Robert Richards Page 1 03/30/03

EMC Related Formulae

Log Linear Voltage
dBV to Volts
( ) ( ) 20 / 120
10

=
V dB
V

Volts to dBV ( ) 120 log 20 + = V V dB
dBV to Volts
( ) 20 /
10
dBV
V =
Volts to dBV ( ) V dBV log 20 =
dBV to dBV 120 + = dBV V dB
dBV to dBV 120 = V dB dBV
Log Linear Power
dBm to Watts
( ) ( ) 10 / 30
10

=
dBm
W
Watts to dBm 30 ) log( 10 + = W dBm
dBW to Watts
( ) 10 /
10
dBW
W =
Watts to dBW ) log( 10 W dBw =
dBW to dBm 30 + = dBW dBm
dBm to dBW 30 = dBm dBW
Log Linear Current
dBuA to uA
( ) 20 /
10
A dB
A

=
uA to dBuA ) log( 20 A A dB =
dBA to A
( ) 20 /
10
dBA
A =
A to dBA ) log( 20 A dBA =
dBuA to dBA 120 = A dB dBA
dBA to dBuA 120 + = dBA A dB
Log Linear Impedance
dB(ohms) to ohms
( ) 20 / ) (
10
ohms dB
Z =
ohms to dB(ohms) ( ) Z ohms dB log 20 ) ( =
Term Conversion
dBm to dBuV dBm Z v dB + + = ) log( 10 90
dBuV to dBm ) log( 10 90 Z V dB dBm =
dBuA to dBm 90 ) log( 10 + = Z A dB dBm
dBm to dBuA 90 ) log( 10 + = Z dBm A dB
dBuA to dBuV ) log( 20 Z A dB V dB + =
dBuV to dBuA ) log( 20 Z V dB A dB =
Volts to Amps & Watts
Z
V
A =
Z
V
W
2
=
Amps to Volts & Watts Z A V * = Z A W *
2
=
Watts to Volts & Amps Z W V * =
Z
W
A =
RF related, Field Strength & Power Density
dBuV/m to V/m
) 20 / ) 120 ) / (((
10 /

=
m V dB
m V

V/m to dBuV/m ( ) 120 / log 20 / + = m V m V dB
dBuv/m to dBmW/m2 8 . 115 /
2
/ = m V dB m dBm
dBmW/m2 to dBuV/m 8 . 115
2
/ / + = m dBm m V dB
dBuV/m to dBuA/m 5 . 51 / / = m V dB m A dB
dBuA/m to dBuV/m 5 . 51 / / + = m A dB m V dB
dBuA/m to dBpT 2 / + = m A dB dBpT
dBpT to dBuA/m 2 / = dBpT m A dB
W/m2 to V/m 377 * )
2
/ ( / m W m V =
V/m to W/m2
377
2
) / (
2
/
m V
m W =
wound coil Flux Density
) , ( 20
) )( ( 4
m radius
amps turns
T

=
uT to A/m
25 . 1
/
T
m A

=
A/m to uT ) / ( * 25 . 1 m A T =
Robert Richards Page 2 03/30/03
Antenna (Far Field)
Gain, dBi to numeric
) 10 / (
10
dBi
numeric
Gain =
Gain, numeric to dBi
) log( 10
numeric
Gain dBi =
Gain, dBi to Antenna Factor
79 . 29 ) log( 20 = dBi MHz AF
Antenna Factor to gain in dBi
79 . 29 ) log( 20 = AF MHz dBi
Field Strength given Watts, Numeric Gain, Distance in
meters
Meters
Gain watts
m V
numeric
* * 30
/ =
Field Strength given Watts, dBi gain, Distance in meters
Meters
watts
m V
dBi ) 10 / (
10 * * 30
/ =
Transmit Power needed, given desired V/m, Antenna
numeric gain, Distance in meters.
numeric
Gain
meters m V
watts
* 30
) * / (
2
=
Transmit Power needed, given V/m, Antenna dBi gain,
Distance in meters
) 10 / (
2
10 * 30
) * / (
dBi
meters m V
watts =
Amplitude Modulation
Peak power, given CW power and modulation %.(sine wave
AM)
2
)) 01 . 0 * % ( 1 ( Mod W W
CW peak
+ =
Average power, given CW power level and modulation %
(sine wave AM)
2
) ) 01 . 0 * % ( 2 ( *
2
Mod W
W
cw
avg
+
=
Average power, given peak power and modulation %
2
2
)) 01 . 0 * % ( 1 ( * 2
) ) 01 . 0 * % ( 2 ( *
Mod
Mod W
W
peak
avg
+
+
=
Current Probe
dB(ohm) to Zt (transfer impedance)
) 20 / ) ( (
10
ohm dB
t
Z =
Zt to dB(ohm)
) log( 20 ) (
t
Z ohm dB =
Conductance (Gt) in dB(s) to transfer impedance, (Zt) in
dB(ohms)
t
G
t
Z =
Transfer Impedance in Zt (dB(ohms)), to Conductance in Gt
(dB(s))
t
Z
t
G =
Power needed for BCI Probe (50), given voltage level into
50 load (V) and Probe Insertion Loss
L
I .
) 10 / )) 50 /
2
log( 10 ((
10
V
L
I
watts
+
=
Watts needed for 150 Ohm EM Clamp
) 10 / )) 150 /
2
log( 10 ((
10
V
L
I
watts
+
=
Conducted current level using current measuring probe
given probe factor in dB(ohm) and probe terminal voltage in
dBuv
) (ohm dB V dB A dB =
Conducted current level, given probe factor in Zt (ohms) and
terminal voltage in dBuv
) log( 20
t
Z V dB A dB =
dB calculations
Compute db delta (volts)

=
2
1
log 20
V
V
dB
Compute dB delta (amps)

=
2
1
log 20
A
A
dB
Compute dB delta (watts)

=
2
1
log 10
W
W
dB
compute new voltage w/ db delta

+
=
20
) log( 20 (
10
given
V dB
new
V
compute new wattage w/ db delta

+
=
10
) log( 10 (
10
given
W dB
new
W
Robert Richards Page 3 03/30/03
VSWR/reflection coefficient/return loss
VSWR given Fwd/Rev Power
fwd
rev
fwd
rev
P
P
P
P
VSWR

+
=
1
1
VSWR given reflection coefficient

+
=
1
1
VSWR
Reflection coefficient, , given Z1/Z2 ohms
2 1
2 1
Z Z
Z Z
+

=
Reflection coefficient, , given fwd/rev power
fwd
rev
P
P
=
Return Loss, given fwd/rev power

=
rev
fwd
P
P
dB RL log 10 ) (
Return Loss, given VSWR

=
1
1
log 20 ) (
VSWR
VSWR
dB RL
Return Loss, given reflection coefficient
) log( 20 ) ( = dB RL
Mismatch loss, given fwd/rev power

=
rev fwd
fwd
P P
P
dB ML log 10 ) (
Mismatch loss, given reflection coefficient
) 1 log( 10 ) (
2
= dB ML
Misc
Linear interpolation with log of freq
L L U
L U
L X
X X X
F F Log
F F Log
Value + = ) ( *
) / (
) / (
where FL = lower frequency
FU = Upper frequency
XL = Value at lower frequency
XU = Value at upper frequency
FX = Frequency of desired value
TEM Cell Power Needed
Z
Height V
Watts
2
) 5 . 0 * * (
=
where V = field strength in V/m
Z = TEM cell impedance in ohms