,

IS 6403:1981
( Reaffirmed 1997)
i
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DETERMINATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY
OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
( First Revision)
Si xth Repri nt FEBRUARY 1998
UK 624.151.5:624.131.52 :006.76
o COoyr;ghf 1981
BUREAU OF I NDI AN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
Gr 4
November 1981
G
I S 6403:1981
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DETERMINATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY
OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
( First Revision)
$
Foundati on
Chairman
PnoF DXNESH MOHAN
Members
DE R. IL BHAND~RI
Engi neeri ng Secti onal Commi ttee, BDC 43
Reprinting
Central Building Research Insti! ute ( CSIR ),
Roorkee
Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR )
Roorkec
CEXXF EN QXNEER Cal cutta Por t Trust, Calcutta
S rim S. GUHA ( .Mmrndt )
SHRI M. G. DLNDAVATE
The Concrete Association of India, Bombay
SIiRI N. C. DUGQAL ( Alfematc )
DB R. K. DA8 GUPTA Simplex concrete Piles ( India ) Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
ADDITIONAL CBIEr ENOINEEE ( Af@mat# )
SHIU A. G. DAETIDMZ I n personal capaci ty ( 5 Hungerfard Road, 121 Hunger-
ford Stwrt, Calcutta )
SERX V. C. DEBEPANDE The Pressure Piling Co ( I ) Pvt Ltd, Bombay
DIRECTOR ( CSMRS ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi
DLCPUTY131 RECTOB( CSMRS ) ( Afhrndt )
SHRI A. H. DIVANJI Asia Foundations and Construction Co Pvt Ltd,
Bombay
Srm~A. N. JANQLE ( Alternate)
DR JAIJDItUI NARAm Indian Gcotechnic Society, New Delhi
Prtor SWAMI SARAN ( Akmafc )
SHRI G. S. JLIN G. S. Jain & Associates, Roorkee
SHIt~ ASROX KUmAR JAIN ( Alt.rrrate )
JOINT DIRECTOR ( D ) National Buildings Organisatio,n, New Delbf
SHRI SUNIL BEEY ( Alternate )
JO~STM ~DIREOTOR REBEAXCH Ministry of Railways ( RDSO )
JOINT DIRTCCTOBRWIEAROE ( B & S ) ( Altwnatt )
( Con#inucd m Page 2 )
@ Zopyright 1981
BUREAU OF I NDI AN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Cop~ight Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
,
1
5.
Contlnutd Jrom piJAI~ I )
,i4tmbers
Represmlin~
I}R R. K. KArI1
Indian Irrstitutc of Tec}mokrgy, Bombay
-+Nc1]S. R. KIILKAR~r
M, N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
St(Rt S. ROY ( Altcnrate )
>I!lii O, P. MA LHOTRA
Public Works Department, Chandigarh Administr*-
-tion, Charv+!garh
-), IJtf,4 P. M~,rllust
Central Warchous,ng Corporation, New Dclhi
<,,,<! \. 1+, ,MATHCR Machcnzics Limited, Bombay
>IIEI ~. ~. D. k[UNSr
Engineers India Limited, New Delhi
St+N1 ,M. lYENo Ai2 ( Alternate )
]+11[, ohlBIR Sl~OK
lingincer-in-Chief s Branch, Army Headquarters,
New Delhi
MAJ H. K. BRUTANI ( A!t.rnate )
SIII~[ f{. K, PANTHAKY The Hindustan Construction Company Limited,
Bombay
SHrzI V. M. MLDQm ( Af(crnatc )
:iHR] M. R. PUXJA Ccmindia Co i.tri, Bombay
SR~l S. MUKIIRRJEE ( Afftrrratt )
S}{R] ~. E. V. ~A13HVAN The Braithwaite Burn & Jcswp Construction Co Ltd,
Calcutta
%I,i[ A. .A. IIAJw Vijayanagar Steel Plant ( St.rl Authority of India ),
New Delhi
p!c, >F (;,, P,4L~ANJAN
Clniv=rsityO( R.oorkee,Roorkee
Slit+[ 1. Y. !Y!:5BAFiAo Gammon India Limited, Bombay
>t{tt1S. A, RrJnul ( ,4/twmrtc )
\ u RTY. V. NArtASISS~A RACI Bok.ar~ka~~el Plant ( Steel Authority of India ),
!)11 \. V. S. RAO iNagadi Consultants Pvt Ltd, Nrw Delhi
siIni AHJUN RJJHSI~,; NANI Cement Corporation of India. New Delhi
SHR[ ~. S, SItIVA9TAVA ( Affernate )
