GATE-2014 EC Solved Paper (Morning Session, 15th Feb)

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GATE -2014 Solved Paper
Electronics & Communication
Morning Session (15th February, 2014)
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GATE-2014 Solved Paper EC

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Section - I (General Aptitude)
Q.1 12, 35, 81, 173, 357, _ _ _ ?_ _ _ .
SOL. Correct Answer is 725
Given, the series 12, 35, 81, 173, 357, ....
By observing the series, we may conclude
12 2 11
#
+ 35 =
35 2 11
#
+ 81 =
81 2 11
#
+ 173 =
173 2 11
#
+ 357 =
Thus, the next term in the series is obtained as
357 2 11
#
+ 725 =
Q.2 A flight _ _ _ _ _ _ as soon as its report was filed
(A) is take-off (B) was take-off
(C) will take-off (D) has been taken-off
SOL. Correct option is (D).
Q.3 In a chart given below, the imports and exports of a product is million dollers are
given according to the year basis. In which, deficit is defined as excess of imports over ex-
ports. Then find the year in which deficits is equal to / 1 5
th
of the exports.
(A) 2004 (B) 2005
(C) 2006 (D) 2007
SOL. Correct option is (C)

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From the shown chart, the year 2006 has
Import 120 =
Export 100 =
So, Deficit (excess of import over export)
120 100 20 = - =
Thus, the factor of deficit to export is

Export
Deficit

100
20
5
1
= =
i.e. deficits is equal to th
5
1
of the exports in year 2006.
Q.4 A person having three coins, first coin have both sides head, second coin and third
coin having one head and one tail. If one coin is picked up randomly and tossed then the
probability that it shows head having tail is
(A) 1/ 3 (B) 2/ 3
(C) 1/ 4 (D) 1/ 2
SOL. Correct option is (A)
First coin " H, H
Second coin " H, T
Third coin " T, H
the selection of one out of three coin is 1/ 3. Thus, the probability that it shows head
having tail is
P
3
1
0
2
1
2
1
3
1
= + + =
: D
Q.5 In housing society, half of familiars have a single child per family, while the remain-
ing half have two children per family. The probability that a child picked at random has
a sibling is _ _ _ _ _ .
SOL. Correct Answer is 0.6667
Let the total number of familiars be x. So, the number of familiars having a single child
is / x 2.
The number of familiars having two child is / x 2
Therefore, the number of children having no sibling
x
2
=
The number of children having siblings
x
x 2
2
#
= =
Total number of children x
x x
2 2
3
= + = .
Thus, the probability of a child to have sibling is
P
/
.
x
x
3 2
3
2
06667 = = =
Q.6 m 280 long train travelling with a uniform speed crosses a platform in sec 60 . and

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crosses a person standing on the platform in sec 20 . Then find the length of the platform.
SOL. Correct Answer is 560 m
Given, the length of train m 280 =
Since, the train crosses the person standing on the platform in 20 sec. Then, the speed of
train is
V / m s
20
280
14 = = ...(1)
Let the length of platform be x. So, the length that the train travells for crossing the
complete platform is m
x 280 + ^ h .
Since, it takes 60 sec in crossing, the platform.
Therefore, the speed of train is
V
x
60
280
=
+
...(2)
From equation (1) and (2), we get

x
60
280 +
14 =
x m 560 =
Q.7 (i) All the women are entrepreneur.
(ii) Source of the women are doctors.
Then by using above statements, which of the following statement is inferred?
(A) All the doctors are entrepreneurs
(B) Some doctor are entrepreneurs
(C) All the entrepreneurs are doctors
(D) Some entrepreneurs are doctors
SOL. Correct option is (D).

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Section - II (Electronics & Communication)
Q.8 Find the RMS value of the given pulse
For the given signal, we have
x t ^ h
, /
/
T
t
t T
T t T
2
0 2
0 2
< <
< <
= *
So, the RMS value of x t ^ h is obtained as
RMS x t
2
= ^ h
T
x t dt
1
T
2
0
= ^ h #

