Piping Stress Analysis

Overview
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What is Flexibility Analysis ?
E
Analytical Method to calculate Displacement & Stresses
E
Guidelines for lines connected to Critical Euipment
E
Fundamentals of !rimary & Secondary stresses
E
Sprin" Supports
E
#arious $oad Cases
Stress Analysis
E
Expansion %oints
E
Chec&in" Flexibility usin" 'omo"raphs
E
Fundamentals of (uried !ipe Analysis
E
Stress Analysis usin" CAESA)*++
E
Stress Analysis* )esponsibilities & Methodolo"y


Flexibility
,emperature
COLD
HO
T
Stress Analysis
Not Flexible
Flexible

E
What is Flexibility of the !ipin" System?
Ability to absorb thermal "ro-th of the pipin" system


Overview
E
What is Flexibility of the !ipin" System?
Stress Analysis
. !ipin" system shall be desi"ned to ha/e sufficient
flexibility to pre/ent pipe mo/ements from causin"
failure from o/erstress0 lea&a"e at 1oints or detrimental
distortion of connected euipment resultin" from
excessi/e thrusts and moments .
E
2o- to pro/ide Flexibility in the !ipin" system ?
(y chan"e in direction usin" (E'DS0 utilisin"
Expansion 1oints
Ability to absorb thermal "ro-th of the pipin" system
E
What code states about Flexibility in the !ipin" system ?
E
23W to conclude -hether system is Flexible or not ?


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Sustained 4!rimary5 Stresses 67 S2 or SC

!ipin" system* flexible and safe only IF follo-in" criteria are satisfied
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,hermal stresses 67 Allo-able Stress )an"e
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Flan"e $ea&a"e
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Max ,hermal Displacement* Axial 8 $ateral
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!ipe Sa""in"
-
'o99le $oadin"
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#essels and 2eat Exchan"ers
-
Support $oadin"
Criteria Comparison (asis
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Centrifu"al !umps
-
Centrifu"al Compressors
-
)eciprocatin" Compressors
-
Steam ,urbines
-
Air Cooled Exchan"ers
A'S+ ( :;<:
!ro1ect Desi"n (asis
!ro1ect Desi"n (asis
!ro1ect Desi"n (asis
!ro1ect Desi"n (asis
!ro1ect Desi"n (asis
A!+*=;>
A!+*=;?
A!+*=;@
A!+*==;
'EMA*A:
!ro1ect Desi"n (asis
Stress Analysis
Acceptability Criteria


Types o ST!"SS"S in t#e Piping Syste$

Pri$ary Stresses

Direct Shear and (endin" in nature

Caused due to*

+
Dead Wei"ht
+
+nternal !ressure
+
3ccasional $oad

!ipe

Fluid

!ipin" Component

Sno-8 +ce

Wind

Seismic $oad

!)# ,hrust

Secon%ary Stresses

(endin" 4cyclic5 in nature

Caused due to*

+
,hermal Expansion

Euipment

!ipin" System

Local Stresses

$ocalised (endin" and Shear in nature

Caused due to*

+
$ocal load li&e load on -elded lu" on pipe
Stress Analysis


Co%e Allowable ST!"SS"S

Pri$ary Stresses

Chec&in" Criteria

Secon%ary Stresses
-
+nduced Stresses 67 Sh or Sc
? 2o- to F+'D Sh and Sc
Sc 7 Allo-able Stress at amb<,emp<
Sh 7 Allo-able stress at ele/< ,emp<
,able A*; for Metallic !ipin"
,able B*; for 2i"h !ress !ipin"<

Chec&in" Criteria
-
+nduced Stresses 67 Sa
? 2o- to F+'D Sa
Sa 7 Allo-able Stress )an"e
)efer (:;<:
Sa 7 f x 4 ;<AC Sc D ><AC Sh 5
)efer
(:;<:
Stress Analysis


Stress !ange& Deinition
COLD
HOT
HOT OP"!ATIN' COLD COLD

As
+nstalled
3uter fibre*,ension

At Elbo- EE

,hermal exp<
+nner fibre* Compr<

(endin" stresses
diminishes due to
plastic deformations
Stresses )elaxed

At Elbo- EE
3uter fibre*Compr<

At Elbo- EE

,hermal contraction
+nner fibre* ,ension
Stress Loa%ing type & C(CLIC
Fail)re type & FATI'*"
Fail)re ti$e & N)$ber o Cycle
Stress Analysis
Concl)sion +