1)R A. SAKGLTNAN College of Engineering, Guindy
S!{BL S. BOrIMtNATnAN ( Af/trrrate I
S,IRI K, R. SAXENA Public Works Department, Government of Andhra
Pradesh, Hydcrabad
I)R S. P SHRIVASTAVA [Jnitcd Technical Consultants Pvt Ltd, Ncw Delhi
r)~ R KAPUR ( ,4ffernafe )
S[{]{l .~. slVA. >UltU ?vLnistry of Shipping and Transport, New Delhi
>11Rr 1). V. SIKKA [ Aftwnate )
<.7r~[tl,N,rk:~ul~r3 ENGINEER Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
( DWIIJ NS )
EXECIITIVW I?NoIN1713R
DIVJTONS ) V ( Af/wnaft )
.HI{I hf D. TAMDEKAFt Bombay Port Trust, Bombay
[)R ,4. VA HADARAJAN Indian Institute of Technology, Ncw Delhi
[)({ R. KANIBAJ ( Alternate )
~Hi{l G. RAMAN, Director General, 1S1 ( Ex-ofi/io Member )
Director ( Civ Engg )
Secretnry
S~Rt K. M. MATIII-R
Deputy Dlrcc!or ( Civ Engg ), 1s1
( Confinad on page 16)
2
,
Indian Standard
I S 6403:1981
CODE OF PMCTICE FOR
DETERhf~ATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY
OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
( First Revision)
O. FOREWORD
0.1 Thi s I ndi an Standard ( Fi rst Revi si on ) was adopted by the I ndi an
Standards I nsti tuti on on 30 January 1981, after the draft fi nal i zed by the
Foundati on Engi neeri ng Secti onal Commi ttee had been approved by the
Civil Engineering Division Covncil.
0.2 The beari ng capaci ty of foundati ons i s needed for di mensi oni ng the
foundati on for any structure. Several methods are avai l abl e for the
determi nati on of beari ng capaci ty of shal l ow foundati ons anti thi s
standard gi ves some of the methods whi ch are commonl y used for the
purpose. Compari son of the resul ts shows that when each of the vari ous
methods i s appl i ed to di fferent probl ems no one method consi stentl y gi ves
hi gher or l ower val ues of al l owabl e beari ng pressure. The desi gner must
ther efor e r egar d the methods as ai ds to desi gn whi ch cannot repl ace the
cri ti cal r ol e of engi neeri ng judgement.
0.2.1 Thi s standard was fi rst publ i shed i n 1971. The pri nci pal modi -
fi cati ons made i n thi s revi si on are: (a) keepi ng i ts termi nol ogy i n l i ne wi th
that of other rel ated I ndi an Standards, (b) gi vi ng general i zed equati ons
for cal cul ati on of ul ti mate beari ng capaci ty, (c) i ncl udi ng cone penetra-
ti on methods and (d) del eti ng adjustment for fi ne sand and si l t.
0.3 For the purpose of <i rci di ng whether a parti cul ar requi rement of
thi s stmdard i s compl i ed wi th, the fi nal val ue, obser ved or cal cul ated,
expressi ng the resul t of a test or anai ysi s, shal l be rounded off i n
accordance wi th I S: 2-1960*. The number of si gni fi cant pl aces retai ned
i n the rounded off val ue shoul d be the same as that of the speci fi ed val ue
i n thi s standard.
GRules for rounding off numerical values ( reci$td ).
3
,
I
s
,.
I S 6403:1981
1. SCOPE
1.1 Thi s standard cover s the pr ocedur e for determi ni ng the ul ti mate
beari ng capaci ty and al l owabl e beari ng pressure of shal l ow foundati ons
based on shear and al l owabl e settl ement cri teri a.
2. TERMI NOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of thi s standard, the fol l owi ng defi ni ti ons shal l
appl y.
2.1 Tersrss Rel ati ng to Beari ng Capacity
2.1.1 Net Loadinx I ntensity The net l oadi ng i ntensi ty on the foundati on
is the gross inttnsity of loading minus the weight of displaced soil above
the foundation b:tse.
