Chng11: DUNG DCH LONG

11.1 Chon cau ung. o tan cua cac chat trong nc tren thc
te thng c bieu dien bang:
a) So mol chat ien ly ran t tan tan toi a trong 1lt nc ieu
kien a cho
b) So gam chat tan trong 1000g nc ieu kien a cho
c) So gam chat ran t tan tan toi a trong 100g nc ieu kien
a cho
d) So gam chat tan tan toi a trong 100 ml nc ieu kien a cho
11.2 Chon phat bieu ung trong cac phat bieu sau:
a) o tan cua chat t tan AgI trong dung dch NaCl 0,1N phu thuoc
vao lc ion cua dung dch.
b) o tan cua cac chat cang tang khi nhiet o dung dch cang
tang.
c) o tan cua cac chat ch phu thuoc vao ban chat chat tan va
nhiet o.
d) o tan chat t tan se tang khi cho vao dung dch ion cung loai
vi mot trong so cac ion cua chat t tan o.
11.3 Chon ap an ung: Tnh the tch dung dch (lt) HCl 4M can
thiet e co the pha thanh 1lit dung dch HCl 0,5M.
a) 0,0125 l
b) 0,125 l
c) 0,875 l
d) 12,5 l
11.4 Chon ap an ung: Cho phan ng:
2KMnO4 + 5H2C2O4 + 3H2SO4 = 2MnSO4 + 10CO2 + K2SO4 + 8H2O
Tnh the tch dung dch KMnO4 0,2M can dung e pha che 1 lt dun g
dch KMnO4 0,1N
a) 200 ml
b) 400 ml
c) 50 ml
d) 100 ml
11.5 Chon ap an sai: Dung dch A co nong o phan tram a, nong
o mol CM, khoi lng rieng d (g/ml), phan t lng cua A la M, s la
o tan tnh theo g/100g H2O:
100s
100 s
10a d
c) C M =
M
a)

a=

b) s =
d) a =

100a
100 a

CM M
10d

11.6 Chon phat bieu ung:

1) Nong o phan t gam la so phan khoi lng (tnh theo n v
gam) cua chat tan hoac cua dung moi trong dung dch.
2) Khoi lng rieng cua mot chat la khoi lng (tnh bang gam)
cua 1 cm3 chat o.
3) Nong o molan cho biet so mol chat tan trong 1000g dung dch.
4) Can biet khoi lng rieng cua dung dch khi chuyen nong o %
thanh nong o phan t gam hoac nong o ng lng gam.
a) 1, 3
b) 2, 4
c) 1, 2, 4
d) 2, 3
11.7 Chon phat bieu ung .
a) Khi hoa tan mot chat A trong dung moi B, ap suat hi bao hoa
cua dung moi B giam.
b) Mot chat long luon soi nhiet o ma ap suat hi bao hoa
cua no bang 1 atm.
c) Nc luon luon soi 100oC.
d) Nc muoi soi nhiet o thap hn nc nguyen chat.
1

11.8 Chon phat bieu sai.

a) cung nhiet o T, ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung moi trong
dung dch nghch bien vi nong o chat tan.
b) o giam tng oi ap suat hi bao hoa cua dung moi trong
dung dch bang nong o phan mol cua chat tan.
c) Ap suat hi bao hoa cua mot dung dch long khong phu thuoc
vao nhiet o cua dung dch.
d) Nhiet o soi cua dung dch ong bien vi nong o molan cua
no.
11.9 Chon ap an ung:
Trong qua trnh soi cua dung dch loang cha chat tan khong bay
hi, nhiet o soi cua dung dch:
a) Khong oi
c) Tang dan
b) Giam xuong
d) Luc tang luc giam
11.10 Vi ai lng k trong cong thc nh luat Rault 2: T = kCm ,
phat bieu nao sau ay la chnh xac:
a) k la hang so ch phu thuoc vao ban chat dung moi.
b) k la hang so phu thuoc vao nong o chat tan, nhiet o va
ban chat dung moi.
c) k la hang so phu thuoc vao nhiet o va ban chat dung moi.
d) k la hang so phu thuoc vao ban chat chat tan va dung moi.
11.11 Chon phat bieu ung:
1) Ap suat tham thau cua dung dch co o ln bang ap suat
gay ra bi chat tan neu chat nay the kh l tng, chiem the
tch bang the tch cua dung dch va cung nhiet o vi nhiet
o cua dung dch.
2) Ap suat tham thau t le thuan vi nhiet o cua dung dch.
3) Ap suat tham thau cua mot dung dch ien li va khong ien li
cung nhiet o va cung nong o mol la khac nhau.
4) nh luat Vant Hoff (ve ap suat tham thau) ung cho moi dung
dch.
5) Ap suat tham thau tnh theo nong o ng lng gam cua dung
dch.
a) 1, 3 , 5
b) 1, 2 , 3
c) 1,2,3,4,5
d) 1,2,3,5
11.12 Chon phng an ung:
Hoa tan 5 gam moi chat C6H12O6, C12H22O11 va C3H5(OH)3 trong 500 gam
nc. Trong cac day sau, day nao xep cac chat tren theo nhiet
o soi cua dung dch tang dan: (cho 12C, 16O va 1H)
a) Khong sap c
c) C12H22O11 < C6H12O6 < C3H5(OH)3
b) C3H5(OH)3 < C6H12O6 < C12H22O11
d) C12H22O11 < C3H5(OH)3 < C6H12O6
11.13 Chon ap an ung :
Tnh ap suat hi bao hoa cua nc trong dung dch cha 5g chat
tan khong ien ly trong 100g nc nhiet o 25oC. Cho biet
nhiet o nay nc tinh khiet co ap suat hi bao hoa bang
23,76mmHg va khoi lng phan t chat tan bang 62,5g.
a) 23,4mmHg
c) 22,6mmHg
b) 0,34mmHg
d) 19,0mmHg
11.14 Chon ap an ung: Dung dch nc cua mot chat tan bay hi
khong ien li soi 105,2oC. Nong o molan cua dung dch nay la:
(hang so nghiem soi cua nc Ks = 0,52)
2

