BI THUYT TRNH

TI: ANTEN YAGI-UDA

i hc giao thng vn ti thnh ph H Ch Minh
Khoa in- in t vin thng
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Nhm 02:
Nguyn Th Cc Linh
Thch Sa My
Nguyn Vn May
Phan Vn Ngc

Gii thiu


Anten Yagi l loi anten nh hng rt ph bin bi v chng
d ch to. Cc anten nh hng nh Yagi thng s dng
trong nhng khu vc kh ph sng hay nhng ni cn vng
bao ph ln hn vng bao ph ca anten omni-directional.
Anten Yagi hay cn gi l anten Yagi-Uda (do 2 ngi Nht l
Hidetsugu Yagi v Shintaro Uda ch to vo nm 1926) c
bit n nh l mt anten nh hng cao c s dng trong
truyn thng khng dy.
Anten Yagi-Uda
I. Cu trc ca anten Yagi-Uda

Anten Yagi-Uda dng cc phn t anten thng:
i vi dy anten thng thng (Antennas, Anten Parabol..)
tt c cc phn t ca anten u c kch thch dng. Vi
dy anten Yagi-Uda, thng ch c mt phn t c kch
thch in, cc phn t khc khng c kch thch in m
ch c ghp tng h in t. Phn t cp ngun gi l
phn t li, phn t pha trc phn t li l phn t hng
x mang tnh cm khng, phn t pha sau phn t li l phn
t phn x mang tnh dung khng.

I. Cu trc ca anten Yagi-Uda

Dng tng qut ca anten Yagi-Uda:
I. Cu trc ca anten Yagi-Uda

Anten Yagi gm:
+ Chn T Ch ng: thng l chn t na sng
+ Chn t phn x th ng
+ Chn t dn x th ng
Cc chn t phn x v dn x th ng thng c gn trc
tip trn thanh kim loi. Nu chn t ch ng l chn t
vng dt th c th gn trc tip ln thanh kim loi.


II. Nguyn l lm vic ca anten Yagi-Uda




Xt mt Anten dn x gm ba phn t:
Chn t ch ng A, chn t phn x P v chn t dn x D. Chn
t ch ng c ni vi my pht cao tn. Di tc dng ca
trng bc x to bi A, trong P v D s xut hin dng cm ng
v cc chn t ny s bc x th cp. Nh bit, nu chn c
chiu di ca P v khong cch t A n P mt cch thch hp th P
s tr thnh chn t phn x ca A. Khi y, nng lng bc x ca
cp AP s gim yu v pha chn t phn x v c tng cng
theo hng ngc li (hng +z). Tng t nh vy, nu chn
c di ca D v khong cch t D n A mt cch thch hp
th D s tr thnh chn t dn x ca A. Khi y, nng lng bc x
ca h AD s c tp trung v pha chn t dn x v gim yu
theo hng ngc (hng z). Kt qu l nng lng bc x ca c
h s c tp trung v mt pha, hnh thnh mt knh dn sng
dc theo trc ca Anten, hng t chn t phn x v pha chn t
dn x.
III. th bc x












III. th nh hng
Phng hng ca cp chn t ch ng v th ng
IV. Cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda
1. H s sng chm:
Vic xc nh s b cc kch thc v thng s ca anten
c th c tin hnh theo phng phng php l thuyt
anten sng chm (anten sng chm c vn tc pha nh hn
vn tc nh sng). Gi thit cc chn t dn x c di
bng nhau v gn bng mt na bc sng, chng c
t cch in u nhau dc theo trc v to thnh mt cu
trc sng chm (sng mt), vi h s sng chm :

IV. Cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda
1. H s sng chm(tt):
Gi thit dng trong cc chn t c bin bng nhau
nhng lch pha nhau . Nu d l khong cch gi hai
chn t th h s pha ca sng chm s c xc nh
bi: . Ta c h s sng chm bng :


H s sng chm ph thuc vo di l ca cc chn t
v khong cch d gia chng
IV. Cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda
Bng h s sng chm
IV. Cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda

2. Tnh c trng hng
Anten Yagi c th coi l mt h tuyn tnh gm cc ngun ri rc.
Anten thng t cao bng mt s ln chiu di bc sng so
vi mt t hoc mt phn x. nh hng ca mt phn x ln
trng bc x ca anten trong trng hp ny thng tc ng ln
c trng hng trong mt phng ng. Trong trng hp tng
qut , i vi anten cu to t mt chn t khi tnh n nh hng
ca t th trng hng ca n c xc nh bng cng thc:
(, ) =
(,)

(,)

(,)

Trong :
(,)
l tha s xc nh c trng hng ca chn t

IV. Cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda
2. Tnh c trng hng(tt)
Theo cc tr s dng in s tnh c hm phng hng t
hp:



Trong , l gc gia trc anten v hng ca im kho st.

