CKDC 5 9 9261

B mn Hn & Cng ngh Kim loi - HBKHN, Email: bmhan-fme@mail.hut.edu.vn, T: 04.3869 2204, Fax: 04.
3868 4543 1 / 72
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
CC PHNG PHP CH TO PHI
Cc phng php ch to phi
CHNG 4 - CNG NGH C KIM LOI V HP KIM
CHNG 5 - CNG NGH GIA CNG P LC
CHNG 6 - CNG NGH HN V CT KIM LOI
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
B mn Hn & Cng ngh Kim loi - HBKHN, Email: bmhan-fme@mail.hut.edu.vn, T: 04.3869 2204, Fax: 04.3868 4543 2 / 72
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I. Thc cht, c im, phn loi v ng dng
II. Khi nim v bin dng ca kim loi v hp kim
V. Cng ngh v thit b ko kim loi
III. Cng ngh v thit b nung nng kim loi khi gia cng
IV. Cng ngh v thit b cn kim loi
VI. Cng ngh v thit b p
VII. Cng ngh v thit b rn t do
VIII. Cng ngh v thit b dp khi
IX. Cng ngh v thit b dp tm
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.1- Thc cht
Gia cng kim loi bng p lc l da vo tnh do ca kim loi, dng ngoi lc ca thit b
lm cho kim loi bin dng th rn. Sau khi gia cng ta thu c SP c hnh dng v k/t yu
cu. Kim loi vn gia c tnh nguyn vn khng b ph hu
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.2- c im
Lm bd KL th rn mn cht ca KL v c tnh .
C th kh c cc khuyt tt ca c nh r kh, r co.
C th bin t chc ht thnh t chc th, c th to nn cc th un, xon khc nhau
C tnh .
Gia cng kim loi bng p lc l phng php gia cng khng phi, t hao tn kim loi, c
nng sut cao.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.2- c im
chnh xc cao hn c: Mt s SP ko cn qua GC c kh.
VD: Dp bnh xng xe my a vo s dng ngay.
X lch mng tinh th b mt KL bin cng cng v bn .
D c kh ha v t ng ha.
Nhc im: Trang b my mc, thit b t tin.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.3- Phn loi
Ngi ta phn lm 2 loi:
Nhm 1: Thng t trong cc XN luyn kim: Cn, ko si, p.
Nhm 2: Trong cc nh my CK: Rn t do, dp th tch, dp tm.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.4- ng dng
Gia cng p lc l mt phng php c dng nhiu trong cc xng c kh ch
to hoc sa cha chi tit my.
Sn phm ca qu trnh gia cng p lc cn dng nhiu trong cc ngnh xy dng kin
trc, cu ng, hng tiu dng ...
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1- Khi nim
Khi tc dng ngoi lc vo KL th KL b bin dng.
Bin dng ca KL bao gm: bd n hi, bd do v bd ph hy.
Khi td lc, KL b bd. Khi b lc, KL
tr li trng thi ban u. Bd n hi
l bd m bd t l thun vi lc.
on OA: Bd n hi; on AC: Bd
do; on CD: Bd ph hy.
P P
F
L
L
P
O
A
B
C D
Biu Hooke
Nguyn nhn ca bd n hi: Do
lc tc dng tng h ca cc ng/t.
Khi ta ko Cc ng/t xut hin
lc ht a n v trng thi ban u.
II.1.1. Bin dng n hi
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1- Khi nim
Khi tc dng ngoi lc vo KL th KL b bin dng.
Bin dng ca KL bao gm: bd n hi, bd do v bd ph hy.
II.1.2. Bin dng do
L bd khi td lc th KL b bd. Khi b lc cn tn ti mt on bd d.
Bd do gm: Bd ca n tinh v bd ca a tinh.
II.1.2.1. Bin dng ca n tinh
n tinh l ht KL c mng tinh th ng nht.
Bd ca n tinh xy ra di 2 hnh thc:
1) S trt
2) Song tinh
on OA: Bd n hi; on AC: Bd
do; on CD: Bd ph hy.
P P
F
L
L
P
O
A
B
C D
Biu Hooke
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1- Khi nim
II.1.2. Bin dng do
1) S trt: Khi td lc vo KL Bn trong cc phn t KL
chu 2 loi S:
S php tuyn:
S ny ch gy nn bd n hi hoc ph hy.
S tip tuyn : Lm cho cc tinh th KL trt ln nhau.
Trt l qu trnh di td ca S tip, cc lp KL c hin tng trt ln nhau
theo cc mt gi l mt trt.
P
P
Sau khi bd
Trc khi bd
Mt trt
S trt
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1- Khi nim
II.1.2. Bin dng do
1) S trt:
c im ca hin tng trt:
Hin tng trt ch xy ra khi S tip
[ ]
th
>
Gi tr ti hn ny ph thuc vo vt liu, t
o
, tc bd,...
S trt ny ch xy ra mt no c nhiu ng/t nht v
theo nhng hng c nhiu ngt nht.
Khi trt cc ng/t di ng 1 s nguyn ln thng s
mng.
S trt xy ra t t, ln lt t mng ny qua mng khc.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1- Khi nim
II.1.2. Bin dng do
2) Song tinh Di tc dng ca S tip trong tinh th c nhng b phn ca
mng tinh th va trt va xoay tng i vi 1 mt gi l mt song tinh.
Trc khi bd
Sau khi bd
S song tinh
Mt song
tinh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1- Khi nim
II.1.2. Bin dng do
2) Song tinh
c im ca hin tng song tinh:
Song tinh ch xy ra khi S tip vt qua tr s ti hn.
Xy ra do lc td t ngt (va p) ti ni c S tp trung.
Bin dng d ca song tinh nh.
Khi song tinh cc ng/t di ng mt on khng bng bi s nguyn ln
thng s mng.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1- Khi nim
II.1.2. Bin dng do
II.1.2.2. Bin dng ca a tinh
a tinh gm nhiu n tinh.
Bin dng ca a tinh gm:
Bin dng trong ni b n tinh:
Trt
Song tinh
Trt v quay gia cc ht: Thng xy ra t
o
cao v khi vng
tinh gii chy ra.
Bin dng do cc l do khc: S v nt ca ht.
Bd do nhng nguyn nhn l ha khc (t n trong t trng n
cng bd, dao ng nhit, ).
Trong GCAL ta cn bd do: Nhanh chng vt qua min bd n hi
sang min bd do.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1- Khi nim
II.1.3. Bin dng ph hy
Khi lc tc dng vt qu gii hn cho php lc lc ko tng na nhng bd
vn tng Bd ph hy.
on OA: Bd n hi; on AC:
Bd do; on CD: Bd ph hy.
P P
F
L
L
P
O
A
B
C D
Biu Hooke
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.2- nh hng ca gia cng p lc n tnh cht v t chc ca kim loi
II.2.1. Gia cng nng v gia cng ngui
1) Gia cng nng
L GC t
o
ln hn t
o
kt tinh li ( 0,4 t
o
chy; thp l 727
o
C).
c im: :
:
GC nng thng dng khi GC th.
2) Gia cng ngui: L GC t
o
thp hn t
o
kt tinh li.
c im:
Dng GC tinh.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.2.2. nh hng ca gia cng p lc n t chc v c tnh ca kim loi
GCAL nh hng ln n t chc v c tnh ca KL.
GCAL lm cho mn cht KL . Bin t chc ht thnh t chc th. C
kh nng to cc th un, xon Lm cho c tnh tng.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Ch : Vn dng tnh nng ca t chc th, khi thit k c/tit phi lc
ko th, lc ct thng gc vi th. Trnh ct t th khi gia cng.
a) Ct gt b) Vut phn thn b) Chn
Cc phng php ch to bu lng
VD: Ch to bu lng chu lc dng cc phng php:
a) Ct gt Th b ct ngang. Lm vic chu S dc th B t.
b) Rn bng cch vut phn thn Cc th ( phn m bu lng) c xu
hng vung gc vi S tip Khi xit bu lng chu lc tt.
c) Chn mt u Th phn m tt nht Chu lc tt nht.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Qu trnh ch
to ren bng
my
Cc qu trnh ch to ren
Qu trnh ch
to ren bng
cng ngh cn
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.2.3. nh hng ca gia cng p lc n l ha tnh ca kim loi
1) L tnh: GCAL lm thay i s phn b t trng trong KL Gim tnh
dn in (tng in tr), tnh dn nhit, tnh dn t.
2) Ha tnh: GCAL lm hot tnh ha hc ca cc ng/t KL d b
n mn. V sau khi GCAL mng tinh gii b v hot tnh (lm cho
cc cht khc d len li vo mng)
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.1- Cng ngh nung nng kim loi
III.1.1. Mc ch
Nh dao ng nhit lm suy yu cc lc lin kt Tr lc , tnh do .
III.1.2. Ch nung
a) Nhit nung thp: T
o
bt u gia cng = T
o
chy 150
o
C
T
o
kt thc GC: Thp C < 0,8%: T
o
nung = T
o
A3
+ (2040)
o
C
Thp C > 0,8%: T
o
nung = T
o
A1
+ (4050)
o
C
b) Thi gian nung:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.1.3. Cc hin tng xy ra khi nung
a) Qu nhit
b) Chy
c) xy ho:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.1.3. Cc hin tng xy ra khi nung
d) Thot cacbon:
e) Nt
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.2- Thit b nung
Bung t
Bung nung
Vt nung
Gch chu la
a) L phn x: t = nhin liu rn, lng, kh.
Gm 2 bung: Bung t + Bung nung.
2
: t
o
nung u v KL t b chy. Khng ch t
o
nung kh.
b) L in: Dng in tr. Ch dng trong iu chnh t
o
c/x.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1- Cng ngh cn kim loi
IV.1.1. Thc cht, c im
Cn l QT cho phi KL i qua khe h gia 2 trc cn quay ngc
chiu nhau lm cho phi b bin dng do.
Nh ma st gia trc cn v phi m KL c bd lin tc. KQ lm
chiu cao , chiu di v chiu rng .
nh gi mc cn ng/ta dng cc ch tiu k/thut sau:
H s bd:
0
1
H
h
=
H
0
- Chiu cao trc khi cn;
h
1
- Chiu cao sau khi cn.
Hay:
1
0
l
L
=
L
0
- Chiu di trc khi cn;
l
1
- Chiu di sau khi cn.
Thng: = 1,1 1,3
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1.1. Thc cht, c im
iu kin cn c: tg > tg
tg = f (f - H s ma st gia trc cn v phi)
c im: Cn c th tin hnh trng thi nng v trng thi ngui.
Cn nng: Mang c im ca gia cng nng: KL d bd, tn lc, c/x,
bng thp gia cng th.
Cn ngui: KL kh bd, tn lc nhng c/x, bng v cht lng b/m cao
gia cng tinh.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1.2. Sn phm cn
a) Thp tm:
Tm mng (un thnh cun hoc dng di): Di 4 mm.
Tm dy: Chiu dy trn 4 mm.
b) Thp thanh: Tit din trn, vung, ch nht, bn nguyt, lc lng; kch
thc loi.
c) Thp hnh: , T, U, L,
Hn
Thp hnh chu k:
d) Thp ng:
ng c hn: Un, lc thnh ng sau hn.
Hn
10 6000 (Tc ch xng du 6000)
ng khng hn: ng nc, ng thp chu p lc
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1.1. Sn phm cn
Sn phm cn hnh:
a) Trn; 2) Vung; 3) Ch nht; 4) Gc; 5)
Ch T; 6) Ch H; 7) Ch U; 8) Ray; 9)
Ch Z.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.2- Thit b cn kim loi
Cc kiu my cn ng:
a) Trc dng trng; b) Trc dng nm; c)
Trc dng a.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1- Cng ngh ko kim loi
V.1.1. Thc cht, c im
Ko l QT ko phi KL i qua
1 khun ko. Nh ma st gia
phi KL v thnh khun m KL
c bd.
Kt qu: Lm chiu ngang , chiu di .
D
0
d
1
P
V khun
(C45)
Khun (BK8,
kim cng)
c im: Vi thp ngi ta thng ko trng thi nng. Khi

