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IS 13687 (1993): Internal combustion engines - Radiators -
Heat dissipation performance - Method of test [TED 2:
Automotive Primemovers]
IS 13687 : 1993
Indian Standard
I NTERNAL COMBUSTI ON ENGI NES -
RADI ATORS - HEAT DI SSI PATI ON
PERFORMANCE - METHOD OF TEST
UDC 62143 : 629113
0 BI S 1993
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS y
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC
NEW DELHI 110002
December 1993 Price Group 4






( Reaffirmed 2003 )
Automotive Primemovers Sectional Committee. TED 2
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
the Automotive Primemovers Sectional Committee had been approved by the Transport Engineering
Division Council.
This Indian Standard specifies the method of test for assessing the heat transfer efficiency of
radiators used in road vehicles. The efficiency of cooling arrangement of an internal combustion
engine when fitted with a radiator may be judged mainly by its heat transfer performance. The
principle adopted for assessment makes use of a wind tunnel arrangement with provisions for
measuring the pressure and temperatures of air, coolant and flow rate in front and rear of the
radiator. Typical performance curves and recording of test results are given in Annex B and
Annex C. This standard is an important adjunct to IS 761 I : 1993 Internal combustion engines -
Radiators - Specification (first revision ) and IS 13686 : 1993 Internal combustion engines -
Radiators - Methods of test.
In the preparation of this Indian Standard considerable assistance has been derived from:
JIS D 1614-1970 Heat dissipation test code of radiators for automobiles issued by the Japanese
Jndustrial Standards Committee.
In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final
value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with 1s 2 : 1960
Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).





P
I ndian Standard
IS 13687 : 1993
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES-
RADIATORS- HEAT DISSIPATION
PERFORMANCE- METHOD OF TEST
1 SCOPE
This Indian Standard specifiesthe method of test for
assessing heat dissipation performance of automotive
radiators.
2 REFERENCES
The followingIndian Standards are necessary adjuncts
to this standard:
ZS No. Title
7611 : 1993 Internal combustion engines -
Radiators - Specification (first
revision)
13686 : 1993 Internal combustion engines -
Radiators - Methods of test
3 TERMINOI,OGY
3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following
definitions shall apply.
3.1 Converted Heat Dissipation Rate
The heat dissipation rate of the cooling water (hereinafter
referred to as waterside), which is converted to the
state where inlet temperature difference between water
and air is 60C, and is expressed by the unit of
kilocalorie per hour (kcal/h).
3.2 Heat Dissipation Rate on Waterside
The heat dissipation rate under test conditions, expressed
as the quantity of heat which water loses under, and is
expressed by the unit of kilocalories per hour (kcal/h).
3.3 Heat Reception Rate on Airside
The heat rate which the cooling air (hereinafter, referred
to as air receives under test conditions and is expressed
by the unit of kilocalories per hour (kcal/h).
3.4 Inlet Temperature Difference
The difference between the inlet temperatures ofwater
and air expressed by the unit of degree Celsius (C).
3.5 Water Flow Rate
The flow rate of water which passes through the
radiator expressed in litres per minute (l/mm).
3.6 Air Velocity at Frontal Area
The flow rate of air passing through the radiator
divided by the frontal area and is expressed in metre
per second (m/s).
3.7 Pressure Loss of Waterside
The difference of static pressure between the water
side inlet and outlet of the radiator which is measured
at the test state and is expressed by the unit of mercury
column height of millimetre (mm Hg).
3.8 Pressure Loss of Airside
The difference of static pressure between the airside
inlet and outlet of the radiator, measured at the test
state and is expressed by height of water column in
millimetre (mm Aq).
3.9 Upstream End
Area before the radiator which permits entry of air into
the radiator.
3.10 Downstre+n End
Area after the radiator which permits exit of air away
from the radiator.
4 TEST REQUIREMENTS
4.1 The radiator shall comply with IS 7611 : 1993.
4.2 The test room conditions shall be steady and at
normal ambient temperature and humidity. The air
flow shall be steady without large fluctuations.
4.3 Unless otherwise specified the water used for test
purposes shall be clear without suspended impurities
and the radiator inlet water temperature maintained at
85 + 5OC at the dissipation state. The temperature shall-
be recorded at steady state conditions and a variation
of 2 2OC in the water inlet temperature is permissible
between successive readings.
4.4 The measuring equipment shall be calibrated before
start of test.
4.5 The test room shall be maintained ,at steady
atmospheric condition.
5 TESTING AND MEASURING- ARRANGE-
MENTS
,
5.1 The test apparatus is broadly divided into waterside





