Gio trnh dy ngh Ha vin kin trc t xa Chng 2

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Mc ch chng:
+Thit lp cc thng s ti u ha cng tc v Cad.
+Dng Form c sn v, trnh ngp nhng kin thc khi to bn v ban u. Bao gm:
hatch, block, layer, dimstyle, symbol.

Chng 2.1: Set thng s Option

- Vo Tool-option

- Chuyn hnh nn th Layout v block editor sang mu en nh th Model.

Gio trnh dy ngh Ha vin kin trc t xa Chng 2

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- Set t ng lu sau 1 pht. Sau ny cc bn v nhanh th 1 pht lm vic rt qu.


- Set chc nng nt phi chut =spacebar v b chn ti "Make new dimensions
associative" trnh li nhy dim


Gio trnh dy ngh Ha vin kin trc t xa Chng 2

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Set bt im v con tr chut va nhn v tick chn "Ignore hatch objects" b
qua (khng bt im) cc i tng hatch, ta ch b chn ny ch khi no cn bt im
hatch.


- Set chn (i tng) v nt iu khin(*) v tick chn "When a command is active"
khi gi lnh th chc nng selection preview mi c kch hot.


(*)Nt iu khin: Tt c cc hnh c v u c nt iu khin. S dng bng cch click
vo nt v r chut. Ta thng dng edit di on thng.
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Chng 2.2: Cc mu t vt liu (Hatch)
- Hatch hay cn gi l mu t vt liu. c dng t cc i tng b ct trong hnh
chiu ct (mt ct) v t vt liu b mt cho cc i tng ta thy hnh chiu ng (mt
ng) v c hnh chiu bng (mt bng).
- Cc mu t c trong bn v kin trc trong file KIEN TRUC.dwt (file nh km C2.2.1)
- H: Lnh t vt liu cho i tng
+ Cc i tng c t phi kn, nu khng ta phi lm i tng kn, cch n gin nht
l v pline kn i tng cn hatch.
+G H-spacebar

(1): Chn i tng bng cch click vo vng cn hatch. Chn i tng bng cch qut
chut (t phi qua tri)
(2): Chn kiu hatch
(3): Gc v t l kiu hatch
(4): t im gc mi (dng chc nng ny nh v gch mc lt nn)
File mu hatch (file nh km C2.2.2)
- Mo: chng ta hatch nhanh 1 i tng bt k vi kiu hatch bt k (t l hatch=1000). Sao
ta dng lnh MM sao chp thuc tnh hatch t file KIEN TRUC.dwt

Gio trnh dy ngh Ha vin kin trc t xa Chng 2

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Cch thm mu hatch vo my ca mnh
- Cc bn down mu hatch bi 1
- Sau gii nn, chng ta s c cc file .pat
- Copy tt c file .pat vo th mc (nh hnh chp)

- S dng cc mu hatch c thm vo









Gio trnh dy ngh Ha vin kin trc t xa Chng 2

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Chng 2.3: Cc th vin Block 2D
Th vin tng hp (file nh km 2.3.1)
- Do chng ta ch tp trung vo kin thc chuyn mn l phn trin khai kin trc nn ta s
khng hc cch to Block y. Trnh trng hp cc bn s b ngp kin thc phn mm
Acad ngay t ban u.
- Cch s dng Block c sn
+M file c cha Block cn chp
+Qut chn block cn chp - Ctrl+C
+Chuyn qua file cn chp - Ctrl+V
- to nhanh 1 block khng t tn (v d: 1 bn v 4 gh thnh 1 block) ta lm cc
bc sau:
+ Move cc i tng cn to thnh block vo ng v tr mong mun
+ Qut cc i tng (cn to thnh block)
+Ctrl+shift+C
+Click chn im chn (im gc ca block)
+Ctrl+shift+V
+Click chn v tr t block
- Tho lun v block thuc tnh trn din n:
http://www.cadviet.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=1580
- Hip s hng dn cc bn edit block thuc tnh Chng 4 (phn h tr lm bi tp)