ko thp th ma st ln Khun mau mn.
Vi KL mu (ng, nhm): Ko ngui.
Ch tiu k thut:
H s ko :
0 1
1,1 1,3
0
1
D L
L
d
= = =
Gc nghing ca khun: = 5 15
o
Lc ko ( trnh t): P = n.
k
.S
1
S
1
- Tit din ngang ca si sau khi ko;
k
- Gii hn bn ca VL; n- H
s an ton.
S ko KL
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1.2. Thit b ko kim loi
Khun ko
Phn vut nh I lm bin dng phi hnh cn
Phn lm trn II hnh cn
Phn vut nhn III hnh tr
Phn thot IV hnh cn
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1.3. Sn phm
Si KL: 0,15 6.
ng KL: Dng ch to ng c ng knh ln, thnh ng mng.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1.3. Sn phm
Si KL: 0,15 6.
ng KL: Dng ch to ng c ng knh ln, thnh ng mng.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1- Cng ngh p kim loi
V.1.1. Thc cht, c im, phn loi
L QT y phi KL i qua khun p c l hnh xc nh lm tit din phi ,
chiu di .
u im ca phng php ny l c kh nng to thnh nhng sn phm c
chnh xc cao v nng sut cao.
p thng c dng gia cng cc kim loi mu v hp kim mu, i khi n
cng dng gia cng thp v cc hp kim kim loi khc.
Phi p l vt c hay vt cn
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Phn loi p: C 2 loi p:
a) p thun: Chiu i ra ca SP
trng vi chiu chuyn ng ca pt
tng p.
c im:
P
a) p thun
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
b) p nghch: L P
2
p m chiu i ra ca SP
ngc chiu vi chiu C ca pt tng p.
VD: V pin c p = P
2
ny.
c im:
P
b) p nghch
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1.2. Thit b p
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1.3. Sn phm p
Cc loi thanh: Trn, vung, ch nht, lc gic,
VD: Kim tim ch to = P
2
p
, L, U, Z,
ng < 50: Ch yu dng ch to KL mu.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Rn; dp.
c im: Cng nh nhng phng php gia cng p lc khc, rn dp lm thay i
s phn b cc th si ca kim loi v thay i kch thc cc ht kim loi
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VII.1- Cng ngh rn t do
VII.1.1. Thc cht v c im
Rn t do l lm bd KL t do di tc dng ca ngoi lc do ngi hoc thit
b to ra.
c im: KL bd t do Tnh do cha cao bd cha trit Cht
lng cha cao.
Rn t do cho c/x v bng thp.
u im: Trang thit b n gin, r tin, cho php rn c chi tit
nh n ln, quy m ko hn ch.
iu kin L nng nhc.
Bd KL th rn mn cht ca KL cao C tnh cao.
Rn t do d khc phc c cc khuyt tt ca c nh r kh, r co
tng c tnh ca SP.
D bin t chc ht thnh t chc th Tng c tnh ca SP.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VII.1.1. Thc cht v c im
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VII.2- Thit b v dng c rn t do
VII.2.1. Dng c rn t do
Dng c kp: t, km: Thng dng thp C45.
Dng c o: Thc, dng: Thng dng thp C45 ti.
Chia lm 3 nhm
Dng c t/d lc: Ba, e, : L VL c bn, cng cao, chu va p tt.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VII.2.1. Thit b rn t do
My ba hi nc, ba l xo, ba hi
(thit b tc dng lc).
Thit b vn chuyn (cu trc, xe cu
trc), thit b un, nn, ...
My ba hi thng c dng nhiu
nht trong rn t do. N c gi tn
theo khi lng ca vt ri:
m = 50, 75, 150, 250, 450,
750, 1000 Kg.
VN hay s dng < 250 Kg
Thng dng cc loi sau:
3
1
2
6
4
5
7
8
9
S my ba hi
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VII.2.1. Thit b rn t do
3
1
2
6
4
5
7
8
9
S my ba hi
Nguyn l: Hi p t xy lanh 1 qua
van 2 truyn sang xy lanh 3.
c im: Ba n (ba c nng
ln ri cho ri t do): Loi ny hin nay t
dng.
Ba kp (hi nc hoc kh va
dng nng ba ln, va dng
tng thm nng lng p) Tc
p rt nhanh, s dng thun tin S
dng ph bin cc xng rn.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
a) Chn:
Mc ch: Gim chiu cao h
0
h
1
; tng
ng knh d
0
d
1
.
P
h
0
d
0
d
1
Th
h
1
Chn
To th KL: Th un, Tng c tnh cho SP.
To cc SP c dng m: Bu lng.
b) Vut:
Mc ch: Gim tit din
ngang h
0
h
1
; tng chiu di cho
phi l
0
l
1
.
P
h
0
h
1
Vut
Bin t chc ht thnh t
chc th.
To ra cc th un, xon.
C ba kiu chn: chn ton phn, chn u v
chn gia.
Hai kiu vut: dt phng v dt rng
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
c) Un: to ra hnh mong mun
P
c im: Khi un mt ngoi KL d b

nt: Do cc phn t b ko.
Mt trong d b cc np nhn.
Un
Sau khi un phi sa.
Tng c tnh.
P
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
d) t l: to l trn SP
t l khng thng
Cc ch khi t l ko thng:
P
t l ko thng
A
B
Ba
Mi t
Vng ming l (vng A) b nt Mt
chnh xc.
Vng chn l (vng B) l b loe do bd nhiu
chnh xc gim.
khc phc ta phi chn lc p P hp l.
P
d ci
d chy
Ci
Chy
t l thng
t l thng:
t 2 pha
Dng b khun (chy v ci) gia cng cc
l ln.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
e) Hn rn: ni cc chi tit li vi nhau = phng php rn.
Chun b mp hn:
Nung n t
o
sao cho tnh do cao nht.
Lm sch = chi st lm sch lp oxit.
Rn vi tc bd cao: Rn t mp trong cng
ra ngoi bng cch t trn e dng ba p.
Hn ch tt i vi thp c thnh phn cacbon
di 0,3%. .
Sa cha.
Hn
Hn rn
f) Xon
g) Cht
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VIII. Cng ngh v thit b dp khi (dp th tch)
VIII.1- Thc cht, c im v phn loi
Thc cht: L qu trnh lm bin dng KL hn ch trong 1 lng khun.
c im:
Nhc im:Gi thnh ch to khun cao, khun chng mn, v vy
phng php rn khun ch thch hp vi sn xut hng lat v hng khi.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
chn phng php rn hp l chng ta c th dng cng thc rn khun hp l.
) ( ) (
2 2 1 1
n m n m
G
kh
+ +
N
0
- S chi tit hp l rn khun.
G
kh
- Tng gi thnh ch to khun
m
1
- Gi thnh chi tit rn t do
n
1
- Gi thnh gia cng c kh chi tit y khi rn t do
m
2
- Gi thnh cng ca chi tit y nu rn khun
n
2
- Gi thnh gia cng c kh chi tit y khi rn khun.
Nu gi N l s lng chi tit cn gia cng ta c:
N > N
0
: rn khun l hp l
N < N
0
: rn khun khng kinh t, ta nn chuyn qua rn khun n gin hoc t do.
N
0

S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
a) Dp th tch trong khun lng h
l QT dp m lc t/d thng gc
vi mt phn khun. Hai na khun lun
h nhau, ch khp kn khi QT dp kt thc.
P
N
Mt phn khun
Rnh ba via
Khun h
c im:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
b) Dp th tch trong khun lng kn P
Mt phn khun
N
Khun kn
L QT dp m lc t/d song song vi
mt phn khun. Hai na khun p kn
nhau.
c im:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IX. Cng ngh v thit b dp tm (dp ngui)
IX.1- Thc cht, c im
Thc cht: L CN ch to cc SP t phi liu dng tm.
c im:
V d: t l cc chi tit dp tm trong mt s nghnh: my in 60 70%; t
my ko 60 95%; dng dn dng 95 98%.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IX.1- Thc cht, c im
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IX.2- Cc nguyn cng ca dp tm
Ct phi
To hnh
Nguyn cng
Dp ct v t l
Dp su
Un
Tp ming
Dp vnh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
a) Ct phi
Ct bng my c dao song song:
P
P
Z
Dao song song

