Appendix B

507
* Reprinted from a 1994 Elliott Company sales bulletin. The reference information contained herein is provided
as an assist to developing your application. However, Elliott reserves the right to modify the design or construc-
tion of the equipment described and to furnish it, as altered, without further reference to the illustrations or infor-
mation contained herein.
APPENDIX B
SHORTCUT CALCULATIONS AND
GRAPHICAL COMPRESSOR
SELECTION PROCEDURES
B.1 SELECTION GUIDE FOR ELLIOTT MULTISTAGE
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS*
A Practical Guide to Compressor Technology, Second Edition, By Heinz P. Bloch
Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
APPNB.qxd 7/29/06 2:33 PM Page 507
508 APPENDIX B
SHORTCUT CALCULATIONS AND SELECTION PROCEDURES 509
510 APPENDIX B
512 APPENDIX B
514 APPENDIX B
516 APPENDIX B
518 APPENDIX B
520 APPENDIX B
B.2 QUICK SELECTION METHODS FOR MULTISTAGE COMPRESSORS*
Among the many purely graphical methods of rapidly selecting multistage compressors is
one developed around 1965 by Don Hallock of the Elliott Company, Jeannette, Pa. To use
these charts, the following quantities must be known:
1. Wweight flow, in lb/min or scfm (standard ft
3
/min).
2. P
1
inlet pressure, in psia
3. R
p
pressure ratio (discharge psia/inlet psia)
4. t
1
inlet temp., in F
5. Mmole weight
6. Kratio of specific heats
Determine the Inlet cfm, Q1. If Wis known, use Fig. B.1, proceeding through P
1
, t
1
, and
Mto find Q
1
.
If scfm is known, use Fig. B.2, proceeding through P
1
, t
1
, and temperature standard to
find Q
1
.
Determine the Head H. On Fig. B.3, enter R
p
and proceed through K, t
1
, and Mas shown.
If head H exceeds 80,000 to 90,000, more than one compressor body will be required.
Determine the Number of Stages Required. On Fig. B.4, enter head Hand proceed through
Mto read the number of stages required. Round this off to the next-higher even number.
Determine the Speed and Size of the Machine. On Fig. B.5, enter Q
1
and read the maxi-
mum width in inches. Proceed to the stepped lines and read the rpm and flange sizes.
Proceed through the number of stages and read the length of the machine in inches. In the
example shown, the icfm is 45,000 and the gas is between propane and chlorine in mole
weight. The speed is shown to be 4000rpm and the flanges are 36 and 24 in. A slightly
higher flow requires 3500rpm and 42- and 30-in. flanges.
Determine the Horsepower Requirement. On Fig. B.6, enter W, proceed through Q
1
and
H, and read HP. If W is not known, work backward from Q
1
on Fig. B.1 to find W before
using Fig. B.6.
For uncooled, constant weight flow compression, such as alkylation, wet gas, recycle, or
air under 50 psia, the foregoing is sufficient to determine price, size, and driver require-
ment. For cooled or variable weight flow compression, proceed as follows:
Cooled Compression. Assume one cooler and two compression sections, each section
handling a pressure ratio equal to the square root of the overall pressure ratio.
Determine discharge temperature t

2
from Fig. B.7, proceeding through R
p
, Q
1
, K, and t
1
.
Assuming that this t

2
is satisfactory, proceed through all the figures for each of the
separate sections. Speed and width of the compressor will be dictated by the first sec-
tions. The total horsepower is the sum of the sections.
* Developed and contributed by Don Hallock, Elliott Company, Jeannette, Pa. Adapted by permission of HP and
the Elliott Company. Originally published in the October 1965 issue of Hydrocarbon Processing.
522 APPENDIX B
If one cooler does not depress t