IS 13687 : 1993
circuits and airside (wind tumlel) circuits. The typical
testing arrangement is shown in Fig. 1.
5.2 Waterside Circuit
5.2.1 The waterside circuit shall be equipped with
separators in order to prevent mixing of air and vapour
in the waterside circuit of the radiator. The hot water
tank shall be so designed as to prevent air and vapour
locking.
5.2.2 The water pump may be connected, to either
side of the inlet pipe or the outlet pipe of the radiator.
Care shall be taken to avoid any cavitation.
5.2.3 The rate of heat generation by hot water tank
shall be enough to maintain heat dissipation rate and
shall be adjustable in all ranges of heat dissipation.
5.3 Airside (Wind Tunnel) Circuit
5.3.1 Wind Tunnel
The air flow passing through radiator shall. be
adjustable. The arrangement shall include fan, throttle
devices such as orifice, shutter, cone. The comiecting
tube between the main body of the wind tunnel and
the radiator shall be interchangeable to take care of
variations in size and shape of radiator:The shape of
the connecting tube shall be such that the front of the
radiator receives a uniform parallel flow,of air. All
joints shall be totally airtight.
5.3.2 An alternate suction type arrangement with
wind tunnel is also permissible when mutually agreed
between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The
details of such arrangement are given in Annex A.
5.4 Measuring Equipments
5.4.1 Water Flowmeter
The water flowmeter used shall have an accuracy
of + 2% of maximum scale.
5.4.2 Air Flowmeter
The air flowmeter used shall be based on Pitot tube or
Orifice or Nozzle. The minimum scale for liquid
column shall be 1 mm on 30 inclined type manometer
or that having a vertical column.
5.4.3 Pressure Gauges
For waterside the liquid mercury column gauge shall
have a minimum one mm accuracy. For the airside to
measure pressure loss, the liquid column gauge shall
have at least 1 mm accuracy. For measuring atmospheric
pressure, a Fortins barometer is recommended.
5.4.4 Thermometers
For measuring the temperatures the thermometers
used shall have at least t O.lC accuracy for waterside
and lC accuracy airside. For room temperature and
humidity, a wet and dry bulb thermometer shall be
used.
6 TESTS
6.1 The airside circuit is completed by connecting the
radiator and wind tmmelwith the connecting tube. The
waterside circuit of the test apparatus is connected to
the inlet and outlet pipes of the radiator. When the
radiator (see Fig. 1) reaches stable conditions with
specified rate of air and water flow, the heat tratifer
and pressure loss tests shall be conducted.
6.2 The following are measured:
a) Atmospheric pressure and humidity
b) Inlet and outlet water temperatures
c) Inlet and outlet air temperatures
d) Rate of air and water flow
e) Wind velocity
f) Pressure loss -Water and air sides.
6.3 Flow measurements shall be made after stable
conditions are reached. When Pitot tube is used for air
flow, only the control air velocity may be measured
and the ratio of mean to centre velocity shall be used
for computing the rate of airflow. The airflow is to be
measured in the air inlet side.
6.4 Pressure Loss Measurements
The pressure loss measurement of waterside
is to be made at the position as near as
possible to the end of inlet and outlet pipe of
radiator.
The pressure loss measurement of airside is to
be near the radiator at the upstream and down-
steam end both locations being equidistant
from centre line of radiator core.
6.5 Temperature of water shall be measured as
accurately as possible, near the inlet and outlet pipe of
radiator. The measurement of air temperatures is to be
made at the upstream and downstream end of the
radiator. Inlet air temperature may be measured at the
centre of core. In the case of outlet air temperature,
measurements be made at least at four places covering
entire core face and the mean temperature shall be
calculated. The point of location of thermometer shall
be such that it does not receive radiant heat from the
radiator.
7 CAILXJ LATIONS
7.1 From the results obtained, the heat dissipated on
the waterside shall be calculated and this value shall be
judged by heat received on airside simultaneously.
The air velocity on the upstream side shall also be
calculated.
7.2 Heat Dissipation on Waterside shall be calculated
by the following formula:
Qw~ = GVV x Cw [T, - T,]
where
QMJ = ;te &heat dissipated on the waterside,
ca
2