Chia tm ln ra thnh cc mnh nh.
S
B
Q
c im:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
a) Ct phi
Ct bng my c dao nghing:
P
= 2 6
o
Dao nghing
Li dao trn v di nghing mt gc .
Lc ct nh do ct t t tng im mt.
Hnh trnh ct ln. Cho php ct ng
thng, ng cong phc tp, chiu di ko hn
ch.
Nhc im: Mch ct nham nh, phi b bd
dc theo mch ct Phi d b cong.
Ct bng my c dao hnh a:
c im: Nh dao nghing. Nng sut
cao = 4 60 ln dao nghing.
Dao a c tm trc song song
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
a) Ct phi
Dp ct v t l:
P
Chy
Ci
d
chy
d
ci
Q Q L P
2
ct s dng 1 b khun.
Dp ct v t l
Dp ct: ly ming ct d ci quyt nh ch to ci trc, ch to
chy sau; phi hp c khe h Z: d chy = d ci 2 Z.
Dp ct
t l
t l: Ly phn c l d chy quyt nh ch to chy trc, ch
to ci sau; phi hp c khe h Z: d ci = d chy + 2 Z.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
b) To hnh
Dp su: Ch to cc loi ng thng hoc ko thng t phi liu tm.
VD: Dp np bt my.
Dp su ko lm mng thnh: Chiu dy
thnh SP bng chiu dy phi. c thc
hin trn my dp kp (va c lc P va c
lc Q).
H s dp su:
0
1,1 1,3
1
d
d
= =
d
0
- ng knh ban u;
d
1
- ng knh sau khi dp.
Q
Q
Dp su ko lm mng
thnh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
b) To hnh
Dp su: Ch to cc loi ng thng hoc ko thng t phi liu tm.
Dp su c lm mng thnh: L P
2
dp su
m chiu dy thnh chi tit nh hn chiu dy
phi.
P
Dp su c lm mng
thnh
+ KL bd trit Cht lng cao.
+ S dng trn my dp n: Ko cn
lc chn Q.
+ Chiu dy phi ko hn ch.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
b) To hnh
Phi chn h s bd () hp l.
Gc sau khi un:
1
>
0
(
0
- gc ang un).
Un: Lm thay i hng ca ng tm phi. c thc hin nh 1 b
khun un gm c chy v ci.
c im: Mt ngoi d b nt, mt
bn trong d b np nhn.
Un
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
b) To hnh
Dp vnh: L nguyn cng to g cho SP.
Dp vnh Tp ming
Tp ming.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Mit l phng php ch to cc chi tit trn xoay mng. c bit mit c dng
ch to nhng chi tit c ng knh ming thu nh vo v thn phnh ra nh bi
ng, l hoa...k tip sau nguyn cng dp su.
b) To hnh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
CC PHNG PHP CH TO PHI
Cc phng php ch to phi
CHNG 4 - CNG NGH C KIM LOI V HP KIM
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Trc GC
Sau GC
L
i
n

