145 Grammar Bank

10B
present perfect with yet, just, and already
Use yet to say that something hasnt happened up to now, or to ask
about something that you expect to happen.
Use just to say something has happened, when the action is very
recent.
Use already to say something has happened before now, or to say it
happened earlier than you thought.
yet + question
OR
+ negative
A Have you had breakfast yet? B No, not yet.
I havent had a shower yet.
just + positive sentence Ive just made some coffee.
Theyve just got up.
already + positive sentence Shes already been for a run.
Theyve already gone to work.
Use yet at the end of a sentence or question.
Use just and already before the main verb.
>> Now go to exercises 10.1 and 10.2 to practise.
10C
present perfect with for or since
Use the present perfect + for / since to talk about the duration of
actions and states that began in the past and continue in the
present.
for A How long have you worked here?
B Ive worked here for six years.
since A How long have you lived in this house?
B Weve lived in this house since 1995.
Use for + a period of time (two hours, four weeks, six years, a long
time, etc.) that continues until now.
Use since + a point in the past (1995, four oclock, last year, four
years ago) to say this is when the action started.
>> Now go to exercises 10.3 to practise.
10D
used to
Use used to to talk about things that happened many times in the
past, but which dont happen now.
Use used to to talk about states which were true in the past, but
which arent true now.
used to + verb I used to work in a hotel.
You used to be a fight attendant.
He / She / It used to travel a lot.
We used to live in Mexico.
They used to have a red car.
Dont use used to to talk about single events in the past.
People used to travel by horse. BUT Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot invented
the frst car in 1769.
>> Now go to exercise 10.4 to practise.
10D
prepositions of direction
Use prepositions of direction, e.g. along, across, and between, to
describe movement. They travelled along the coast. They sailed across
the Mediterranean. The Alps are between Italy and Switzerland.
>> Now go to exercise 10.5 to practise.
10.1 Order the words to make sentences and questions.
Example they their havent yet bags packed
They havent packed their bags yet.
1 been the we travel agents to ve just
2 plane tickets they the have yet bought ?
3 a I already ve taxi booked
4 found his s he just passport
5 ve you already twice been Spain to
6 her changed she yet has money ?
10.2 Complete the conversation with yet, just, or already.
A Hi Mum, weve just arrived in the centre of Paris.
B Have you seen the Eiffel Tower
1
?
A Yes, weve
2
seen it. We drove past it in the taxi.
B Whats your hotel like?
A Oh, we havent found a hotel
3
.
B Where are you going to stay?
A Justins
4
gone to the tourist offce to book a hotel.
B What are you doing while hes gone?
A Im in a caf and Ive
5
fnished lunch.
B Well have a good time and send me a postcard.
A Oh, Ive
6
sent one. I posted it before lunch.
B But you havent seen anything interesting
7
!
10.3 Right or wrong? Tick (3) or correct the sentences.
Example Weve studied English for January.
Weve studied English since January.
1 Theyve been in Paris for two days.
2 I havent heard from Jamie for a week ago.
3 This building has been here since many years.
4 The photocopier has been broken since two or three days.
5 Theyve been married since 1999.
6 Hes been at the airport for 3 oclock.
7 I havent seen Marco since we left university.
8 Sandra hasnt played the piano since a long time.
10.4 Complete the sentences. Use used to and these verbs.
travel be take buy have like cost
Example There used to be two airports in London, but
now there are four.
1 They to New York every month, but they
dont now.
2 It 10 hours to get to Berlin, but the trains
are faster now.
3 We a villa in the South of France but then
we sold it.
4 Plane tickets a lot of money, but now
theyre cheaper.
5 She fying, but she prefers to travel by
train now.
6 I tickets at a travel agents, but now I use
the Internet.
10.5 Underline the correct words.
Example The ferry sails between / across Greece and Egypt.
1 We walked across / into the bridge to the other side.
2 They walked all the way around / along the island.
3 She cycled from North Africa up / down to South Africa.
4 The dog ran across the road and into / in the park.
5 We walked along / into the river to reach the village.
6 I have to drive along / through the city to get home.
7 He was walking in / out the direction of the beach.
8 They visited the museum, then went around / back to
their hotel.