T
T
t
dt dt
1 4
0
/
/
T
T
T
2
2
0
2
2
= +
= G # #

T
t 4
3
/ T
3
3
0
2
=
: D
T
T 4
24
3
3
=
: D
.
6
1
0408 = =
Q.9 Let x n u n u n
9
1
3
1
1
n n
=
-
- - ^
b
^
b
^ h
l
h
l
h ROC of z-transform is
(A) Z
9
1
< (B) Z
3
1
<
(C) Z
3
1
9
1
> > (D) does not exist
Given the discrete signal
x n 6 @ u n u n
9
1
3
1
1
I term II term
n n
= - - - -
b b l l
6 6 @ @
1 2 3 44 44 1 2 3 444 444
For I term, we have the ROC,

Z 9
1
1 <
or Z
9
1
>
For I I term, we have the ROC

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Z 3
1
1 >
or Z
3
1
<
Thus, combining the two results we get
Z
3
1
> >
9
1
Q.10 The amplifier shown in figure. The BJ T parameters are, . V V 07
BE
= , V 200 b = ,
mV V 250
T
= . Find the gain _ _ _ _ _
V
V
i
o
= .
V
i
i r i i R
b e b b s
b b = + + ^ h
V
i
i r i R 1
b e b s
b b = + + ^ h
V
i
i r R 1
b e s
b b = + + ^ h 6 @ ...(i)
V
o
R i
c b
b =- ...(ii)

V
V
i
o

i r R
R i
1
b e s
c b # #
b b
b
=
+ +
-
^ h 6 @

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A
v

r R
R
1
e s
c #
b b
b
=
+ +
-
^ h
...(iii)
where r
e
is given by r
e

I
V
E
T
=
From dc analysis
R
th
|| . k k k 33 11 825 = =
V
th
V
44
11 12
3
#
= =
3 . k k I I 825 21
B E
= +
3 . k
I
I 825
1
21
E
E
b
=
+
+
3
.
k I
201
825
21
E
= +
: D
I
E
. mA 0142 =
r
e

. mA
mV
0142
25
=
r
e
. 1760563W =
So, A
v

. k
k
200 1760563 201 10
5 200
# #
#
=
+
-
. 04889 =-
Q.11 A lossless transmission line has characteristic impedance is 50W and length / l 8 l = .
If load Z R j30
L
W = + ^ h , then what is the value of R, if input impedance of transmission
line is real is _ _ _ _ _ _ W .
SOL. Correct Answer is 20 ohm
Given the characteristic impedance of transmission line
Z
0
50 W = -
Length of transmission line,
l / 8 l =
Load, Z
L
R j30 W = + ^ h
So, we get

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l b
2
8 4 l
p l p
= =
So, the input impedance is obtained as
Z
in

tan
tan
Z
Z jZ l
Z jZ l
L
L
0
0
0
b
b
=
+
+
c m

/
/
tan
tan
j R j
R j j
50
50 30 4
30 50 4
p
p
=
+ +
+ +
^
e
h
o

jR
R j
50
20
80
=
+
+
c m
Expressing the impedance separately in terms of real and imaginary values as
Z
in

jR
R j
jR
jR
50
20
80
20
20
=
+
+
-
-
c c m m

R
R j R
50
400
100 1600
2
2
=
+
+ - ^ h
Since, input impedance of transmission line is real. Therefore, we have
R 1600
2
- 0 =
or R 40W =
Q.12 Which of the following equation is correct?
(A) E x E x >
2 2
^ h 6 6 @ @ (B) E x E x
2 2
$ ^ h 6 6 @ @
(C) E x E x <
2
^ h 6 6 @ @ (D) E x E x
2 2
# ^ h 6 6 @ @
SOL. Correct option is (B)
For a random variable X , we define the variance as

X
2
s E X E X
2 2
= - 6 6 @ @ " ,
Since, variance is always positive or zero So, we have
E X E X
2 2
- 6 6 @ @ " , 0 $
or E X
2
6 @ E X
2
$ ^ h 6 @
Q.13 What is the value of K for which the forward path unity negative feedback transfer
function will have both poles at same location.
G s ^ h
s s
K
2 1
=
+ - ^ ^ h h
Using root locus
Break point

s s
K
1
2 1
+
+ - ^ ^ h h
0 =
or K s s 2 1 =- + - ^ ^ h h

ds
dK
s 2 1 0 =- - =

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or s . 05 =-
G s
. s 05 =-
^ h 1 =
K . 225 =
For both the poles at the same locations.
Q.14 For the circuit given below, what will be the largest value of arm when it is converted
into delta form.
SOL. Correct Answer is 32 ohm
Given the star form of circuit as
The equivalent delta form for the circuit is obtained as
R
A

R
R R R R R R
1
1 2 2 3 3 1
=
+ +

11
11 10 10 10 10 11
# # #
=
+ +
. 2909W =
R
B

R
R R R R R R
2
1 2 2 3 3 1
=
+ +

10
11 10 10 10 10 11
# # #
=
+ +
32W =
R
C

R
R R R R R R
3
1 2 2 3 3 1
=
+ +

10
11 10 10 10 10 11
# # #
=
+ +
32W =
Thus, the largest value of arm is 32W .

