TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 5760:1993
H THNG CHA CHY - YU CU CHUNG V THIT K, LP T V S DNG
Fire extinguishing system - General requirements for design, installation and use
Tiu chun ny p dng thit k, lp t v s dng cc h thng cha chy c trang b cho cc
cng trnh (nh my, x nghip, kho tng, tr s, c quan, nh... )
1.Thut ng v nh ngha
1.1 H thng cha chy l tng hp cc thit b k thut chuyn dng, ng ng v cht cha chy
dng dp tt cc m chy.
1.2 H thng cha chy c nh l h thng cha chy c lp t c nh.
1.3 H thng cha chy bn c nh l h thng cha chy m mt phn ca h thng c lp t c
nh, phn cn li khi cha chy mi lp ni hon chnh.
1.4 H thng cha chy t ng l h thng cha chy c iu khin t ng khi xy ra chy.
1.5 H thng cha chy bng tay l h thng cha chy c iu khin bng tay.
1.6 H thng cha chy theo th tch l h thng cha chy to ra mi trng khng duy s chy trong
th tch cn cha chy.
1.7 H thng cha chy b mt l h thng cha chy c dng phun kn ln b mt cht chy.
1.8 H thng cha chy bng nc l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l nc.
1.9 H thng cha chy bng bt l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l bt.
1.10 H thng cha chy bng bt l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l bt.
1.11 H thng cha chy bng kh l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l kh.
1.12 H thng cha chy bng hi l h thng cha chy m cht dng dp chy l hi nc.
1.13 H thng cha chy sprinkler l h thng cha chy vi du phun kh lun ch thng trc,
u phun c m ra khi t ti nhit quy nh v ch cha chy cc b trn mt din tch nht nh.
1.14 H thng cha chy Drencher l h thng cha chy vi u phun h, khi c chy ton b din tch
pha di cc u phun c phun cht cha chy.
1.15 H thng cha chy vch tng l h thng cha chy c lp t trn tng bn trong cc
cng trnh.
1.16 B phn iu khin l cc thit b iu khin s hot ng ca h thng cha chy.
1.17 B phn cung ng d tr cht cha chy l cc thit b dng cha v truyn ti cht cha chy.
1.18 B phn phn b cht cha chy l tng hp cc thit b k thut dng phn chia, dn, chuyn
cht cha chy.
2. Phn loi m chy
2.1 Ph thuc vo trng thi cht chy v vt liu chy, m chy c phn thnh 4 loi : chy cht rn
k hiu l A, chy cht lng k hiu l B, chy cht kh k hiu l C v chy kim loi k hiu l D. Mi loi
cn c phn thnh nhm m bo hiu qu cao khi s dng h thng cha chy.
2.2 Loi v nhm m chy c quy nh trong bng 1.
Bng 1
K hiu lai m c tnh ca loi K hiu nhm c tnh ca nhm m chy
chy m chy m chy
 A Chy cht rn
B Chy cht lng
C Chy cc cht kh
(th d : Metan,
hyro, Propan...)
D Chy cc kim loi
2.3 Biu tng loi m chy gip cho ngi s dng cc thit b, dng c cha chy ph hp vi tng
loi m chy. Mi thit b, dng c cha chy phi c gn biu tng trn ng quy nh. Biu tng
loi m chy c quy nh bng 2.
A1 Chy cc cht rn vi qu trnh chy m (Th
d : g, giy, c kh, rm r, than, sn phm
dt)
A2 Chy cc cht rn nhng khng c qu trnh
chy m . (Th d : Cht do)
B1 Chy cht lng khng tan trong nc (Th d :
xng ete, nhin liu du m); chy cht rn ha
lng (th d : paraphin)
B2 Chy cc cht lng ha tan trong nc (th d :
ru, Metanol, glyxrin)
D1 Chy cc cht kim loi nh (Th d: nhm,
manh v hp kim ca chng)
D2 Chy kim loi kim v cc kim loi ng dng
khc (th d: natri, kali)
D3 Chy cc hp cht c cha kim loi (Th d:
cc hp cht hu c kim loi, hydrua kim loi)
Ch thch: i vi thit b, dng c cha c nhiu loi m chy khc nhau th phi c gn y
cc loi biu tng quy nh.
3. Yu cu v thit k
3.1 Khi thit k h thng cha chy phi cn c vo loi m chy, tnh cht nguy him chy v khi
lng cht chy c trong cng trnh v hiu qu cha chy ca cc h thng.
Hiu qu cha cc m chy khi thit k h thng cha chy xem bng 3.
Bng 3
Cht H thng Hiu qu khi cha cc loi m chy
cha
A B C D
chy
A1 A1 B1 B2 D1 D2 D3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Nc Vch tng Sprinkler + + - - -
Drencher
Bt Bt nh ++ + - - -
Bt nng Bt trung + ++ + - -
bnh
Kh CO2 - ++ + -
Bt Bt BC - ++ ++ -
 Bt ABCD + + -
Ch thch:
Du "++" - Rt hiu qu.
Du "+" - Cha chy thch hp.
Du "-" - Cha chy khng thch hp. Bt nh - Bt c bi s n cao.