k
t
MT S PHNG PHP C BN TO RA MT CHI
TIT N GIN
C DP,
CHN
KO TIN HN
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I. Khi nim, c im, phn loi
II. Cng ngh v thit b hn h quang
V. Cng ngh v thit b ct nhit
III. Cng ngh v thit b hn in tip xc
IV. Cng ngh v thit b hn kh, hn vy, dn kim loi
VI. Khuyt tt hn v cc phng php kim tra cht lng hn
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.1- Khi nim
Hn l phng php cng ngh ni cc chi tit
bng kim loi li vi nhau bng cch nung nng
ch ni n trng thi hn (chy hoc do). Sau
kim loi ha rn hoc kt hp vi lc p, ch
ni to thnh mi lin kt bn vng gi l mi
hn.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.2- c im
+ u im:
* Tit kimkim loi so vi cc phng php khc:
- So vi tn riv, ghp bulng: 10 n 25 %.
- So vi c : ~ 50 %.
* Hn c nhiu loi vt liu khc nhau:
- Kimloi en <-> Kim loi en,
- Kimloi <-> Vt liu phi kim, v.v..
* Ch to cc kt cu phc tp (m cc phng php khckhng thc hin c).
* bn mi hn cao, mi hn kn.
+ Nhc im:
* Tn ti ng sut d, vt hn d b cong vnh bin dng.
* Chu ti trng va p km. v.v..
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.3- Phn loi
+) Cn c theo trng thi kimloi mi hn (trng thi hn) chia thnh hai nhm hn chnh:
+) Cn c theo dng nng lng s dng. Hn in, hn ha hc, hn c hc,
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.3- Phn loi
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1- Cng ngh v thit b hn h quang tay
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1.1. Khi nim
K/n: Hn in h quang l phng php ph bin nht hin nay ghp khng tho ri
cc chi tit li vi nhau, ngun nhit dng hn l h quang in.
H quang
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1.2. Phn loi cc phng php hn in h quang tay
Phn loi theo in cc
Phn loi theo h quang
Phn loi theo mi
trng bo v mi hn
Hn in cc khng nng chy
Hn in cc kim loi nng chy
H quang trc tip
H quang gin tip
H quang kn
H quang c bo v
H quang h
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1.3. Thit b hn h quang tay
Khi hn h quang c th dng dng in mt chiu hay dng in xoay chiu.
u im ca dng in mt chiu l h quang c tnh n nh cao v c th i cc
iu chnh mc t nng vt hn.
Tuy nhin, trong thc t ngi ta thng dng hn h quang vi dng in xoay chiu.
u im ca dng in xoay chiu l thit b r hn, nh, nh, c ng hn, vn hnh
cng n gin hn, hiu sut cao hn v tiu hao in nng t hn so vi thit b dng in
mt chiu.
Ngun in hn v my hn phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
in th khng ti U
o
phi ln gy h quang nhng khng gy nguy him khi s
dng.
Vi dng mt chiu: U
o
= 35 55V.
Vi dng xoay chiu: U
o
= 55 80V.
Vi cc gi tr in th ti trn,khi c (h quang chy) in th h xung tng
ng 15 25V vi dng mt chiu v 25 40V vi dng xoay chiu.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
ng biu din quan h V-A
1. c tnh tnh ca h quang
2. c tnh ngoi ca my hn
Cng dng ngn mch phi nh
nhm nng cao tui bn cho my hn.
I
n/m
= (1,3 1,4) I
h
y I
h
- Cng dng in hn (A).
in th ngun hn phi thay i nhanh
ph hp vi s thay i in tr h
quang nhm n nh s chy ca h
quang. Thng thng ngun hn c
quan h gia U v I (c tnh ngoi) l
ngc nhau c dng c tuyn dc.
Cng dng in hn thay i c
theo hai kiu: v cp v phn cp.
Ngun xoay chiu U v I phi lch pha
nhau, trnh c hai gi tr cng mt lc
u bng khng n nh h quang.
im gy
h quang
im h quang
chy n nh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
My hn in dng in mt chiu
My hn in dng in xoay chiu
T c ti liu
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1.4. in cc v que hn
in cc
in cc khng chy gm c in cc than, in cc grafit v in cc vnfram. in
cc than v in cc grafit ch dng khi hn vi dng in mt chiu. in cc vonfram
dng khi hn vi dng in mt chiu hay xoay chiu.
in cc chy (cn gi l que hn in) tu theo cng dng ca n v thnh phn ho
hc ca kim loi c hn c th ch to bng cc vt liu khc nhau nh thp, gang,
ng, nhm ...
Que hn in
Que hn khng thuc (que hn trn)
Que hn c thuc bc
Cu to que hn h quang c thuc bc
1) Li que
2) Thuc bc
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1.5. Cng ngh hn h quang tay
A. CC LOI LIN KT HN
Lin kt gip mi
Lin kt gc
Lin kt ch T
Lin kt hn chng
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
B. V TR MI HN TRONG KHNG GIAN
Xt trong mt phng ngang
T 0 60
0
cc mi hn thuc
v tr hn sp.
T 60 120
0
cc mi hn
thuc v tr hn ng hay
ngang.
T 120 180
0
cc mi hn c
v tr hn trn.
Xt v mc , hn sp l v tr thun tin nht v hn
trn l v tr kh hn nht.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
C. CH HN H QUANG TAY
) ( 1
2
mm
s
d + =
- ng knh que hn: d [mm]
) ( 2
2
mm
K
d + =
Mi hn sp cho thp cacbon:
I
h
= (20 + 6d) d [ampe]
- Cng dng hn: I
h
S - chiu dy ca vt hn gip mi (mm)
K - Cnh mi hn gc hay ch T (mm)
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.2- Cng ngh v thit b hn trong mi trng kh bo v (hn TIG, MIG/MAG)
Trong phng php hn in h quang, ngoi vic dng lp thuc bc in cc (que
hn), cht tr dung, cn c cch bo v mi hn khi b xy ho v nit ho bng cch
dng nhng dng kh bo v y khng kh ra khi mi trng h quang v gi cho kim
loi nng chy khng tip xc thng vi khng kh bn ngoi.
Cc kh bo v thng c dng:
Cc kh kh xy (hyr, cacbon xyt, mtan...),
Cc kh tr (acgn, hli)
Kh hot tnh cacbnic (CO
2
).
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.2.1. Cng ngh hn MIG/MAG
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.2.2. Cng ngh hn TIG
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.3- Cng ngh v thit b hn di lp thuc (SAW)
II.3.1. c im
Hn h quang tay c nng sut thp, cht lng khng u, hao ph kim loi u mu
que hn cao, hiu sut nhit km.
Hn h quang t ng s nng cao nng sut c nng cao ch yu l do dng mt
dng in cao v do que hn chy lin tc.
Hn h quang t ng khng mt thi gian thay i que hn nh hn tay. Hn h quang
t ng mi hn t ng mnh v lm cho kim loi chy su hn, v th vi nhng mi
hn i hi chiu dy lp hn ln hn cng c th ch cn hn mt ln.
Tt c nhng iu lm cho nng sut hn c nng cao so vi hn tay hn 5 - 10
ln.
Hn t ng cng khng cn phi dng knh bo v mt cho th hn v c gi l hn
h quang t ng di lp thuc (hn h quang kn).
Phng php hn t ng c dng nhiu trong cng nghip hin nay l phng php
hn h quang kn.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.3- Cng ngh v thit b hn di lp thuc
II.3.2. Cng ngh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.1- Khi nim, c im, phn loi
K/n: Phng php hn in tip xc l mt trong nhng phng php hn tin tin khng
cn phi dng que hn hoc cht tr dung m vn m bo c mi hn tt.
Phng php hn in tip xc da trn nguyn l pht nhit khi dng in i qua in
tr t chy ch hn bng ngun in Jun - Lenx Q = RI
2
t, sau ngt dng in v
p vi mt lc thch ng ni hai chi tit cn hn li vi nhau. Dng in dng trong hn
in tip xc u l in xoay chiu, ip p v cng s iu chnh tu theo vt hn to
hay nh.
c im
Thi gian t nng ch hn rt nhanh - vi phn trm giy nh dng dng in c
cng rt ln.
Phng php ny c c kh ho v t ng ho p dng nhiu trong sn xut
hng lot v sn xut hng khi.
Hn in tip xc c nng sut rt cao, c dng nhiu trong cc ngnh ngh ch to
t, my ko, my bay; ch to dng c o, dng c ct; hn ng ray, toa xe la;
trong sn xut hng tiu dng (my hn lnh, xe p) ... Gn y phng php hn in
tip xc cn c dng nhiu trong xy dng (hn ct thp xy dng).
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.1- Khi nim, c im, phn loi
Phn loi
Hn in tip xc
Hn i u
Hn im
Hn ng
Hn in tr
(khng chy)
Hn chy
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.2- Hn i u (hn gip mi)
III.2.1. Hn in tr
K/n: Trong phng php hn in tr cc u chi tit hn c tip xc vi nhau vi
mt lc p nh v c t nng bng dng in ti trng thi do, sau ngt in
v p cho hai cho tit dnh li vi nhau thnh mt khi.
Khi hn cc mt ln bng phng
php ny th kh c mi hn tt v
s nung nng chi tit khng u trong
mt tip xc din tch mt ct khng
nn qu 1000mm
2
Nng sut tng i thp
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.2.2. Hn chy
K/n: l phng php c cc mt hn c p li gn nhau sao cho trn b mt tip
xc ch c cc nhp nh b mt tip xc khi dng in i qua s l nhng cu
in. V mt in ln m in tip xc li nh nn ch hn lp tc b t nng chy.
c im:
Phng php hn chy lin tc
Phng php hn chy gin on
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.3- Hn im
III.3.1- Khi nim, c im
K/n: Hn im l mt dng hn ph bin nht ca hn in tip xc, trong cc chi
tit hn c ghp gi ln nhau v c hn khng phi trn ton b mt m trn
tng im ring bit.
c im:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.3- Hn im