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Q.15 Consider the signals:
If both the signals are multiplied, then the Nyquist rate is _ _ _ _ _ _ Hz.
SOL. Correct Answer is 3000 Hz
From the shown signal waveform, we have the frequency bandwidth
f
1
Hz 500 =
f
2
Hz 1000 =
So, the fundament frequencies for the product x t x t
1 2 ^ ^ h h is
f f
1 2
! Hz 500 = , Hz 1500
Thus, the Nyquist rate for the signal x t x t
1 2 ^ ^ h h is
f
s
2 1500
#
= ^ h
Hz 3000 =
Q.16 When the optical power incident on photo diode is W 10m and the responsivity
. / A W R 08 = then the photo current generated is _ _ _ _ _ A m .
SOL. Correct Answer is A 8m
Given, the optical power,
P
o
W W 10 10 10
6
#
m = =
-
The responsivity, R . / A W 08 =
So, the general photo, current is
I
P
R P
o #
=
. 08 10 10
6
# #
=
-
A 8 10
6
#
=
-
A 8m =
Q.17 The value of F is
(A) XY Z XYZ + (B) X Y Z XYZ +
(C) X Y Z XYZ + (D) XY Z XYZ +

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For the given logic diagram, we have the output,
F x y Z x y 5 : 9 5 =^ ^ h h 6 @
x y Z x y Z x y 5 5 5 = + ^ ^ ^ h h h 8 B
Z Z x y 5 = + ^ h
Z Z xy xy = + + ^ h
Z xy xy = + ^ h
xyz xyz = +
Q.18 If
;
; else
h t
t 3 0 3
0
< <
= ^ h
)
and a constant input x t 5 = ^ h is applied then the steady state
value of output y t ^ h is _ _ _ _ _ _ .
Given, impulse response
h t ^ h
;
; else
t 3 0 3
0
< <
= )
Input to the system,
x t ^ h 5 = , Constant
Since, the input is constant. So, we have the output,
y t ^ h h t 5 = ^ h
Thus, the steady state value of output is
limy t
t"3
^ h lim h t 5
t
=
"3
^ h
0 =
Q.19 For the given circuit, the value of capacitor is in mF. So that the system will be
critically damped is _ _ _ _ _ _ .
SOL. Correct Answer is 10 mF
For critically damped circuit, we have damping ratio
d 1 =
So, the quality factor for critically damped circuit is
Q
2
1
2
1
d
= =
For the given series circuit, we have the quality factor

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Q
R C
L 1
=

2
1

C 40
1 4
=
C F
10
1
10
2
2
= =
-
b l
mF 10 =
Q.20 In the figure there is a low pass filter with a cut-off frequency of kHz 5 . The value of
R
2
in (kW ) _ _ _ _ _ _ .
SOL. Correct Answer is . k 318 W
Given, the cutoff frequency of filter,
f
o
kHz 5 =
Now, for the ideal op-amp voltage at positive and negative terminals are equal so, applying
KCL at -ve terminal of op-amp. We have

R
v 0
i
1
-

|| nF R
v
10
0
o
2
=
-

v
v
i
o

||
R
R
j fC 2
1
1
2
p
=-
c m
nF C 10 =

R j fR C
R
1 2
1 2
2
p
=-
+ ^ h
At cut off frequency,
j f R C 1 2
o 2
p + 0 =
R
2

f C 2
1
o
p
=

2 5 10 10 10
1
3 9
# # #
p
=
-
^
^
h
h
. . k 318309 318 W = =
Q.21 In the figure shown below has a PN diode with a cut-off voltage of . V 07 a Schottky
diode with a cut-off voltage of . V 03 . If ON indicates conducting state and off indicates
non conducting state then