2.1.2 lrltimatc Bearing Capacity The i rl tensi ty of l oadi ng at the base
of the foundati on whi ch woul d cause si tear fai l ure of the soi l support.
2.1.3 Safe Braring Capacity
Maxirnunl intensity of l oadi ng that the
foundati on wi l l safel y car r y wi thout the ri sk of shear fai l ure of soi l
i rrespecti ve of any sert!ement that may occur .
2.1.4 Safe B~aring Preswre or Net Soil Pressurefor spectjird settlement -
The i i l tensi ty of )oadi ng that wi l l cause a permi ssi bl e settl ement or speci -
fi ed settl ement of the structure.
2.1.5 Allowable Bearin~ Capactty The net i ntensi ty of l oadi ng whi ch
the found ati {~rl wi l l car r y wi thout undergoi ng settl ement i n excess of r he
permi ssi bl e value for the structure under consi derati on but not exceedi ng
net safe beari ng capaci ty.
2.2 General Terms
2.2.1 Dmsip I ndex ( Relative Density ) The rati o of the di fference
between the voi d rati os of cohesi onl ess soi l i n the l oosest state and any
gi ven state to the di fference between i ts voi d rati os at the l oosest and
densest states.
2.2.2 Efective Surcharge at the Base Level of Foundation The i ntensi ty
of verti cal pressure at the base l evel of foundati on, computed assumi ng
total uni t wei ght for the porti on of soi l above the water tabl e and sub-
mer ged uni t wei ght for the porti on bel ow the water tabl e.
2.2.3 Footing A structure constructed i n bri ckwork, masonry or
concr ete under the base of a wal l or col umn for the purpose of di stri but-
i ng the l oad over a l arger area.
2.2.4 Foundation That part of a structure whi ch i s i n di rect contact
wi th soi l and transmi ts l oads i nto i t.
4
I S 6403:1981
2.2.5 Shallow Foundation A foundati on whose wi dth i s gr eater than
i ts depth. The sheari ng resi stance of the soi l i n the si des of the found-
ati on i s general l y negl ected.
3. SYMBOLS
3.1 For the purpose of thi s code and unl ess otherwi se defi ned i n the text,
the fol l owi ng l etter symbol s shal l have the meani ng i ndi cated agai nst
each:
A = Area of footi ng i n cms
A =
B
=
B =
b=
c=
q -
c%=
D1 =
Dw =
d=
dc, da, dy =
e=
en =
CL =
H=
ic, ia, i y =
Xa =
L
.
L =
N-
Effecti ve area of footi ng i n cmz
Wi dth of stri p footi ng, width of footi ng, si de
of square footi ng, di ameter of ci rcul ar foot-
i ng i n cm
Effecti ve wi dth of footi ng i n cm
Hal f of B
Cohesi on i n kgf/cms
Undrai ned cohesi on of the top l ayer i n
kgf/cm*
Undrai ned cohesi on of the l ower cl ay l ayer
i n kg f/cm3
Depth of foundati on i n cm
Depth to water tabl e i n cm
Depth of top cl ay l ayer wi th undrai ned
cohesi on Cl
Depth factors
Eccentri ci ty of l oadi ng i n cm
Eccentri ci ty of l oadi ng al ong the wi dth i n
cm
Eccentri ci ty of l oadi ng al ong the l ength i n
cm
Hori zontal component of l oadi ng i n kgf
I ncl i nati on factors
Depth factor ( vari es l i nearl y from 1 for
depth Dt = O to 133 for depth Dr = B )
Length of footi ng i n cm
Effecti ve l ength of footi ng i n cm
Cor r ected standard penetrati on val ue
X., ~., Na, .i Va, .Ny, Ny = Beari ng capaci ty factors
5
IS 6403:1981
N~ =- tan ( tr14 i - d]2 )
g = Effecti ve surcharge at the base l evel of
foundati on i n kgf/cms
qa e Net soi l pressure for a speci fi ed settl ement
of 25 mm i n kg f/cm*
90 =
Stati c cone penetrati on resi stance i n kgf/
Cms
qu = Net ul ti mate beari ng capaci ty
general shear fai l ure i n kgf/cmz
q~ = Net ul ti mate beari ng capaci ty
l ocal shear fai l ure i n kgf/cms
R u Rel ati ve densi ty of soi l
W = ~a~l ;ecti on factor for l ocati on
fc, $a, $y
= Shape factors
based on
based on
of water
a = I ncl i nati on of the l oad to the verti cal i n
degr ees
# == Angl e of sheari ng resi stance of soi l i n
degr ees
-f
= Bul k uni t wei ght of foundati on soi l kgf/cms
4. GENERAL
4.1 Suffi ci ent number of undi sturbed sampl es, about 40 to 100 mm i n
di ameter or mor e or bl ock sampl es shoul d be obtai ned, wher e possi bl e.
