TIU CHUN VIT NAM TCVN 7435-1:2004 - ISO 11602-1:2000

1

Phng chy, cha chy
Bnh cha chy xch tay v xe y cha chy
Phn 1: La chn v b tr
Fire protection Portable and wheeled fire extinguishers
Part 1: Selection and Installation

LI NI U
TCVN 7435-1:2004 hon ton tng ng vi ISO 11602-1:2000
TCVN 7435-1:2004 do Ban k thut tiu chun TCVN/TC 21 Thit b Phng chy cha chy
bin son, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh
ban hnh.
1. PHM VI P DNG
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu i vi vic la chn v b tr bnh cha chy xch
tay v xe y cha chy. Tiu chun ny c s dng vng vi TCVN 7435-2.
Bnh v xe y cha chy c xc nh l phng tin ban u cha chy trong phm
vi gii hn. Chng vn cn thit ngay c khi c trang b h thng cha chy
sprinkler t ng, h thng cha chy vch tng, hoc c lp cng cc thit b cha
chy khc.
Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho h thng c lp c nh dp tt m chy, mc
d cc b phn ca h thng c th di chuyn c (nh vi phun, lng phun cha chy
c lp vo h thng cung cp cht cha chy).
Cc yu cu trong tiu chun ny l yu cu ti thiu. Vic s dng bnh v xe cha chy
vi s lng nhiu hn, cng sut cao hn hoc c ln hn, ni chung l nhm tng kh
nng cha chy.
Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho bnh v xe cha chy trn my bay, tu thy v cc
phng tin giao thng ng b.
2. TI LIU VIN DN
TCVN 7602 (ISO 7165), Cha chy Bnh cha chy xch tay c tnh v cu to.
ISO 8421-1, Fire protection Vocabulary Part 1: General terms and phenomena of fire
(Cha chy T vng Phn 1: Thut ng chung v cc hin tng chy).
TCVN 7027 (ISO 11601), Xe cha chy c tnh v cu to.
3. THUT NG V NH NGHA
Trong tiu chun ny s dng cc thut ng v nh ngha trong ISO 8421-1 cng vi cc
thut ng, nh ngha sau:
3.1. H thng khp kn thu hi bt cha chy (closed recovery system for extinguishing
powder).
H thng cho php s dng li bt cha chy.
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Ch thch: H thng dng thu hi bt t bnh cha chy n thng thu hi l khp
kn ngn vic lm tht thot cht cha chy vo trong khng kh.
3.2. H thng khp kn thu hi halon (closed recovery system for halon)
H thng dng chuyn halon gia cc bnh cha chy, thng cung cp v thu hi
v np sao cho vic tht thot halon ra kh quyn l nh nht.
3.3. Ngi c quyn (competent person)
Ngi c o to v c kinh nghim cn thit v c tip cn vi cc trang b,
dng c, cc ph tng thay th v thng tin cn thit (k c sch hng dn s dng
ca ngi ch to), c nng lc tin hnh quy trnh kim tra v np li theo tiu
chun ny.
Ch thch: Xem ph lc A ca TCVN 7435-2
3.4. Cht to mng (film forming media)
Cc loi bt to mng nc (AFFF) v bt floprotein to mng (FFFF), bao gm cc
loi thch hp vi dung mi phn cc (cht lng chy ha tan vo trong nc) v cc
loi khng thch hp vi dung mi phn cc.
3.5. Bnh cha chy (fire extinguisher)
Bnh cha chy xch tay v xe y cha chy.
3.6. Mi nguy him (hazards)
3.6.1. Mi nguy him loi A (class A hazard)
Ngun cht chy c th lm pht sinh v pht trin mnh m chy loi A vi
cc vt liu v d nh g, vi, giy, cao su v cht do.
3.6.2. Mi nguy him loi B (class B hazard)
Ngun cht chy c th lm pht sinh v pht trin mnh m chy loi B vi
cc vt liu v d nh du, m v sn.
3.6.3. Mi nguy him loi C (class C hazard)
Ngun cht chy c th lm pht sinh v pht trin mnh m chy loi B vi
cc vt liu v d nh kh thin nhin v kh propan.
3.6.4. Mi nguy him loi D (class D hazard)
Ngun cht chy c th lm pht sinh v pht trin mnh m chy loi B vi
cc vt liu kim loi v d nh magi, natri v kali.
3.7. Bnh p sut cao (high-pressure cylinder)
Bnh c p sut lm vic ln hn 2,5MPa 20C.
3.8. Kim tra (inspection)
Kim tra nhanh m bo rng bnh cha chy cn v s s dng c.
Ch thch: iu ny a ra s m bo hp l rng bnh cha chy c np y v
c th s dng c. Vic ny c thc hin bng cch nhn thy v tr ch nh
cha c s dng (khi ng) v cha b lm xo trn, khng b h hng r rng
hoc khng c cc iu kin ngn cn s hot ng ca bnh.
3.9. Bnh p sut thp (low-pressure cylinder)
Bnh c p sut lm vic bng hoc nh hn 2,5MPa 20C.
3.10. Bo dng (maintenance)
Kim tra ton b bnh.
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Ch thch: iu ny a ra s m bo cao nht rng bnh cha chy s hot ng
hiu qu v an ton. Bo dng bao gm vic kim tra ton b v cc sa cha hoc
thay th cn thit. Khi bo dng thng thng phi th thy lc.
3.11. Bnh cha chy khng c np li (non-rechargeable extinguisher, non-refillable
extinguisher)
Bnh cha chy khng th (hoc khng xc nh ) thc hin c vic bo dng
ton b, th thy lc v hon li ton b kh nng hot ng theo tiu chun thc
hnh c cng ty cung ng thit b cha chy s dng.
3.12. Mc nguy him cao ni c ngi (occupancy hazard (high))
V tr m c mt lng cht chy loi A v cc cht chy c loi B, trong
kho, trong sn xut v/hoc sn phm cui cng, l cao hn hoc bng vi mc d
kin.
3.13. Mc nguy him cao ni c ngi (occupancy hazard (low))
V tr m tng lng cht chy loi A, k c g, trang tr v cha l
khng ng k.
Ch thch: S phn loi ny d tnh trc rng phn chnh ca thut ng bao gm
hoc cc cht khng chy c hoc c sp xp nh vy l m chy khng c
lan truyn nhanh. Mt lng nh ca cc cht chy loi B c s dng cho my
chp hnh (sao chp), xng ngh thut v.v... c ngha l chng c tn cha trong
cc thng kn v c bo qun mt cch an ton.
3.14. Mc nguy him trung bnh khi c ngi (occupancy hazard (moderate))
V tr m tng lng cht chy loi A v cc cht chy loi B hin din ln hn
s lng c coi l mc nguy him ni c ngi thp.
3.15. Bnh cha chy xch tay (portable extinguisher)
Dng c xch tay cha cht cha chy c th phun v hng trc tip v m chy
do tc ng ca p sut bn trong.
Ch thch: p sut bn trong c th c to bi:
- p sut nn trc tip (s to p sut ca bnh cha chy thi im np bnh),
hoc:
- Chai kh y (s to p thi im s dng bng cch lm gii phng kh t chai
cha ring bit vo bnh cha cht cha chy).
3.16. Cng sut (rating)
Ch s so snh kt hp vi vic phn loi n nh cho bnh cha chy v ch kh nng
ca chng trong vic dp tt m chy tiu chun.