Allowable Stress !ange
Allo-able Stress )an"e 4 Sa5 7 4;<C x Sh5 D 4;<C x Sc5 7 ;<C 4 Sc DSh 5
Field Stress 4 Sy 5 7;<C x Allo-able ,ensile Stress 4 Sc or Sh5
!ro/ision of !rimary stresses 7 Sh
)educed allo-able 7 ;<AC 4 Sc D Sh5
,o account for simplification in calcn<
,o account for localised stresses
Allo-able Stress )an"e 4 Sa5 7 4;<AC Sc D ><AC Sh 5 x f
f 7 Stress reduction factor
7 ; For life cycle up to ?>>>
7 ><G For life cycle ?>>; H ;I>>>
7 ><@ For life cycle ;I>>; H AA>>>
7 ><? For life cycle AA>>; H IC>>>
7 ><= For life cycle IC>>; H ;>>>>>
7 ><C For life cycle ;>>>>; & o/er
Stress Analysis
COLD
HOT


Stress "val)ation
4
,emperature
COLD
HOT
$
7 x $
$inear Coef of thermal expn<
4 )ef< (:;<:0 ,able C*; 5
Stress 7 Strain x E
Foun" Modulus of Elasticity
4 )ef< (:;<:0 ,able C*= 5
Force 7 Stress x Area
7 I@ 4$5
A
S 8 E D
E D 8 I@ 4$5
A
S 7
Guided Cantile/er Method
Stress Analysis


Stress "val)ation&In , O)t Plan -en%ing. SIF
Mi
Mt
Mo
For sae %esign Se / 0 Sa
Sb 7 4 +i x Mi 5
A
D 4 +o x Mo 5
A
J
+i 7 S+F factor* +n !lane
+o 7 Sif factor* 3ut !lane
J 7 Sectional Modulus of Elasticity
7 :<;IA x 4 Do
:
* Di
:
5 8 :A
( :;<: ,able D*;
St 7 Mt 8 4 A x J 5
Se 7 Sb
A
D I x St
A
Stress Analysis


Si$pliie% $et#o% to c#ec1 piping syste$ lexibility
-asis & Co%e - 2342 para 2354643
COLD
HOT
*

L
D x
7 L & * 8
9
/ 0 :
I F Then Piping is Flexible
D 7 !ipe 3D 4 mm 5
7 )esultant Displacement 4 mm 5
$ 7 De/eloped $en"th 4 mtrs 5
K 7 Anchor Distance 4 mtrs 5
B 7 A>@<:
$imitations

3nly t-o point of fixation

'o chan"e in pipe si9e

'o intermediate restraint

Stress Analysis


Ot#er Met#o%s to c#ec1 t#e lexibility

*sing No$ograp#s

,o perform uic& flexibility chec&

,o estimate preliminary anchor loadin" for ci/il structural desi"n

2i"hly /ersatile application pro"ram

,o do preliminary exp<< loop si9in" on pipe rac& at early sta"e of the 1ob

,o re/ie- /isual analysis lines to a/oid expensi/e CAESA) analysis

)esults are acceptable to -orld -ide En"ineerin" companies

(ased on Finite Element Analysis Method

Stress Analysis

*sing Co$p)ter application & CA"SA!&II

Initial !eview

)e/ie- !ipin" Specification

)e/ie- !ipin" Study Dra-in" around critical euipment

+dentify critical ci/il structural reuirements

)e/ie- all applicable pro1ect standards

!repare !reliminary Stress Critical $ine $ist

Luic& chec& usin" Excel spreadsheet for !ipe Wall and (r< )einf< Calculation

)e/ie- !ipe*)ac& study layout* Establish preliminary exp<< loop location

Establish preliminary !ipe*rac& loadin" for structural desi"n

Detaile% !eview

+dentify CAESA) Stress Models* +nclude "roup of lines in sin"le model

!erform detailed stress analysis based on issued stress critical line list

Analyse /isual chec& lines usin" simplified manual techniues

Communicate -ith ci/il0 #essel and Mechanical "roups for loadin"

Final Approval

Free9e the stress model based on final isometrics

Documentation of +nput and 3utput )eports

Stress Analysis
'eneral ;or1ing Proce%)res


I%entiy Stress
Critical Lines&
Stress Critical Line
List
!eview
Stress
Iso$etric
!evise t#e
Piping st)%y ,
Iso$etric
Free<e
S)pporting
arrange$ent
Approve
t#e Stress
Iso$etric
No<<le
loa%ing ,
Civil Loa%ing
Acceptable +
+
(es
No
Stress Analysis
'eneral ;or1ing Proce%)res