These samples are for the determi nati on of fi el d densi ty of soi l and
conducting tests for determining the relevant shear and consolidation
parameters of the soil. Tests on soils shouId be conducted in accordance
with relevant parts of IS : 2720*.
I
4.z Position and fluctuation of water table should be ascertained.
Reference may be made to 1S : 1892-1979t and 1S :2132-1972$ for
guidance regarding investigations and collection of data.
5. ULTIMATE NET BEARING CAPACITY
5.0 General Thr ee types of fai htre of soi l support beneath the
foundati ons have been recogni zed, dependi ng upon the deformati ons
associ ated wi th the l oad and the extent of devel opment of fai l ure surface.
..
*Me[hod. of test for soils.
Kbdc of practice for subsurface investigations for foundations ( ,fi,II r.oi~ion ).
~Code of practice for chin-walled tube sampling of soih ( fird rmision ).
6
IS 6403:1981
They are: a) general shear failure, b) local shear failure and c) punch-
ing shear. The choice of which method of analysis is best suited in a
given si tuati on i s di ffi cul t to make, because onl y l i mi ted test data are
avai l abl e on ful l sized tlxmdations to verify the reliability of the computed
bearing capacity. However, guidelines given in relevant clauses may be
used for gui dance. Wher ever possi bl e beari ng capaci ty cal cul ati ons
shal l be made on the basis of shear strengtk parameters # and c obtained
from appropriate shear tests [ sw IS :2720 ( Parts XI and XIII)*] or
from pl ate load test results as given in IS: M@N81t Oi from static
cone peuetratiou resistance ge obtained from static cone penetration test
as given i n I S : 4968( Part 111 )-1976$.
5.0.1 Effect of Eccentricity
a)
b)
Single Eccentricity If the load has an eccentricity e, with respect
to the centroid of the foundation in only one direction, then the
dimension of the footing in the direction of eccentricity ehall be
reduced by a length equal to 2 t. The modi%d dimension shall
be used i n the bearing capacity equation and m determining the
effective area of the footing in resisting the load.
Double fi centri ci ~ If the load has double eccentricity m and en )
wit h respect to the centroid of the footing then the effective
dimensions of the fating to be used in determining the bearing
capacity as well as in computing the effective area of the footing
i n resi sti ng the l oad shal l be determi ned as gi ven bel ow:
L=L-2u=
B=B-2e,
A =Lx B
5.1 Soils with Cohesion and Angle of Shemissg Reei statmce
5.1.1 The fol I owi ng formul z shal l be used for cal cul ati ng ul ti mate net
beari ng capaci ty i n the case of stri p footi ngs:
a) I n case of general shear fai l ure qa = cJVe + q ( .Na 1 ) +
+BY ~y
b) I n case of l ocal shear fai l ure ga = #c~e + g ( Na 1 ) -i -
j ByWy
The val ues of No, Nc, Na, Ng, WYand My may be obtained from
Table 1.
G Methods of testfor soi l s: Part X1 Determi nati on of shear strength parameters of
G speci roen tested i n unconsolidated undrained triaxiat comprcmion without the
mcuuremeot of pore water pressure, and Part XIII Di r ect shear test ( Jrrt rmi~n ).
tMcthod of load test on soils ( Jaond rwijwn 1.
$Method for subsurface sounding for soiix
Part I I I Stati c aone penetrati on test
(Jr$l rm,i on).
7
IS 6403: 1981
TABLE 1 BEARING CAPACITT FACTORS
( CLIIA$85.1. I )
BSARIHO CAFAOITY FAOTOBa
~. ..--.~
.. . .. -
Nc
(Dc~ees)
Nq NY
0 514 100 000
5 649
157 0,45
10 8.35 247 1,22
15 1098 394 2.65
20 14:83 640 5.39
25 2072 1066 1088
30 3014 1840 2240
35
4612 !W30 4803
40
75.31 6420 10941
45 13888 13488 271-76
50 266.89 31907 76F89
NOTIt
For obtaining valuet of Ne, Nq and Ny, calculate # - tan+
(0671 an+j. Read Nc, Nq, and NY. from the Tahlc eorrrspnnding to the value
of + 1nwcad Of + which are values of Nc, Nq, Ny respectively.