3.17. Bnh cha chy np li c (rechargeable extinguisher refillable extinguisher)
Bnh cha chy c th thc hin c bo dng ton b, k c vic kim tra bn
trong bnh chu p lc, thay th ton b cc b phn v ph tng cht lng (di
tiu chun) v th thy lc.
Ch thch: Loi bnh cha chy ny c kh nng np li c cht cha chy v kh
y, v khi phc hon ton kh nng hot ng ca n bi cc tiu chun thc
hnh c cc cng ty cung cp thit b cha chy s dng. Bnh cha chy np li
c c ghi nhn Np li ngay sau khi s dng hoc ghi cc nhn n gin
tng ng.
3.18. Np li (recharging)
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S thay th cht cha chy.
Ch thch: iu ny cng bao gm c kh y i vi mt s loi bnh nht nh.
3.19. Bnh cha chy t phun (self-expelling medium extinguisher)
Bnh cha chy cha cht cha chy c p sut hi t phun nhit vn
hnh bnh thng.
3.20. Dch v (service, servicing)
Qu trnh bao gm mt hoc nhiu hn cc cng vic sau:
- Bo dng;
- Np li;
- Th thy lc
3.21. p sut lm vic (service pressure)
p sut lm vic 20C c hin th trn ng h o p sut hoc ng h ch bo
v trn nhn hiu ca bnh nn trc tip, hoc p sut trong bnh c vn hnh nh
chai kh y bng cch gii phng kh t chai kh y vo bnh cha cht cha chy
nhit 20C.
3.22. p sut th (test pressure)
p sut th bnh cha chy v cc b phn ca bnh kh ch to.
Ch thch: p sut th bnh c ghi trn nhn hiu hoc trn thn bnh cha
chy.
3.23. Khong cch di chuyn (travel distance)
Khong cch m mi ngi phi di chuyn t v tr bt k no ti bnh cha chy gn
nht.
3.24. Bnh cha chy bng nc (mater-type extinguisher)
Bnh cha chy cha cht cha chy gc nc nh: nc, bt (AFFF hoc FFFP) v
cht chng ng.
3.25. Xe y cha chy (wheeled extinguisher)
Bnh cha chy c khi lng trn 20kg, c lp bnh xe, c thit k mt ngi
y v s dng c.
4. PHN LOI, CNG SUT V C TNH CA BNH CHA CHY
4.1. Bnh cha chy c phn loi s dng ph hp i vi loi m chy v c
cc phng th nghim xc nh v hiu qu cha chy tng i. iu da trn
c s phn loi m chy v kh nng cha chy c xc nh bng php th dp
la.
4.2. Phn loi m chy nh sau
- Loi A: m chy ca vt liu rn, thng l cht hu c, trong s chy
thng din ra cng vi s to than hng.
- Loi B: m chy ca cc cht lng hoc cht rn ha lng c.
- Loi C: m chy ca cc cht kh.
- Loi D: m chy ca kim loi.
4.3. Vic phn loi v h thng cng sut c vin dn trong tiu chun ny c m t
trong TCVN 7026:2002 v TCVN 7027:2002.
4.4. Bnh cha chy c s dng tun theo TCVN 7026:2002 v TCVN 7027:2002.
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4.5. Vic nhn dng v t chc chng nhn, phn loi bnh cha chy v cng sut, tiu
chun c tnh m bnh cha chy t c phi ghi nhn mt cch r rng trn tng
bnh cha chy.
5. YU CU CHUNG
5.1. Bnh cha chy phi c bo qun trong iu kin np y v s dng c v phi
c lin tc ng ni quy nh trong sut thi gian cha s dng.
5.2. Bnh cha chy phi c t ni d thy, d tip cn v d ly ngay lp tc khi c
chy. Tt nht chng c trn ng i, k c trn li ra vo.
5.3. Hp bnh cha chy khng c kha.
Lu : nhng ni m bnh cha chy l i tng d b ph hoi, c th s dng
cc hp ng c kha, min l c cch vo c phng ngay lp tc.
5.4. Bnh cha chp khng c b che khut hoc khng nhn r.
Lu : Trong cc phng ln v cc v tr nht nh, khi khng c php c cc
chng ngi (cn tr) nhn thy c, phi c cc cch ch dn r ni t bnh
cha chy.
5.5. Bnh cha chy phi c t trn gi mc hoc cng xon hoc t trong hp tr xe
y cha chy.
5.6. Bnh cha chy c b tr trong iu kin d b di chuyn th phi c t vo
trong cc gi c thit k chuyn dng.
5.7. Bnh cha chy c b tr trong iu kin d b h hng do va p c hc th phi
c bo v chng va p.
5.8. Bnh cha chy c khi lng c b khng ln hn 18kg phi c b tr sao cho
nh ca bnh khng cao hn mt sn qu 1,5m. Bnh cha chy c khi lng c b
ln hn 18kg (tr loi xe y cha chy) phi c b tr sao cho nh ca bnh
khng cao hn mt sn qu 1,0m. Khe h gia y bnh c treo trn gi hoc cng
xon v mt sn khng c nh hn 3cm.
5.9. Khi cc bn hng dn s dng c treo hoc v tr dnh ring, cc bn hng
dn ny phi i din hoc hng nhiu nht vo hng i qua li.
5.10. Khi bnh cha chy c b tr trong hp kn m cc hp ny ngoi tri hoc
chu nhit cao, cc hp ny phi c l thng gi.
5.11. Cc bnh cha chy khng c t vng c nhit nm ngoi gii hn nhit
ghi trn bnh, hoc t ni c nhit cao ta ra t cc ngun nhit.
5.12. n v o trong tiu chun ny ph hp vi h n v SI. Mt s n v o (v d
cm, bar v lt) nm ngoi nhng c th nhn bit bng h SI, c th xut hin v
chng thng c s dng trong phng chy. Xem ISO 1000.
6. LA CHN BNH CHA CHY
6.1. Quy nh chung
Vic la chn bnh cha chy i vi tng trng hp nht nh phi c xc nh
theo tnh cht v mc ca m chy, kt cu v v tr, ni c ngi, cc mi nguy
him phi i ph, iu kin nhit phng v cc yu t khc. S lng, cng sut,
vic b tr v gii hn s dng ca cc bnh cha chy c quy nh p ng cc
yu cu ca iu 7.

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6.2. Bnh cha chy halon
Vic s dng bnh cha chy halon phi c gii hn ni m cht cha chy sch
cn thit dp tt m chy mt cch hiu qu m khng lm h hng thit b hoc
khu vc bo v, hoc ni m vic s dng cht cha chy khc c th gy nguy
him i vi con ngi trong khu vc ny.
6.3. La chn theo mi nguy him
6.3.1. Bnh cha chy c la chn theo cc mi nguy him phi bo v.
6.3.2. Bnh cha chy trang b khu vc c mi nguy him loi A phi c la
chn t cc bnh cha chy c cng sut loi A thch hp.
Lu : i vi bnh cha chy halon, xem 6.2.
6.3.3. Bnh cha chy trang b khu vc c mi nguy him loi B phi c la
chn t cc bnh cha chy c cng sut loi B thch hp.
Lu : i vi bnh cha chy halon, xem 6.2.
6.3.4. Bnh cha chy trang b khu vc c mi nguy him loi C phi l loi bnh
cha chy bng bt.
6.3.5. Bnh cha chy trang b khu vc c mi nguy him loi D phi l loi thch
hp cho vic cha chy kim loi chy c.