2
sufficiently, or if still more horsepower saving is
desired, try two coolers or more. R
p
per section for a two-cooler three-section
arrangement is the cube root of the overall R
p
; for a three-cooler four-section arrange-
ment, it is the fourth root. Bear in mind that more than one set of cooler openings is
seldom available on a single compressor body. When more than one cooler is chosen,
therefore, more than one compressor body is likely to be required.
Considerable judgment is required in choosing the number of coolers to use. Once the
temperature limits are satisfied, the use of additional coolers becomes a matter of econom-
ics between compressor and cooler cost, and horsepower evaluation.
Variable Weight Flow. For applications having side flows either in or out, it is necessary
to consider each constant flow compression section separately. Mixture temperature to the
second section after the first inward side flow must be calculated by finding the discharge
FIGURE B.1 If the weight flow of gas Wis known, use this chart to find the inlet flow Q
1
(icfm).
temperature of the first section from Fig. B.7, multiplying by the first section weight flow,
adding in the product of the sidestream temperature and weight flow, and dividing by the
sum of the weight flows. With mixture t
1
, P
1
, W, M, and K known, the figures can now be
used for the second section, and so on through the machine.
Mand K of the sidestream will generally be the same or quite close to those of the inlet,
so mixture calculations for these quantities will normally be unnecessary. For extraction
side flows, the second section inlet conditions are the same as the first section discharge
conditions, except for W.
Normally, the first section will see the largest Q
1
, in which case the first section Q
1
will dictate the size and speed of the machine. An occasional refrigeration process, how-
ever, will show the second section Q
1
to be the largest. In this case, that Q
1
will dictate
machine size and speed.
To determine the number of stages required, add the stages for each compression section
and add in a blank stage for each large side load. It is impossible to give criteria for exactly
what constitutes a large side load, but experience has shown that a typical propylene unit
FIGURE B.2 If the scfm value is known, use this chart to find the inlet flow Q
1
(icfm).
524 APPENDIX B
FIGURE B.3 Enter this chart at R
p
, the pressure ratio (discharge/inlet, psia), to find the head H.
FIGURE B.4 Enter this chart with the H value on Fig. B.3 to find the number of stages required.
will require a blank stage for the first sideload only, whereas a typical ethylene machine
may require two blank stages. If the total number of stages, including blanks, exceeds nine,
a second machine will probably be required.
B.3 DELAVAL ENGINEERING GUIDE TO COMPRESSOR SELECTION*
FIGURE B.5 Enter this chart at the Q
1
value from Fig. B.1 or B.2 and find the speed, width, length,
and flange sizes.
* Reprinted by permission of IMO Industries, Inc., DeLaval Turbine Division, Trenton, N.J.
526
F
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FIGURE B.7 The discharge temperature can be found on this chart.
528 APPENDIX B
530 APPENDIX B
532 APPENDIX B
534 APPENDIX B
536 APPENDIX B
538 APPENDIX B
539
540 APPENDIX B
B.4 SHORTCUT (GRAPHICAL) METHOD OF DETERMINING
APPROXIMATE PERFORMANCE OF SULZER CENTRIFUGAL
COMPRESSORS*
The calculation procedures given in the following pages permit
To determine: Compressor size and type
Nominal diameter D (m)
Number of stages z
Power input P (kW)
Speed n (r/min)
Absolute discharge temperature T
2
(K)
Using: Mass flow m (kg/s)
Suction pressure p
1
(bar abs)
Absolute suction temperature T
1
(K)
Relative humidity
1
(%)
Discharge pressure p
2
(bar abs)
Molecular mass M(kg/kmol)
Isentropic exponent k
Compressibility factor Z
The following factors, symbols and indices are also used:
Actual suction volume flow V
1
(m
3
/s)
Absolute humidity x
Peripheral speed u (m/s)
Head (polytropic) h
p
(kJ/ kg)
Temperature difference
(T T
c
T
1
) T (K)
Intercooling power factor f
Indices Suction conditions 1
Discharge conditions 2
Dry t
Wet f
Polytropic p
per casing G
per group of stages
(between two coolings) S
Uncooled *
After cooling c
Total T
Number of casings i
Number of intercoolings j
How to Use the Diagrams A guide to the selection diagrams and two examples are given
in Table B.1, one with air in one casing, the other with gas in two casings.
* These graphical methods are intended for screening studies only. Contact the manufacturer for more definitive
layout and performance prediction.
542 APPENDIX B
544 APPENDIX B
546 APPENDIX B
548
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Appendix B

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507

Determine discharge temperature t

Assuming that this t

If one cooler does not depress t

Nominal diameter D (m)

APPNB.qxd 7/29/06 2:37 PM Page 549

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