5.1.2 The ul ti mate net beari ng capaci ty obtai ned i n 5.1.1 for stri p
footi ng shal l be modi fi ed to take i nto
account, the shape of the footi ng,
i ncl i nati ori of l oadi ng, depth of embedment and effect of water tabl e.
The modi fi ed beari ng capaci ty formul a are gi ven as under:
a) [n case of general shear
}
= c,VC~edci c + g( .Ng 1 ) ~adai a
fai l ure qd + ~ BYNy~ydyiy W
b) I n case of l ocal shear ~ = #tNc I Cdci c + q( Na - 1 ) Jadai a
failure gd
~ + ~ ByNysydyi y W
5.1.2.1 Tbe shape factors shal l be as given in Tabl e 2.
%
O
ii)
iii)
iv)
TABLE 2 SHAPE FACTORS
sKAPlr Or ~ABE SHAPB FAOTOB
~.A.A
t
#c
$q
JY
Continuous strip I 00 I.00 100
Rcctanr,lc I +02 B/L l+ O2B/L 1-0-4 B/L
Square 13 I 2 08
Circle 13 1.2 06
Uie L?as the diameter in the bearing capacity formula.
5.1.2.2 The depth factors shal l be as under:
i i . ===1 + 0-2 Dt/B q~
dq=dy=l for~<l OO
dq = dy = 1 + 01 D1/B~~+ for ~ > 10
NOTIt The correction is to be applied only when back filIing is the wi th propar
compaction.
5.1.2.3 The i ncl i nati on factor shal l be as under:
C= =(-%J
=(l--;Y
5.1.2.4 E/J bct of water tabla
a) I f the water tabl e .i s l i kel y to permanentl y remai n at or bel ow a
depth of ( Dr + B ) beneath the ground l evel surroundi ng the
footi ng then W ==1.
b) I f the water table is located at a depth D! or l i kel y to ri se to the
base of the footi ng or above then the val ue of W shal l be taken
as 05.
c) I f the water tabl e i s l i kel y to permanentl y got l ocated at depth
D! < Dw < ( Dr -!- B ), then the val ue of W be obtai ned by
llnear interpolation.
5.2 Cohesi onl ess Soi l ( c = O ) The u] ti mate net beari ng capaci ty
shal l be cal cul ated as given in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.
5.2.1 Ba~cd on Relative Density The formukz given in %1.1 and 5.1.2
shall be used, together with relevant shear strength parameter.
5.2.1.1 The rel ati ve densi ty as gi ven i n Tabl e 3 shal l be used as
a guide to de[crrnine the method of anal ysi s.
TABLE 3 METHOD OF ANALYSIS BASED ON RELATJVE DENSITY
SL ILE.LATIVEDENSITY VOID CONDXT]ON M~TSSOD ox AX?ALYOIS
No. ( DEXa[TY IxTmE ) RATLO
i) C.:eater than 70 percent Less Deasc General shear
than
055
ii) Less than 20 pcrccnt Greater Lowe Local chear ( as well u
than
0.75
punching shear )
iii) 20 to 70 percent 055 to Medium Interpolate between
0.75 i) and ii)
9
I
IS 6403: 1981
5.2.2 Bated an S[andard Penetration Resistance Value The standard
:.
:.
penetrati on resi stance shal l be determi ned as per I S : 213! -1981 G at a
number of selected points at intervals of 75 cm i n the verti cal di recti on
c;r change of strata i f i t takes pl ace earl i er and the average val ue beneath
each point shal l be determi ned between the l evel of the base of the foot-
i ng and the de~th equal to 15 to 2 ti mes the wi dth of foundati on. I n
computi ng the average any i ndi vi dual val ue mor e than 50 per cent gr eater
than the average shal l be negl ected, but the val ues for al l l oose seams
shal l be i ncl uded.
5.2.2.1 The ul ti mate net beari ng capaci ty shal l be cal cul ated from
fo]l owi ng formul a ( cover i ng effect of other factors as menti oned
i n 5.1.2 ):
gd=$(~q
1 ) ~Qdqia+ ~ByNyqdyiy W
Where # may be read from Fi g. 1, Ny, ,Vq may be read from
Tabl e 1, Sa, dQ, iq, syj dy, iy, and W may be obtai ned as i n 5.1.