10
b) 1
c) 5
khong u d lieu e tnh
11.15 Chon phng an ung:
ap suat 1atm, nc nguyen chat soi 1000C. Hoi khi ap suat
moi trng xung quanh bang 2atm th nc soi nhiet o bao
nhieu? Coi nhiet hoa hi cua nc trong hai trng hp tren la
khong oi va bang 40,65kJ/mol. (R = 8,314J/mol.K)
a) 110,50C
b) 101,40C
c) 120,80C
d) 1050C
a)
d)

11.16 Chon phng an ung: 1 lt dung dch nc cha 2g chat tan

khong ien ly, khong bay hi co ap suat tham thau = 0,2 atm
250C. Hay tnh khoi lng mol cua chat o (cho R = 0,082 lt.atm/mol.K
= 8,314 J/mol.K = 1,987 cal/mol.K
a) 244
b) 20,5
c) 208
d) 592
g/mol
g/mol
g/mol
g/mol
Chng 12. DUNG DCH IEN LY
12.1 Chon nhan xet chnh xac. cung cac ieu kien , dung dch
ien li so vi dung dch phan t (chat tan khong bay hi) co:
a) Ap suat hi bao hoa cao hn, nhiet o soi cao hn.
b) Nhiet o ong ac cao hn, ap suat hi bao hoa cao hn.
c) Ap suat hi bao hoa thap hn, nhiet o soi cao hn.
d) Ap suat hi bao hoa thap hn, nhiet o ong ac cao hn.
12.2 Chon cau ung. Cho cac dung dch nc loang cua C6H12O6,
NaCl, MgCl2, Na3PO4. Biet chung co cung nong o molan va o
ien li cua cac muoi NaCl, MgCl2 va Na3PO4 eu bang 1. cung
ieu kien ap suat ngoai, nhiet o soi cua cac dung dch theo
day tren co ac iem:
a) Tang dan
c) Giam dan
b) Bang nhau
d) Khong co quy luat
12.3 Chon phng an ung:
Trat t sap xep nao cua cac dung dch 0,01M cua nhng chat cho
di ay la phu hp vi s giam dan ap suat tham thau (cac
muoi ien li hoan toan):
a) CH3COOH NaCl C6H12O6 c) CaCl2 - CH3COOH C6H12O6
CaCl2
NaCl
b) C6H12O6 - CH3COOH NaCl - CaCl2
d) CaCl2 NaCl CH3COOH
C6H12O6
12.4 Chon phng an ung:
Hoa tan 0,585 gam NaCl vao trong nc thanh 1 lt dung dch. Ap
suat tham thau cua dung dch nay 25oC co gia tr la:(Cho biet
MNaCl = 58,5 va R = 0,082 lit.atm/mol.K, NaCl trong dung dch c coi nh
ien ly hoan toan)
a) 0,244 atm
c) 0,041 atm
b) 0,488 atm
d) 0,0205 atm
12.5 Chon phat bieu sai.
1) Kha nang ien ly cua chat ien ly cang yeu khi tnh co cc
cua dung moi cang ln.
3

2) o ien ly cua moi dung dch chat ien ly manh luon bang 1
moi nong o.
3) o ien ly cua cac hp chat cong hoa tr co cc yeu va
khong phan cc gan bang khong.
4) o ien ly khong phu thuoc vao nhiet o va nong o cua
chat ien ly.
a) 1,2,3,4
b) 1,3
c) 1,2,4
d) 2,4
12.6 Chon phng an ung: Kha nang ien li thanh ion trong dung
dch nc xay ra cac hp chat co lien ket cong hoa tr
khong cc (1), cong hoa tr phan cc manh (2), ion (3), cong hoa
tr phan cc yeu (4) thay oi theo chieu:
a) (1) < (4) < (2) < (3)
c) (1) > (2) > (3) > (4)
b) (1) < (2) < (3) < (4)
d) (1) < (2) < 4) < (3)
12.7 Chon phng an ung:
Mot chat ien ly trung bnh 25oC co o ien ly bieu kien trong
dung dch nc la:
a) 0,03 < < 0,3 nong o dung dch bang 1 N
b) 0,03 < < 0,3 nong o dung dch bang 0,1M
c) 0,03 < < 0,3 nong o dung dch bang 1M
d) 0,03 < < 0,3 nong o dung dch bang 0,1 N
12.8 Chon phat bieu chnh xac:
1) o ien li () tang khi nong o cua chat ien li tang.
2) o ien li () khong the ln hn 1.
3) Trong a so trng hp, o ien li tang len khi nhiet o tang.
4) Chat ien li yeu la chat co < 0,03
a) 2, 3
c) 1, 2, 3
b) Tat ca eu ung
d) 3, 4
12.9 Chon phat bieu ung:
1) Khi hoa tan vao nc, ch cac hp chat ion mi b ien li.
2) Hang so ien li khong thay oi khi thay oi nong o dung dch.
3) Hang so ien li la ai lng phu thuoc vao ban chat chat
ien li, ban chat dung moi va nhiet o.
4) Hang so ien li la hang so can bang tuan theo nh luat tac
dung khoi lng Guldberg Waage.
a) 1, 2, 4
b) 1, 3, 4
c) 1, 2, 3, 4
d) 2, 3, 4
12.10 Chon ap an ung:
Cho 1 mol chat ien ly A3B vao nc th co 0,3 mol b ien ly ra ion,
vay he so ang trng i bang:
a) 3,4
c) 2,1
b) 1,9
d) Khong tnh c.
12.11 Chon ap an ung:
Hoa tan 155 mg mot baz hu c n chc (M = 31) vao 50ml nc,
dung dch thu c co pH = 10. Tnh o phan li cua baz nay (gia
s the tch dung dch khong oi khi pha loang) :
a) 5%
b) 1%
c) 0,1%
d) 0,5%
12.12 Chon ap an ung:
Hoa tan 1 mol KNO3 vao 1 lt nc, nhiet o ong ac cua dung
dch thap hn nhiet o ong ac cua nc la 3,01oC cung ap
4