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.3- Hn im
-Resistance Spot Welding - How It Works.flv
-The Common Weld Quality System-spot Welding.flv
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.4- Hn ng
III.4.1- Khi nim, c im
K/n: Hn ng hay hn ln dng hn cc vt liu tm vi chiu dy tng cng
di 4mm. Phng php hn ny khc vi hn im ch ngi ta thay cc in cc
thanh bng in cc hnh con ln.
c im:
Khi con ln quay, vt hn nm gia hai con ln,
nh th mi hn l mt ng rt kn khng cho cc
cht lng v cht kh lt qua c.
Cng sut khi hn ng tu theo loi kim loi,
chiu dy ca n v tc hn. Lc p khng cn
vt qua 3000 - 5000 N, v lc p ln s lm con ln
mn nhiu.
Vt liu ca con ln hn ng nh in cc
thanh trong hn im.
Hn ng c dng hn cc dm, ng v
cc chi tit khc bng thp v kim loi mu cn c
mi ghp kn.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III.4- Hn ng
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1- Cng ngh v thit b hn kh
IV.1.1- Khi nim, c im
K/n: Hn kh l mt trong nhng phng php hn ho hc trong dng nhit lng
phn ng chy ca kh t trong xy nung nng chy cc phn kim loi c hn.
ng thi que hn l thanh kim loi ng cht vi kim loi c hn cng c nung
nng chy cng vi kim loi hn to thnh mi hn.
IV.1.2- Cc loi kh dng trong hn kh
Kh dng khi hn kh gm hai loi:
1. Kh xy dng gip cho s chy
2. Cc loi kh t
Hydr (H
2
)
Kh than
Hi ca du xng v benzen
Axtylen (C
2
H
2
)
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1.3- Cng ngh hn kh
Cht lng ca mi hn kh ph thuc vo cch chn cng sut ca m hn, cht lng que
hn, cch iu chnh ngn la hn, cch chn phng php hn v gc nghing ca m hn.
IV.1.3.1. Phng php hn
Hn phi: ngi th hn bt u hn t tri sang bn phi (tc l m hn di chuyn
trc, que hn di chuyn sau)
c im:
Phng php ny c nng sut cao v tit kim
c kh axtylen, ng thi mi hn mi hn
xong cn c ngn la t nng trong mt thi
gian na cho nn do ca mi hn c tng
ln.
Phng php ny l phng php hn ch yu
trong cng ngh hn hi
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1.3.1. Phng php hn
Hn tri: ngi th hn bt u hn t phi sang bn tri (tc l que hn di chuyn
trc, m hn di chuyn sau)
c im:
Tc hn theo phng php ny tng i
chm (thng chm hm hn phi khong 20 -
30%) v thng ch dng hn nhng vt
mng (t 3mm tr xung) v nhng kim loi mu
nh nhm, km )
Phng php ny l phng php hn ch yu
trong cng ngh hn hi
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Cht lng ca mi hn kh ph thuc vo cch chn cng sut ca m hn, cht lng que
hn, cch iu chnh ngn la hn, cch chn phng php hn v gc nghing ca m hn.
Gc nghing ca m hn
Cht lng que hn
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1.3.2. Ngn la hn kh
Hn thp
Hn ng
Hn gang
Ngn la trung ha
Ngn la oxy ha
Ngn la tha cc bon
Cu to ngn la hn kh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1.3.3. Ch hn kh
ng knh que hn
[ ] mm
s
d
2
=
[ ] mm
s
d 1
2
+ =
Khi hn phi
Khi hn tri
Cng sut ngn la s tiu hao kh xy hoc kh chy
A = k.S [lt/gi]
S - chiu dy vt hn
k - h s ph thuc vt liu hn,
hn thp k=100-120
hn ng k=150-200
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1.4- Thit b hn kh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.2- Cng ngh v thit b hn vy
K/n: Hn vy l phng php ni cc chi tit kim loi hoc hp kim trng thi rn
nh mt kim loi trung gian gi l vy hn - c nhit nng chy thp hn kim loi
chi tit hn
S hnh thnh mi hn y ch yu da vo qu trnh ho tan v khuch tn ca
vy hn vo kim loi vt hn mi ni.
c im:
Hn Vy
(Soldering/Brazing)
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.2- Cng ngh v thit b hn vy
IV.2.2- Vy hn v thuc hn
Vy hn
Thuc hn
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.3- Cng ngh v thit b dn kim loi
K/n: Bn cnh cc phng php hn vy v tn riv, mt kh nng tip theo thu
c mi hn kim loi khng th tho ri ta c l dn kim loi nh keo dn.
IV.3.2- Keo
IV.3.3- Cng ngh dn
Dn
(Bonding)
T c ti liu
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Mt s phng php hn c bit
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
-Inertia Friction Welding.flv
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1- Khi nim, c im
K/n Ct t kim loi en, kim loi mu v hp kim bng h quang in hoc bng ngn
la kh chy u l nhng phng php t nng lm vt cn ct t ti im nng
chy, b chy mnh v b ct ri ra. Mc ch ca ct t ngc vi phng php hn.
V.1.1- Ct t bng h quang in
K/n: Ct t bng h quang in l qu trnh nung chy v ct t kim loi bng nhit
lng ca h quang in
in cc ca h quang c th l than hoc l kim loi
c im:
Khng kinh t, kh thc hin khi chiu dy cn ct ln v thng cho ng ct khng
u, do n thng ch hay dng tho ri cc c cu kim loi, c v ct t h
thng u ngt, u hi, u rt ca cc vt c.
u im c bn khng ch dng ct t c thp m cn c th ct t c gang
v kim loi mu.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1- Khi nim, c im
V.1.2- Ct t bng ngn la kh chy
K/n: Ct t bng ngt la kh chy l qu trnh nung chy v ct t kim loi bng
nhit lng ca ngn la kh chy
C 2 phng php: ct t bng kh xy v ct t bng kh xy cng cht tr
dung
1. Ct t bng kh xy
2. Ct t bng kh xy cng cht tr dung
Gang, nhm ng v cc hp kim mu khng th ct bng kh xy c.
Ct thp c lng cacbon di 0,3% v thp hp kim thp. i vi thp hp kim
cao th trc khi ct phi t nng trc ti 650 - 700
0
C
Ct t cc loi thp khng g, thp chu nhit, gang v mt s kim loi mu
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VI.1- Cc loi khuyt tt hn
Khuyt tt bn ngoi Khuyt tt bn trong
- sai lch kch thc
- khng tit din
- khng u
- nt ngoi
- r x, r kh bn ngoi
- chy cnh
- chy trn
- ...
- khng ngu
- r kh, ln x
- nt, r co
- qu nhit
- vng nh hng nhit qu ln
- sai t chc
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VI.2- Cc phng php kim tra cht lng hn
Kim tra ph hu Kim tra khng ph hu
Th c tnh: ko, nn, un, xon, p
Soi kim tng: xem ht, t chc
Th n mn
Th mi mn
Chp siu m
Chp tia X (X-Ray)
Th t tnh
Th thu tnh (kim tra kn)
o: thc, dng
Xem bng mt thng
Dng cht ch th mu
Chp bng tia gama
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
I. nh ngha, c im, phn loi, vt liu v ng dng
II. Nguyn l ct gt kim loi
V. Cc phng php cng ngh gia cng trn cc my cng c
III. My cng c
IV. Nguyn tc g lp khi gia cng trn my cng c
VI. Cc phng php cng ngh gia cng c bit
C KH I CNG - ME2030
CHNG 7 - GIA CNG CT GT TRN MY CNG C
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Thc cht
Gia cng kim loi bng ct gt l qu trnh cng ngh ct mt lp kim loi (phoi) khi phi
liu Vt phm c hnh dng theo yu cu.
Qu trnh gia cng ct gt c tin hnh trn cc my cng c.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.1- Khi nim c bn.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.1- Khi nim c bn.
Phi c chuyn ng chnh V l chuyn ng quay trn
Dng c ct (dao tin) th c chuyn ng chy dao gi l bc tin S (chuyn
ng thng dc trc phi).
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.1- Khi nim c bn.
Khi bo trong my bo ngang (b) th dng c ct (dao bo) c chuyn ng chnh V
(chuyn ng thng, ti - lui), cn phi c chuyn ng chy vi bc tin S (chuyn
ng thng).
Khi bo trn my bo ging (c), phi s c chuyn ng chnh V (chuyn ng thng,
ti - lui), cn dng c ct (dao bo) th c chuyn ng chy dao vi bc tin S
(chuyn ng thng)
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.1- Khi nim c bn.
Khi khoan thng thng th dng c ct (mi khoan) va c c chuyn ng
chnh V (chuyn ng quay trn) va c c chuyn ng chy dao vi bc tin
S (chuyn ng thng).
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.1- Khi nim c bn.
Khi phay th ngc li vi tin, dng d ct (dao phay) s thc hin chuyn ng
chnh V (chuyn ng quay trn),
Phi th thc hin chuyn ng vi bc tin S (chuyn ng thng).
V
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
I.1- Khi nim c bn.
Khi mi trn ngoi, dng c ct ( mi) c chuyn ng chnh V quay trn, cn
phi th chuyn ng chy vi bc tin S (quay trn v chuyn ng dc).
Khi mi phng, dng c ct ( mi) c chuyn ng chnh V quay trn, v
chuyn ng bc tin ngang, cn phi th c chuyn ng bc tin dc.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
I. nh ngha, c im, phn loi v ng dng
III. My cng c
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.1- Cc thng s c bn ca ch ct gt.
Vn tc ct
(V)
Lng chy dao
(Bc tin)
(S)
Chiu su ct
(t)
Din tch lp ct
Thi gian gia cng Thi gian chy
my
Tc ct V l on ng i trong mt n v thi gian ca mt im trn b mt
gia cng hoc mt im trn li ct.
Phi
quay
trn
Lng chy
dao (S)
Chiu su ct (t)
Phoi
Li ct
Thn dao
1000
Dn
V

