i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti Thnh Ph H Ch Minh

Khoa in- in T Vin Thng

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BO CO
H THNG VIN THNG I

ti: TM HIU V MNG WIFI


GVHD: Thy Li Nguyn Duy

SVTH: Nguyn Th Cc Linh
Phan Th Hunh Giao
Vn V
Nguyn Thnh Duy
Trn Khnh Vng


TP. H Ch Minh, thng 6 nm 2014

BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 1

Ni dung bo co:
I TNG QUAN
1. Wifi l g?
2. Cc chun wifi
II- NGUYN TC HOT NG
1. Cc thnh phn ca mng wifi
2. Nguyn tc hot ng
III. Mng WLAN
IV. BO MT MNG KHNG DY
V.CC CHUN M HA
VI.U-NHC IM
BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 2

I. TNG QUAN
1. WiFi l g?
Wi-Fi c vit tt t Wireless Fidelity (khng dy trung thc). Thc
cht n c tn l The Standard for Wireless Didelity (chun cho khng
dy trung thc).
WiFi l tn gi ph thng ca mng khng dy theo cng ngh WLAN
(Wireless Local Area Network) l mt loi mng my tnh nhng vic kt
ni gia cc thnh phn trong mng khng s dng cc loi cp nh mt
mng thng thng, mi trng truyn thng ca cc thnh phn trong
mng l khng kh. Cc thnh phn trong mng s dng sng in t
truyn thng vi nhau cho php ngi s dng ni mng trong phm vi
ph sng ca cc im kt ni trung tm. Phng thc kt ni ny t khi
ra i m ra cho ngi s dng s la chn ti u, b sung cho cc
phng thc kt ni truyn thng dng dy.
WiFi hin nay c s dng cho hng lot cc dch v nh internet, in
thoi internet, my chi game v c cc in t nh TV, u c DVD
v my nh s. ng dng ph thng nht ca WiFi l kt ni Internet
bng cc thit b cm tay nh my tnh xch tay, s tay in t PDA, cc
in thoi tch hp WiFi...

2. Cc chun wifi
a. Chun 802.11
Nm 1997, IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) gii thiu mt
chun u tin cho WLAN. Chun ny c gi l 802.11.
Tuy nhin, 802.11 ch h tr cho bng tn mng cc i ln n 2Mbps -qu chm i
vi hu ht cc ng dng. Vi l do , cc sn phm khng dy thit k theo chun
802.11 ban u dn khng c sn xut.802.11b/g gn.
BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 3

802.11a: 56 GHz, 54 Mbps, s dng phng phng php iu ch OFDM
(Orthogonal Division Multiplixing), hot ng d~y tn 56 GHz, tc
truyn d liu ln ti 54Mbps
802.11b: 2.4GHz, 11Mbps, DSSS y l mt chun kh ph bin, n hat ng
di tn 2.4GHz, l di tn ISM (Industrial, Scientific v Medical). Tc
truyn d liu c th ln n 11Mbps.
802.11c: h tr cc khung (frame) thng tin ca 802.11.
802.11g: (2.4GHz, 54Mbps, OFDM): tng cng s dng di tn 2.4GHz, n l
phin bn nng cp ca chun 802.11b, c thng qua bi IEEE, tc
truyn th ln ti 54Mbps nhng ch truyn c gia nhng i tng nm
trong khang cch ngn.
802.11n: c kh nng truyn d liu tc 300Mbps, hay thm ch c th cao
hn.


BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 4

II. NGUYN TC HOT NG
1. Cc thnh phn ca mng wifi
Mt mng wireless gm cc thnh phn sau :
a. Antenna
Antenna chnh l thit b thu pht sng in t v c cc c im c bn sau :
- Antenna pht s chuyn nng
lng in thnh sng in t v
pht ra ngoi,ngc li anten s
chuyn sng in t thu c
thnh nng lng in. Mt anten
v c bn bao gm mt b bc x
v mt nguyn t anten (antenna
element).
- Kch thc vt l ca anten (chng hn nh chiu di ca anten) lin quan trc tip
n tn s hot ng ca anten.
b. Wireless Access Point
L 1 thit b ngoi vi dng sng thu pht
tn hiu, truyn ti thng tin gia cc thit b
wireless v mng dng dy.Trn th trng
ph bin l cc AP chun B (11 Mb/s) ,v
G(54Mb/s), gn y xut hin Super G s
dng cng ngh MIMO (Multi Input-Multi
Output) c th truyn file vi tc
108Mb/s .AP cung cp cho client mt im
truy cp vo mng. Hnh di y m t AP
v ni s dng chng trong mng WLAN.