suat. Hang so nghiem ong cua nc la 1,86.o/mol. Vay o

ien li bieu kien cua KNO3 trong dung dch tren la:
a) 61,8%
b) 52,0%
c) 5,2%
d) 6,2%
12.13 Chon ap so chnh xac nhat.
Trong dung dch HF 0,1M 250C co 8% HF b ion hoa. Hoi hang so
ien li cua HF nhiet o nay bang bao nhieu?
a) 7,0.10-2
b) 6,4.10-2
c) 7,0.10-4
d) 6,4.10-4
12.14 Chon phng an ung:
Nhiet o soi cua dung dch BaCl2 co nong o molan Cm = 0,159m la
100,208oC. o ien ly bieu kien cua BaCl2 trong dung dch nc la:
(cho hang so nghiem soi cua nc la 0,52)
a) 2,5
c) 0,76
b) 1
d) ket qua khac
12.15 Chon phng an ung:
Hang so can bang cua phan ng:
2NaH2PO4(dd) + 3Ca(CH3COO)2(dd) Ca3(PO4)2(r) + 2NaCH3COO(dd) +
4CH3COOH(dd)
c tnh theo cong thc:
K a ( H PO ) .K a ( H PO )
K a22 ( H3PO 4 ) .K a23 ( H3PO 4 )
c) K cb =
a) K cb =
TCa ( PO ) .K CH COOH
T
.K 4
2

Ca 3 ( PO 4 ) 2

b)

K cb =

CH 3COOH

4
TCa 3 ( PO 4 ) 2 .K CH
3COOH

d)

K a22 ( H 3PO 4 ) .K a23 ( H3PO 4 )

K cb =

4 2

TCa 3 ( PO 4 ) 2 .K CH 3COOH
K a 2 ( H 3PO 4 ) .K a 3 ( H 3PO 4 )

12.16 Chon nhan xet ung:

Cho phan ng : AgBr(r) + NaCl (dd) = AgCl(r) + NaBr(dd)
1) Phan ng xay ra hoan toan theo chieu thuan.
2) Phan ng thuan nghch v G 0298 cua phan ng nam trong
khoang 40kJ en +40 kJ.
3) Co the coi AgBr thc te khong tan trong dung dch NaCl v ty le
[Br-]/[Cl-] khi can bang qua nho.
4) Phan ng ch xay ra theo chieu nghch.
Cho biet pT cua AgCl va AgBr lan lt la 9,75 va 12,28
a) 2
b) 3, 4
c) 1
d) 4
12.17 Chon phng an ung:
Cho phan ng trao oi ion:
NH4Cl(dd) + Na2S(dd) + H2O = NH4OH(dd) + NaHS(dd) + NaCl(dd)
(Cho biet hang so ien ly th hai cua H2S KA2 = 1.10-12,89, hang so
ien ly cua NH4OH KB = 1.10-4,76 va tch so ion cua nc Kn = 1.10-14)
Hang so can bang cua phan ng tren bang:
a) 1.10-3.65
c) 1.103,65
22,13
b) 1.10
d) ap so khac
12.18 Chon phng an ung:
Cho 3 dung dch nc BaCl2, Na2CO3 va NaCl va nc nguyen chat.
BaCO3 tan nhieu hn ca trong:
a) Dung dch BaCl2
c) Dung dch Na2CO3
b) Dung dch NaCl
d) H2O
Chng 13. CAN BANG ION CUA AXIT - BAZ
5

13.1 Chon phat bieu ung:

1) Baz lien hp cua mot axit manh la mot baz yeu va ngc lai.
2) oi vi cap axit-baz lien hp HPO 24 / PO 34 trong dung moi nc ta
co: K a Kb = Kn, trong o Kn la tch so ion cua nc.
3) Hang so ien li Kb cua NH3 trong dung dch nc la 1,8 10-5, suy
ra Ka cua NH4+ la 5,62 10-10.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 1,2,3
d) 3
13.2 Chon phat bieu ung:
Da vao ai lc proton cua cac dung moi NH3 va HCl cho biet ru
the hien tnh chat g trong dung moi o:
a) Tnh baz trong ca 2 dung moi.
b) Tnh baz trong HCl, tnh axit trong NH3.
c) Tnh baz trong NH3, tnh axit trong HCl.
d) Tnh axit trong ca 2 dung moi.
13.3 Chon phat bieu ung:
Biet cac hang so axit trong dung dch nc Ka (HCN) = 6,210-10 ; Ka
(HNO2) = 410-4
Trong so cac baz Bronsted CN- ; OH- ; NO2- baz nao manh nhat trong
dung dch nc?
a) OHc) NO2b) CN
d) Khong xac nh c
13.4 Chon phat bieu ung:
1) Axit cang yeu th pKa cang ln.
2) Dung dch mot baz yeu co pH cang nho khi pKb cua no cang
ln.
3) Baz cang manh khi pKb cang ln
4) Gia pKa va pKb cua cac dang axit va baz cua H2PO4- co pKa +
pKb = 14
a) 2,3
b) 1,2
c) 1,3,4
d) 1,2,4
13.5 Chon phat bieu ung va ay u nhat. Cac chat lng tnh
theo thuyet proton (thuyet bronsted) trong cac chat sau:
NH +4 , CO 32 , HCO 3, H 2 O, CH 3COOH la:
a)