= (m/pht)
D - ng knh phi.(mm)
n - S vng quay ca phi
(hoc dng c ct trong mt
pht).
Phi (Dng c ct) quay trn
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Vn tc ct
(V)
Lng chy dao
(Bc tin)
(S)
Chiu su ct
(t)
Din tch lp ct
my
Tc ct V l on ng i trong mt n v thi gian ca mt im trn b mt
gia cng hoc mt im trn li ct.
Phi
quay
trn
Li ct
t
L
V
1000
=
(m/pht)
L - Chiu di hnh trnh (mm).
t - Thi gian mt hnh trnh
(pht).
Phi (Dng c ct) chuyn ng thng
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Vn tc ct
(V)
Lng chy dao
(Bc tin)
(S)
Chiu su ct
(t)
Din tch lp ct
my
Lng chy dao (bc tin) l khong di ng ca dng c ct theo chiu dc ca
khi phi quay mt vng
Phi
quay
trn
Li ct
Phoi
Phi
quay
trn
Phoi
Li ct
Thn dao
Lng chy
dao (S)
Chiu su ct (t)
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Vn tc ct
(V)
Lng chy dao
(Bc tin)
(S)
Chiu su ct
(t)
Din tch lp ct
my
Phi
quay
trn
Lng chy dao (bc tin) S khi tin l khong di ng ca dng c ct theo
chiu dc khi phi quay mt vng [mm/vng]
Lng chy dao khi phay l s di chuyn ca phi (tnh bng mm) khi dao phay
quay mt vng (So) hoc khi dao phay quay mt rng (Sz), hoc l s di chuyn ca
phi (tnh bng mm) trong mt pht (Sm)
So = Sz . Z
Sm = So . n = Sz . Z . n
Z: s rng ca dao phay
n: s vng quay ca dao phay trong mt
pht
Lng chay sao khi khoan l khong di ng ca mi khoan dc theo trc trong
vng quay ca mi khoan
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Vn tc ct
(V)
Lng chy dao
(Bc tin)
(S)
Chiu su ct
(t)
Din tch lp ct
my
Phi
quay
trn
Li ct
Khi tin ngoi
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Vn tc ct
(V)
Lng chy dao
(Bc tin)
(S)
Chiu su ct
(t)
Din tch lp ct
my
Phi
quay
trn
Chiu su ct l khong cch gia mt cn gia cng v mt gia cng sau mt
ln dng c ct chy qua
2
D
t =
(mm)
D- ng knh mi khoan (mm).
Khi khoan
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Vn tc ct
(V)
Lng chy dao
(Bc tin)
(S)
Chiu su ct
(t)
Din tch lp ct
my
Phi
quay
trn
Li ct
Din tch lp ct (f) l tch s gia bc tin S v chiu su ct t hoc
tch s gia chiu dy ct a v chiu rng ct b.
b a t s f . . = =
(mm
2
)
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Vn tc ct
(V)
Lng chy dao
(Bc tin)
(S)
Chiu su ct
(t)
Din tch lp ct
my
Phi
quay
trn
Li ct
Thi gian gia cng mt chi tit trn my gm thi gian my, thi gian ph, thi
gian phc v v thi gian ngh ngi
Thi gian my (cn gi l thi gian chnh)
Thi gian my Tm dng tin mt chi tit vi nhiu ln chy dao c tnh theo
cng thc:
n S
i L
T
m
.
.
=
[pht]
L: Chiu di hnh trnh ca dao theo hng chy dao (mm)
i: s ln chy dao
S: lng chy dao ca dao (mm/vng)
n: s vng quay ca phi trong mt pht
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Vn tc ct
(V)
Lng chy dao
(Bc tin)
(S)
Chiu su ct
(t)
Din tch lp ct
my
Phi
quay
trn
Li ct
Thi gian ph T
p
Thi gian phc v ch lmvic T
pv
Thi gian ngh ngi T
n
Thi gian gia cng mt chi tit trn my (mc thi gian cho mt sn phm) c
tnh theo cng thc:
Tc = Tm + Tp + Tpv + Tn [pht ]
Nng sut trong mt pht ca my c th tnh theo cng
thc:
c
T
N
1
=
[ci/pht]
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.2- Hnh dng hnh hc v cc thng s ca dng c ct.
II.2.1. Cu to dng c ct
u dao (A), (cn gi l phn ct, phn
cng tc hay phn lm vic), trn c cc
mt v c cc li ct.
Thn dao (B), thn dao dng kp trong
gi dao.
Mt trc (1), mt ca dao theo phoi
thot ra ngoi trong qu trnh ct,
Mt sau chnh (2), mt ca dao i din
vi mt ang gia cng ca chi tit
Mt sau ph (3), mt ca dao i din vi
mt gia cng ca chi tit
Mt y (4).
Giao tuyn gia mt trc (1) v mt sau
chnh (2) l li ct chnh ca dao.
Giao tuyn gia mt trc (1) v mt sau
ph (3) l li ct ph ca dao.
nh a l mi dao
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.2.2. Cc mt trn phi
C ba loi b mt khi gia cng chi tit.
- B mt cn gia cng l b mt cn ht phoi
- B mt gia cng l b mt c c sau khi ht phoi
- B mt ang gia cng l b mt do li ct chnh to nn
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.2.3. Cc thng s hnh hc ca u dao
Mt phng ct gt l mt phng tip
tuyn vi b mt ang gia cng v i
qua li ct chnh.
Mt phng c s l mt phng song
song vi hng chy chy dao dc v
hng chy dao ngang
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Gc sau chnh l gc hp thnh bi mt sau chnh
v mt phng ct gt. Gc ny thay i nh hng n
ma st gia mt sau chnh v mt ang gia cng. Khi
tng th ma st gim, dn n nhit ct v lc ct
gim, bng v chnh xc gia cng tng v ngc
li. Thng thng =6
0
12
0
Gc trc chnh l gc hp thnh bi mt trc ca
dao v mt phng vung gc vi mt phng ct gt v
i qua li ct chnh. Gc trc chnh lm cho qu
trnh ct c d dng. Gc c th ly t -10 n 15
0
,
tu theo vt liu gia cng. Gc trc thay i s nh
hng n qu trnh ct, v d: tng th dao s nhn
v sc, khi ct kim loi bin dng t, phoi thot d, lc
ct v nhit gim, nhng dao li yu, nn thng dng
khi gia cng tinh t bng v chnh xc cao.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Gc sc l gc hp bi mt trc v mt sau chnh.
Gc ny c nh hng n sc khi ct v quan h
vi gc trc , gc sau theo cng thc sau:
+ + = 90
0
Gc ct l gc hp bi mt trc v mt phng ct.
Gc ny xc nh v tr ca im ct v c quan h vi
gc theo cng thc sau:
+ = 90
0
hoc = +
Gc sau chnh
Gc trc chnh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Gc nghing chnh nm trong mt phng c s l
gc gia hnh chiu ca li ct chnh ln mt phng
c s v hng chy dao. Gc ny bin ng trong
khong t 30 ti 70
0
. Nu chiu su ct khng i th
khi thay i s nh hng n chiu dy v chiu
rng ca lp phoi ct, do nh hng n nhit ct,
lc ct.
Gc nghing ph nm trong mt phng c s
1
l
gc gia hnh chiu ca li ct ph ln mt phng c
s v hng chy dao. Gc ny bin ng trong
khong 10 - 15
0
. Gc ny thay i s nh hng n
phng ma st ca mt sau ph v mt gia cng,
n nhit ct v bng ca b mt gia cng. Khi
1
gim th ma st v nhit ct tng s lm gim bng
b mt v ngc li
Gc nh dao l gc hnh thnh gia hnh chiu ca
li ct chnh v ph trn mt y. Cng vi hai gc
nghing v 1 gc nh c quan h sau:
+ + = 180
0
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Gc nng l gc to bi li ct chnh v hnh
chiu ca n trn mt y.
Gc nng mi dao
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.3- Cc hin tng c l khi ct gt
Trong qu trnh ct gt xy ra nhiu hin tng vt l v c hc trong vng ct nh: qu
trnh hnh thnh phoi, lc ct; s to thnh nhit ct; s mi mn dao ....
II.3.1. Qu trnh to thnh phoi
Thc cht ca qu trnh ct gt kim loi l ct i trn b mt ca phi mt lp kim
loi (gi l phoi) t c hnh dng, kch thc v bng yu cu.
Qu trnh to thnh phoi
Phi
Cc
phn
t ca
phoi
Dao
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.3.1. Qu trnh to thnh phoi
Tu theo vt liu gia cng v iu kin gia cng (ch ct gt) m to ra cc dng
phoi khc nhau nh: phoi vn, phoi xp, phoi dy.
Phoi vn c to nn khi gia cng vt liu gin
ging nh gang
Phoi xp c to thnh khi gia cng kim loi c
cng trung bnh vi tc ct nh.
Phoi dy to nn khi gia cng thp c cng thp
(ng, ch) vi tc ct ln.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.3.2. Nhit khi ct kim loi v nh hng ca nhit n qu trnh ct
Q = Qc + Qp + Qd + Qkk
Nhit sinh ra vng ct do bin dng do ca kim loi vng v mt phn do ma st gia dao v phi hoc dao
v phoi
Lng nhit sinh ra ph thuc vo vt liu phi; dao ct; ch ct (y, t, s); cc yu t hinh hc ca dao
Qc - lng nhit truyn vo chi tit ( 4%)
Qd - lng nhit truyn vo dao ( 15 20%)
Qp - lng nhit truyn vo phoi ( 75 80%)
Qkk - lng nhit truyn vo khng kh (khong 1%)
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.3.3. S mi mn ca dng c ct
a- mi mn mt sau
b- mi mn mt trc
c- mi mn c hai mt
mi mn dao theo thi gian
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.3.4. Lc ct
Trong qu trnh ct, dao ct chu tc dng ca mt s thnh phn lc ct nh lc ma
st gia phi v dao; lc sinh v do bin dng do, bin dng n hi,
Lc ct chnh P
Z
, n cng phng v chiu vi vc
t vn tc ct v c gi tr ln nht. P
Z
c xu hng
un cong thn dao hoc lm gy dao. Ngi ta dng
lc P
z
tnh cng sut ng c chnh ca my v
kim nghim bn thn dao.
Lc chy dao P
X
c chiu ngc li vi chiu dch
chuyn dao. B mt ang gia cng cn li s tin dao
gy ra P
X'
tc dng ln c bn xe dao. Gi tr ca P
X
rt nh so vi lc ct chnh P
Z
Lc hng knh P
Y
l lc sinh v do phi tc dng
theo chiu n su ca dao v dc theo thn dao. P
Y
gy s mt n nh ca phi v cng tc dng ln c
cu kp dao, bn xe dao. Gi tr P
Y
khng ln lm.
P 1,11 P
Z
Gi tr cc lc thnh phn thng theo t l sau:
P
Z
: P
Y
: P
X
= 1 : 0,4 : 0,25
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.3.4. Vt liu ch to dng c ct kim loi
II.3.4.1. Yu cu
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.3.4.2. Cc loi vt liu c dng ch to dng c ct
Thp cc bon dng c.
Thp ny sau khi nhit luyn t cng 60 63 HRC, d mi sc v c bng cao. Thp cc
bon dng c c tnh nhit luyn km, chu nhit thp. Nng n 200 300
0
C thp mt
cng.
Ngy nay ch dng thp ny ch to dng c ct trong gia cng ngui nh ca, da, c ....
Mc thp hay dng l Y8, Y8A, Y10 (CD80, CD80A, CD100)
Thp hp kim dng c.
c tnh c hc ca loi ny cng tng t nh thp cc bon dng c. Tuy vy im ni bt ca
loi ny l tnh nhit luyn tt, su nhit luyn cao hn, t bin dng hn, chu mi mn
Thp dng c hp kim mc 9XC, XB ch to cc dng c ct nh ta r, bn ren v cc
loi dao mnh, nh gia cng ngui.
Thp gi
Thp gi l loi vt liu lm dng c ct rt ph bin. N c cng khng cao hn hai loi trn
nhiu (62 65 HRC) nhng chu nhit cao hn (n 650
0
C). Thp gi dng ch to dao
tin, mi khoan v li ct ca dao phay.
Loi thp c k hiu P9, P12, P6M5 dng ct vi tc trung bnh.
Loi thp P18, P9K5, P182 dng ct vi tc cao hn cho phi c cng thp,
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II.3.4.2. Cc loi vt liu c dng ch to dng c ct
Hp kim cng.
Hp kim cng l loi vt liu c kh nng ct gt rt cao. chu nhit ln n 1000
0
C,
cng ca vt liu t 70 92 HRC. Tuy c gi thnh kh cao, nhng ngi ta vn dng rt
nhiu v l loi vt liu khng phi nhit luyn, ct vi tc cao, nng sut ct cao
Loi nhm mt cc bit BK8, BK10 ch dng thch hp ct gang, ct hp kim nhm
c,
Loi nhm hai cc bit nh T5K10, T15K6 thch hp gn ln thn dao ct vt liu
do vi cc dng b mt khc nhau.
Vt liu gm.
Loi vt liu phi kim nhng c kh nng ct gt tt khi gia cng tinh hoc bn tinh vi iu
kin ct nh.
Kim cng
Dao lm bng vt liu kim cng c u th ln v cng, chu nhit, nhng gi thnh
cao. Kim cng c hai loi kim cng nhn to v kim cng thin nhin.
Dng dao kim cng ct loi vt liu rt cng, sa mi,
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
III. My cng c
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
T nhng th k trc khi c
kh bt u pht trin
C kh pht trin mnh m, ng dng trn
mi lnh vc, p ng yu cu a dng v khi
lng, hnh dng, kch thc,
Mt trong cc vn c bn nht ca c kh l thit k cc c cu
truyn ng hp l m bo yu cu v c tnh chuyn ng, hiu
sut, khi lng, kch thc, cht lng, gi thnh,
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.1. Phn loi v k hiu my cng c
III.1.1. Phn loi
- Theo khi lng:
- Theo chnh xc ca my:
- Theo mc gia cng ca my gm:
- Phn loi theo cng c v
chc nng lm vic:
- Phn loi theo mc t ng
ha:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.1.2. K hiu my cng c:
- Ch u tin ch nhm my: T - tin; KD - Khoan doa; M - mi; TH - t hp; P -
phay; BX - bo xc; C - ct t;
- Ch s tip theo biu th kiu my, c trng cho mt trong nhng kch thc
quan trng ca chi tit hay dng c gia cng
- Cc ch ci ch r chc nng, mc t ng ho, chnh xc v ci tin
my
V d: T620A: ch T - tin; s 6 - kiu vn nng; s 20 - chiu cao tm my l 200
mm tng ng vi ng knh ln nht gia cng trn my l 400mm, ch A - ci
tin t my T620
Theo tiu chun Vit Nam, my cng c c 5 cp chnh xc theo cc ch ci E, D,
C, B, A. Trong E l cp chnh xc thng; B l cp chnh xc c bit cao; A l
cp siu chnh xc
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.1.2. K hiu my cng c:
My Nhm
Kiu my
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ghi ch
Tin T
T ng
v mt
trc chnh
Na t
ng
nhiu trc
Revonve
Khoan ct
t
ng
- Vn
nng
- Ct
Nhiu dao
Chuyn
dng
Cc my
tin khc
Khoan -
doa
KD ng
Na t
ng v
mt trc
chnh
Doa to
Khoan
cn
Doa
Doa kim
cng
Khoan
ngang
Cc my
khoan
khc
Bo - xc
chut
B - XCH
Ging
mt tr
Ging
hai tr
Bo
ngang
Xc
Chut
ngang
-
Chut
ng
-
Cc my
khc
Phay P
Phay
ng cng
xn
Phay tc
dng lin
tc
-
Phay chp
hnh
Phay
ng cng
xn
Phay
ging
Phay vn
nng rng
Cng xn
nm
ngang
Cc my
khc
Mi v
nh
bng
M Mi trn
Mi trong
(l)
Mi th
Chuyn
dng
- Mi sc Mi rng
Mi
nghin v
nh bng
Cc my
khc
T hp
gia cng
rng v
ren
TH
R
-
Bo xc
bnh rng
tr
-
Ct bnh
rng cn
-
Phay rng
tr v trc
-
Phay bnh
vt
-
Gia cng
mt du
rng
Phay ren
-
Gia cng
rng c
bit
-
Mi rng
v ren
-
Cc my
khc
Ct t C
Ct t
bng dao
tin
Ct t
bng
mi
a
Nn thng
ct t
Ca bng Ca a Ca li - -
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.2. Truyn dn v cc c cu truyn ng trong my cng c
III.2.1. Nhng khi nim c bn:
A) T s truyn:
t s truyn (k hiu l i) l t s gia s vng quay ca
trc b ng (n
2
) trn s vng quay ca trc ch ng (n
1
)
= = = =
Z
K
Z
Z
d
d
n
n
i
2
1
2
1
1
2
i - t s truyn
n - s vng quay,
d - ng knh puli
Z - s rng ca bnh rng
K - s u mi trc vt,
ch s 1: biu th trc ch ng
ch s 2: biu th trc b ng
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.2.1. Nhng khi nim c bn:
B) Phn loi c cu truyn ng:
C cu truyn ng phn cp:
C cu truyn ng v cp:
C cu truyn ng gin on:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.2.2. Cc c cu truyn ng trong my cng c
III.2.2.1. Truyn ng ai
+) 2 puli ch ng v b ng.
+) ai( tit din hnh thang hoc dt)
T s truyn:
Vi: - h s trt
D
1
, D
2
- ng knh ngoi cc puli
n
1
, n
2
- vn tc vng ca puli 1, 2
ai thang hay ai dt truyn chuyn ng quay trn gia hai puli vi t s