OUNTER 80
CONNECTNIG .T
. THERMOMETER FOR
INLET AIR TEMPER
THERMOMETER FOR THE
LET WATER TEMPERATURE
COLUMN GAUGE
WATER) FOR THE AIR
PRESSURE LOSS
STREAM END
w
METER FOR THE
AIR TEMPERATURE
0 COLUMN GAUGE(MERCURY)
THE WATER SIDE PRESSURE LOSS -
WATER TEMPERATURE
HOT WATER TAN
VOLT METER. / WATER FLOW METER\ \LIQUID COLUMN GAUGE(WATER) .
WATER FLOW ADJbSTING
FOR THE AIR FLOW METER
FIG. 1 TYPICAL TESITNG ARHANGEMENT
G
s





IS 13687 : 1993
Gw =
T, =
Tz =
weight of water circulated through the ra-
diator per hour (kg/h)
VWX vx lo- x60
volume of water flow per minute in litres
weight of water per unit volume (kg/nt3)
specific heat of water, assumed as 1.0
(kcal/kgOC)
inlet water temperature, OC
outlet w at er temperature, OC
NOTE 1 -The value of weight of water corresponding I O the
temperature of water recorded closes1 IO the flowmeter shall be
used (sac Fig. 2).
loo-
- 960
-
go-=-
80 ; 970
-
70: -
y- 980
60- __
so- _
1% 1
40- J
( k$- n3)
5
990
FIG. 2 TEMPERATIJ RE AND WEIGHT PER UNIT VOLLIME
OF WAXR
NOTE 2 -For validity of test results. heat received on airsidc
shall be within -C lO% OC heat dissipated on waterside.
7.2.1 Hcwt Received on Airside
Qo =
where
Qcr =
Ctr =
Go x Ctr (T, - T,)
heat received ou the airside, (kcal/h)
specific heat ofair, kcal/kgoC(assuuted as
024 kcal/kgV)
T, =
T, =
Gn =
Ga =
where
Vrr =
A =
nieaii outlet air temperature, OC
iiilet air temperature, OC
weight of air passing through per hour,
(kg/h)
Vn xA
rate of air, (nt/h)
(To be determiued by Orifice/Pitot Tube
methods)
weight of air per unit voluu~ (kg/n?)
7.3 Method of Calculation for Rate of Air, Va
7.3.1 Pitot Tube Method
where
s =
v,, =
Vtr = 3 600 x S x Vnl
cross-sectional area of wind tunnel at the
measuring position, (&)
nmn air velocity in the wind tunnel at the
nicasuriug positioii (m/s)
.I
2gpd
also V,,, = \ 1 -
V
A
where
&Y =
pd =
=
A =
acceleratioudue to gravity, m/s(9.8 m/s*)
dynamic pressure in Pitot Tube
(Arithmetic mean of pressure II,, II,, . . . . .
L)
l/m (/II + II, . . . . . . . . llm>
weight of air per unit volun~e (kghd)
7.3.2 U,sing the OriJicc
Vr1=3600xtrxBxmx
where
c1 =
B =
m =
px =
K =
fz =
tlow coefficient
correction coefficient by expansion of air
arca of opcniug of Orifice (n$)
pressure difference inuuediately in front
altd behind the Orifice (nun Act)
weight of air per unit volume inme-
diately in front of Orifice (kg/m)
accelerationduc togravity, nt/s(9.8 m/s?)
7.4 Air Velocity of Frontside Area (!htf)
Vrr
vc11 =
Fx3600