6.3.6. Bnh cha chy trang b khu vc c mi nguy him lin quan n thit b
in phi l loi ccbon ioxt, bt, halon hoc cc loi cht cha chy gc nc
c th nghim v thch hp cho s dng.
Lu : i vi bnh cha chy halon, xem 6.2.
Bnh cha chy ccbon ioxt c trang b loa phun kim loi khng c coi l
an ton i vi vic s dng trong m chy lin quan n thit b in.
Bnh cha chy bng bt c th dp tt hiu qu m chy trn thit b in t
tinh vi (nhy), nhng ha cht cn t cht cha chy c th lm h hi nghim
trng thit b c bo v.
6.4. La chn cho m chy cht kh nn v cht lng chy nn
6.4.1. Bnh cha chy cha cht cha chy khc bt ni chung khng c hiu qu
i vi m chy kh nn v cht lng chy nn. Vic la chn bnh cha chy
cho loi nguy him ny c thc hin trn c s cc khuyn ngh ca nhfa sn
xut cc thit b chuyn dng ny. H thng bnh cha chy c lu lng phun
hiu qu i vi m chy loi B khng s dng cho loi m chy ny. Vic s
dng vi phun c bit v cng sut ca cht cha chy c quy nh i
ph vi cc mi nguy him .
Cnh bo: Khng mong mun c gng dp tt loi m chy ny tr khi c m
bo hp l rng c th ngt ngay lp tc ngun nng lng ny.
6.4.2. Bnh cha chy trang b khu vc c mi nguy him loi B ba chiu bao
gm: vt liu loi B di ng, nh cht lng chy ang rt, chuyn ng hoc
chy nh git, phi c la chn trn c s cc khuyn ngh ca nh ch to
bnh cha chy. H thng s dng bnh cha chy cng sut trong m chy loi
B (cht lng chy su) khng c s dng trc tip cho cc loi nguy
him ny.
Ch thch: Phi cn nhc vic lp t h thng c nh cho cc mi nguy him
nh vy khi s dng.
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6.4.3. Bnh cha chy s dng dp tt m chy cht lng hoc chy tan trong
nc, nh: ru, ete, halon v.v... khng phi l loi AFFF hoc FFFP tr khi
cht cha chy c th c bit v c xc nh l thch hp cho vic s
dng loi cht cha chy ny.
6.4.4. Xe y cha chy phi c xem xt chng li cc mi nguy him trong
vng nguy him cao hoc khi c yu cu:
- Lu lng cht cha chy rt ln;
- Tm phun xa ca cht cha chy tng;
- Cn lng cht cha chy tng.
7. PHN B CC BNH CHA CHY
7.1. Yu cu chung
7.1.1. S lng bnh cha chy ti thiu cn bo v cc mi nguy him phi c
xc nh theo cc quy nh trong iu ny.
Cc bnh cha chy b sung c th c b tr to ra vic bo v thch hp
hn i vi cc mi nguy him c bit. Phi xem vic bo v cc vt tn
cha cao v cc mi nguy him khc yu cu cc bnh cha chy c kh nng
phun thng ng thch hp. Bnh cha chy c cng sut nh hn quy nh trong
bng 1 v bng 2 c th c lp t, cung cp nhng khng c s dng
chng thc hin cc yu cu bo v ti thiu ca iu ny.
7.1.2. Bnh cha chy phi c trang b bo v c kt cu ca cng trnh, nu d
chy, v chng li cc mi nguy him n cha bn trong.
7.1.3. Phi trang b cc bnh cha chy thch hp i vi m chy loi A bo v
cng trnh c quy nh.
7.1.4. Phi trang b cc bnh cha chy thch hp i vi m chy loi A, B, C hoc
D nu chng c th c mt bo v cc thnh phn ca cng trnh.
7.1.5. Cc bnh cha chy c trang b bo v cc cng trnh cng c th c
xem xt bo v ni c ngi c kh nng chy loi A.
7.1.6. Cng trnh c mi nguy him loi B v/hoc loi C phi c cc bnh cha chy
loi A theo tiu chun bo v cng trnh, cng vi cc bnh cha chy loi B
v/hoc loi C b sung. Khi bnh cha chy c nhiu hn 1 loi, cc bnh cha
chy phi c xem xt tha mn cc yu cu ca tng loi.
7.1.7. Khu vc c ngi phi c phn loi thnh mi nguy him thp, mi nguy
him trung bnh hoc mi nguy him cao (xem 3.12 n 3.14). Khu vc c
gii hn vi mc nguy him cao hn hoc thp hn phi c bo v theo
quy nh. Cng cn phi xem xt s lng ni c ngi, la tui ca h, v kh
nng s tn ca h trong trng hp xy ra chy.
7.1.8. Trong mi tng, din tch c bo v v khong cch di chuyn c xc
nh trn c s cc bnh cha chy c b tr ph hp vi bng 1 v 2.
7.2. Vic b tr v cng sut bnh cha chy vi mi nguy him loi A
7.2.1. Bnh cha chy i vi cc loi nguy him khc nhau c cung cp trn c
s bng 1.

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Bng 1
Loi nguy him Cng sut bnh cha
chy nh nht
Khong cch di
chuyn ln nht ti
bnh cha chy, m
Din tch bo v ln
nht ca 1 bnh cha
chy, m
2

Thp 2-A 20 300
Trung bnh 3-A* 20 150
Cao 4-A* 15 100
* Hai bnh cha chy kiu nc cng sut 2-A c b tr lin k c th c s dng
thc hin cc yu cu i vi bnh cha chy cng sut 3-A hoc 4-A.

7.2.2. Mi tng (sn) phi c trang b t nht hai bnh cha chy nh quy nh
trong bng 1.
Lu : i vi tng c din tch nh hn 100m
2
c th ch trang b 1 bnh cha
chy.
7.2.3. Cc yu cu bo v c th c thc hin bng cc bnh cha chy c cng
sut ln hn, min l khong cch di chuyn ti cc bnh cha chy khng vt
qu khong cch quy nh trong bng 1.
7.3. Vic b tr v cng sut bnh cha chy i vi mi nguy him loi B, tr mi
nguy him ca cht lng chy c chiu dy c th nh gi c (qu 0,6cm) v i
vi mi nguy him loi C.
7.3.1. Cc bnh cha chy dng cho cc loi nguy him ny phi c trang b trn
c s bng 2.
Lu : Bnh cha chy cng sut nh hn, dng cho cc mi nguy him ring
nh bn trong khu vc nguy him chung, c th c s dng nhng khng c
xem xt nh l thc hin bt k phn no ca cc yu cu trong bng 2.
Bng 2
Loi nguy him Cng sut cha chy ln
nht
Khong cch di
chuyn ln nht ti
bnh cha chy, m
Din tch bo v ln
nht ca 1 bnh cha
chy, m
2

Thp 55 B 15 300
Trung bnh 144 B 15 150
Cao 233 B 15 100

i vi m chy cht kh v cht lng chy nn, xem bng 6.4.
i vi m chy lin quan n cht lng chy tan trong nc, xem 6.4.3.
7.3.2. Khng c s dng hai hoc nhiu hn bnh cha chy cng sut nh hn
thc hin cc yu cu bo v trong bng 2.
Lu : C th s dng ti 3 bnh cha chy loi AFFF hoc FFFP, nu tng
cng sut ca chng bng hoc ln hn cng sut quy nh nh nht, thc
hin cc yu cu ca mt bnh cha chy vi cng sut quy nh.
7.3.3. Cc yu cu bo v c th c thc hin bng cc bnh cha chy c cng
sut hn, nu khong cch di chuyn n cc bnh ny khng vt qu khong
cch quy nh trong bng 2.