5.2.3 Method Based on Static ConePenetration Test The stati c cone poi nt
resi stance gc shal l be determi ned as per I S : 4968 ( Part 111 )- 1976t at
number of sel ected poi nts at i nterval s of 10 to 15 cm. The obser ved
val ues shal l be cor r ected for the dead wei ght of soundi ng rods. Then
the average val ue at each one of the l ocati on shal l be determi ned between
the l evel of the base of the footi ng and the depth equal to 1~ to 2 ti mes
the wi dth of the footi ng. The average of the stati c cone poi nt resi stance
val ues shal l be determi ned for each one of the l ocati on and mi ni mum of
the average val ues shal l be used i n the desi gn. The ui ti mate beari ng
capaci ty of shal l ow stri p footi ngs on cohesi onl ess soi l deposi ts shal l be
determi ned from Fi g. 2.
[
5.3 Cohesi ve Soil ( when + = O)
5.3.1.1 The net ul ti mate beari ng capaci ty i mmedi atel y after cons-
t~i i ..tl (;,, on fai rl y saturated homogeneous cohesi ve soi l s shal l be cal cul ated
kmn fol l owi ng formul a:
qd = cNe SC dc i =
where
Afc == 514.
. ...- ...-
*fi te~ho~(u; sundard penetration test for soils (jrJ f rmijim ).
~kfet}i(,d for subsurface sounding for soilw
Part 111 Static cone penetration test
: firuxruriltin ).
. ,. .. ..
IS 6403:1981
I
.0
q
\
>0
N
o
m
o
u
_-
\
z
F-
-
-i
0
a
0
\
m
_____
0
- a
,1

~+
i
1
__.._]
I 1-
..+. -.. ~.
_
I
,
7
1
28 30 32 3fi 36 38 60 L2 bb (+6
ANGLE OF INTERNLL FRICTION, C$ (DEGREES)
u
u
z
;
i %
:
FI G. 1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ~ AND N
11
;.,
IS 6403: 1981
1
,
,.
8 tj c-m
FI G. 2 CHART FOR STATI C CONE TEST
The val ue c,f c shal l be rrbtai net! from unetrnfi l ]wl compressi ve
strength test. Al ternati vel y, i t can al so be de] i vecl from stal i c cone test
( JCg5.3.1.2). The values of JC, dc and i e ma:; be obtai nt+ as i t! 5.1 I f
the shear strength for a depth of ~i 3 beneath the founci ati ol l does not
depart from the average by more tl-san 50 percent, the average may be
used i n the cal cul ati on.
5.3.1.2 Al ternatel y, cohesi on c shal l be determi ned from the stati c
cone poi nt resi stance qe usi ng the empi ri cal rel ati cmshi p shown bel ow:
Soi l Typ Poini Resiltcmct Vahscs Rarrgt of Undraintd
( q. ) kgf/cm$, Cohesi on { kg f/cm: )
Normal l y consol \-
q. <20
dated cl ays
q,/:8 to gC/15
Over consol i dated
q. > 20
cl ays
5.3.2 Two Li r~ertd Sjstem
I n the case of two l ayered cohesi ve stri l
system ~hi ch do not exhi bi t marked ani sotropy the ul ti mate net beari ng
capaci ty of a stri p footi ng can be cal cul ated by usi ng the formul a gi ven
be[,~w:
qa - c1 N.
wher e N= may be obtai ned from Fi g. 3,
IS 6403:1981
5.3.3 Dcsi ccatcd Soi l
I n the case of desi ccated cohesi ve soi l s, the un-
drai ned cohesi on i s l i kel y to decr ease al ong wi th depth and i s l i kel y to
getstabi l i zed atsomedeptl l bel ow grrJl ]nd kvel , usual l y 35m, i f other
factors do not i nfl uence.
I f u pl ot of undrai ned cohesion, values as
shown i r] Fi g. 4 i s obtai ned, anti wher e the pressure bul b fal l s wi thi n the
desi ccated top soi l the ul ti mate net beari ng capaci ty shal l be obtai ned
f]om Tabl e 4.
c1
p
c,
.
u
:~. ;~~~/ f
+-
~____i ~ ~ i 1
,
;.
