Jae Hee Kim

Spring 2014
ED 450-01
Ms. Cherrie Lovejoy
20 Key erms
0!"2#"2014
1. Reliability$ %he &onsis'en&y (i'h (hi&h a 'es' meas)res (ha'ever i'*s
meas)ring +,opham- 2011- pg. .1/.% here are a&')a00y 'hree 1i22eren'
'ypes o2 re0ia3i0i'y evi1en&e$ s'a3i0i'y +'es'-re'es'/- a0'erna'e 2orm- an1
in'erna0 &onsis'en&y +,opham- 2011- pg. .2/. he reason (hy re0ia3i0i'y is
impor'an' in assessmen' is 3e&a)se$ 1. %'here is 'he possi3i0i'y yo)r o(n
&0assroom assessmen's migh' 0a&4 s)22i&ien' re0ia3i0i'y 'o 3e 1oing a goo1
jo3 2or yo) an1 yo)r s')1en's +,opham- 2011- pg. .1/.% 2. %i2 yo)r s')1en's
are o30ige1 'o &omp0e'e any sor' o2 &ommer&ia00y p)30ishe1 s'an1ar1i5e1
'es's- yo)*re ap' 'o 2in1 a paren' or '(o (ho migh' (an' 'o 1is&)ss 'he
a1e6)a&y o2 'hose 'es's +,opham- 2011- pg. .1/.%
2. Validity$ 7he 1egree 'o (hi&h evi1en&e s)ppor's 'he a&&)ra&y o2 'es'-
3ase1 in2eren&es +in'erpre'a'ions/ a3o)' s')1en's +,opham- 2011- pg.
504/.8 9n o'her (or1s- 'he appropria'e evi1en&e o2 'he 'es' ma'eria0 2or 'he
s')1en's. here are 'hree 'ypes o2 va0i1i'y evi1en&e$ 1. Con'en' :e0a'e1$
%provi1es a pi&')re o2 'he e;'en' 'o (hi&h an e;am a&&)ra'e0y pre1i&'s a
s')1en'*s s)3se6)en' s'a')s +,opham- 2011- pg. 10./.%- 2. Cri'erion
:e0a'e1$ %1ea0s (i'h 'he 1egree 'o (hi&h an e;am a&&)ra'e0y pre1i&'s a
s')1en'*s s)3se6)en' s'a')s +,opham- 2011- pg. 10./%- !. Cons'r)&'
:e0a'e1$ %1ea0s (i'h assem30y o2 empiri&a0 evi1en&e 'ha' a hypo'he'i&a0
&ons'r)&'- s)&h as a s')1en'*s a3i0i'y 'o genera'e (ri''en &omposi'ions- is
a&&)ra'e0y assesse1 +,opham- 2011- pg. 10./.%
3. Bias$ %<ny e0emen' in an assessmen' pro&e1)re 'ha' o22en1s or )n2air0y
pena0i5es s')1en's 3e&a)se o2 persona0 &hara&'eris'i&s- s)&h as heir gen1er
an1 e'hni&i'y% is &onsi1ere1 3ias. his is impor'an' 3e&a)se %(hen 'here is
assessmen' 3ias- i' has 3een seen 'o 1is'or' &er'ain s')1en's* per2orman&es
on e1)&a'iona0 'es's- hen&e re1)&e 'he va0i1i'y o2 s&ore-3ase1 in2eren&es
a3o)' 'hose s')1en's +,opham- 2011- pg. 1!2/.%
4. Norm-reference measurement$ 7E1)&a'ors in'erpre' a s')1en'=s
per2orman&e in re0a'ion 'o 'he per2orman&es o2 s')1en's (ho have
previo)s0y 'a4en 'he same e;amina'ion. his previo)s gro)p o2 'es' 'a4ers
is re2erre1 'o as 'he norm group. h)s- (hen e1)&a'ors 'ry 'o ma4e sense