7.3.4. Mi tng phi c trang b t nht hai bnh cha chy nh quy nh trong
bng 2.
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Lu : i vi tng din tch nh hn 100m
2
c th ch trang b mt bnh cha
chy.
7.4. Vic b tr v kch c bnh cha chy i vi mi nguy him loi B ca cht lng
chy chiu dy qu 0,6cm
7.4.1. Khng c b tr bnh cha chy nh l bin php bo v duy nht i vi
mi nguy him do cht lng chy su, c th xc nh c (ln hn
0,6cm) khi din tch b mt ln hn 1m
2
.
7.4.2. i vi cht lng chy su c th xc nh c nh trong thng nhng
hoc thng ti, phi trang b bnh cha chy loi B trn c s th cha chy t
nht 144B trn 1 mt vung (144B/m
2
) ca din tch chy c lng ln nht.
Ch thch 1: Khi h thng hoc thit b cha chy t ng c chun y lp t
i vi mi nguy him cht lng chy, c th b bnh cha chy xch tay loi B.
Khi b loi b, bnh cha chy loi B c trang b theo phm vi ca 7.3.1
bo v cc vng nguy him ring ca cc mi nguy him c bo v .
Ch thch 2: Bnh cha chy loi AFFF hoc FFFP c th c trang b trn c
s 89B cho 1m
2
ca ni c mi nguy him.
7.4.3. Khng c s dng hai hoc nhiu hn bnh cha chy c cng sut thp
hn thay th bnh cha chy c quy nh vi thng cha ln nht.
Ch thch: C th s dng n 3 bnh cha chy loi AFFF hoc FFFP thc
hin cc yu cu ca mt bnh cha chy c cng sut quy nh, nu tng cng
sut ca cc bnh bng hoc ln hn cng sut quy nh nh nht.
7.4.4. Khi kch thc ca mi nguy him loi B c su c th xc nh c
khng th bo v c bng bnh cha chy xch tay, c th xem xt vic s
dng xe y cha chy nu chng c kh nng chng li mi nguy him . Khi
s dng cc xe y cha chy nh vy, bnh cha chy xch tay loi B cng
c trang b theo 7.3.1 bo v khu vc ln cn vng nguy him .
7.4.5. Khong cch di chuyn n bnh cha chy khng c qu 15m.
7.4.6. Cc mi nguy him phn tn hoc cch xa nhau nhiu phi c bo v ring.
Bnh cha chy gn mi nguy him phi c b tr c th tip cn c
khi c chy m khng gy nguy him cho ngi s dng.
7.5. C bnh cha chy v vic b tr i vi mi nguy him in
7.5.1. Mi nguy him in bao gm c mi nguy him trc tip xung quanh thit b
in.
7.5.2. Ty theo mi nguy him l loi A hoc loi B, kch c v ni b tr cc bnh
cha chy phi trn c s mi nguy him loi A hoc loi B bit.
7.5.3. Ni c cc thit b in, cc bnh cha chy phi c m bo l thch hp
cho vic s dng trn cc thit b in v c ghi nhn nh vy.
Thit b in phi c ngt cng nhanh cng tt chng chy li.
7.6. C bnh cha chy v vic b tr i vi mi nguy him loi D
7.6.1. Phi trang b bnh cha chy loi D i vi cc mi nguy him do kim loi
chy gy ra.
7.6.2. Khong cch di chuyn ti bnh cha chy loi D khng c qu 20m.
7.6.3. C v s lng bnh cha chy c xc nh trn c s kim loi chy ring,
c ht vt l ca chng v din tch bao ph.
TCVN 7435 - 2:2004 - ISO 11602 2 : 2000
PHNG CHY, CHA CHY- BNH CHA CHY
XCH TAY V XE Y CHA CHY
PHN 2: KIM TRA V BO DNG
Fire protection- Protable and wheeled fire extinguishers -
Part 2: Inspection and maintance
1. PHM VI P DNG
Tiu chun quy nh vic kim tra, bo dng v th nh k cc bnh cha
chy xch tay v xe y cha chy.
Bnh cha chy xch tay c xc nh l phng tin ban u cha chy
trong phm vi gii hn. Cc bnh cha chy xch tay vn cn thit ngay c khi
c trang b h thng Sprinklers t ng, h thng cha chy vch tng hoc c
thit b cha chy c nh.
Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho h thng c lp t c nh dp tt
m chy, mc d cc b phn ca h thng c th di chuyn c (nh vi phun
hoc lng phun c gn vi b phn cung cp cht cha chy.)
Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho cc bnh cha chy s dng trn my bay,
tu thu v phng tin giao thng ng b.
2. TI LIU VIN DN
TCVN 6100 (ISO 5923), Phng chy cha chy - Cht cha chy - Cc bon
ioxt.
TCVN 6154: 1996, Bnh chu p lc- Yu cu k thut an ton v thit k, kt
cu, ch to - Phng php th.
TCVN 6156:1996, Bnh chu p lc- Yu cu k thut an ton v lp t, s
dng, sa cha. Phng php th.
ISO 7201-1, Fire protection- Fire extinguishing media-Halogenated
hydrocacbons- Part1 Specifcations for halon 1211 and halon 1301(Phng chy cha
chy-Cht cha chy-Hydroccbon c halogen ho- Phn 1: Yu cu k thut vi
halon 1211 v halon 1301).
ISO 7201-2, Fire protection-Fire extinguishing media-Halogenated
hydrocacbons-Part2: Code of practice for safe handing and tranfer procedures of
halon 1211 and 1301: (Phng chy cha chy- Cht cha chy- Hydroccbon c
halongen ho-Phn 2 : Quy phm thc hnh i vi quy trnh vn chuyn v sp xp
halon 1211 v halon 1311).
TCVN 7435-1(ISO 11602-1), Phng chy cha chy- Bnh cha chy xch tay
v xe y cha chy - Phn 1: La chn v b tr.
3. THUT NG V NH NGHA
Trong tiu chun ny s dng cc thut ng v nh ngha ca TCVN 7435 - 1
4. KIM TRA BO DNG V NP LI
4.1 Quy nh chung
4.1.1 Ngi ch hoc i l hoc ngi ni cc bnh cha chy c b tr
phi c trch nhim kim tra, bo dng v np li.
4.1.2. Quy trnh kim tra v bo dng bnh cha chy khc nhau nhiu. Cc
kin thc ti thiu cn thit thc hin quy trnh kim tra hng thng theo 4.2. Ch
nhng ngi c thm quyn mi c bo dng v sa cha theo 4.3 v 4.4. Xem
ph lc A.
4.1.3 Vic bo dng v np li phi c thc hin theo s tay hng dn
thch hp, s dng cc loi dng c, vt liu thay th, du bi trn v cc ph tng
thay th nhn bit c v c ngi sn xut hng dn.
4.1.4 Bnh cha chy khng cn kh nng bo dng hoc np li phi c
thay th bng mt bnh d tr cng kiu v ti thiu cng loi v cng cng sut.
4.2 Kim tra
4.2.1 Bnh cha chy phi c kim tra khi ln u a vo s dng v sau
phi c kim tra nh k khong 30 ngy. Bnh cha chy phi c kim tra vi
chu k ngn hn khi c yu cu.