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(A) D
1
is ON and D
2
is ON (B) D
1
is OFF and D
2
is ON
(C) D
1
is OFF and D
2
is OFF (D) D
1
is ON and D
2
is OFF
Let D
1
and D
2
both diodes are ON. So, we have the equivalent circuit
From the circuit, I
1

.
. > mA
1
12 07
117 0 =
-
=
I
2

. .
. > mA
10
07 03
004 0 =
-
=
As the obtained current satisfies the assumed condition, i.e. current flows through the
forward bias diode is positive. So both diodes are ON.
Correct option is (A).
Q.22 Given
.
G s
s s s 1 01 10
10
=
+ + +
^
^ ^ ^
h
h h h
Te value of PM is_ _ _ _ _ _ .
Given, the transfer function,
G s ^ h
. s s s 1 01 10
10
=
+ + + ^ ^ ^ h h h
For gain cross over,
g
w ^ h we have

. 1 001 100
10
g g g
2 2 2
w w w + + +
1 =
. . 10001 10101 99
g g g
6 4 2
w w w + + - 0 =

g
w . . / sec rad 06 0774 = =
Thus, phase margin for the transfer function is
PM G 180
g
c w = + ^ h

.
tan tan tan 180
1 01 10
g g g 1 1 1
c
w w w
= - - -
- - -
a a a k k k

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. . . 180 3774 82638 44258 c c = - - -
. 5519c =
Q.23 Open loop transfer function of unity feedback system is G s ^ h and its block diagram
and polar plot given
Then find the correct statement
(A) G s ^ h is all pass filter
(B) G s ^ h is stable and non minimum phase system
(C) Closed loop system unstable for high tree value of k
(D) None of these
Observing the given polar plot, we have
No of encirclement to j 1 0 - + ^ h, N 0 =
open loop pole in Right half plane, P 1 =
So, since, we have N P Z = -
Where Z is the closed loop pole in right half plane. So, for the given values, we get
0 Z 1 = -
Z 1 =
i.e. one closed loop pole lies in right half plane. Thus, the system is unstable.
Q.24 A system having differential equation y t y t u t 5 + =
o
^ ^ ^ h h h and y 0 1 = ^ h . Then out-
put response of the system is
(A) . . e 02 08
t 5
+
-
(B) . . e 08 02
t 5
-
-
(C) . . e 02 08
t 5
-
-
(D) . . e 08 02
t 5
+
-
SOL. Correct Option is (A)
Given, the differential equation
y t y t 5 + ^ ^ h h u t = ^ h
Taking Laplace transform both the sides, we get
sY s y Y s 0 5 - + ^ ^ ^ h h h
s
1
=

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sY s Y s 1 5 - + ^ ^ h h
s
1
=
Y s ^ h
s 5
1
s
1
=
+
+

s s
s
5
1
=
+
+
^ h
Taking inverse Laplace transform,
y t ^ h
s s
s
5
1
L
1
=
+
+ -
^ h
' 1

s
s
5
1
5 5
4
L
1
= +
+
-
^ h
' 1

u t
e u t
5 5
4 t 5
= +
-
^
^
h
h
. . u t e u t 02 08
t 5
= +
-
^ ^ h h
Q.25 Find the fundamental period of the signal sin x n n
2
p = 6 6 @ @.
(A) Periodic with / 2 p (B) Periodic with p
(C) Periodic with / 2 p (D) Non periodic
SOL. Correct option is (D)
Given the signal,
x n 6 @ sin n
2
p = 6 @
For the given signal, we check the periodicity

2
0
p
w

2 2
2
p
p p
= =
Since,
2
0
p
w
is irrational number. So the signal is aperiodic.
Q.26 Ideal current buffer is having
(A) Low input impedance and high output impedance
(B) High input impedance and high output impedance
(C) High input impedance and low output impedance
(D) low input impedance and low output impedance
Q.27 If the open loop transfer function G s
s s 1 2
1
=
+ +
^
^ ^
h
h h
then, what factor should be multiplied in G s ^ h, so that the settling time for % 2 is less
than 2 sec.