o)' o2 a s')1en'=s 'es's s&ore 3y 7re2eren&ing8 'he s&ore 3a&4 'o 'he norm
gro)p=s per2orman&es- i' is apparen' (hy 'hese sor's o2 in'erpre'a'ions are
&hara&'eri5e1 as norm re2eren&e1 +,opham- 2011- pg. 4./.8
5. Criterion-reference measurement$ 7his is an a3so0)'e in'erpre'a'ion
3e&a)se i' hinges on 'he e;'en' 'o (hi&h 'he &ri'erion +'ha' is- &)rri&)0ar
aim/ represen'e1 3y 'he 'es' is a&')a00y mas'ere1 3y 'he s')1en'. >n&e 'he
na')re o2 an assesse1 &)rri&)0ar aim is proper0y 1es&ri3e1- 'he s')1en'=s 'es'
per2orman&e &an 3e in'erpre'e1 a&&or1ing 'o 'he 1egree 'o (hi&h 'he
&)rri&)0ar aim has 3een mas'ere1. ?or ins'an&e- ins'ea1 o2 a
norm0re2eren&e1 in'erpre'a'ion s)&h as 'he s')1en' 7s&ore1 3e''er 'han
@5A o2 'he s')1en's in 'he norm gro)p-8 a &ri'erion-re2eren&e1
in'erpre'a'ion migh' 3e 'he s')1en' 7mas'ere1 @5A o2 'he &)rri&)0ar aim=s
s4i00s an1"or 4no(0e1ge represen'e1 3y 'he 'es' +,opham- 2011- pg. 4B/.8
Jae Hee Kim
Spring 2014
ED 450-01
Ms. Cherrie Lovejoy
20 Key erms
0!"2#"2014
6. Formatie assessment$ %he )se o2 assessmen'-e0i&i'e1 evi1en&e in'en1e1
'o improve )ns)&&ess2)0 ye' s'i00 mo1i2ia30e ins'r)&'ion +,opham- 2011-
pg. 10/.% So- 'hese 'ypes o2 assessmen's are given o)' a 0o' 'hro)gho)' 'he
s&hoo0 year in a00 1i22eren' shapes an1 si5es +e;$ pop 6)i55es- mi1-'erm
e;ams- home(or4 assignmen's- e'&/.
!. "ummatie assessment$ 7S)mma'ive assessmen' re2ers 'o 'he )se o2 'es's
(hose p)rpose is 'o ma4e a 2ina0 s)&&ess"2ai0)re 1e&ision a3o)' a re0a'ive0y
)nmo1i2ia30e se' o2 ins'r)&'iona0 a&'ivi'ies +,opham- 2011- pg. 10/. hese
'ypes o2 assessmen's in&0)1e$ S<s- <Cs- ?ina0 E;ams- CMC Ma'h E;i'
E;ams- e'&.
#. $ortfolio$ %<n assessmen' approa&h &en'ere1 on 'he sys'ema'i& appraisa0
o2 a s')1en'*s &o00e&'e1 (or4 samp0es +,opham- 2011- pg. 50!/.% his is
eva0)a'e1 3y an eva0)a'ive &ri'eria &arve1 o)' 3y 'he 'ea&her an1 his"her
s')1en's. Moreover- s')1en's (i00 )se 'his &ri'eria %'o eva0)a'e 'heir (or4
pro1)&'s ho0is'i&a00y- ana0y'i&a00y- or )sing a &om3ina'ion o2 3o'h
approa&hes. +,opham- 2011- pg. 21./.%
%. $ercentile$ %<n in'erpre'ive s&ore 3ase1 on 'he per&en' o2 s')1en's in 'he
norm gro)p o)'per2orme1 3y a given s')1en'. ?or e;amp0e- a s')1en'
(hose ra( s&ore e;&ee1e1 'he per2orman&e o2 @4 per&en' o2 norm gro)p
s')1en's (o)01 have earne1 an @4'h per&en'i0e s&ore +,opham- 2011- pg.