4.2.2 Kim tra nh k c thc hin m bo bnh cha chy:
a/ c t ng v tr quy nh;
b/ Khng b tr ngi v d nhn thy v bn hng dn s dng ca bnh quay ra
ngoi;
c/ Hng dn s dng r rng;
d/ Nim phong hoc b phn chn khng v hoc b mt;
e/ Cn y (bng cch cn hoc nhc)
f/ Khng b h hng, n mn, r r hoc lng phun b bt kn;
g/ Nu ng h o p sut, kim ca ng h phi v tr hot ng hoc nm
trong khong hot ng.
4.2.3 Khi kim tra nu pht hin bt k bnh cha chy no khng m bo
ng cc iu kin c lit k trong 4.2.2a v b/ phi c hnh ng chnh sa
ngay.
4.2.4 Khi kim tra pht hin bt k bnh cha chy np li c no khng thc
hin ng bt k iu kin ca c/,d/,e/,f/ hoc g/ ca 4.2.2 th phi tin hnh bo
dng theo qui trnh thch hp.
4.2.5 Khi kim tra pht hin bt k bnh cha chy bng bt khng np li c
khng thc hin ng bt k iu no ca c/, d/,e/,f/ hoc g/ ca 4.2.2 th phi loi b.
4.2.6 Khi kim tra pht hin bt k bnh cha chy halon khng np li c
khng thc hin ng bt k iu kin no ca c/, d/,e/,f hoc g/ ca 4.2.2 th phi
loi b v cht cha chy phi c ly li hoc hu.
4.3 Bo dng
4.3.1 Quy nh chung
Tt c cc loi bnh cha chy, tr loi c lu phc lc C, phi m c
bo dng nh sau:
a/ Khng qu mt nm nhng khng t hn 6 thng mt ln;
b/ Th thu lc ng k;
c/ Khi c yu cu kim tra c bit. Quy trnh bo bo dng phi tin hnh ph
hp vi 4.3.2
4.3.2 Quy trnh i vi tt c cc loi bnh cha chy
4.3.2.1 Trong mt ln bo dng, tt c cc loi bnh cha chy phi:
a/ Kim tra nim phong v c cu an ton xc nh bnh cha chy c
s dng cha;
Sau khi bo dng, thay th c cu an ton v lp lim phong mi;
c/ Gn bin vo bnh hoc ghi nhn tm bin gn vo bnh ch ra rng tin
hnh bo dng theo quy nh.
4.3.2.2 i vi vic cn nhc quy trnh c thc hin khi bo dng bnh cha
chy xch tay, cc loi bnh c phn loi nh sau:
- Loi 1: Bnh c p sut nn trc tip vi cht cha chy l nc, nc c ph
gia, hoc bt
- Loi 2: Bnh c p sut nn trc tip vi cht cha chy l bt hoc halon;
- Loi 3: Bnh dng chai kh y vi cht cha chy l nc, nc c ph gia
hoc bt;
- Loi 4: Bnh dng chai kh y vi cht cha chy l bt;
- Loi 5: Bnh cha chy cc bon dioxide
4.3.2.3 B sung vo yu cu ca 4.3.2.1 a/,b/ v c/ bnh cha chy phi c
bo dng theo bng 1.
4.3.2.4 Cnh bo: Trc khi m bt k bnh cha chy bng bt no, bnh
phi c xc nh rng trong khi kim tra v bo dng, cc s phng nga c
nu trong 4.3.4.1 v 4.3.2.4.2 phi c xem xt.
4.3.2.4.1 Ch c m bnh cha chy bng bt iu kin kh nht c th v
trong thi gian t nht cn thit kim tra, nhm lm gim ti mc thp nht nh
hng ca m khng kh n bt (bt c th hp th mt lng m c hi nu
phi trong khng kh c m tng i cao hoc nu bt lnh hn khng kh
xung quanh).
4.3.2.4.2. Cm vic trn ln lm nhim bn cho gia cc loi bt cha chy
khc nhau (Mt s cc loi bt c kh nng tc dng ti mt s loi bt khc to ra
nc v ccbon dioxit. Phn ng ny thng khng xy ra mt cch r rng cho ti
sau mt tun m trong thi gian phn ng b mt khng xy ra. Nc gy ra s
vn cc v trong thng kn cc bon dioxit gy ra s tng p nn rt nguy him. Ch
nhng bnh cha cng loi bt mi c m v kim tra cng mt thi im).
Bng 1:
Loi bnh
STT Quy trnh bo dng
1 2 3 4 5
1 Kim tra v xc nhn rng thit b ch th p
sut (nu c lp) l ch p sut trong bnh
chnh xc hoc khi thit b ny khng c
lp, p sut trong l chnh xc. Nu bnh cha
chy ch ra p sut gim hn 10% hoc nhiu
hn so vi mc gim ln nht theo hng dn
ca ngi sn xut nu p sut gim t hn 10%
phi theo ch dn ca ngi sn xut c bin
php thch hp.
x x
2 Kim tra bn ngoi thn bnh cha chy xem c
b n mn hoc h hi. Nu bnh b n mn t
hoc h hi khng ng k, bnh phi b loi b
hoc phi th thu lc. Nu bnh b mn nhiu
hoc c mt vi h hi th bnh phi b loi b.
x x x x x
3 Cn bnh cha chy(c hoc khng c c cu x x x x x
vn hnh theo hng dn ca ngi ch to)
hoc s dng phng thc thch hp kim
tra bnh cha khi lng cht cha chy chnh
xc. i chiu khi lng so vi khi lng
c ghi khi bnh cha s dng ln u.
4 Kim tra lng phun v vi phun (nu c
trang b) v lm sch nu cn thit. Phi thay
th nu b h hng hoc khng trng thi tt.
x x x x x
5 Khi bnh cha chy c thit k c c cu vn
hnh tho ra c, phi kim tra c cu vn
hnh v kim sot s x (nu c np) i vi
vic di chuyn t do. Lm sch, chnh sa,
hoc thay th, nu cn. Phi bo v ren v cc
chi tit vn chng li s n mn bng du bi
trn theo hng dn ca ngi sn xut.
x x x x
6 M bnh cha chy hoc tho cc u lp rp.
Tho chai kh y.
x x
7 (Ch i vi bnh cha chy bng nc c ph
gia hoc bt). cht lng vo bnh cha sch.
Nu du hiu b h hng xut hin (tham kho
hng dn ca ngi sn xut i vi cc sn
phm). b cht lng ny v vo cht
lng c bit ca ngi sn xut. Khi cht to
bt cha chy hoc ph gia trong bnh ring
bit, kim tra s r r. Loi b bnh bnh r r v
thay bng bnh mi v np.
x
8 Lm sch bn trong v bn ngoi bnh cha
chy v kim tra bn trong v bn ngoi thn
bnh pht hin s n mn v h hi. Nu bnh
b n mn t hoc b h hi khng ng k, bnh
phi b loi b hoc th thu lc. Nu b n mn
nhiu hoc c mt vi h hi bnh phi b loi
b.
x
9 Kim tra bn ngoi chai kh y pht hin n
mn v h hi. Nu chai kh y b n mn v
h hi th phi thay mi nh khuyn ngh ca
ngi sn xut. Cn chai kh y v kim tra
x x
khi lng so vi khi lng ghi trn chai.
Chai kh y c khi lng cht ch t hn
khi lng nh nht c ghi, hoc chai c
pht hin b r r th phi loi b hoc c
thay bng chai mi theo khuyn ngh ca ngi
sn xut.