CO 32 , HCO 3

b)

HCO 3, H 2O

d) HCO 3 , H 2 O, CH 3COOH
NH +4 , H 2O
13.6 Chon ap an ung:
Cho cac chat sau: CH3COOH , H2PO4-, NH4+ , theo thuyet proton, cac
cap axit baz lien hp xuat phat t chung la:
a) CH3COOH2+/CH3COOH; CH3COOH/CH3COO-; H3PO4/H2PO4- ; H2PO4-/PO43- ; NH4+/NH3;
b) CH3COOH2+/CH3COO-; CH3COOH/CH3COO-; H3PO4/H2PO4- ; H2PO4-/HPO42- ; NH4+/NH3;
c) CH3COOH2+/CH3COOH; CH3COOH/CH3COO-; H3PO4/H2PO4- ; H2PO4-/HPO42-; NH4+/NH3;
d) CH3COOH2+/CH3COOH; CH3COOH/CH3COO-; H3PO4/H2PO4- ; H2PO4-/HPO42- ;
NH52+/NH4+
13.7 Chon trng hp ung va ay u nhat.
Theo thuyet proton (thuyet Bronsted) trong cac chat sau:

c)

Na +, Mn 2+, Fe 2+ (dd ), NH +4 , CO 32, HCO 3, H 2O, HCl

a) Cac chat lng tnh: HCO 3, H 2O .

Cac chat trung tnh: Na +, Mn 2 +, Fe 2 +(dd )
6

b) Cac chat lng tnh: NH +4 , H 2O, HCl .

Cac chat trung tnh: Na +, Mn 2 +, Fe 2 +(dd )
c) Cac chat lng tnh: HCO 3, H 2O .
Cac chat trung tnh: Na +, Mn 2 +
d) Cac chat lng tnh: HCO3, H 2 O, HCl .
Cac chat trung tnh: Na + , Mn 2+
13.8 Chon phng an ung :
Khi hoa tan H3PO4 vao nc, trong dung dch se ton tai cac ion va
tieu phan H3PO4, H+; HPO42-; H2PO4-; PO43- Cac tieu phan nay c
sap xep theo th t nong o tang dan nh sau:
a) H3PO4 <H+ < PO43- < HPO42- < H2PO4b) H3PO4 <H+ < H2PO4- < HPO42- < PO43c) PO43- < HPO42- < H2PO4- < H+< H3PO4
d) H+ < H2PO4- < HPO42- < PO43-< H3PO4
13.9 Chon phng an ung: So lng ion H+ cha trong 1 lt dung dch
co pOH = 13 la:
a) 6,023.10
b) 6,023.10
c) 6,023.10
d) 6,023.10
10

22

23

13

13.10 Chon phng an ung: Sap cac dung dch co cung nong o
mol cua cac chat sau ay theo th t pH tang dan: H2SO4, H3PO4,
HClO4, NaHCO3. (khong can tnh cu the gia tr cua pH).
a) H2SO4 < HClO4 < H3PO4 <
c) H2SO4 = HClO4 < H3PO4 <
NaHCO3
NaHCO3
b) NaHCO3 < H3PO4 < HClO4 =
d) H3PO4 < H2SO4 < HClO4 <
H2SO4
NaHCO3
13.11 Chon phng an ung: Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1N co o ien ly
= 0,01. Suy ra dung dch axit a cho co o pH bang:
a) 13
c) 11
b) 1
d) 3
Chng 14. CAN BANG ION CUA CHAT IEN LY KHO TAN
14.1 Chon phng an ung va ay u nhat.
o tan cua chat ien li t tan trong nc nhiet o nhat nh
tang len khi them ion la co the la do:
1) Lc ion cua dung dch tang len lam giam he so hoat o
2) Ion la tao ket tua vi mot loai ion cua chat ien li o.
3) Ion la tao chat t ien li vi mot loai ion cua chat ien li t tan
o.
4) Ion la tao chat bay hi vi mot loai ion cua chat ien ly t tan o
a) 3 & 4
c) 1, 2, 3 & 4
b) 2, 3 & 4
d) 1
14.2 Chon phng an ung:
So sanh o tan trong nc (S) cua Ag2CrO4 vi CuI cung nhiet o
, biet chung la chat t tan va co tch so tan bang nhau:
a) S Ag CrO = S CuI
c) S Ag CrO < S CuI
2

b) S Ag 2 CrO 4 > S CuI

d) S Ag 2CrO 4 << S CuI

14.3 Chon so sanh ung: Cho biet tch so tan cua Ag2CrO4 va CuI
bang nhau (T = 110-11,96 ).
7

So sanh nong o cac ion :

2
2
a) [Ag+] > [ CrO 4 ] > [Cu+] =
c) [Ag+] > [ CrO 4 ] = [Cu+] = [I-]
2
[I-]
d) [Ag+] > [ CrO 4 ] < [Cu+] = [I-]
2
b) [Ag+] = [ CrO 4 ] > [Cu+] = [I-]
14.4 Chon phng an ung: Cho biet o tan trong nc cua Pb(IO3)2
la 410-5 mol/l 250C. Hay tnh tch so tan cua Pb(IO3)2 nhiet o
tren:
a) 1,610-9
b) 3,210-9
c) 6,410-14
d) 2,561013