truyn i
= =
2
1
1
2
.
D
D
n
n
i
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.2.2.2. Truyn ng bnh rng
gm nhng cp bnh rng tr hoc cn n khp
vi nhau
Loi truyn ng ny nhm truyn chuyn ng quay gia cc trc song
song hay vung gc vi nhau nh cc bnh rng
1
2
2
1
n
n
Z
Z
i = =
Z
1
, Z
2
- s rng ca bnh rng
n
1
, n
2
- s vng quay ca bnh rng
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.2.2.3. Truyn ng trc vt - bnh vt
L dng truyn ng quay gia hai trc khng song song. Bnh vt c s
rng Z
bv
n khp vi trc vt c s u mi K (K = 1, 2, 3).
T s truyn ca loi truyn ng ny rt nh v tnh theo cng thc
i = K/Z
bv
dng thay i mc ln gi tr vng quay n gia hai trc quay
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.2.2.4. Truyn ng trc vt me - ai c:
Bin chuyn ng quay trn thnh chuyn ng tnh tin, trc vt quay trn
ti ch, ai c tnh tin
di tnh tin S c tnh theo s vng quay n v bc trc vt t
x
Trc vt me c th ch l mt u mi, hai u mi, rng tri hay rng phi
S: di tnh tin
n: s vng quay
t
x
: bc trc vt
S = n. t
x
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.2.2.5. Truyn ng thanh rng bnh rng
Bin chuyn ng quay thnh tnh tin hoc ngc li
S n khp gia thanh rng c bc t = m v bnh rng c s rng Z c
tnh theo cng thc:
S = t.Z.n = mZn
m - s modun ca rng
n- s vng quay ca bnh rng Z.
Z - s rng ca bnh rng
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.2.3. Cc c cu thay i tc
III.2.3.1. Khi bnh rng di trt
n
I
n
II
Z
1
Z
3
Z
2
Z
4
1
2
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.2.3.2. C cu li hp vu
n
I
n
II
Z
1
Z
3
Z
2
Z
4
1
2
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.2.3.3. C cu Nooctng
a i i
a b b
Z Z Z
i = .
Z Z Z
=
A, B, C, D, , E l v tr ca
tay gt bnh rng n khp
vi bnh rng thp.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
III. My cng c
III.2.4. C cu o chiu quay
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
III. My cng c
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1. Khi nim v nh v - chun - g kp trn my cng c
IV.1.1. Bc t do
Mt khi lp phng trong khng gian b
khng ch bi mt xOy 3 bc t do: Tz, Qy,
Qx; mt yOz 2 bc t do: Tx, Qz; mt zOx 1
bc t do: Ty
Mt vt rn tuyn i trong khng gian c 6 bc t do. Khi t trong to cc
Oxyz c th phn tch thnh cc chuyn ng tnh tin dc trc Ox, Oy, Oz l Tx, Ty,
Tz v quay quanh trc Ox, Oy, Oz l Qx, Qy, Qz.
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1.2. Nguyn tc nh v
Khi bc t do c khng ch th v tr theo phng c xc nh, gi l
nh v
iu kin cn v mt vt rn trong khng gian c nh v (c nh hon
ton) l: 6 bc t do c khng ch, trong 3 bc t do phi c khng ch theo
3 phng khc nhau v mt trc quay tc thi khng trng vi 6 bc t do
Nhng trng hp siu nh v gm:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1.3. K hiu qui c
1. Tnh cht cng ngh ca b mt
2. Mt tip xc (chun):
- Mt th: nt kp =>
- Mt tinh: nt n
3. Chc nng thnh phn cng ngh: Vu t, cht, cht
trm,
4. Mt tip xc:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1.4. Chun g kp
Chun th l b mt c chn ln u, ch chn mt ln duy nht
Chun tinh l b mt chn g kp trong nhng bc gia cng tip theo
V d: gia cng b mt l trn mt phi c hnh tr, ta c 2 trng hp chn chun
th:
- Nu phi c, ta chn mt tr ngoi ca phi lm chun v kp trn my tin,
khoan l.
- Sau ly l lm chun tinh gia cng mt tr.
- Nu phi c l c, ta ly l lm chun th gia cng mt tr ngoi
Nguyn tc chn chun th:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
IV.1.4. Chun g kp
Nguyn tc chn chun th:
Nguyn tc chn chun tinh:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
III. My cng c
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1. Cng ngh tin
V.1.1. Cng dng v phn loi
My tin l loi c s lng ln trong nh my c kh (40 50%), bi v my tin c th gia
cng c nhiu dng b mt:
- Mt trn xoay ngoi v trong (l)
- Cc mt tr, cn hay nh hnh
- Cc loi ren (tam gic, thang, vung,)
- Mt phng mt u hoc ct t
Ngoi ra trn my tin c th dng khoan l, doa l, thm ch gia cng cc b mt khng trn
xoay nh c cu c bit hoc g
Gia cng trn my tin c kh nng t chnh xc rt cao v nhn trung bnh R
Z
40; 2,5 ( 5 6)
Phn loi
+ Cn c vo khi lng ca my:
+ Cn c vo cng dng ca my:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1. Cng ngh tin
V.1.2. My tin ren vt vn nng:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1. Cng ngh tin
V.1.2. My tin ren vt vn nng:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1. Cng ngh tin
V.1.3. Dao tin v cc s ct:
Mi mt dng b mt tng ng vi mt loi dao tin khc nhau
- Cc dao tin u thng 1 ch dng gia
cng mt tr hoc cn ngoi (hnh a)
- Cc dao tin u cong 2, 3, 4 dng gia
cng mt u hoc mt tr trong
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.1. Cng ngh tin
V.1.4. Mt s phng php gia cng c bit trn my tin
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.2. Cng ngh khoan, doa
V.2.1. Cng dng v Phn loi
My khoan - doa dng gia cng l hnh tr bng cc dng c ct nh: mi
khoan, mi khot v dao doa
My khoan l loi my to ra l th, khi khoan ch t chnh xc thp, bng nh
(2- 3 hay Rz100 - Rz60)
nng cao chnh xc v bng b mt l, phi dng khot hay doa trn my
doa. Sau khi doa, chnh xc t cp 1 hoc 2 v bng c th t (7 8)
- My khoan, doa c chuyn ng chnh l chuyn ng quay trn ca trc mang
dao. Chuyn ng chy dao l chuyn ng tnh tin ca dao
- Ring trn my khoan c th dng dng c ta r, bn ren gia cng ren
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Phn loi
- My khoan bn:
- My khoan ng:
- My khoan cn
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
Phn loi
- My khoan nhiu trc: l loi c th
lp cng mt khoan cc mi khoan
cng lm vic theo mt ch . My
dng trong sn xut hng lot
- My khoan su: c trc chnh nm ngang
khoan cc l c su ln. VD: khoan
nng sng, nng pho, ...
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.2.2. Dng c ct trn my khoan - doa
Mi khoan: trong ct gt kim loi c cc loi mi khoan rut g, mi khoan su, mi
khoan tm,
Tc ct:
[ ] ph m
dn
v /
1000
=
d - ng knh mi khoan [mm]
n - s vng quay mi khoan [vng/pht]
Chiu su ct t khi khoan trn phi cha c l l:
2
d
t =
Lng chy dao ca khoan sau mi vng quay l Sz = 2S
[mm/vng] (khoan c hai li ct chnh)
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.2.3. c im cng ngh khi khoan trn my
Lc tc dng ln mi khoan:
- Lc hng knh Py cn bng, ch c lc Px v Pz gy ra mt n
nh v gy xon ln mi khoan. V vy, khi gia cng khoan cn lu
n c im ny
- Ch ct qu ln lm tng Pz s gy mi khoan
- Lng n dao Sz ln s gy ra mt n nh v mt chnh xc l
gia cng
- Nu lc Py khng cn cng gy lch hng khoan
Thit k kt cu c l khoan hp l:
a- khng hp l b- hp l
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.3. Cng ngh bo, xc
V.3.1. c im, cng dng v phn loi
Cng dng:
- Dng gia cng cc mt phng ngang, ng hay nm nghing
- Gia cng thun tin cc loi rnh thng vi tit din khc nhau: mang c, ch "T", dng
rng thn khai,
- My cng c kh nng gia cng chp hnh to ra cc mt cong mt chiu
c im: Chuyn ng chnh ca my l chuyn ng tnh tin kh hi (gm mt
hnh trnh c ti v mt hnh trnh chy khng). Chuyn ng chy dao thng l chuyn
ng gin on. Do chuyn ng thng c qun tnh ln v hu hn nn tc khng
cao, nng sut thp. Gia cng trn my bo, xc ch t chnh xc thp v nhn
km
Phn loi:
- My bo thun li khi gia cng cc b mt di v hp pha ngoi.
- My xc ch dng hn ch trong gia cng rnh trong (rnh then, bnh rng trong,)
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.3. Cng ngh bo, xc
V.3.2. My bo, xc
Tu theo nhng c trng v cng ngh, my bo c chia thnh my bo ngang,
my bo ging, my xc (bo ng) v cc my chuyn mn ho
Trong mi mt phn nhm nu trn li c nhiu kiu my c cu trc khc nhau.
My bo ngang c th c c cu culit, c cu bnh rng (thanh rng), c cu
thu lc, c cu quay tay.v.v
My bo ging c loi mt tr v loi hai tr.
My xc c lou culit - tay quay, c loi thu lc.
My chuyn dng gm c my bo chp hnh, my bo rnh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.3. Cng ngh bo, xc
V.3.2. My bo, xc
- Tu theo nhng c trng v cng ngh, my bo c chia thnh my bo ngang,
My bo ngang: dng gia cng nhng phi khng ln (thng nh hn 600mm)
1- v ca c cu culit
2- tay kp u trt
3- tay gt ca trc nng bn my
4- tay gt ca trc tin ngang
5- bn my
6- gi dao
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.3. Cng ngh bo, xc
V.3.2. My bo, xc
- Tu theo nhng c trng v cng ngh, my bo c chia thnh my bo ngang,
My bo ging: dng gia cng cc phi ln nh thn my
Bn my cng vi phi di chuyn theo chiu dc (chuyn ng chnh) cn dao bo kp
trn gi dao th di chuyn theo chiu ngang (chuyn ng tin).
Trn my bo ging c th gia cng nhng phi di ti 12m trn ba mt cng mt lc
(mt trn v hai mt bn).
My xc: l mt loi my bo ng c u my chuyn
ng theo chiu thng ng.
My xc c dng gia cng trong l, rnh, mt
phng v mt nh hnh ca phi c chiu cao khng
ln v chiu ngang ln
1- gi dao
2- thn my
3- bn my
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.3. Cng ngh bo, xc
V.3.3. K thut bo
a- bo th: t v S ln
b- dao bo mt mt: bo ging, mt thng
ng
c- dao bo nghing: bo mt nghing
d- bo rnh: dao cong
e- bo rnh: dao thng
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.3. Cng ngh bo, xc
V.3.4. Dao bo
a- dao bo ngoi
b- dao bo mt mt
c- dao bo ct
d- dao bo nh hnh
e- dao bo thng
g- dao bo cong
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.3. Cng ngh bo, xc
V.3.5. S ct khi bo, xc
Gia cng rnh mang c
Gia cng rnh ch T
GC trn my bo
GC trn my xc
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.4. Cng ngh phay
V.4.1. c im, phn loi v cng dng
c im: - Trong my phay, chuyn ng chnh l chuyn ng quay trn ca dao phay nn cu
to ca dao thng ph hp vi s quay trn ca trc dao nm ngang hay thng ng
- Phay l phng php khng ch t nng sut cao m cn t c nhn bng, chnh xc xp
x vi khi gia cng tin
Cng dng: My phay dng phi bin gia cng mt phng, cc loi rnh cong v phng, cc
dng b mt nh hnh. Mt s my phay chuyn gia cng bnh rng
Phn loi:
- My phay vn nng: l loi c trc thng ng hoc nm ngang, c th gia cng c nhiu dng b
mt khc nhau
- My phay chuyn dng: ch gia cng mt s loi b mt nht nh gm: my phay bnh rng, my
phay ren,
- My phay ging: gia cng nhng chi tit ln
My phay vn
nng nm ngang
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.4. Cng ngh phay
V.4.2. Dao phay
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.4. Cng ngh phay
V.4.3. S ct khi phay
D loi dao phay g th s ct ca n cng tng t nh nhau
- Khi phay dao quay trn theo tc ca trc chnh my
phay. Tc ct ny tnh theo cng thc sau:
[ ] ph m
Dn
v /
1000
=
D- ng knh ca dao phay (mm).
n - s vng quay ca trc chnh
(vg/ph)
- V dao phay c Z li ct nn sau mt vng hoc mt
pht cc li tham gia ct mt lng bng nhau, do ta
chia ra:
+ Lng chy dao rng S
Z
(mm/rng)
+ Lng chy dao vng S
V
(mm/vng)
+ Lng chy dao pht S (mm/ph)
S = S
V
.n = S
Z
.z.n
z - l s rng ca dao phay.
n - s vng quay ca dao trong mt pht
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.4. Cng ngh phay
V.4.3. S ct khi phay
- Chiu su phay t (mm) l chiu su lp kim loi ct i trong mt hnh trnh phay
(khong cch gia b mt gia cng v b mt cha gia cng)
- Chiu rng phay B (mm) l chiu rng gia cng sau mt hnh trnh phay o theo
phng song song vi trc dao
- Chiu dy ct a (mm) thay i t a
min
n a
max
l khong cch gia hai v tr k
tip nhau ca qu o chuyn ng ca mt im trn li ct o theo phng vung
gc vi li ct chnh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.4. Cng ngh phay
V.4.4. Cc phng php gia cng phay
Phay thun: chiu dy tit din ct thay i t a
max
n
a
min
( 0). Li dao khng b trt v gy lc p, p
cht phi ln bn my. Nhng s va p ca phi v
li dao ln d lm gy rng dao
Phay nghch: do li dao ct t di ln c xu hng
nng phi nn gy ra rung ng; dao thng b trt
khi dao cn, nhng li trnh c lp bin cng mt
ngoi
Phay thun GC tinh
Phay nghchGC th
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.4. Cng ngh phay
V.4.5. u phn trn my phay
- Nhim v ca n l chia u hay khng u cc vt gia cng trn phi. u phn
t trn bn my phay nm ngang (hoc ng) dng khi cn phay cc loi rnh thng,
xon trn phi bng dao phay m un, dao phay ngn,
- Khi chia u: ngi ta dng phn gin on n gin (chia chn) hoc phn vi
sai (chia khng chn)
1- trc chnh mang
phi
2- cp bnh vt trc
vt
3,7 - a phn
4- tay quay + cht
5- trc mang bnh
rng
6-
8,9- trc bnh rng
thay th
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.4. Cng ngh phay
V.4.5. u phn trn my phay
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.5. Cng ngh mi
V.5.1. Khi nim va c im
K/n: Mi l phng php gia cng dng dng c ct l mi. Mi c th gia cng
th ct b lp th cng mt ngoi cc loi phi, nhng a s trng hp l gia
cng tinh
Chuyn ng chnh khi mi l chuyn ng quay trn ca :
D
- ng knh ca mi.
n
- s vng quay trc chnh mang (vng/pht)