10 Lm sch nu cn v x ht kh qua l thng hi
(hoc cc c cu thng hi khc) trong np.
x x
11 Kim tra lng phun ng nhnh, li lc v ng
phun trong van x kh (nu c lp) v lm
sch chng, nu cn.
x
12 Lm sch v kim tra lng phun, vi phun v
ng phun trong pht hin s tc nghn bng
cch bm khng kh i qua chng, chnh sa
hoc thay thu nu cn.
x
13 Kim tra cc vng m, mng ngn v vi phun
v thay th nu b h hi hoc c khuyt tt. Nu
vi phun c lp y bnh v mng ngn c
s dng th phi thay.
x x
14 Kim tra bt trong bnh xc nh khng c
du hiu ca s vn cc, ng cc hoc vt l.
Khuy trn bt bng cch lc v dc ngc
bnh, nhng phi trnh lm trn. Nu c du
hiu vn cc, ng cc hoc c vt l, nu
khng phun c hoc c bt k tr ngi no,
phi thay tt c bt cha chy v np li bnh
bng bt cha chy ca ngi sn xut
x
15 Np li bnh cha chy ti mc ban u, b li
lng nc b mt hoc thay bng nc sch
nu cn. i vi nc c ph gia hoc dung
dch to bt, np li bnh theo hng dn ca
ngi sn xut.
x
16 Lp li bnh theo hng dn ca ngi sn xut x x
17 Kim tra loa phun, vi phun cha chy v lp
van, lm sch v thay th nu khng tnh
trng tt.
x
18 Thc hin php th dn in b vi cha chy x
Ch thch: mt nc theo quyt nh ca c quan c thm quyn phi xem xt mt
cch thch ng quy trnh kim tra cht lng v s tin cy ca ngi sn xut vi
bnh cha chy c chai kh y ho hc bn trong c hn kn, vic kim tra bn
trong ln u ch c th li li so vi thi hn ca ngi sn xut tr khi c yu
cu bi 4.3.2.5
4.3.2.5 Ngoi vic quy nh bo dng hng nm theo 4.3.1 n 4.3.2.4 tin
hnh nh k khng qu 5 nm vic bo dng c quy nh trong bng 2.
Ch thch 1: Cc bnh cha chy khng c np li, tr bnh halon, phi c
tho b v khng qu 5 nm tnh t ngy sn xut.
Ch thch 2: Cc bnh cha chy khng c np li loi halon, phi ngng s
dng v chuyn n c s ly li halon khng qu 5 nm tnh t ngy sn xut.
4.3.2.6 Bnh cha chy halon khng c thi b ra kh quyn, nhng phi ly ra
nh k khng qu 5 nm bng phng php cho php ly li halon. Cc bnh rng, phi
c bo dng b sung theo quy nh trong bng 2.
Bng 2
Loi bnh
STT Quy trnh bo dng
1 (5nm) 2 (5nm) 3 (5nm)
1 Phun x bnh cha chy ht hon ton. Sau khi
phun, p k (nu c trang b) phi ch p sut
khng v thit b ch th (nu c trang b)
phi ch v tr phun
x x x
2 M bnh cha chy, lm sch bn trong v
kim tra bn trong thn bnh pht hin s
n mn v h hi. Nu bnh b n mn t hoc
h hi khng ng k, bnh phi b loi b
hoc phi th thu lc li. Nu bnh b n mn
nhiu hoc c mt vi h hng th bnh phi b
loi b.
x x x
3 Kim tra theo cch thch hp lng phun, li
lc v vi phun, l thng (hoc cc c cu
thng hi khc) trong np hoc b van v
ng x trong. Lm sch, nu cn.
x x x
4 Kim tra tt c vng m bt kn v vi phun (nu
c lp) v thay nu b h hng.
x x x
5 Kim tra c cu vn hnh v vic chuyn
ng v lm sch, sa cha hoc thay th nu
cn thit.
x x x
6 Lp rp li v np li bnh cha chy. Xem
4.4
x x x
4.4 Np li
4.4.1 Tt c cc loi bnh cha chy np li c phi c np li sau khi s
dng hoc khi c thanh tra yu cu hoc bo dng b thiu.
4.4.2 Khi tin hnh np li, phi theo hng dn ca ngi sn xut.
4.4.3 Khi lng cht cha chy np li c xc nh bng cn. Khi lng
ton b bnh np li phi bng khi lng ton b ghi trn nhn ca ngi sn xut.
i vi cc bnh cha chy khng ghi khi lng ton b trn nhn, trn bnh phi
ghi nhn vnh cu ch khi lng ton b.
4.4.4 Sau khi np li, phi tin hnh th kn p sut tn cha v vi bnh
cha chy v chai kh y t x cht cha chy.
Khi s dng phng php pht hin s r r bng cht lng, phi lu ngn s
nhim bn cht cha chy bi cht lng.
4.4.5 Bnh cha chy to mng nc (AFFF) v bt to mng floprotein (FFFP)
phi c np li cht cha chy mi theo hng dn ca ngi sn xut.
4.4.6 Ch c s dng cht cha chy theo quy nh trn nhn.
4.4.7 Mi loi bt khng c trn ln hoc b lm bn bi loi bt khc.
4.4.8 Khng c chuyn i bnh cha chy t loi ny sang loi khc, hoc
khng c s dng cc loi cht cha chy khc nhau.
4.4.9 Khng c s dng li bt cha chy cn li trong bnh c np li.
4.4.10 Bnh cha chy c bo dng 5 nm hoc th thu lc phi l bnh
rng. Bt khng c s dng li tr khi s dng h thng thu hi kn v cht cha
chy c tn cha ring trong conten c bt kn ngn khng b nhim bn. Trc
khi s dng li, bt cha chy phi c kim tra ton b. Khi c nghi ng lin quan
n bt, s nhim bn hoc tnh trng ca bt th phi loi b.
4.4.11 i vi tt c lai bnh cha chy khng dng nc phi loi b bt k
hi m no c trong bnh rng trc khi np li.
4.4.12 Bnh cha chy halon ch c np li ng loi tt hn v khi lng
cht cha chy theo quy nh trn tm nhn. Halon dng np li phi theo quy nh
ca ISO 7201. Bnh cha chy cha halon khng ph hp vi qui nh ca ISO
7201 khng c np li.
4.4.13 Vic tho cht cha chy t bnh cha chy halon phi c thc hin
bng h thng tho kn dng cho halon. Phi kim tra bn trong thn bnh cha chy
pht hin s nhim bn hoc s n mn. Cht cha chy c gi li trong bnh
tho ca h thng ch c s dng li khi khng c du hiu ca s nhim bn bn
trong c pht hin trong bnh cha chy. Halon c tho khi bnh c du hiu
ca s nhim bn trong hoc b n mn phi c x l theo hng dn ca ngi
sn xut bnh.
4.4.14 Cc bon dioxit phi theo yu ca TCVN 6100
4.4.15 Khi np li bnh cha chy dng nc, np qu mc s gy ra s x
khng ng. Lng cht lng np ng phi c xc nh bng mt trong cc cch
sau:
- o chnh xc bng khi lng
- o chnh xc bng th tch
- S dng ng chng np qu nu c trang b.
- S dng du nu c trang b
4.4.16 p k t ngun p sut c iu chnh phi c hiu chun t nht
hng nm.
4.4.17 Bnh cha chy li dng kh nn trc tip np li c np ch phi to
ti p sut np nghi trn tm nhn ca bnh. Adapter to p ca ngi sn xut phi
ni vi b van trc khi to p cho bnh. Ngun p sut c iu chnh, c t
khng cao hn 0,2 MPa trn p sut vn hnh, c s dng to p cho bnh cha
chy.