14.5 Chon phng an ung:

Tron 50 ml dung dch Ca(NO3)2 1.10-4 M vi 50 ml dung dch SbF3 2.10-4M.
Tnh tch [Ca2+][F-]2. CaF2 co ket tua hay khong, biet tch so tan cua
CaF2 T = 1.10-10,4.
a) 1.10-11,34, khong co ket
c) 1.10-9,84 , co ket tua.
tua
d) 1.10-80, khong co ket tua
b) 1.10-10,74 , khong co ket
tua
14.6 Chon ap an ung.
Cho biet pT cua BaSO4 va SrSO4 lan lt bang 9,97 va 6,49.
Nho tng giot dung dch (NH4)2SO4 0,1M vao 1 lt dung dch cha
0,0001 ion gam Ba2+ va 1 ion gam Sr2+ th:
a) Ket tua SrSO4 xuat hien
c) Ca 2 ket tua xuat hien
trc.
ong thi.
b) Ket tua BaSO4 xuat hien
d) Khong tao thanh ket tua.
trc.
14.7 Chon phng an ung:
Tch so tan cua Cu(OH)2 bang 2.10-20.. Them dan NaOH vao dung dch
muoi Cu(NO3)2 0,02M cho ti khi ket tua Cu(OH)2 xuat hien. Vay,
gia tr pH ma khi vt qua no th ket tua bat au xuat hien la:
a) 9
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
14.8 Chon phng an ung:
Tnh nong o Pb2+ bao hoa trong dung dch KI 0,1M. Biet tch so tan
cua PbI2 bang 1,410-8
a) 1,410-5
b) 2,410-3
c) 1,210-4
d) 1,410-6
14.9 Chon trng hp ung:
Cho biet tch so tan cua AgI 250C la 1016.
1) o tan cua AgI trong nc nguyen chat la 108 mol/l.
2) o tan cua AgI trong dung dch KI 0,1M giam i 107 lan so vi trong
nc nguyen chat.
3) o tan cua AgI trong nc se nhieu hn trong dung dch NaCl 0,1M.
4) o tan cua AgI trong dung moi benzen se ln hn trong dung moi
nc.
a) 1,3
b) 2,4
c) 1,3,4
d) 1,2
14.10 Chon cac cau sai:
1) Mot chat t tan se ket tua khi tch so nong o cac ion cua no
(vi so mu bang so nguyen t trong cong thc phan t cua
no) bang ung tch so tan.

2) Co the lam tan mot chat ran t tan bang cach a vao dung
dch mot loai ion co the tao vi ion cua chat t tan o mot chat
ran t tan hoac t ien ly khac.
3) Cac baz co hang so ien li nho hn 1.10-7 khong the ton tai
vi mot lng ang ke di dang phan t trong dung dch co
mat axit manh.
4) Dung dch nc cua cac muoi tao thanh t axit va baz co o
manh tng tng nhau luon trung tnh.
a) 1, 3 , 4
b) 1, 3
c) 1, 2 , 4
d) 3 , 4
Chng 15. PHAN NG TRAO OI ION VA CAN BANG THUY PHAN ,
CAN BANG TRUNG HOA
15.1 Ba dung dch cua cung mot chat tan NaCN co nong o C1 < C2
< C3 . Dung dch co o thuy phan h nho nhat la:
a) Ca ba dung dch co cung
c) Dung dch nong o C3.
o thuy phan.
d) Dung dch nong o C1.
b) Dung dch nong o C2.
15.2 Chon cau sai. o thuy phan cua mot muoi bat ky se cang
ln khi:
a) Dung dch cang loang.
b) Muoi o co hang so thuy phan cang ln.
c) Axit va baz tao thanh no cang yeu.
d) Nhiet o cang cao.
15.3 Chon phng an ung:
S thuy phan khong xay ra oi vi cac muoi tao thanh t :
a) acid yeu va baz manh
c) acid yeu va baz yeu
b) acid manh va baz yeu
d) acid manh va baz manh
15.4 Chon cau sai. o thuy phan cua mot muoi cang ln khi:
a) Dung dch cang ac.
b) Axit tao thanh no co hang so ien ly cang nho.
c) Hang so thuy phan cang ln.
d) Baz tao thanh no cang yeu.
15.5 Chon ap an ung :
4 , 75
4 , 75
3,17
9 , 21
Cho: K b ( NH 3 ) = 10
, K a ( HF ) = 10
, K a ( HCN ) = 10
, K a ( CH 3COOH ) = 10
.Trong
cac dung dch sau, dung dch nao co tnh baz:
1) Dung dch NH4F 0,1M
4) Dung dch Na3PO4 0,1M
2) Dung dch NH4CN 0,1M
5) Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M
9
3) Dung dch NaOH 10 M
a) 2,3
b) 2,4
c) 2,3,4
d) 1,2,3,4,5
15.6 Chon phng an ung .
Xet moi trng dung dch va ion tham gia thuy phan cua cac
muoi:
1) KNO3 : moi trng trung tnh, khong co ion b thuy phan.
2) NaClO4 : moi trng baz, anion b thuy phan.
3) NH4CH3COO: moi trng trung tnh, cation va anion eu b thuy
phan.
4) Fe2(SO4)3 : moi trng trung tnh, khong co ion b thuy phan.
a) 1 , 2 & 3
b) 1 & 2
c) 3 & 4
d) 1 , 3
15.7 Chon trng hp ung:
9