where
Vwf = frontside area air velocity, (m/s)
Vf7 = rate of air (Same connotation as in 7.3.1
and 7.3.2)
F = frout side area, (II?)
7.5 Weight of Air per IJnit Volume (A) shall be
Calculated from the Equation
1.293xH
A
= (1 + 0.003 67 x r(l) 760
H = atmospheric pressure, nm of mercury
(Room condition)
(mm l-tfg )
IS 13687 : 1993
where
tn = atmospheric temperature, OC (obtainable
from Fig. 3).
7.6 The dissipated heat shall be corrected by multiplying
the rate of heat dissipated on the waterside (Qw) with
the ratio of60 divided by difference in inlet temperatures
of water (T,) and air (T,) respectively. T,, 7, and Q,,.
have sanle connotation as in 7.2.
8 TEST RESULTS
8.1 The heat dissipation performance curves shall be
plotted as in Amex B.
8.2 The results shall be recorded in accordance with
Annex C.
t
0
( Wm3)
FIG. 3 MONOGRAPH OF A
ANNEX A
(Clause 5.3.2)
SIICTION TYPE WIND TUNNEI, AI<HANGEMENI
A-l TEST APPARATUS
A-1.1 The test apparatus comprises 21 typical
suctiorl
tYPe
wind tumrl arrangement with
coiiiiecting tube and arrangenic tit for nicasureiiieiit for
velocity and pressure. The arraogement is show11 in
Fig. 4 aud 5.
EXPANDING TUBE
A-l.2 Connecting Tube
When the connecting tube transits from iI circular
shape to a circular shape, from a rectangular shape to
a circular shape or from a circular shape to a
rectaiigul;ir shape, the rules dcscribcd below Shi l l I be
observed :
3orrlax.
REDUCING TUBE
FIG. 4 CONNECTXVC; TLruzs
5





IS 13687 :
a)
b)
where
L
D
AREA RATIO
- TRANSITION FROM RECTANGLE TO CIRCLE
--- -
TRANSITION FROM CIRCLE TO RECTANGLE
FIG. 5 LENGTH OF CONNJ ZCIING TUBE
The angle between the connecting tube and
the axial line in the case of the transition
from a circular shape to a circular shape shall
be not more than 14O for the expanding tube,
and not more than 300 for the reducing tube
c)
(see Fig. 4).
In the case of the transition from a rectangular
shape to a circular shape (see Fig. S), the rule
described in thefollowing equation (discharge
side) applies:
In the case of the transition from a circular
shape to a rectangular shape (see Fig. 5), the
rule described in the following equation
(suction side) applies:
For reducing tube (m s 1) : L/D r 1.8
For expanding tube (m r 1) : L/D r 4
For reducing tube (m r 1) : L/D r 1.8
For expanding tube (m s 1) : iiD L 4
L J
m=
= length of connecting tube
a
=
= inside diameter of measuring duct
b =
9t.D
area ratio = -
4ab
length of long side of rectangle
length of short side of rectangle
6




IS 13687 : 1993
ANNEX B
(Foreword, and Clause 8.1)
HEAT DISSIPATION PERFORMANCE OF RADIATOR
S1 No.
Batch No.
Name of manufacturer
Type
Grade
Manufacturer part number
Date of test
Room temperature
Humidity
Atmospheric pressure
Test apparatus
Tested by
oC
percent
mm Hg
HEAT DISSIPATION QUANTITY 1 1
0 5 10 15 20 25
AIR VELOCITY OF THE FRONTAL AREA vaf (m/s)
0 100 200
WATER FLOW VOLUME Vw(l/minI
AN EXAMPLE OF HEAT DISSIPATION PERFORMANCE CURVE
NOTE-The heat dissipation rate in this table is to be corrected for the inlet temperature difference achieved for a difference of 6OT
between inlet water temperature and upstream air temperature.
7





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