RANGKUMAN

The Development Of Periodic System

The Development
In 18 century, unsure be group of metal and unmetal. About the beginning of 20
century, John Dalton found that every unsure has atomics ith special character hich
different ith another unsure atomic. !ne of the difference is the mass. "ut, Dalton could
not determine that.
Atomic has mass that so small. !n that period, chemist could not determine
individual of atomic mass. #o that, they changed ith determine atomic relative mass, an
e$uivalent of one mass inter atomic ith another. %his method found by "er&elius '182()
from #eden, *. Dulong, and A. *etit '181+) both of them are from ,rance.
! Tri"de Do#ereiner
In 182+, $oh"n %olf&"n& Do#ereiner, a -erman chemist found that atomic
relative mass of strontium as so near ith average of to .inds another unsure hich
resemble ith strontium, they are calcium and barium. "eside that, Dobereiner also
found some group of another unsure li.e that. #o, Dobereiner made a conclusion that the
unsures can be group in groups of / unsures hich named tri"de! "ut, Dobereiner didn0t
find another triade although another unsures hich have resemble character not only /.
The e'"mple of tri"de Do#ereiner(
Triade Atomic Mass
Weigth of The Average
Atomic of the first and the
third unsure
Litium (Li)
Natrium (Na)
Kalium (K)
6.94
22.99
39.10
23.02
Klorin (Cl)
Bromin (Br)
Iodin (I)
35.50
80
127.00
81.25
Kalsium (Ca)
tronsium (r)
Barium (Ba)
40.08
87.62
137.34
88.71

)! The *"+ of Oct"ves from Ne+l"nds
$ohn Ale'"nder Rein" Ne+l"nds '1ovember 22, 18/8 3 July 2+, 18+8) as an
4nglish analytical chemist ho prepared in 182/ the first periodic table of the elements
arranged in order of relative atomic masses, and pointed out in 182( the ,l"+ of oct"ves,
hereby every eighth element has similar properties. At the time, unsure of noble gas not
found yet so the la from 1elands as not e5act because he didn0t account unsures
hich not found yet. 6e as ridiculed at the time, but five years later 7ussian chemist
Dmitri 8endeleev published a more developed form of the table, also based on atomic
masses, hich forms the basis of the one used today 'arranged by atomic number).
The *ist Oct"ves Ne+l"nds
Do
1
Re
2
Mi
3
Fa
4
Sol
5
a
!
Si
"
! Li B" B C N #
$ Na %& 'l i (
Cl K Ca Cr )i %n $"
Co* Ni Cu +n , In 's "
Br -. r C"* La +r /i* %o -o* -u
(d '& Cd 0 n . I
)" Cs Ba* 1 )a 2 N. 'u
(t* Ir #s !& )l (. Bi )3
-! Periodic System Of Mendeleev
In 1822, 1elands published his 9a of !ctaves. 6oever, the lac. of spaces for
undiscovered elements and the placing of to elements in one bo5 ere criticised and his
ideas ere not accepted. :naare of this, Mendeleev had been or.ing on a similar
idea, and on 8arch 2, 182+, a formal presentation as made to the 7ussian ;hemical
#ociety, entitled The Dependence Between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the
Elements. "ased from his observation to 2/ unsures, he concluded that characteristic of
unsure is the periodic function from its atomic relative mass. It as mean if unsures
propertied belong to increase of atomic relative mass, so special character ill repeat
periodically. 8endeelev placed unsures hich have resemble character in 1 ro vertical
named group and ro hori&ontal as based the increase of atomic relative mass named
period. %his table as published in 18<2.
("riod"
4ol. I
5
- 2 #
4ol. II
5
-#
4ol. III
5
- 2 # 4
4ol. I1
-! 4
-# 2
4ol. 1
-! 4
- 2 # 4
4ol. 1I
-! 2
-# 4
4ol. 1II
-!
- 2 # 7
4ol. 1III
5
-# 4
1
2
3
4

5
6

7
8
9
10

11
12
!61
Li67
Na623
K639

(Cu663)
-.685

('&6108)
Cs6133
.....
.....

('u6199)
.....


B"69*2
%&624
Ca640

+n665
r687

Cd6 112
Ba6137
.....
.....

!&6200
.....

B611
'l627*3
75644

7 668
8,t688

In6113
8/i6138
.....
89r6178

)l6204
.....

C612
i628
)i648

7 672
+r690

n6118
.....

8La6180

(.6207
)36231

N614
(631
1651

's675
N.694

.6122
.....
.....
)a6182

Bi6208
.....

#616
632
Cr652

"678
%o696

)"6125
.....
.....
26184

.....
06240

$619
Cl635*5
%n655

Br680
7 6100

:6127
.....
.....
.....

.....
.....



$656*Co659*
Ni659*Cu663

-u6194*-36104
(d6106*'&6108
.....
.....
#s6195*Ir6197*
(t6198*'u6199


7 7 7 7 7

8endeleev=s accurate prediction of the $ualities of hat he called e."/silicon
0&erm"ni1m23 e."/"l1min1m 0&"lli1m23 "nd e."/#oron 0sc"ndi1m2 lands him the
lion=s share of credit. In any case, at the time 8endeleev=s predictions greatly impressed
his contemporaries and ere eventually found to be correct.
4! Modern Periodic System from 5enry !G! Mosley
In the beginning of 20 century. ;hemist found that atomic as not a particle
hich cannot divided again but consist of smaller particle, they are base particle and
subatomic particle. 1o, atomic is consist of / .inds base particles, they are proton,
neutron, and electron. %he sum of proton called Atomic 1umber as a speciall character
from an unsure. It0s mean that every unsure has a different sum of proton.
In 1+1(, an 4nglish chemist 5enry !G! Mosley found that characteristics unsure
as periodic function from its atomic number. %his system is a perfection of system from
8endeleev.