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(A) s 4 4 + ^ h (B)
s 2
1
+
(C) .
s
s
1
1 02 + ^ h (D) None of these
Given, the open loop transfer function for the system,
G s ^ h
s s 1 2
1
=
+ + ^ ^ h h
Now, consider the option (A), i.e. G s ^ h multiplied by factor s 4 4 + ^ h. So, we have
G s ^ h
s s
s
1 2
4 4
=
+ +
+
^ ^
^
h h
h
The closed loop transfer function for this system is

G s
G s
1+ ^
^
h
h

s s s
s
1 2 4 4
4 4
=
+ + + +
+
^ ^ ^
^
h h h
h

s s
s
7 18
4 4
2
=
+ +
+ ^ h
So, we get
n
dw .
2
7
35 = =
Therefore, the settling time for 2% tolerance is
t
s

.
. s
4
35
4
1143
n
dw
= = =
Thus, the settling time is less than 2 sec.
Q.28 In the voltage regulator shown in figure op-amp is ideal. The BJ T has . V V 07
BE
=
and 100 b = and Zener voltage V
z
is 4.7 V for a regulated output of 9 V the value of R
in W is
SOL. Given circuit is a op-amp series regulator
V
o
is given by V
o

R
R
V 1
z
2
1
= +
b l
9 V .
R
1
1
47
2
= +
b l
R
2
. 10930232W =

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Q.29 A depletion type N-channel MOS is biased in its linear region to use as a voltage
controlled resistor. Assume . V V 05
th
= , V V 20
GS
= , V V 5
DS
= , 100
L
W
= , / F m C 10
OX
8 2
=
-
, / cm V s 800
n
2
m
-
= . Find the resistance of voltage control resistor in W ^ h.
SOL. Correct Answer is . k 64102 W
Voltage controlled resistor r
DS
is given by
r
DS

C
L
W
V V
1
n OX GS t
m
=
- ^
b
^ h
l
h
r
DS

. 800 10 10 100 20 05
1
4 8
# # # #
=
-
- -
^ h
r
DS
. k 64102 W =
Q.30 Capacity of binary symmetric channel with cross-over probability 0.5 _ _ _ _ .
Channel capacity of BSC is
C log log P P P P 1 1 1
2 2
= + - - + ^ ^ h h
C . . . . log log 05 05 05 05 1
2 2
= + +
C 0 =
It is the case of channel with independent input and output, hence C 0 = .
Q.31 In BJ T transistor . V V 07
BE
= and mV V 25
T
= and reverse saturation current is
A 10
13 -
. Find the transconductance in
V
mA
b l.
SOL. Correct Answer is 5785.02 mA/ V
For a BJ T transistor, we have the collector current
I
C
I e
/
S
V V BE T
=
where I
S
A 10
13
=
-
V
BE
. V 07 =
V
T
mV 25 =
So, the transconductance for the transistor is obtained as
g
m

V
I
V
I e
/
BE
C
T
S
V V BE T
2
2
= =

e
25 10
10
. /
3
13 07 25 10
3
#
=
#
-
-
-
. / A V 578502 =
. / mA V 578502 =
Q.32 A system having state model

x
x
x
1
2
3
o
o
o
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W

x
x
x
u
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
4
0
1
2
3
=
-
+
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W

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y
x
x
x
1 1 1
1
2
3
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
6
V
X
W
W
W
W
@ then the system is
(A) Controllable and obserable (B) Uncontrollable and observable
(C) Uncontrollable and unobservable (D) Controllable and unobservable
Given the state model equations,

x
x
x
1
2
3
o
o
o
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W

x
x
x
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
4
0
4
1
2
3
=
-
+
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
y
x
x
x
1 1 1
1
2
3
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
8
V
X
W
W
W
W
B
The general form of state model equations are
X
o
6 @

A X B
4 = + 6 6 6 @ @ @
y
C X
=6 6 @ @
Comparing the standard equation to given state equation, we get

A
6 @
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
=
-
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
B
0
4
0
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
, C
1 1 1
=8 B
Now, we check controllability
U : : B AB A B
2
=6 @

0
4
0
4
4
0
0
4
4
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W

U
4
4 4 0
64 0 # ! =-
-
=- ^ h
i.e. rank of controllable matrix is 3 (equal to number of variable). So the system is
controllable.
Again, we check obsemability
V
C
CA
CA
1
0
2
1
2
2
1
2
4
2
= =
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W

V
1
8 4
1
4
1
4
4 4 4 4 0 ! =
-
-
-
+
-
= + - = ^ ^ ^ h h h
i.e. rank of observable matrix is 3 (equal to number of variables). So, the system is
observable.