50!/.%
1&. 'uartile$ his is re0a'e1 'o 'he per&en'i0eD 'he 6)ar'i0e 1ivi1es 'he 3e00
&)rve in'o 4- 25A ranges. E;amp0e$ %92 a 'es' (as given an1 'here (ere
B5A E 'ha' passe1- 'hen 'ha' (o)01 3e evi1en&e o2 a high pass ra'e in 'he
!r1 6)ar'i0e +So)r&e$ ?rom ,o(er,oin' s0i1e ma1e 3y Ms. Lovejoy/.%
11. (rade e)uialent$ %< gra1e e6)iva0en' is an in1i&a'or o2 s')1en' 'es'
per2orman&e 3ase1 on gra1e 0eve0 an1 mon'hs o2 'he s&hoo0 year +,opham-
2011- pg. !14/.%
12. "caled score$ %S&a0e s&ores are converted raw scores 'ha' )se a ne(-
ar3i'rari0y &hosen s&a0e 'o represen' 0eve0s o2 a&hievemen' or a3i0i'y
+,opham- 2011- pg. !1@/%
13. "tanine$ %< s&a0e s&ore 3ase1 on 'he 1ivision o2 'es' s&ores in'o nine )ni's
o2 one-ha02 s'an1ar1 1evia'ion 1is'an&es +on 'he s&ore 1is'ri3)'ion*s 3ase-
0ine/. he highes' s'anine- n)m3er #- &on'ains a3o)' 4 per&en' o2 'he
s&ores-- as 1oes 'he 0o(es' s'anine- n)m3er 1. he mi110e s'anine- n)m3er
5- &on'ains a3o)' 20 per&en' o2 'he s&ores i2 'he 1is'ri3)'ion is 2air0y
norma0 in shape +,opham- 2011- pg. 504/.%
14. "tandardi*ed test$ 7<ny 'es' 'ha' is a1minis'ere1- s&ore1- an1 in'erpre'e1
in a s'an1ar1- pre1e'ermine1 manner +,opham- 2011- pg. 504/.8 Some
goo1 e;amp0es o2 s'an1ar1i5e1 'es's in&0)1e$ S<- <C- an1 S'ar :ea1ing"
Ma'h.
15. +ndiiduali*ed education ,ro-ram .+/$0$ 7< 2e1era00y re6)ire1
1o&)men' 1es&ri3ing 'he spe&i2i&s o2 ho( a &hi01 (i'h 1isa3i0i'ies is 'o 3e
e1)&a'e1 +,opham- 2011- pg. 502/.8 Moreover- 'his is a re6)iremen' more
Jae Hee Kim
Spring 2014
ED 450-01
Ms. Cherrie Lovejoy
20 Key erms
0!"2#"2014
spe&i2i&a00y- s'a'e1 3y 'he 2004 9DE< 0a(. 9' &on'ains 'he year0y" 6)ar'er0y
goa0s o2 a s')1en' (i'h spe&ia0 nee1s.
16. Curriculum$ 7he se' o2 e1)&a'iona0 aimsF 2or ins'an&e- goa0s or
o3je&'ivesF'ea&hers (ish 'heir s')1en's 'o a&hieve +,opham- 2011- pg.
501/.8 Some o2 'he 1i22eren' 'ypes o2 &)rri&)0)ms in&0)1e$ e;p0i&i'- hi11en-
an1 n)00.
1!. Binary-c1oice items$ 7< 'es' i'em re6)iring a s')1en' 'o se0e&' one o2 '(o
presen'e1 op'ions +,opham- 2011- pg. 500/.8 < goo1 e;amp0e o2 'his
(o)01 3e a 'r)e"2a0se 'es' 6)es'ion.
1#. 2ean$ 7he ari'hme'i& average o2 a se' o2 s&ores +,opham- 2011- pg.
502/.8 >ne &an 2in1 'he mean 3y a11ing a00 'he presen'e1 n)m3ers
'oge'her- an1 1ivi1ing 'he n)m3ers 3y 'he n)m3er o2 n)m3ers presen'e1.
1%. 2edian$ 7he mi1poin' in a se' o2 s&ores (hen 'he s&ores are ran4e1 2rom
0o(es' 'o highes' +,opham- 2011- pg. 502/.8 9' is more &ommon0y 4no(n
as 7'he mi110e n)m3er.8
2&. 2ulti,le-c1oice test item$ 7< 'es' i'em re6)iring a s')1en' 'o &hoose a
response 2rom 'hree or more presen'e1 op'ions +,opham- 2011- pg. 502/.8
< goo1 e;amp0e o2 'his 'es' i'em (o)01 3e 'he 6)es'ions on an S<.
GGE;&e00en' Jo3HHH 100AGG
Jae Hee Kim
Spring 2014
ED 450-01
Ms. Cherrie Lovejoy
20 Key erms
0!"2#"2014
Ior4 Ci'e1
,opham- I. +2011/. Classroom assessment:
What teachers need to know. +.'h e1./.
Jos'on$ ,earsons.