-- ~--..1 ---~--~-- ;n~o
!p. ~
1
i : ~P
...- . . .. <. ... . . ...!. .l . .
,,
1
. .. . . . .,
~ ,. ... L....-..
i - -~-;-
1
~/ ~
--- ~+--- +..;-.-.;-----~..-,
/ 06
.. ..-. , ..
/
6 -----i ---i --<--l - ---+-l - --::!i
l---:VET/ -TT--l---TT----!i
t
bflmttt--l
FI G. 3 BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS FOR LAYERED
COHESIVE SOIL DEPOSITS
13
IS 6403:1981
.
--
A- DECREASE IN COHESION, C
IN kgf/cm2 PER UNIT DEPTH OF
FOUNDATION SOIL IN cm
FXG. 4 BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS FOR DESICCATED COHESIVE SOIL
TABLE 4 DATA FOR DETERMINING ULTIMATE NET
BEARING CAPACITY
qd

c1
00
97
02
so
04
+5
06
40
08
!+6
10 32
A, c1 shal l be obtai ned from the borehol e data, and for a known value
of the wi dth of the stri p footi ng B, by tri al and er r or qa can be
8AB
esti mated by matchi ng
wi th -f$.
qd
6. ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY
6.1 The al l owabl e beari ng capaci ty shal l be taken as ei ther of the
fol l owi ng, whi chever i s l ess:
a) Net ul ti mate beari ng capacity as obtai ned i n 5 di vi ded by sui t-
abl e factor of safety, that i s, net safe beari ng capaci ty.
14
.,, -.. .
I S 6403: 1981
b; ~he net soi l pressure (~ec6.1.l ) that can bei mposedon the base
wi [t~out the settl ement exceedi ng the permi ssi bl e val ues as gi ven
i ri I S : 1904- 1978* to be determi ned for each structure and type
of soi l , that i s, safe beari ng pressure.
6.1.1 Safe Bearing Prersure The permi ssi bl e settl ements for di fferent
types of soi l formati ons are speci fi edi n I S : 1904- ~978*. The methods
for cal cul ati ons of settl ements for assumed pressure are speci fi ed i n
I S :8009 ( Part i )- 1976t; by cal cul ati ng the settl ements for two or thr ee
probabl e soi l pressures and i nterpol ati ng, the net soi l pressure for per -
mi ssi bl e settl ement may be esti mated.
*Code of practice for structural safety of buildings: Shallow foundation ( swofid
revision ).
tCode of practice for calculation of foundations: Part I Shallow foundations
subjcctcd to symmetrical static vertical loads.
15
I S 6403: 1981
( Continuedfrom )dgr 2 )
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*
AMENDMENTNO, 1 MAY 1984
TO
1S: 6403- 1981 CODE OF PRACTI CE FOR DETERMI NATI ON
OF BEARI NGCAPACI TYOF SHALL(WFOUNDATI ONS
(First /?0vi8ion)
Al terati ons
- - - - - .
(Page 10, eb8e S. 2, 2, I.aetaentince)
Substi tute the folloving for the exhtlng sentence:
In computing the value, any individual val ue mor e
than 50 per cent of the average cal cul ated shal l be
negl ected end average re-cal cul ated (the val ues for
al l l oose seams shal l however be i ncl uded). t
(Page 13, cliwe 5.3.3):
a) Mte 3 - Substi tute around* for usually
b) Lhe 6 -
Add the words wi th the assumpti on
Of cyl i ndri cal fai l ure surfacef after
obtained
(Page 13, Fig. 3)
- Substi tute c2/cl t for cl/c2.
(Page 14, Fig. 4, capt~m) - Substitute the
following for the existing caption:
Decreasing Cohesion vith Depth in Case of Kh?siccated
Cohesive Soil
(Page 14, Table 4 andctuaa 5.3.3) - Substitute
4AB for 6AEI
d
~
1
,
(Page 25, chuse Cl. 1, line 3) -
from standard penetration resistance
(Page 15, cl.uuee 6.1.1) -Add the
sentencein the end:
Add the words
after pressure.
follouing
TMs safe bearing pressure cm also be calculated
based on plate load test (See 1S: 1888- 1982s).
(Page 25, foot-note With * nmk) .-Add the
words of settlementafter calculation.
(Page 15, foot-note)
- Add the following additional
foot-note:
sMethodof load test on soi l s (secondZWV~8~~)t.
(73DC 43)