108

Stem(dicot)The vascular bundles are situated in a ring on the inside of the pericycle of the plant.
This distinct ring of vascular bundles is a distinguishing characteristic of dicotyledonous stems.
The phloem is located towards the outside of the bundle and the xylem towards the center.
The vascular bundles are found scattered throughout the ground tissue. The vascular
bundles occurring nearer the rind of the stem are smaller and are closer to one another. The
vascular bundles contain no cambium and consequently secondary thickening does not occur
Leaf:In leaves, the vascular bundles are located among the spongy mesophyll. The
xylem is oriented toward the adaxial surface of the leaf (usually the upper side), and
phloem is oriented toward the abaxial surface of the leaf
Root: The phloem is located towards the outside of the bundle and the xylem towards
the center. Vascular Tissue - Roots. arranged in a ring. phloem between arms of xylem.
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Bell jar without potted plant Bell jar with potted plant
No water found on inner surface Water drops were found at inner surface of jar
Conclusion:Transpiration is the loss of water through stomata from plant surface.
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Colour change Time taken to change color
Cobalt chloride paper on upper side Less pink 10 min
Cobalt chloride paper on lower side pink 5min
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Total no of stomata observed No of closed stomata No of oper stomata
1000 200 800
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Initial
weight
Final
weight
Change in
weight
Initial
length
Final
length
Change in
lenght
Potato
stripe in
pure water
2.0g 2.48g 2.48g 40 44 4mm
Potato
stripe in
20% salt
solution
2.0 g 1.6g 2-1.6=0.4g 40 38 2mm
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Sample
solutions
Benedict,s
solution
Biuret solution Iodine solution Emulsion Test/
Spot Test
A(glucose) Brick red No change No colour
change
No change
B(starch) No change No change Blue black No change
C(oil/Fats) No change No change No change Cloudy white
D(Proteins) No change purple No change No change
E(Unknown)
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Thermos flask Initial temperature T1
C
Final temperature T2
C
Difference of
Temperature
A 28 30 2
B 28 28 0