!esponsibilities o Stress "ngineers

'ominated by Chief !ipin" En"ineer

)esponsible for all Stress and Support related acti/ities

Ensure -or& carried out per !rocedures and Desi"n (asis

Establish the Contract Desi"n Data and Desi"n !hilosophy

+ssue Stress and Support Desi"n 'ote

Establish Stress Critical $ine $ist

Stress Group !ro"ress )eportin"0 Man*hours allocation and

Forecast

)aise the Chan"e order to reflect additional -or&

Super/ise Stress and Support acti/ities

)e/ie- !ipin" Specification for !ipe -all thic&ness and (ranch Calc

%ob close*out report for stress and support "roup

Stress Analysis
C Stress Lea% "ngineer

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'ominated by Chief !ipin" En"ineer8$ead Stress En"ineer

Carry out Flexibility analysis

+dentify all the load cases to be considered in analysis

)e/ie- Study Dra-in" to ensure sufficient flexibility in critical pipin"

+dentify and re/ie- all critical pipin" supports

Summarise Euipment 'o99le $oadin" communicate to others

!erform flan"e lea&a"e calculation for hi"h pressure pipin"

Communicate critical support loadin" to Ci/il

!repare Sprin" Schedule8(ello- Specification for procurement

+dentify reuirement of reinforcement pad due to stress consideration

Decide on position of Fixed saddle of hori9ontal 2eat Exch<< and #essels

)e/ie- #endor data re"ardin" no99le loadin" etc<<

Documentation of Analysis )eports

Stress Analysis
!esponsibilities o Stress "ngineers
C Stress "ngineer

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SP!IN' S)pports

Sprin" 2an"ers8 supports

E
Why reuired ? ? ?

#ariable ,ype

Constant Force ,ype
E
,ypes of Sprin" supports
E
!rinciple of -or&in"
E
,erminolo"y

Cold $oad

2ot $oad

Sprin" )ate

,ra/el
E
+nstruction for Field +nstallations
E
,echnical Specification
Stress Analysis


"xpansion -ellows
E
Why to use ? ? ?
E
+nstruction for Field +nstallations
E
Why '3, to use ? ? ?

Metallic (ello-
E
Material of Construction

'on* Metallic 4 )ubber 8 Fabric 5

Axial
E
,ypes of Metallic (ello-s

Kni/ersal

,ied

S-in"

2in"ed

Gimbal

!ressure (alanced
E
Selection Criteria
E
,echnical Specification
Stress Analysis
E
(ac& ,hrust of Kn*tied bello-


Piping S)pports



Pipe S)pports
E
!urpose of Support
E
!ipe support +nstructions and Desi"n Guide
E
,ype of Supports
E
!ipe support Standard
E
!ipe Support * ,runnion Calculation
E
!ipe Support * Span ,able

Overview


P)rpose o Pipe s)pports

P)rpose
E
,o Support dead -ei"ht of !ipin" system
E
,o absorb -ind load and Seismic load
E
,o absorb #ibration in the !ipin" system
E
,o Suppress the 'oise le/el in the !ulsatin" !ipin" systems
E
,o ta&e Expansion load in the !ipin" system
E
,o absorb 2ydraulic ,hrust in the !ipin" system
E
,o Support the system durin" Shut do-n8 Maintenance Cond<
E
,o absorb the !ressure ,hrust of (ello-
E
,o minimise !ipe Sa""in"

Pipe S)pports


Types o Pipe s)pports

(ased on Functions
E
$oose or )estin" supports
E
$on"itudinal Guide Supports
E
,rans/erse Guide Supports
E
Anchor Supports
E
$imit Stops

Welded ,ype

'on* Welded ,ype

(ased on Construction
E
)i"id Support
E
Ad1ustable Supports
E
Elastic Supports

(olted ,ype

Welded ,ype

Constant ,ype

#ariable ,ype

Snubber ,ype

Pipe S)pports


Types o Pipe s)pports& Details
E
K*(olts and Clamps
E
Shoe
E
)od 2an"ers

Welded ,ype

Clamped ,ype

Secondary Supports
E
Attachment from Steel Structures
E
Attachment from )CC Structures
E
Attachment from Euipment

!rimary Supports
E
Attachment from Grades

3ther Supports
E
,runnion Supports
E
!,FE Slidin" Supports

Pipe S)pports