M hnh hot ng ca Access Point
BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 5

c. Wireless End-user device (Wireless Adapter Card)
c hiu nh nhng thnh phn m AP coi l client trong mng Wireless.
Gm c:
- PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card
International Association) : C th s dng cho cc
my tnh xch tay (MTXT) thuc i c, khng tch
hp sn chc nng wifi. y l chun chn cm c
sn hu ht MTXT. Card wireless PCMCIA s
c gn trc tip ln mainboard nn n phi nm
c nh trong nu bn khng mun phi m
my ra. Card loi ny bt sng kh tt, c th ni l
khng thua km card m nh sn xut tch hp sn
trong my.
- Compact flash Cards (CF): L mt loi flash
memory (b nh flash) thng c dng cho my
nh s (digital camera), TD v cc thit b di
ng k thut s khc. c sn xut ln u tin
vo nm 1994 t SanDisk. N l mt ming plastic
hnh ch nht, bao gm 2 loi: Compact Flash I dy
3mm, Compact Flash II dy 5 mm. Compact Flash I
cng c th c s dng trong khe cm Compact Flash II.
- Ethernet v Serial converters: c s
dng vi tt c thit b ethernet hoc c
cng serial 9 chn. Thng c s dng
cho Print Server khi kt ni vo mng
wireless

BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 6

- USB Adapter : Card loi ny c hnh dng v
kch thc ging nh mt chic USB flash m
chng ta hay dng lu d liu, c th dng cho
c PC v MTXT do cc my tnh hin nay u c
sn cng ny. u im ca card cng USB l d
dng cm vo, tho ra hoc ni di thng qua dy
ni c u USB.
- PCI, PCI Express : ph hp dng cho my
tnh bn (PC) do PC thng c sn cc cng
ny trn mainboard (c th dng cm card
wireless, card VGA, sound card) v khng gian
rng. Chun PCI Express c pht trin
trn chun PCI nn s cho tc x l tt hn.
2. nguyn tc hot ng:

Sng v tuyn c truyn t cc anten v cc router v s c nhn bi cc b nhn
nh my tnh, in thoi di ng c trang b card Wi-Fi... Khi cc thit b ny nhn
c tn hiu th cc card Wi-Fi s c tn hiu v to kt ni khng dy. Mt khi mt
kt ni c thit lp gia ngi dng v mng th ngi dng v mng th ngi
dng s c nhc nh bng mt mn hnh login v password nu nh l mng
thu.
Vng ph sng bi 1 hay nhiu AP (access point). Mt AP c phm vi khong t 1
cn phng n vi dm, Trn th gii th cc AP ny c t cc thnh ph mi
ngi vi laptop c th truy cp Internet, AP c khp ni nh trong nh hng, khch
sn, trng hc, sn bay


BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 7

III. MNG LAN

WLAN l mt loi mng my tnh nhng vic kt ni gia cc thnh phn trong mng
khng s dng cc loi cp nh mt mng thng thng, mi trng truyn thng ca
cc thnh phn trong mng l khng kh. Cc thnh phn trong mng s dng sng
in t truyn thng vi nhau.
CC M HNH WLAN:
Cc m hnh WLAN: Mng 802.11 linh hot v thit k, gm 3 m hnh mng sau:
M hnh mng c lp(IBSSs) hay gi l mng Ad hoc
M hnh mng c s (BSSs)
M hnh mng m rng(ESSs)
3.1 M HNH MNG AD HOC (Independent Basic Service sets (IBSSs)
Cc nt di ng(my tnh c h tr card mng khng dy) tp trung li trong mt
khng gian nh hnh thnh nn kt ni ngang cp (peer-to-peer) gia chng.
Cc nt di ng c card mng wireless l chng c th trao i thng tin trc tip
vi nhau, khng cn phi qun tr mng. V cc mng ad-hoc ny c th thc hin
nhanh v d dng nn chng thng c thit lp m khng cn mt cng c hay
k nng c bit no v vy n rt thch hp s dng trong cc hi ngh thng
mi hoc trong cc nhm lm vic tm thi. Tuy nhin chng c th c nhng
nhc im v vng ph sng b gii hn, mi ngi s dng u phi nghe c
ln nhau.



BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 8

3.2 M HNH MNG C S (Basic service sets (BSSs)

Bao gm cc im truy nhp AP (Access Point) gn vi mng ng trc hu
tuyn v giao tip vi cc thit b di ng trong vng ph sng ca mt cell. AP ng
vai tr iu khin cell v iu khin lu lng ti mng. Cc thit b di ng khng
giao tip trc tip vi nhau m giao tip vi cc AP.Cc cell c th chng ln ln
nhau khong 10-15 % cho php cc trm di ng c th di chuyn m khng b mt
kt ni v tuyn v cung cp vng ph sng vi chi ph thp nht. Cc trm di ng
s chn AP tt nht kt ni. Mt im truy nhp nm trung tm c th iu khin
v phn phi truy nhp cho cc nt tranh chp, cung cp truy nhp ph hp vi mng
ng trc, n nh cc a ch v cc mc u tin, gim st lu lng mng, qun l
chuyn i cc gi v duy tr theo di cu hnh mng. Tuy nhin giao thc a truy nhp
tp trung khng cho php cc nt di ng truyn trc tip ti nt khc nm trong cng
vng vi im truy nhp nh trong cu hnh mng WLAN c lp. Trong trng hp
ny, mi gi s phi c pht i 2 ln (t nt pht gc v sau l im truy nhp)
trc khi n ti nt ch, qu trnh ny s lm gim hiu qu truyn dn v tng tr
truyn dn.



BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 9

3.3 M HNH MNG M RNG( Extended Service Set (ESSs))
Mng 802.11 m rng phm vi di ng ti mt phm vi bt k thng qua ESS.
Mt ESSs l mt tp hp cc BSSs ni m cc Access Point giao tip vi nhau
chuyn lu lng t mt BSS ny n mt BSS khc lm cho vic di chuyn d
dng ca cc trm gia cc BSS, Access Point thc hin vic giao tip thng qua h
thng phn phi. H thng phn phi l mt lp mng trong mi Access Point m n
xc nh ch n cho mt lu lng c nhn t mt BSS. H thng phn phi c
tip sng tr li mt ch trong cng mt BSS, chuyn tip trn h thng phn phi ti
mt Access Point khc, hoc gi ti mt mng c dy ti ch khng nm trong ESS.
Cc thng tin nhn bi Access Point t h thng phn phi c truyn ti BSS s
c nhn bi trm ch.























BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 10

IV. BO MT MNG KHNG DY

Mng khng dy (hay v tuyn) s dng sng v tuyn xuyn qua vt liu ca cc ta
nh v bao ph khng gii hn bn trong mt ta nh. Sng v tuyn c th xut
hin trn ng ph, t cc trm pht t cc mng LAN ny, v nh vy ai cng c
th truy cp nh thit b thch hp. Do mng khng dy ca mt cng ty cng c
th b truy cp t bn ngoi ta nh cng ty ca h.













cung cp mc bo mt ti thiu cho mng WLAN th ta cn hai thnh phn sau:
Cch thc xc nh ai c quyn s dng WLAN - yu cu ny c tha
mn bng c ch xc thc (authentication) .
Mt phng thc cung cp tnh ring t cho cc d liu khng dy yu
cu ny c tha mn bng mt thut ton m ha ( encryption).






BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 11

Mt WLAN gm c 3 phn: Wireless Client, Access Points v Access Server.
+ Wireless Client in hnh l mt chic laptop vi NIC (Network Interface Card)
khng dy c ci t cho php truy cp vo mng khng dy.
+ Access Points (AP) cung cp s bao ph ca sng v tuyn trong mt vng no
(c bit n nh l cc cell (t bo)) v kt ni n mng khng dy.
+ Cn Access Server iu khin vic truy cp. Mt Access Server (nh l Enterprise
Access Server (EAS) ) cung cp s iu khin, qun l, cc c tnh bo mt tin tin
cho mng khng dy Enterprise

CC THIT LP BO MT TRONG MNG KHNG DY





























VPN
AUTHENICATION
ENCRYPTION
FIREWALL
DEVICE
AUTHORIZATION

VPN: EAS bao gm mt IPSec VPN server cho
php cc Client khng dy thit lp cc session
VPN vng chc trn mng.
Encryption: WLAN cng h tr WEP, 3DES v chun
TLS(Transport Layer Sercurity) s dng m ha
trnh ngi truy cp trm. Cc kha WEP c th to
trn mt per-user, per session basic.

Firewall: EAS hp nht packet filtering v port
blocking firewall da trn cc chui IP. Vic cu hnh
t trc cho php cc loi lu lng chung
c enable hay disable.

Device Authorization: Cc Client khng dy c th b
ngn chn theo a ch phn cng ca h (v d nh a
ch MAC). EAS duy tr mt c s d liu ca cc Client
khng dy c cho php v cc AP ring bit kha hay
lu thng lu lng ph hp.

Authentication h tr s y quyn ln bo m
ch c cc Client khng dy c y quyn mi
c truy cp vo mng.. iu ny tng ti a s
bo mt v gim ti thiu cc th tc hnh chnh.

BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 12

V. CC CHUN M HA

1. WEP (Wire Equivalent Privacy)
C hai loi WEP key 64 bit v 128 bit. Mi loi u dng mt vector khi
to di 24 bit, theo sau l mt kha b mt di 40 bit hay 104 bit
tng ng vi hai loi di khc nhau
C 2 dng WEP Key tnh v WEP Key ng.
So vi WEP key tnh, cung cp key tp trung thng qua my ch c tnh thc
t cao hn v an ton hn trong mng LAN khng dy .
WEP dng gii thut RC4 m ha d liu v CRC-32 checksum kim tra
s ton vn d liu trn ng truyn. Nhng im yu ny ng nhiu l
hng khin cho WEP d b khai thc tn cng.
2. WPA(Wi-fi Protected Access)
WPA c thit k lp nhng l hng bo mt ca WEP, c bit l qu trnh
m ha d liu v authenticate yu. Ci tin m ha d liu thng qua TKIP .
TKIP hin thc chc nng kim tra s ton vn thng ip (Message Integrity
Check MIC) 64 bit vi gii thut MICHAEL.
3. WPA2: th h th hai ca WPA, da trn bn sa i 802.11i ca
IEEE dnh cho chun 802.11. im khc bit chnh gia hai th h l
WPA2 dng k thut m ha phc tp hn l AES (Advanced Encryption
Standard), cn gi l Rijndael. y l mt gii thut m ha khi c
cng nhn nh l chun m ha cho chnh ph M

BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 13

VI. U-NHC IM CA WIFI
1. u im :
Mng khng dy cng nh h thng mng thng thng. N cho php ngi dng
truy xut ti nguyn mng bt k ni u trong khu vc c trin khai (nh hay
vn phng). Vi s gia tng s ngi s dng my tnh xch tay (laptop), l
mt iu rt thun li.
Vi s pht trin ca cc mng khng dy cng cng, ngi dng c th truy cp
Internet bt c u. C th trin khai nhng ni khng thun tin v a hnh,
khng n nh, khng trin khai mng c dy c
Ngi dng c th duy tr kt ni mng khi h i t ni ny n ni khc
Mng khng dy c th p ng tc th khi gia tng s lng ngi dng. Vi h
thng mng dng cp cn phi gn thm cp
Mng Internet khng dy (Wi-Fi) em li nhiu li ch cho cng ng, n gip
cho vic truyn ti, tip nhn thng tin cc k nhanh chng v tin li, gip ngi
s dng cng ngh tit kim thi gian nng cao hiu qu cng vic, chng ta cng
c th truy cp Internet theo di tin tc bng s dng in thoi c kt ni Wi-Fi.
Nh vy cng ngh Wi-Fi cng gip cho vic thc y pht trin kinh t - x hi
mt cch r rt.
2. Nhc im :
o Mi trng kt ni khng dy l khng kh nn kh nng b tn cng ca ngi
dng l rt cao.
o Ch yu l trong m hnh mng nh v trung bnh, vi nhng m hnh ln phi kt
hp vi mng c dy. Mt mng chun 802.11g vi cc thit b chun ch c th
hot ng tt trong phm vi vi chc mt. N ph hp trong 1 cn nh, nhng vi
mt ta nh ln th khng p ng c nhu cu. p ng cn phi s dng
thm Repeater hay access point, dn n chi ph gia tng.
o B nh hng bi cc yu t bn ngoi nh mi trng truyn sng, c th nhiu do
thi tit.
BO CO HTVTI: MNG WIFI

NHM 08 TRANG 14

o Chu nhiu cuc tn cng a dng, phc tp, nguy him ca nhng k ph hoi v
tnh v c tnh, nguy c cao hn mng c dy
o Tc ca mng khng dy (1- 125 Mbps) rt chm so vi mng s dng
cp(100Mbps n hng Gbps)
o Sng Wi-Fi khng nh hng n sc kho con ngi, nhng cng cn lu mt
s khuyn co tng t khuyn co v s dng in thoi di ng nh: Khng nn
my tnh xch tay c Wi-Fi ln i,khng nn gn b pht Wi-Fi vo u ging
ng... mc d cha c nghincu no khng nh sng Wi-Fi c nh hng ti sc
kho. Tuy nhin, sng Wi-Fi li nh hng khng tt i vi tr em, gy ra triu
chng (au u, hoa mt, mt ng). V c th cc em nhy cm hn so vi
ngi ln khi tip xc vi mt s tia bc x c hi









TI LIU THAM KHO
http://www.ddth.com/showthread.php/159638-Wireless-LAN-WLAN-
Kh%C3%A1i-ni%E1%BB%87m-m%C3%B4-h%C3%ACnh-v%C3%A0-
ti%C3%AAu-chu%E1%BA%A9n
http://luanvan.co/luan-van/bao-mat-mang-khong-day-34062/
http://thuvienvina.com/Mang-may-tinh/Lan-Wan/cac-mo-hinh-cua-mang-wlan-
wireless-lan.html