Cnh bo: Ngun p sut khng iu chnh c nh chai nit khng c b
iu p, khng bao gi c s dng v bnh cha chy c th b qu p v c kh
nng b ph hu.
Khng bao gi bnh cha chy ni vi b iu p ca ngun p sut cao trong chu
k nh sn. B iu p b li c th lm ph hu bnh do qu p.
4.4.18 Ch c nit cng nghip tiu chun hoc cc kh tr khc c im sng -
550C hoc thp hn c s dng to p bnh cha chy halon v bnh cha chy
bng bt s dng p sut kh nn trc tip. Khng kh nn qua b tch m (ni ngng)
khng c s dng to p, ngay c khi c ghi trong hng dn trn bnh cha
chy c.
Lu 1: C th s dng khng kh nn t h thng nn chuyn dng c kh
nng cung cp khng kh c im sng -550C hoc thp hn. H thng nn chuyn
dng phi c trang b vi h thng theo di v cnh bo t ng m bo lun
gi im sng -55oC hoc thp hn.
Lu 2: C th s dng Cc bon dioxit khi c qui nh trn nhn. Khi s
dng cc bon dioxit, cht ny phi p ng yu cu ca TCVN 6100.
4.5 H s
4.5.1 C s bo dng phi lu gi h s ca tt c cc bnh cha chy
c nhn vin ca mnh bo dng, k c loi dch v bo dng thc hin.
4.5.2 Phi ghi thi tin hnh bo dng v tn, du hiu nhn bit ca t chc
v c nhn thc hin.
4.5.3 Mi bnh cha chy phi c ti nhn an ton ch nm, thng thc hin dch
v (bo dng, np li v th thu lc) v phi nhn bit c ngi tin hnh cc
dch v .
4.5.4 Nhn ghi dch v khng c t trc bnh cha chy .
5. TH P SUT R R THY LC
5.1 Quy nh chung
5.1.1 Th thu lc phi do ngi c o to v quy trnh th p lc v b
phn an ton tin hnh, c trang thit b th v s tay hng dn thch hp (xem ph
lc B).
5.1.2 Ti bt k thi im no, nu bnh cha chy c du hiu n mn hoc h
hi c hc v khng b loi b, bnh phi c th thu lc, theo 5.1.3 v 5.1.4.
Lu 1: Bnh cha chy khng c np li, tr loi halon, phi tho cht
cha chy v loi b.
Lu 2 : Bnh cha chy khng c np li phi chuyn n c s thu li
halon.
5.1.3 Khi bnh cha chy hoc thn bnh c mt hoc nhiu hn cc iu kin lit
k di y, th khng c th thu lc, nhng ngi ch bnh phi ph hu hoc bnh
c ph hu theo hng dn ca ngi ch bnh:
a/ Khi c sa cha bng hn, hn mm, hn cng hoc s dng hn hp chp
v;
b/ Khi thn hoc ren ca bnh b hng;
c/ Khi b n mn gy r;
d/ Khi bnh cha chy b h tn trong m chy;
e/ Khi cht cha chy l loi canxi clorua c s dng trong bnh cha chy
bng thp khng g;
f/ Khi bnh cha chy qu c (xem ph lc C)
5.1.4 Bnh cha chy c bnh cha hoc v b phi nhit trn 160 0c phi
ngng s dng v chu th thu lc.
Ch thch: ng nht v t chc ca bnh cha bng nhm b gim khi
chng b phi trong nhit trn 1600c. Nhit c th xut hin khi trong m
chy hoc khi sn li c sy kh bng l.
5.2 Tn sut
5.2.1 Bnh cha chy phi th thu lc theo chu k khng qu 10 nm
Ch thch: i vi bnh cha chy khng np li, xem 5.1.2
5.2.2 Chai kh y p sut cao hoc chai nit c s dng i vi vic tn
cha kh ui cho xe y cha chy phi c th thu lc theo chu k khng qu 10
nm.
Lu 1: Chai kh y c ng knh ngoi khng qu 5cm v c khi lng ln
nht l 300 g khng phi th thu lc nh k.
Lu 2: Khi c quy nh ca Nh nc chu k th ngn hn th phi tun theo.
5.2.3 Phi tin hnh th thu lc cm vi bnh cha chy c trang b lng
phun c kho ng cui vi. Chu k cng ging chu k quy nh i vi bnh cha
chy lp vi phun .
5.3 p sut th
5.3.1 Tt c bnh cha chy, chai kh y v chai khi nit s dng vi xe y
cha chy phi th p sut th do ngi sn xut quy nh.
5.3.2 Cm vi cha chy cc bon dioxit phi th 10 MPa (xem 5.2.3).
5.3.3 Cm vi tr loi ccbon dioxit phi th 2 MPa hoc p sut lm vic
ca chng nu cao hn (xem 5.2.3)
Ph lc A (Quy nh)
NGI C QUYN
A.1 Quy nh chung
Ph lc ny a ra cch xc nh v m bo quyn ca ngi tin hnh vic
bo dng bnh cha chy. Cc phng php xen k c th c xem xt t c
thm quyn tho mn.
A.2 Vic o to v kinh nghim ca ngi c quyn
A.2.1 Ngi c quyn phi c o to t nht 3thng cng vic ang lm
hoc kinh nghim thc t v tham gia vo kho o to. Thi gian ca kho o to t
nht l 32h.
Ngi c quyn phi thi t kt qu cui kho hc. K thi c t chc c
lp do c quan c thm quyn ch nh thc hin.
A.2.2 Kho o to do ngi sn xut hoc cc t chc nng lc v c
cng nhn thc hin.
A.2.3 Ngi c quyn phi tham gia o to li nh k t nht 5 nm.
Ph lc B (Quy nh)
TH P SUT R R
B.1 Quy nh chung
Ph lc ny a ra phng php th p sut r r ca bnh chu p lc cha
chy. Trong khi khng loi tr kh nng s dng cc quy trnh tng ng, phi
xem xt k lng cc phng php c la chn di gc ca s nguy him vn
c.
B.2 Thit b th
B.2.1 Th p sut r r bng thu lc
Cnh bo: Nu khng kh hoc kh c s dng nh mi cht duy nht th
p lc, hoc nu ton b khng kh khng b ui ht khi bnh trc khi th thu
lc, cc bnh cha chy b loi s rt nguy him v c sc n mnh.
B.2.2 Cc thit b kim tra bnh p lc cao v chai kh y phi l loi o
nc t cc quy nh quc gia tng ng.
B.2.3 Cm vi phun ca bnh cha chy cc bon dioxit phi th thu lc trong
thit b c hp bo v.
B.2.4 Thit b dng cho th p sut thp bao gm cc loi sau:
a/ Bm th thu lc, vn hnh bng tay hoc t ng, phi c kh nng to ra
p sut khng nh hn 150% p sut th, phi bao gm van kim tra v ph tng
thch hp;
b/ B mm gn vi bm th. Bm phi c trang b cc ph tng cn thit gn
vi tm ngn (ca bnh cha chy );
c/ Hp bo v hoc thanh chn bo v ngi, c thit k quan st bng
mt bnh cha chy ang th.
Hnh B.1 a ra hp th thu lc di ng, p sut thp c thit k bo v
ngi thc hin th trong khi hot ng. Thit b ny c s dng cho thu lc bnh
cha chy p sut thp. Thit b ny khng c s dng s dng th thu lc p
sut cao. Hp th khng c neo cht vo nn trong khi tin hnh th. Cc hp ny do
cc ngi sn xut kim loi ch to.