Chng 2.4: Layer - T l
Khi v Cad c mt vn cc bn cn m h v rt quan tm l T l. Vy t l l g?
* T l: l t s ca kch thc trn giy (lc in ra) v kch thc thc t (ngoi cng trng).
Do : nu ta nhn kch thc trn giy cho t l ta c kch thc thc t. Ngc li nu
ta chia kch thc thc t cho t l th ta c kch thc trn giy. V d:
+Ta c bn v t l 1/100 c in ra giy, nu ta o b dy bc Tng l 1mm th ngoi
thc t b dy bc Tng l 1x100=100mm, hay cn gi l tng 100. Tng t nu ta o
trn giy b dy bc Tng l 2mm th ngoi thc t b dy bc Tng l 2x100=200mm
(hay cn gi l tng 200).
+Khi ta c 1 bn v t l 1/50 c in ra giy, nu ta o chiu cao bc Thang l 3mm th
ngoi thc t chiu cao bc Thang
l 3x50=150mm. Tng t nu ta o trn giy ci bn cao 16mm th ngoi thc t ci bn
cao 16x50=800mm.
Gio trnh dy ngh Ha vin kin trc t xa Chng 2

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+ Khi ta c kch thc ngoi thc t l 800, ta mun bit kch thc trn giy t l 1/20 l
bao nhiu th ta ly 800/20=40mm
+ Khi ta c kch thc ngoi thc t l 750, ta mun bit kch thc trn giy t l 1/25 l
bao nhiu th ta ly 750/25=30mm
* Quy cch v: V theo t l thc (hay cn gi l t l 1:1) - 1 n v (unit) =1 mm
+Khi ta v 1 on thng di 5m th ta nhp: 5000
+Khi ta v Tng 200 cao 3m; ta v hnh ch nht v nhp: @200,3000
Lu : Cc bn c file KIEN TRUC.dwt v phi hiu c khi nim t l v cch nhp gi
tr (kch thc) nh trn th chng ta mi lm vic tip c.
Do chng ta ch tp trung vo kin thc chuyn mn l phn trin khai kin trc nn chng ta
s khng hc cch to Layer v Dimstyle y. Trnh trng hp cc bn s b ngp kin
thc phn mm Acad ngay t ban u. Chng ta s hc cch dng form chun v lun.

* File ny gi l file template (ui .dwt) khc vi cc file cad thng thng (ui .dwg)
Sau ny khi v bt c g ta phi m file ny ln ly cu trc dimstyle, layer, khung tn,...
Do cc bn khi phi bn tm vn v kiu hatch, layer, nt in, dimstyle,...
Video cch add file template vo lnh Qnew (file nh km C2.4.1)
- Vi file template trn th khi ta v t l no th ch vic ly ng thc y ra m dim
(xem hnh)
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- Tng t khi v n i tng no th chn ng layer y v (hay cn gi l ly
Layer hin hnh v)
(Layer trong file KIEN TRUC.dwt tng i y . Tm thi cc bn dng form ny v.
Tn layer c t theo quy c y l ch thng khng du. Sau ny khi lm vic vi
cc cng ty khc cc bn phi tun th cch t tn layer theo form ca cng ty ).

Cch s dng layer (theo form) y (file nh km C2.4.2)
Lu : Hin ti ta cha quan tm n phn lineweight ( dy nt). Ta s c hc phn
in n Chng 12.