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Q.33 The value of
z j
z z j
dz
2
4
c
2
+
- +
#
where the curve c is z 3 =
(A) j 4 3 2 p + ^ h (B) j 4 3 2 p - + ^ h
(C) j 4 3 2 p - ^ h (D) j 4 3 2 p - + ^ h
Given the contour integral,
I
z j
z z j
2
4
2
=
+
- +
#
The integral has only one pole,
z j 2 =-
Since, the curve z 3 = encircles the pole. So, we get the residue as
residue lim z z j 4
z j 2
2
= - +
"-
^ h

j j
j j j j
2 2
4 2 2 4 2 6
2
=
-
- + = + + = + ^ ^ h h
Thus, the integral is
I j 2p = (Residue)
j j j j 2 2 6 4 12 4 3 2 p p p p = + = - =- + ^ ^ h h
Q.34 A V 230 source is connected to two loads in parallel. Load 1 consumes kW 10 power
with 0.8 leading power factor, load 2 consumes kVA 10 with 0.8 lagging power factor then
total complex power supplied by the source is
(A) . j 18 15 + (B) . j 18 15 -
(C) j 18 20 + (D) j 18 20 -
The complex power (Volt-ampere) in a load is defined as
S * P jQ VI
2
1
= + =
In phasor form,
S
S V I
2
1
v i v i
+ + q q q q = - = - ^ ^ h h
Also, the average power (watt) is defined as
P cos
V I
2
1
v i
q q = - ^ h
Now, from the given problem we have
P
1
kW 10 = ; . pf 08
1
= , leading

S
2 kvA 10 = ; . pf 08
2
= , lagging
Thus, we get the complex power for load 1 as
S
1
cos
Pf
P
Pf
1
1
1
1 + = -
-
^ h

.
.
. cos j
08
10
08
10 75
1
+ = - = -
-
^ h
Again, we obtain the complex power for load 2 as
S
2
cos
S pf
2
1
2 + =
-
^ h

.
cos j 10
08
8 6
1
+ = = +
-
^ h

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Thus, the total complex power supplied by the source is
S S S
1 2
= +
. . j j j 10 75 8 6 18 15 = - + + = -
Correct option is (B).
Q.35 Volume bounded by the surface , z x y x y = + ^ h is the xy-plane. Where y x 0# # ,
x 0 12 # # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
Q.36 Taylors series expansion of sin cos x x 3 2 + ^ h
(A) x x
x
2 3
2
2
3
+ - - (B) x x
x
2 3
2
2
3
- + -
(C) x x
x
2 3
2
2
3
+ - + (D) x x
x
2 3
2
2
3
- + + +
Talyors series expansion for trigonometric functions are given below
cosx
! !
...
x x
1
2 4
2 4
= - +
sinx
! !
... x
x x
3 5
3 5
= - +
Neglecting the higher order terms, we get the required expansion as
sin cos x x 3 2 + x
x x
x
x
x 3
6
21
2
3
2
2
3 2 3
2
= - + - = - + - ; ; E E
x x
x
2 3
2
2
3
= + - -
Q.37 If sin x t A t 2p f = + ^ ^ h h, f is phase then the autocorrelation function E x t x t
1 2 ^ ^ h h 6 @ is
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
(A) cos A t t 2
2
1 2
p + ^ h 6 @ (B) sin
A
t t
2
2
2
1 2
p - ^ h 6 @
(C) cos A t t 2
2
1 2
p - ^ h 6 @ (D) sin
A
t t
2
2
2
1 2
p + ^ h 6 @
Given, the random process
x t ^ h sin A
t 2p f
=
+
^ h
where A is a constant, and f is the random phase distributed between
, 0 2p
^ h. So, we get
the autocorrelation function
E X t X
t
1
2 ^
^
h
h 8 B sin sin E A t t 2 2
2
1 2
p f p f = + + ^ ^ h h 8 B
cos cos
A
E
t t t t
2
2 2
2
2
1 2 1 2 p p
f
=
-
-
+ + ^ ^ ^
^
hh h
h 8 8 B B % /
cos
A
t t
2
2
2
1 2
p = - ^ h 7 A $ .