B.2.5 Phi c thit b sy tt c cc loi bnh cha chy khng phi loi gc
nc qua th thy lc.
B.3 Quy trnh th
B.3.1 Phi kim tra bn trong trc khi th thu lc
B.3.2 Th thu lc bnh p lc v chai kh y theo TCVN 6154:1996 v
TCVN 6166: 1996
B.3.3 Quy trnh th bnh p sut thp nh sau:
B.3.3.1 Tt c cc van, chi tit bn trong v cm vi phun cha chy phi c
tho ra v bnh l bnh rng.
Lu : i vi mt s bnh cha chy bng bt (s dng chai kh y), ngi ta
sn xut c th khuyn ngh khng phi tho cc chi tit bn trong.
B.3.3.2 Tt c cc loi bnh cha chy bng bt phi c du hiu x ht cc
cht cha chy bn trong bnh trc khi np nc.
B.3.3.3 Trn tt c cc bnh cha chy bng bt c chai kh y c khung
ngoi to p sut x, phi tho chai kh y (v mt s bnh cha chai kh y) v
nt bt thch hp gn vo l trn bnh ni tho ra.
B.3.3.4 Tt c cc xe y cha chy c trang b kho ngt u phun ra ca
vi phun phi c vi (ng b vi u ni vi nhng khng c lng phun) khi th
c tho ra v th ring.
Khi bo dng hoc th thu lc xe y cha chy c trang b b phn iu
khin, phi tch b iu khin hoc vi p sut thp khi thng cha cht cha chy.
B.3.3.5 tt c cc xe y cha chy bng bt c p sut nn trc tip, cm u
phi c tho v lp li trong hp th thch hp.
B.3.3.6 Khi ni vi ca bm thu lc bng b ni mm vi lng phun, b
cm vi phun, m th, hoc ph tng th nu thch hp. Trong trng hp xe y
cha chy, quy trnh v ph tng phi theo khuyn ngh ca ngi sn xut.
B.3.3.7 Khi t bnh cha chy v hp th bo v hoc trong trng hp i vi
xe y cha chy, t pha sau tm chn bo v trc khi nn p sut th.
B.3.3.8 Bt bm th cp nc vo bnh v np nc n nh ca vng m
bnh.
B.3.3.9 i vi bnh cha chy th c lp np bo v, np ny phi c vn
kn t t trong khi vic cp nc m. Khi tt c khng kh cn tn trong bnh c
ht ht v sau khi nc ni ln th np phi c vn kht hon ton.
B.3.3.11 Sau t p sut tc tng p sao cho p sut th t c trong
thi gian khng t hn 30s. Duy tr p sut th ny t nht 30s. Quan st trong thi
gian pht hin bt k s bin dng (mo m) hoc r r ca v bnh cha chy.
B.3.12 Nu khng pht hin s bin dng hoc r r v nu p sut th khng
gim, x p sut trong bnh cha chy. Bnh cha chy c xem l th thu lc t
yu cu.
B.3.3.13 Tt c cc du vt v hi m phi c loi b khi tt c cc bnh
dng bt v halon bng cch sy bnh. Nu s dng dng khng kh nng, nhit
bn trong bnh khng c vt qu 66oc.
B.3.3.14 Ch s hu phi ph hu tt c cc bnh kh thu lc khng t hoc
c ph hu theo ch dn ca h.
B.3.4 Quy trnh th cm vi cha chy phi th thu lc nh sau:
B.3.4.1 Phi tho lng phun khi cm vi cha chy m khng tho bt k b
ni vi no
B.3.4.2 i vi bnh dng bt, phi loi b ht bt.
B.3.4.3 Sau t cm vi cha chy vo thit b bo v#, m thit k cho php
quan st php th bng mt. Ngi tin hnh th cm vi cha chy phi gi khong
cch an ton vi vi c th.
B.3.4.4 Vi phi cha y nc trc khi th.
B.3.4.5 Sau t p sut tc tng p sut t ti p sut th trong thi
gian 1 p min. p sut th phi c duy tr trong 1 min. Quan st pht hin s
bin dng hoc r r.
B.3.4.6 Nu khng pht hin s bin dng v r r, hoc p sut th khng gim
hoc cc b ni khng di chuyn, th p sut c x b. Cm vi cha chy ny
c xem l th thu lc t yu cu.
B.3.4.7 Cm vi cha chy khi th thu lc t yu cu phi c lm kh hon
ton bn trong. Nu s dng nhit sy, nhit khng qu 660c.
B.3.4.8 Cm vi cha chy khng t khi th thu lc phi b ph hu.
B.4 Ghi bin bn th
B.4.1 Loi bnh p sut cao
i vi chai cha kh v chai cha kh y p sut cao t khi th thu lc,
phi ng nhn ghi thng, nm v s nhn bit ca thanh tra vin ln bnh theo quy
nh ca TCVN 6156:1996. Mt iu quan trng l ch ng nhn vai, nh, c
hoc chn (nu c trang b) bnh.
B.4.2 Loi bnh p sut thp
Thn bnh cha chy qua th thu lc phi c thng tin th c ghi trn tm
nhn bn vng. Tm nhn ny c gn ln bnh bng cng ngh khng nng. Tm
nhn ny t hu khi tho khi thn bnh cha chy. Tm nhn ny bao gm cc thng
tin sau:
- Thng, nm tin hnh th;
- p sut th;
- Tn ngi hoc c quan tin hnh th;
- Cm vi cha chy t yu cu khi th thu lc khng phi ghi bin bn th.
Kch thc tnh bng centimt
A. Bn v chi tit hp th
Ch thch:
1 Tm kho 10cm x 7,5 cm
2 Bn l phng
3 Cht gi
4 Li kim loi dn rng, phng,
dy 1,5cm, c 16-18
5 Khung 1,5 cm trn tt c cc cnh
6 Tm kho v cht gi
7 Tay xch
8 L vi
B. Bn v tng
Hnh B.1 - V d hp th thu lc xch tay p sut thp
Ph lc C (Quy nh)
BNH CHA CHY QU C
Cc loi bnh cha chy di y c coi l qu c v phi loi b:
a/ Loi axit natri ccbont;
b/ Loi bt ho hc;
c/ Loi clobrommetan hoc ccbon tetraclorua;
d/ Loi khng c np li dng qu 5 nm;
e/ Loi o (ngc)
f/ Loi bnh v ng hoc bron (k c bnh bm) c ni bng hn vy mm
hoc inh tn;
g/ Loi bnh thp c ni ghp bng inh tn;
h/ Cc loi bnh cha chy khc c c quan c thm quyn quy nh l khng
thch hp hoc khng an ton khi s dng.
Ph lc D(tham kho)
CC LOI MC NGUY HIM
Bng D.1 a ra v d tiu ch c bit la chn cc loi mc nguy him
(xem nh ngha trong TCVN 7435 -1)
Bng D.1
Loi mc nguy him
Thng s
Thp Trung bnh Cao
Chiu cao cng trnh n 25 Khng quy nh Trn 25
S lng ngi Di 15 T 15 n 250 Trn 250
Din tch b mt cng trnh (m
2
) Di 300 T 300 n 3000 Trn 3000
Kh d chy (lt) Di 500 T 500 n 3000 Trn 3000
Cht lng d chy (lt) Di 250 T 250 n 1000 Trn 1000
Cht lng chy c (lt) Di 500 T 1000 n 2000 Trn 2000