IV. Cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda

2. Tnh c trng hng(tt)
Trong mt phng E:
(,)
=
(

)






Trong mt phng H:
(,)
= 1
IV. Cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda


2. Tnh c trng hng(tt)

(,)
l tha s nh hng ca t ( trong mt phng H )

(,)
= (

. . )
( h l cao anten )

(,)
l tha s ca h

(,)
=

l bin dng trn chn t j

0
l bin dng trn chn t ch ng

l pha ca dng trn chn t th j

l khong cch t chn t j n chn t 0

IV. Cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda

3. Tnh tr khng vo ca chn t ch ng:
Khi c nh hng tng h ca cc chn t th ng th tr
khng vo ca chn chn t ch ng c tnh nh sau:
Z
VA
=R
VA
+ iX
VA


Tr s X
A
s c chn theo iu kin o bo X
VA
=0,
t (2.6) s xc nh c X
A
v do Z
VA
=R
VA



IV. Cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda

3. Tnh tr khng vo ca anten
Li ca Anten
p dng cng thc tnh nh hng
D = A.

vi L = 0.21875

=
0.21875
0.125
= 1.75
H s A ph thuc vo t s

c biu th trn hnh sau:

IV. Cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda

4.Tip in cho anten:
Chn t n gin c ng dng ph bin nht l chn t na
sng (2l =

) tip in cho chn t di sng ca ngn c

th dng ng dy song hnh hoc cp ng trc . y ta s
dng chn t vng v cp ng trc tip in cho Anten . Nh
th s tng tr khng vo chn t ch ng nhm mc ch m
rng di tn cho Anten

IV. Cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda
5.Di thng ca anten Yagi
Cc anten Yagi phn ng rt nhy i vi s bin i ca tn s v
n bao gm cc yu t cng hng. Do anten Yagi c di thng
hp ngi ta xc nh c rng tc dng ca thanh phn x i vi
tr vo ca anten mnh hn nhiu i vi tc dng ca thanh dn
x, v th nn dng thanh phn x c di thng rng. Thng thng
m rng di thng thng dng thanh phn x l chn t vng
dt hoc tt hn l trn t vng dt kp, ngoi ra cc thanh phn x
ny c cp ngun.


IV. Cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda

6 . Cc thng s khc:
Phn t li : C chiu di t 0.45 - 0.49 , ty thuc bn knh ,
folded dipole dng tng tr khng vo
Phn t hng x: C chiu di t 0.4 -0.45 ( khong 10% - 20%
ngn hn phn t li ) , cc phn t khng cn c kch thc ging
nhau.
Phn t phn x: Khong 0.5 ( khong 10% - 20% di hn phn t
li )
o Khong cch gia cc phn t hng x : 0.2 0.4 , khng cn u
o Khong cch gia cc phn t phn x : 0.1 - 0.5 .
in trng ca dy anten Yagi Uda l tng cc in trng ca N
phn t , mi phn t c chiu di L:

=
=

V. ng dng trong thc t

- Anten Yagi c dng rng ri trong v tuyn truyn hnh, trong cc
tuyn thng tin chuyn tip v trong cc i rada sng mt. Anten ny
c dng ph bin nh th v khng nhng c tnh nh hng tng
i tt m kch thc v trng lng khng ln lm,cu trc li n
gin, d ch to..
-Loi anten ny thng c s dng cho m hnh im- im v i
khi cng dng trong m hnh im-a im. Anten Yagi-Uda c xy
dng bng cch hnh thnh mt chui tuyn tnh cc anten dipole song
song nhau.
-ng dng thc t cc bng tn: HF ( 3 30MHz ) , VHF ( 30
300MHz ) , UHF( 300MHz 3GHz ).

V. Tnh ton cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda di tn
430MHz
Thit k mt Yagi antenna, nh gn, hot ng di tn
430MHz c ng dng trong thu pht truyn hnh.

T di tn trung bnh ta tnh c tn s trung tm v
bc sng l:
= 430
=

=
310
8
43010
6
= 697mm


V. Tnh ton cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda di tn
430MHz
Ta chn m hnh anten cn thit k vi cc thng s c chn nh
sau:
N=5 l s chn t dn x,
(N= 1,2,,5 c k hiu nh
hnh mi chn t c chiu di l
Lx)
Mt chn t pht x (chn t ch
ng) k hiu 0, chiu di
Lbx=0.5*
Mt chn t phn x k hiu -1,
chiu di Lpx

V. Tnh ton cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda di tn
430MHz
Chn t ch ng dng lm anten l chn t na sng. i vi
loi anten ny dng trong chn t th ng c cm ng do
trng to bi chn t ch ng. Thng th di thanh phn x
c chn trong gii hn (0,51 0,53) .
Khong cch gia thanh phn x v thanh pht x c chn
trong gii hn (0,150,25).
di thanh dn x chn ngn hn di ca chn t ch ng
v bng (0,220,35).
Khong cch gia chn t ch ng vi thanh dn x u tin
cng nh gia cc thanh dn x vi nhau c chn trong gii
hn (0,10,35).

V. Tnh ton cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda di tn
430MHz
Vi yu cu trn, ta chn di v khong cch ca cc chn t
nh sau:
Chiu di ca chn t pht x:
Lbx=(0,5+- 10%) =348mm
Chiu di ca chn t phn x:
Lpx = 0,53* =370mm
Khong cch gia chn t pht x v chn t phn x, chn t
bc x vi dn x:
dx= 0,25* = 174 mm
V. Tnh ton cc thng s ca anten Yagi-Uda di tn
430MHz
tng G ca anten ta c 2 phng n:
Thay i khong cch gia cc chn t
Thay i kch thc ca cc chn t
Phng php :
Thay i chiu di chn t dn x, vi chiu di chn t dn x
gim dn
L2=0,31 =216mm
L3=0,29 =202mm
L4=0,25 =174mm
L5=0,23 =160mm
Chiu di anten l:
L = 6*0.5* = 6*0.25*697=2091mm
Cm n c v cc bn theo di!!!