Ngi ta tron cac dung dch axit va baz theo ung ty le trung hoa.
oi vi cac cap axit va baz nao dui ay dung dch thu c co
moi trng trung tnh hoac coi nh trung tnh
1) KOH + HClO4
3) NH3 + CH3COOH
5) NaOH + NaHCO3
2) NaOH + HF
4)NH3 + HCl
6) Ba(OH)2 + HNO3
a) 1, 3, 6
b) 1, 3, 5
c) 1, 6
d) 1, 3, 5, 6
15.8 Chon cau ung. Nhng dung dch muoi nao sau ay b thuy
phan tao moi trng baz.
1) NaCN
3) FeCl3
5) CH3COONH4
2) NH4NO3
4) (NH4)2S
4 , 76
21
4 , 75
Cho biet: KHCN = 10-9,3; K NH 4OH = 10
; K H 2S = 1,57 10 ; K CH 3COOH = 10
a) 1,4,5
b) 2,3,5
c) 1,4
d) 1,2,5
15.9 Chon phng an ung:
Them thuoc th nao di ay vao dung dch FeCl3 se lam tang
hoac han che s thuy phan cua muoi:
1) Na2CO3
3)NH4NO3
5)NaCl
2) HCl
4) Ca(CH3COO)2
6) BaCl2
a) Lam tang: Na2CO3 ; Ca(CH3COO)2
Han che: NH4NO3 ; HCl
b) Lam tang: Na2CO3 ; Ca(CH3COO)2; BaCl2
Han che: NH4NO3 ; HCl
c) Lam tang: Na2CO3 ; Ca(CH3COO)2
Han che: NH4NO3 ; HCl ; BaCl2
d) Lam tang: Na2CO3
Han che: NH4NO3 ; HCl ; BaCl2
15.10 Chon phng an ung:
Hay can bang va viet phng trnh sau ay ve dang phng trnh
ion rut gon:
H2O(l) +KCN(dd) + [Cu(NH3)4]Cl2(dd) K2[Cu(CN)3](dd) + NH3(k) + KCN(dd)
+ NH4Cl(dd) + KCl(dd)
a) 2K+ + 3CN- + [Cu(NH3)4]Cl2 K2[Cu(CN)3] + 4NH3 + 2Cl+
b) H2O + 3K+ + 4CN- + [Cu(NH3)4]2+ K2[Cu(CN)3] + 2NH3 + KCN + 2 NH 4
c) 2H2O + 2K+ + 2CN- + Cu2+ + 4NH3 + 4Cl- Cu+ + 4NH4Cl + 2KCN
+
d) H2O + 7CN- + 2[Cu(NH3)4]2+ 2[Cu(CN)3]2- + 6NH3 + CN- + 2 NH 4
15.11 Chon phat bieu sai:
1) Axit yeu va baz yeu khong the cung ton tai trong mot dung
dch.
2) Phan ng trao oi ion xay ra khi tao thanh chat t ien li hoac
chat t tan.
3) Phan ng trung hoa la phan ng thu nhiet.
4) Phan ng trao oi ion thng xay ra vi toc o ln.
a) 1
b) 3
c) 1 & 3
d) 1, 3 & 4

Chng16: IEN HOA HOC

16.1 Chon cau ung:
Trong phan ng: 3Cl2 + I- + 6OH- = 6Cl- + IO3- + 3H2O
a) Chat oxy hoa la Cl2 , chat b oxy hoa la Ib) Chat kh la Cl2, chat oxy hoa la I-.
10

Chat b oxy hoa la Cl2, chat b kh la ICl2 b kh, I- la chat oxy hoa.
16.2 Chon phng an ung:
Trong phan ng:
3K2MnO4 + 2H2SO4 = 2KMnO4 + MnO2 + 2K2SO4 +
2H2O
K2MnO4 ong vai tro:
a) Chat kh
c) Chat t oxi hoa, t kh
b) Chat oxi hoa
d) Chat tao moi trng.
16.3 Chon phng an ung:
Trong phan ng:
3K2MnO4 + 2H2SO4 = 2KMnO4 + MnO2 + 2K2SO4 + 2H2O
H2SO4 ong vai tro:
a) Chat t oxi hoa, t kh
c) Chat oxi hoa
b) Chat kh
d) Chat tao moi trng.
16.4 Chon phng an ung:
Cho phan ng oxy hoa kh:
K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O
Can bang phan ng tren. Neu he so trc K2Cr2O7 la 1 th he so
ng trc H2SO4 va Fe2(SO4)3 lan lt la:
a) 7, 6
b) 5, 3
c) 7, 3
d) 4, 5
16.5 Chon nhan xet sai.
Cho nguyen to Ganvanic gom ien cc hidro tieu chuan (1) va ien
cc H2( p H = 1atm , Pt) nhung vao trong dung dch HCl 0,1M (2). nhiet
o nhat nh nguyen to nay co:
a) Sc ien ong giam khi pha loang dung dch ien cc (2)
b) The ien cc cua ien cc (2) giam khi nong o cua dung dch
HCl giam
c) ien cc (1) lam ien cc dng
d) Qua trnh oxy hoa xay ra tren ien cc (2)
16.6 Chon ap an ung.
Cho nguyen to ganvanic tao bi ien cc (1) (gom mot thanh Ag
nhung trong dung dch AgNO3 0,001N) va ien cc (2) (gom thanh Ag
nhung trong dung dch AgNO3 0,1N). oi vi nguyen to nay co:
a) Qua trnh kh xay ra tren cc (1).
b) Cc (1) la cc dng.
c) ien cc (2) b tan ra.
d) mach ngoai electron chuyen t ien cc (1) sang ien cc (2).
16.7 Chon phng an ung:
Nguyen to Ganvanic Zn Zn2+(1M) Ag+(1M) Ag co sc ien ong
thay oi nh the nao khi tang nong o Zn2+ va Ag+ mot so lan
nh nhau. Cho biet the kh tieu chuan cua cac cap Zn2+/Zn va
Ag+/Ag lan lt bang 0,763V va 0,799V.
a) Khong oi
c) Tang len
b) Giam xuong
d) Khong xac nh c
16.8 Chon ap an sai.
Cho nguyen to ganvanic tao bi 2 ien cc hydro nhung vao dung
dch HCl 1M. ien cc (1) co ap suat hydro la 0,1atm. ien cc (2)
co ap suat hydro la 1atm. oi vi nguyen to nay co:
1) Qua trnh kh xay ra tren cc (1).
c)
d)

11

2)
3)
4)
5)

mach ngoai electron chuyen t ien cc (1) sang ien cc (2).