Gio trnh dy ngh Ha vin kin trc t xa Chng 2

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Chng 2.5: Cc k hiu c trong bn v kin trc
- Cc k hiu l nhng hnh + text c quy c nhm thuyt minh (rt gn) cc i tng
trong bn v hoc vn khc nh: cao , hng nhn,...
- Cc ghi ch (thuyt minh): din gii cc i tng (ni dung thit k) mt cch chi tit.
- Cc k hiu c trong bn v kin trc: xem trong file KIEN TRUC.dwt .
+Hi: Ti sao li c cc bn v Kin trc?
+Tr li: Ti v ta khng th dng li ni hoc ch vit hng dn ngi th xy nh m
chng ta phi c cc bn v vi nhng hnh hc tng t nh cn nh 1 t l nh hn vi
y kch thc v nhng thng tin dng k hiu c quy c.
Do v c nhng bn v ny chng ta phi din gii ngc li cc k hiu hay ni
cch khc l chng ta phi hiu c cc k hiu c trong bn v kin trc.
1- K hiu trc: Dng nh v cng trnh, nh v cu kin. K hiu ny c hu ht cc
bn v: MB, M, MC v cc chi tit,...
V d: ta ni Ct ti v tr A5 th chng ta s tm ti v tr li giao gia trc A v trc 5.
2- K hiu cao (dng cho MB): Do trn bn v 2D chng ta ch thy cc hnh tng, ca,
vt dng,... Chng ta c k hiu code nn(sn) din gii ni c nn(sn) vi cao
c ghi ra (cch code quy c 0.0 tng trt). Ngc li vi k hiu ny l k hiu gch
cho th hin v tr khng c sn (thng tng, hp gen k thut)
3- K hiu cao trn: Dng xc nh cao trn (thi cng) hon thin.
4- K hiu cao (dng cho M, MC): Dng nhn bit chiu cao cng trnh (khi nhn
M, MC)
5- K hiu dc: Dng tnh ton dc khi thi cng. Cc v tr t: Sn WC, ban cng,
sn thng, s n, mi.
6- K hiu hng i ln: Dng nhn bit v tr giao thng lch code (khc cao ). Cc v
tr t: Bc cp, ram dc, cu thang.
7- K hiu ca i, ca s: Dng nh v ca v thng k ca ( thi cng)
8- K hiu vt liu hon thin (tng, sn, trn): Dng din gii (thi cng) VLHT.
9- K hiu mt ct v hng nhn: Dng quy c ly MC theo hng nhn.
10- K hiu trch dn (khoanh vng) chi tit cn trin khai: Dng nh v chi tit cn trin
khai (chi tit cn trin khai l cc chi tit khng thi cng c t l 1/100)
11- K hiu cu to nn/sn: Dng din gii cc lp cu to nn/sn ( thi cng). Cc
v tr t: Cc MB chi tit (bn di code nn/sn) v ti mt ct (ngang, dc) cng trnh.
12- K hiu cu to trn: Thng dng i vi cc trn c bit (c nhiu lp nh: cch m,
cch nhit)
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13- K hiu cu to tng: Thng dng i vi cc tng c bit (c nhiu lp nh:
cch m, cch nhit)
14- K hiu hng nhn mt ng chi tit: Dng ly mt ng ca chi tit cn trin khai
(t ti MB chi tit)
15- K hiu hng nhn mt ng phng: Dng ly M ca phng theo hng nhn
(dng trong bn v ni tht)
16- K hiu vt dng ni tht: Dng nh v ni tht (dng trong bn v ni tht)

Mo v Cad nhanh
1- Dng b lnh tt Chng 1.2
2- Set thng s option nh Chng 2.1
3- Gim bt thao tc tha bng cch thuc lng 30 l nh Chng 1
4- S dng thnh tho 11 Lisp Chng 6 v 14 Lisp Chng 9
5- Dng Block c wipeout che hatch (p dng cho cc thit b WC). Tho lun trn din
n : http://www.cadviet.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=63086
6- Zoom to fix : thay v Z-spacebar A-spacebar ta double chut gia.
7- ly layer no lm hin hnh: G `-spacebar (phm k bn phm s 1) v click vo
i tng c Layer cn ly lm hin hnh - ` l lnh tt ca lnh ai _molc
8- Khi Hatch dng lnh l ayiso cha li i tng cn hatch.
9- Trong qu trnh v, dng shift+chut phi chn ch bt im.
10- Dng Chut phi hoc spacebar thay cho phm enter
11- Trong qu trnh v i lc ta cn thc hin li lnh va gi v chn li i tng va
chn, ta g enter + P + enter + enter
12- Save as file in .ctb vi tn trng vi tn file lu cng th mc vi file .dwg (lc ny em
i u in cng c)
13- Trong qu trnh lm vic, nu thy c block hay chi tit no hay th bc b vo file THU
VIEN.dwt ri save ui dwt lun.
14- Khi th hin i tng trc sau, trn di th dng wi peout che i tng (khng
trim i tng, phng trnh trng hp b phn bc khi tng s b sai)
15- Chn i tng bn di cc i tng khc: Qut tt c cc i tng, nhn shift v
click b cc i tng bn trn.
16- Dng lnh (ko dng biu tng) tt ht cc cng c rng mn hnh v.
17- Cc ng c linetype khng phi l continue th khi v ta nn t l by block ( bt
im khng b nhm) v trc khi in ta chuyn v by layer.
18- Tay tri c dn vo bn phm g lnh v nhp s liu. Tay phi c nm ly chut
khng ri.
Ht chng 2

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Cu hi n tp:
- Khi hatch lm sao bit ng bao kn cha?
- Ti sao c lc trim hatch c lc li khng?
- Khi hatch i khi chng trnh chy rt lu. C cch no khc phc khng?
- Trng hp my khng nhn mu hatch a t bn ngoi vo th lm th no?
- i lc cc mu hatch b v th lm th no?
- Ti sao c lc mu ca block khng ng vi layer ca n?
- Ti sao ta li phi dng file Template?
- Ta c th t li im chn ca block (c bn) khng? Bng cch no?