[ ] s m
n D
v

/
1000 . 60
.
=
c im khi mi:
Mi l phng php gia cng lm nng cao chnh xc v bng (chnh xc cp 2,
bng cp 8 - 10). Mt khc mi c th ct c cc b mt ti cng, cc loi thp
dng c
Do dng mi gia cng tinh nn my mi c thit k c th mi c mi b mt
m cc phng php gia cng xt khng to ra c. V d: mi trn ngoi, mi trn
trong, mi phng, mi ren, mi cn
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.5. Cng ngh mi
V.5.2. mi
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.5. Cng ngh mi
V.5.3. Hnh dng mi
a,b- mi hnh tr, mi trn ngoi
c- mi hnh l
d,g- mi hnh tr, mi chi tit ln
e- mi hnh a
f- mi cn
h- mi mt u
K hiu trn mi: Hng, loi VL mi, ht ca ht mi, cng ca , cht
kt dnh, xp, hnh dng v kch thc
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
V.5. Cng ngh mi
V.5.4. Cc chuyn ng c bn ca my mi
Chuyn ng chnh lun l chuyn ng quay trn ca v
(m/s)
Chuyn ng chy dao c th c 2, 3 loi khc nhau:
Chy dao vng l chuyn ng quay trn ca chi tit v
c
(m/pht)
Chy dao dc l chuyn ng thng kh hi ca bn my mang chi tit S (m/ph)
Chy dao ngang hay chy dao hng knh theo chu k ca bn my S
n
(mm/hnh trnh kp)
My mi trn trong:
1- Thn my
2- trc
3- Mm cp
4- Chi tit gia cng
5- mi
6- Bn my
7- Bn trt ngang
8- Trc chnh mi
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
III. My cng c
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VI.1. Gia cng kim loi bng la in
Cng dng: gia cng cc l su; ch to cc khun dp;
lm bn cc b mt dng c ct; mi sc cc li dao hp kim;
gia cng cc thp nhit luyn, hp kim cng,
Bn cht: xy dng t hin tng n mn kim loi di tc
dng ca s phng cc tia la in:
c im:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VI.2. Gia cng kim loi bng c - in - ho:
1- phi cn gia cng
2- a nhm quay (cc -)
3- vi phun cht in phn
Thc cht ca phng php ny theo qui tc
in phn v hin tng phn cc xy ra trong
qu trnh in phn
Nguyn l:
c im:
Quy trnh:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VI.3. Gia cng ct bng dao ng siu m
Thc cht ca gia cng ct gt bng siu m l truyn dao ng
tn s siu m ( 15kHz) vo dng c ct, dng c truyn siu m
vo cc ht mi, ht mi li va p vo b mt gia cng to nn qu
trnh ct
1- ngun pht Siu m
2- khuch i
3- kch t
4, 5- chn t
6- thanh truyn sng
7- dng c gia cng
8- cun dy
9- vi phun ht mi + dung
dch
10- chi tit gia cng (phi)
c im:
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VI.4. Gia cng ct bng dy
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VI.5. Gia cng bng tia Laser
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VI.6. Gia cng bng tia in t
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VI.7. Gia cng ct bng tia nc p lc cao
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
VI.8. . Gia cng ct bng phun ht mi
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
CHNG 8- GIA CNG NGUI, LP RP V BO QUN SN PHM
I. Cc nguyn cng gia cng ngui
II. Cc dng lp rp v quy trnh cng ngh lp rp
III. Bo v v bo qun sn phm
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
1. Ly du:
l nguyn cng xc nh chun v kch thc sau gia cng theo du.
chnh xc ly du thp ( 0,1) ph thuc vo dng c, thit b v trnh cng
nhn.
Ly du thng cho gia cng th trong sn xut n chic.
Ly du c thc hin bng mt s dng c nh: mi rch, compa, ke, cc dng c
o v.v
2. Cc nguyn cng gia cng th:
1. Da
2. Ca
3. t
4. Cc nguyn cng khc: un, xon, tn, ghp, ...
3. Cc nguyn cng gia cng tinh:
1. Khoan:
2. Khot doa
3. Co
4. Nghin, r
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
II. Cc dng lp rp v quy trnh cng ngh lp rp
III. Bo v v bo qun sn phm
c ti liu
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
CHNG 9- C KH HO, T NG HO TRONG SN XUT C KH
I. Khi nim, mc ch v ngha
II. C kh ho trong sn xut c kh
III. T ng ho trong sn xut c kh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
C kh ho l s thay th sc lao ng th cng (bng tay) ca ngi th bng my v
cc c cu my thc hin vic gia cng, ch to cc chi tit my, thit b hay ton b
my theo mt quy trnh cng ngh xc nh.
CKH c th tin hnh tng phn (khi ch mt b phn hot ng ca my c c
kh ho nh kp cht phi bng mm cp hi, c cu chy nhanh xe dao,...)
C kh ho ton b (khi tt c cc hot ng ca my u c c kh ho). Ngi
cng nhn ch vic iu chnh my hoc vn hnh m khng phi dng sc lc g lp
vt, di chuyn dao ct gt,
II.1.Mt s khi nim c bn
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
CKH qu trnh gia cng chun b phi
CKH qu trnh gia cng ct gt
CKH qu trnh vn chuyn
CKH cng vic g lp phi trn my gia cng ct gt kim loi
CKH qu trnh lp rp
II.2. Mt s dng c kh ho c bn trong sn xut c kh
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
T ng ho trong sn xut l s pht trin hon chnh ca c kh ho, trong vic
iu khin bng tay c thay th bng cc thit b iu khin t ng thng qua cc
chng trnh iu khin lp trc theo yu cu t ra, do vy khng cn ngi iu
khin m ch cn ngi gim st, kim tra.
T ng ho cng c tin hnh tng phn hoc t ng ho ton b:
T ng ho tng phn l ch tng quy trnh cng ngh c thc hin bng
thit b t ng.
Khi t ng ho ton b th b quy trnh cng ngh gia cng chi tit c thc
hin bng cc my hoc cc t hp my t ng
T ng ho c phn loi:
H thng iu khin h
H thng iu khin kn
III.1. Mt s khi nim c bn
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
T ng ho cng - l TH m qu trnh iu khin hot ng ca thit b, my mc v
dng c thc hin bng chng trnh iu khin cng, c thit lp theo yu cu
thit k, ch to sn phm. Qu trnh iu khin t ng, ngi th khng phi trc tip
can thip vo cc hot ng , m ch cn kim tra, gim st chng.
Chng trnh iu khin cng c lu tr trong mt s c cu c kh, phn ln l c
cu cam, cng tc hnh trnh,
III.2. T ng ho cng
Trc phn phi iu khin bng nhiu cam. H iu khin v tr
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
T ng ho mm - l TH, trong qu trnh KT cc hot ng ca thit b, my
mc v dng c bng chng trnh iu khin mm. Qu trnh KT, ngi th
khng phi trc tip can thip hay tc ng vo cc hot ng , m ch cn kim tra,
gim st chng.
III.3. T ng ho mm
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n
TN HC PHN
Chng ?: Tn chng
DWE
C KH I CNG - ME2030
S
t
u
d
e
n
t

V
e
r
s
i
o
n

CKDC 5 9 9261

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CKDC 5 9 9261

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

B mn Hn & Cng ngh Kim loi - HBKHN, Email: bmhan-fme@mail.hut.edu.vn, T: 04.3869 2204, Fax: 04.

c im: Vi thp ngi ta thng ko trng thi nng. Khi

c im: Khi un mt ngoi KL d b

Dao song song

ai thang hay ai dt truyn chuyn ng quay trn gia hai puli vi t s

- s vng quay trc chnh mang (vng/pht)

You might also like