Cc (2) la cc am.
Sc ien ong cua pin 250C la 0,059V.
Tai ien cc (2) co kh hydro bay len.
a) 1,3,5
b) 2,4
c) 2,5
d) 1,2,4,5
16.9 Chon phng an ung:
Cho cac so lieu sau:
1) o (Ca2+/Ca) = - 2.79 V
3) o (Fe2+/Fe) = - 0.437 V
2) o (Zn2+/Zn) = - 0.764 V
4) o (Fe3+/Fe2+) = + 0.771 V
Cac chat c sap xep theo th t tnh oxy hoa tang dan nh sau:
a) Fe3+ < Fe2+ < Zn2+ < Ca2+
c) Zn2+ < Fe3+ < Ca2+ < Fe2+
b) Ca2+ < Zn2+ < Fe2+ < Fe3+
d) Ca2+ < Zn2+ < Fe3+ < Fe2+
16.10 Chon phng an ung: Cho cac the oxy hoa kh chuan:
Fe3+ + e = Fe2+ o = +0,77V
Ti4+ + e = Ti3+
o = -0,01V
Ce4+ + e = Ce3+ o = +1,14V
Cho biet chat oxi hoa yeu nhat va chat kh yeu nhat trong so
cac ion tren (theo th t tng ng):
a) Ti4+ ;
b) Fe3+ ;
c) Ce4+ ;
d) Ce4+ ;
3+
3+
2+
Ce
Ti
Fe
Ti3+
16.11 Chon phng an ung:
Cho hai pin co ky hieu va sc ien ong tng ng:
(-)ZnZn2+ Pb2+Pb(+)
E1 = 0,63V
2+
2+
(-)PbPb Cu Cu(+) E2 = 0,47V
Vay sc ien ong cua pin (-)ZnZn2+Cu2+Cu(+) se la:
a) 1,1V
b) 1,1V
c) 1,16V
d) 0,16V
16.12 Chon trng hp ung:
0
Tnh the kh chuan Fe3+ / Fe 2 + 250C trong moi trng axit. Cho biet
0
the kh chuan 250C trong moi trng axit: Fe3+ / Fe3O 4 = 0,353V va

0Fe O
3

/ Fe 2 +

= 0,980V

a) 0,771V
b) 0,667V
c) 1,33V
d) 0,627V
16.13 Tnh the ien cc tieu chuan cua Fe3+/Fe2+ khi co mat ion OH-.
Cho biet the ien cc tieu chuan cua Fe3+/Fe2+ bang 0,77V, tch so
tan cua Fe(OH)2 va Fe(OH)3 lan lt la: 110-15,0, 110-37,5
a) -0,279V
b) -0,558V
c) +0,558V
d) Khong tnh c v khong biet nong o cua OH16.14 Chon phng an ung:
Mot ien cc Cu nhung vao dung dch CuSO4, the cua ien cc
nay se thay oi nh the nao khi:
1) Them Na2S (co ket tua CuS)
3) Them nc (pha loang)
2) Them NaOH (co ket tua
4) Them NaCN (tao phc
Cu(OH)2)
[Cu(CN)4]2a) Ch giam cho 3 trng hp
c) Giam cho ca 4 trng
au.
hp
b) Khong thay oi cho ca 4
d) Tang cho ca 4 trng
trng hp.
hp.
16.15 Chon phng an ung:
12

The cua ien cc ong thay oi nh the nao khi pha loang dung
dch muoi Cu2+ cua ien cc xuong 10 lan:
a) giam 59 mV
c) tang 59 mV
b) Tang 29,5 mV
d) giam 29,5 mV
16.16 Chon cau ung va ay u nhat:
The ien cc cua ien cc kim loai co the thay oi khi mot trong
cac yeu to sau thay oi:
1) Nong o muoi cua kim loai lam ien cc
2) nhiet
o
3) Be mat tiep xuc gia kim loai vi dung dch
4) nong o muoi la
5) ban chat dung
moi
a) 1,2,4,5
b) 1,2,3,4,5
c) 1,2
d) 3,4,5
16.17 Chon phng an ung:
oi vi ien cc hydro khi thay oi nong o H+ th tnh oxi hoa cua
ien cc thay oi. Vay khi giam nong o H+ th:
a) Tnh oxi hoa cua H+ tang
c) Tnh kh cua H2 tang do
do tang.
giam.
+
b) Tnh oxi hoa cua H tang
d) Tnh kh cua H2 tang do
do giam.
tang.
16.18 Chon ap an ung:
Cho the kh tieu chuan cua cac ban phan ng sau:
0, 54 V
Fe3+ + e = Fe2+ o = 0,77 V
o
I2 + 2e = 2I
=
2+
Phan ng: 2 Fe + I2 = 2 Fe3+ + 2 I- co ac iem:
a) Eo = -1,00 V; phan ng khong the xay ra t phat ieu
kien tieu chuan.
b) Eo = 1,00 V; phan ng co the xay ra t phat ieu kien
tieu chuan.
c) Eo = 0,23 V; phan ng co the xay ra t phat ieu kien
tieu chuan.
d) Eo = -0,23 V; phan ng khong the xay ra t phat ieu kien
tieu chuan.
16.19 Chon phng an ung:
Cac phan ng nao di ay co the xay ra ieu kien tieu
chuan:
1) 2MnCl2(dd) + 2Cl2(k) + 8H2O = 2HMnO4(dd) + 14HCl(dd)
2) K2Cr2O7(dd) + 14HCl(dd) = 3Cl2(k) + 2CrCl3(dd) + 2KCl(dd) + 7H2O
3) MnO2(r) + 4HCl(dd) = MnCl2(dd) + Cl2(k) + 2H2O
Cho cac the kh tieu chuan:
MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e- = Mn2+ + 4H2O
0 = 1,51 V
Cl2(k) + 2e- = 2Cl0 = 1,359 V
Cr2 O 72 + 14H+ + 6e- = 2Cr3+ + 7H2O 0 = 1,33 V
MnO2(r) + 4H+ + 2e- = Mn2+ + 2H2O
0 = 1,23 V
a) 2, 3
b) 2
c) 1, 2, 3
d) khong co phan ng nao xay ra c
16.20 Chon ap an ay u nhat.
13