Bt trung bnh - Bt c bi s n trung bnh
Bt nng - Bt c bi s n thp.
Bt BC - Bt dng cha cc m chy c k hiu B, C
Bt ABCD - Bt dng cha cc m chy c k hiu A, B, Cv D.
3.2 H thng cha chy c :
- B phn bo ng.
- B phn iu khin.
- B phn cung ng, d tr cht cha chy.
- B phn phn b cht cha chy v u phun, lng phun.
- B phn ng ng.
- B phn cung cp in.
cc h thng cha chy bng tay v bn c nh cho php gim bt tng b phn xt thy khng cn
thit c trong h thng.
3.3 Kh thit k h thng cha chy phi m bo lu lng cht cha chy. Lu lng cht cha chy
ph thuc vo loi cht cha chy, cht chy, din tch v th tch cn cha chy.
3.4 H thng cha chy phi m bo p lc a cht cha chy vo ni chy.
3.5 B phn cung ng d tr cht cha chy phi m bo hot ng thng xuyn v phi c lng
d tr ph hp vi tng loi h thng cha chy theo cc tiu chun TCVN 2622 : 1978 v TCVN 5307 :
1991.
3.6 B phn phn b cht cha chy, u phun v lng phun phi m bo ph kn cht cha chy ln
b mt cht chy, din tch cha chy v t l phn trm cn thit k khi cha chy th tch.
3.7 Phi s dng u phun, lng phun ph hp vi tng loi h thng cha chy.
3.8 B phn bo ng phi m bo hot ng bnh thng. Khi cha chy phi pht tn hiu bo ng.
3.9 B phn cung cp in phi m bo cung cp y nng lng cho h thng cha chy hot
ng. Phi c ngun cung cp in d phng kp thi thay th khi ngun chnh b ngt in.
3.10 Khi thit k h thng cha chy cho cng trnh cn phi c :
- Thuyt minh v kt cu v nguyn l hot ng ca h thng.
- Cc thng s k thut.
- Ti liu tnh v xc nh cc thng s k thut.
- Bn hng dn kim tra chc nng ca h thng v ti liu hng dn bo dng k thut.
- Cc bn v k thut.
3.11 Khi thit k h thng cha chy phi xem xt c im cu trc ca cng trnh m bo hiu qu
khi s dng.
3.12 Ch thit k h thng cha chy SPRINKLER cho cng trnh c chiu cao ca trn hoc mi t l0m
tr xung. Khong cch t u phun, lng phun n cht chy, vt chy phi m bo t 0,5m tr ln.
3.13 H thng cha chy DRENCHER c thit k cho cng trnh khng hn ch chiu cao ca trn
hoc mi. Khi thit k h thng cha chy DRENCHER cn phn chia tng vng trnh cha trn lan.
3.14 Khi thit k h thng cha chy bng bt, bng kh phi xem xt n kh nng thot kh tha nhm
gim p lc d trong cng trnh.
3.15 B phn cung ng d tr cht cha chy c thit k trong cng trnh hay ngoi tri ty thuc vo
iu kin c th ca cng trnh.
4. Yu cu v lp t
4.1 Ch c tin hnh lp t hoc thay i h thng cha chy theo h s thit k c c quan
phng chy cha chy ph duyt.
4.2 Khi lp t h thng cha chy, cc thit b phi m bo kn, bn nht l cc h thng cha
sn cht cha chy c p lc.
4.3 B phn cung ng, d tr cht cha chy t ngoi nh phi c mi che trnh ma nng.
4.4 Sau khi lp t hon chnh h thng cha chy phi tin hnh th nghim, nh gi cht lng v
cc thng s k thut ca h thng v phi c ghi vo bin bn nghim thu.
5. Yu cu v s dng.
5.1 Ch cho php a vo hot ng nhng h thng cha chy m bo cht lng v cc thng s k
thut theo thit k.
5.2 Mi h thng cha chy phi c s theo di ghi chp cc thng tin v h thng . S theo di do
ngi vn hnh bo qun v ghi chp.
5.3 H thng cha chy phi c nh k bo dng k thut theo hng dn ca ni ch to sn xut.
Trng hp sa cha, thay th khi c s c hoc hng hc cng phi thc hin ng theo hng dn.
5.4 Sau khi s dng h thng cha chy vo vic cha chy hoc thc tp, c quan qun l trc tip
phi nhanh chng thay th, sa cha nu thy cn thit.
5.5 Ngi vn hnh h thng cha chy phi c trnh hiu bit nht nh v chuyn phi nm c
quy trnh vn hnh theo bn hng dn ca ni ch to sn xut.
5.6 Ngi vn hnh lun phi thng xuyn kim tra kh nng sn sng cha chy ca h thng theo
ti liu hng dn ca ni ch to sn xut v cc ti liu c lin quan khc. Khi pht hin cc hng hc
phi bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim ca n v mnh bit khc phc.
5.7 Ngi bo dng k thut, sa cha hoc thay th tng b phn ca h thng cha phi c trnh
chuyn mn v phi c cp c thm quyn quyt nh.