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cos
A
t t
2
2
2
1 2
p = - ^ h 7 A
Q.38 The following Boolean expression is , , , f wx y z wx z wx z xz xy wy wy = + + + + + ^ h .
Then all the essential prime implicants of the expression
(A) y, wx z, xy (B) xz, wy, wx z
(C) y, xz, xy (D) y, x z, xz
Given the boolean expression

, , ,
f
w x y z ^ h wx z wx z xz xy wy wy = + + + + +
The above expression by rearrangement as
, , , f w x y z
^ h
x z
w w
xz xy y w w =
+
+ + + + ^
^
h
h
x z xz xy y = + + +
x z xz y
x
x z xz y
1
= + +
+
= + + ^ h
Thus, the essential prime implicants are x z, xz, y
Q.39 Let M, N are two matrices of same order and C is a scalar. Which of the following
is not always true
(A) M M
T T
= ^ h (B) CM C M
T T
= ^ h 6 @
(C) M N M N
T T T
+ = + ^ h (D) MN NM =
For the given matrices M and N, we have
M
T T
^ h M =

CM
T
6 @ C
M
T
= 6 @

M N
T
+
6 @ M N
T T
= +
All the above expressions are true. But the product of two matrices are not same in reverse
orders, i.e. MN NM ! .
Q.40 In the given circuit, if A is connected to Q
1
the operation of the circuit is according
to the state diagram. If XOR is replaced with XNOR, then to get the same operation of
the circuit which of the following changes has to be done

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(A) A should be connected to Q
1
(B) A should be connected to Q
2
(C) A should be connected of Q
1
and S is replaced S to Q
1
(D) A should be connected to Q
1
by S is replaced by S
Circuit I (XOR)
For XOR circuit, when A is connected to Q
1
, the input at D
2
is
D
2
A S Q S Q S Q S
1 1 1
5 5 = = = +
Circuit I I (X NOR)
For XNOR circuit, the input at D
2
is
D
2
A S A S AS 9 = = +
This input must be same as in above case to get the same operation, i.e.
A S AS + Q S Q S
1 1
= +
Which results in A Q
1
=
Thus, A should be connected to Q
1
Q.41 For parallel transmission line, let v be the speed of propagation and z be the char-
acteristic impedance neglecting fringing effect, a reduction of spacing between the plates
by factor of two result is
(A) Halving v and no change in z (B) No change in v and halving of z
(C) No change in v and z both (D) Both v and z half
For parallel transmission line (planar line), we have the expression for line parameters as
R
w
2
c
ds
= , R is indepent of d
L
w
d m
= ; L d \
G
d
w s
= ; G
d
1
\
C
d
w e
= ; c
d
1
\

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where d is the spacing between the plates.
Now, the characteristic impedance for the line is given by
z
G jwC
R jwL
=
+
+
Considering the lossless line, we have
Z
C
L
=
or Z d \
Thus, the characteristic impedance is halved when the spacing between plates is reduced
to half.
Again, we have the speed of propagation for loss less line as
v
LC
1
=
i.e, v is independent of d.
Q.42 For the given circuit the output voltage V
0
is
(A) I R R
1 1 2
- + ^ h (B) I R
2 1
(C) I R
1 2
(D) I R R
2 1 2
- + ^ h
For the ideal op-amp, both the terminals (+ve and ve) are at equal voltage level. So, we
have V V 0 = =
- +
Therefore, no current flower through R, So, the curent through R
2
is I
1
. Thus, we get
V I R
0 1 2
- V =
-
V I R
0 1 2
- 0 =
V
0
I R
1 2
=

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Q.43 Minimized expression for x y x y xy x + + + + ^ ^ ^ h h h is
(A) x (B) y
(C) xy (D) x y +
Given the expression,
f x y x y xy x = + + + + + ^ ^ ^ h h h
Minimum the expression, we have
f x xy xy xy x 0 = + + + +^ ^ h h
x y y x y x 1 = + + + + ^ ^ h h
x xy = +
x =
Q.44 Where R 1W = , A i 2
1
= , A i 1
4
=- , A i 4
5
=- . Then which of the following is cor-
rect
(A) A i 5
6
=
(B) A i 4
3
=-
(C) Given data sufficient to tell these currents are not possible
(D) Data is non sufficient to find i
2
, i
3
and i
6
Applying KVL in the closed loop,
i R i R i R
1 2 3
- - - 0 =
i i 2
2 3
- - - 0 =
i i
2 3
+ 2 =- ...(i)
Again, we have i
4
i i
1 2
=- +
1 - i 2
2
=- +
i
2
A 1 2 1 =- + =
Substituting it in equation (1), we get
i 1
3
+ 2 =-
i
3
A 3 =-
Also, we have i
6
i i
1 3
= -