The kh tieu chuan cua cac cap Br2/2Br- , Fe3+/Fe2+ , Cu2+/Cu,

MnO4-/Mn2+ , Sn4+/Sn2+ lan lt bang 1,07V ; 0,77v; 0,34V ; 1,52V ; 0,15V.
ieu kien tieu chuan, Brom co the oxy hoa c:
a) Fe2+ len Fe3+
b) Fe2+ len Fe3+ va Sn2+ len Sn4+
c) Fe2+ len Fe3+ , Sn2+ len Sn4+ va Cu len Cu2+
d) Sn2+ len Sn4+
16.21 Chon phng an ung:
Hoa tan Fe vao dung dch H2SO4 loang. Phan ng xay ra manh liet
nhat trong dung dch:
a) Ch co axit sunfuric tinh
c) Co mat ion Al3+.
khiet.
d) Co mat ion Ag+.
2+
b) Co mat ion Mg .
16.22 Chon ap an ung:
Cho phan ng: Sn4+ + Cd Sn2+ + Cd2+
0
0
The kh chuan Sn 4 + / Sn 2 + = 0,15V Cd 2 + / Cd = 0,40V
1) Phan ng dien ra theo chieu nghch ieu kien tieu chuan
2) Ky hieu cua pin tng ng la:
(-)Pt|Sn2+,Sn4+Cd2+|Cd(+)
3) Sc ien ong tieu chuan cua pin E0 = 0,25V
4) Hang so can bang cua phan ng 250C la 41018
a) 4
b) 1,2
c) 2,4
d) 1,2,3
16.23 Chon ap an ung:
Cho the kh tieu chuan 250C va pH = 0 cua ban phan ng:
0MnO 2 / Mn 2 + = 1,51V
MnO 4 + 8H + + 5e Mn 2+ + 4H 2 O
4

1) Khi C MnO 4 = C Mn 2 + = 1M va pH = 5, 250C

MnO / Mn 2 + = 1,04V
4

2) Khi tang pH moi trng th tnh oxi hoa cua MnO 4 giam, tnh kh
cua Mn2+ tang.
3) MnO 4 la chat oxi hoa manh trong moi trng baz.
4) Mn2+ la chat kh manh trong moi trng axit.
a) 2,4
b) 1,2
c) 3,4
d) 1,3
16.24 Chon phng an ung:
S o cac pin hoat ong tren c s cac phan ng oxy hoa kh :
Sn(r) + Pb(NO3)2(dd) = Sn(NO3)2(dd) + Pb(r)
2HCl(dd) + Zn(r) = ZnCl2(dd) + H2(k)
la:
a) (-) SnSn(NO)2 Pb(NO3)2Pb
c) (-) SnSn(NO3)2 Pb(NO3)2Pb
(+)
(+)
(-) H2(Pt)HCl ZnCl2Zn (+)
(-) ZnZnCl2 HCl H2(Pt) (+)
b) (-) PbPb(NO3)2 Sn(NO3)2Sn
d) (-) PbPb(NO3)2 Sn(NO3)2Sn
(+)
(+)
(-) H2(Pt)HCl ZnCl2Zn (+)
(-) ZnZnCl2 HClH2(Pt) (+)
16.25 Chon phng an ung:
Cho qua trnh ien cc: MnO 4 + 8H+ + 5e Mn2+ + 4H2O
Phng trnh Nerst oi vi qua trnh a cho 250C co dang:
250C co dang:
a)

[MnO ][ H ]
+ 0.059 lg
[Mn ]

+ 8

b)

2+

14

0.059
Mn 2+
= +
lg
5
MnO 4 H +
0

][ ]

c)

][ ]
[ ]

0.059 MnO 4 H +
= +
lg
5
Mn 2+
0

d)

[
[

][ ]

0.059 MnO 4 H +
= +
lg
4
5
Mn 2+ [ H 2 O]
0

16.26 Chon phng an ung:

Cho o (Sn4+/Sn2+) = 0,15 V. Xac nh gia tr cua t le [Sn4+]/[Sn2+] e
the cua ien cc nay bang 0,169 V. Lay (2,303 RT / F) = 0,059.
a) 2,00
b) 4,41
c) 2,49
d) 3,5
16.27 Chon phng an ung: May o pH hoat ong da vao viec o
hieu ien the gia ien cc calomen bao hoa KCl: Pt, Hg | Hg2Cl2 |
KCl bao hoa (co the ien cc on nh = + 0,268V) va ien cc
hydro: Pt | H2 1 atm | H+ (dung dch can o pH). Hay tnh pH cua dung
dch 250C neu hieu ien the cua hai ien cc nay la 0,564V.
a) 5,0
b) 4,0
c) 3,0
d) 6,0

15