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2 3 = - - ^ h
A 2 3 5 = + =
Q.45 A CDMA scheme having number of chips N 8 = chips, then the number of users of
orthogonal sequence is _ _ _ _ _ _ .
Q.46 If Q g ^ h is the probability of error for BPSK AWGN channel. Now two independent
identical BPSK AWGN channels are connected as shown in below figure
For this the probability of error is Q b g ^ h then the value of b _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Q.47 X
1
, X
2
, X
3
are three independent random variables having uniform distribution be-
tween , 0 1 6 @ then P x x x
1 2 3
# + 6 @ to be greatest value is _ _ _ _ _ .
Given the three random variables
0 x 1 < <
1
0 x 1 < <
2
0 x 1 < <
3
Maximum value of the random variable x
3
is
x
3
1 =
So, the required probability will be maximum when
P x x x
1 2 3
# + 6 @ P x x 1
1 2
# = + 6 @
Since x
1
and x
2
are uniformly distributed in , 0 1 ^ h. So, we have
P x x 0 1 <
1 2
# + ^ h 6 @
P x x 1 2 <
1 2
# + ^ h 6 @
2
1
=
Thus, the maximum value of required probability is
max P x x x
1 2 3
# + 6 @ " , . P x x 1
2
1
05
1 2
# = + = = 6 @

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Q.48 Find the voltage observed at P , Q and R for NMOS transistor and threshold volt-
age is V 1
(A) 5 V, 4 V, 3 V (B) 5 V, 5 V, 5 V
(C) 4 V, 4 V, 4 V (D) 8 V, 4 V, 5 V
For NMOS transistor no define the regions as
V
GS
V <
Th
cutoff
G
GS
V >
Th
, V V V <
DS GS Th
- linear
V
GS
V >
Th
, V V V >
DS GS Th
- saturation
Now, from the given circuit we have
V
GS1
V 5
P
= - , V V 5
DS P 1
= -
V
GS2
V 5
Q
= - , V V V
DS P Q 2
= -
V
GS3
V 5
R
= - , V V V
DS Q R 2
= -
Since, the thresholed voltage is
V
Th
V 1 =
So, the transistor satisfies condition for active region, only for the values
V
P
V V V 4
Q R
= = =
Q.49 A change of C 1 is placed near a good conducting plane at a distance of a meter.
What is the value of force F between them ?
(A)
d 4
1
0
2
pe
(B)
d 8
1
0
2
pe
(C)
d 16
1
0
2
pe
(D) None of these
For the given problem, we draw the arrangement below

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Figure (I) shows the charge placed at a distance of d from conductor, and Figure (I I)
shows its equivalent image charge distribution.
The force between the charge Q and conductor will be equal to the force between charge
Q and its image charge Q - shown in figure (I I), i.e.
F
d
QQ
d
Q
4
1
2 16 0
2
0
2
2
pe
pe
= =
^ h
Q.50 The input frequency for the given counters MHz 1 , the output frequency observes at
Q
4
is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
SOL. Correct Answer is 62.5 kHz
In the shown figure, all the fip-flops (toggle flip-flop) are edge triggered. So, the change
at output stage occurs when the clock input changed from 0 to 1. Thus, we obtain the
following waveforms.
Thus, observing the above waveforms, we get the frequency of Q
4
pulse waveform
f
4
.
MHz
kHz
f
16 16
1
625
CLK
= = =

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Q.51 For the circuit given, if the clock frequency is kHz 1 , then the frequency of output at
Q
3
is Hz_ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

SOL. Correct Answer is 125 Hz
In the shown figure, all the flip-flops are edge triggered. So, the output changes its state
when the clock input changed from 0 to 1. Thus, we obtain the following waveforms.
Thus, from the obtained waveforms, we get the time period for Q
3
pulses
T
3
T 8
CLK
=
where T
CLK
is the period of clock pulse.
Since, clock frequency is
f
CLK
kHz 1 =
So, we get the frequency of output at Q
3
, as
f
3

kHz
Hz
f
8 8
1
125
CLK
= = =
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

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Salient Features:
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