i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti Thnh Ph H Ch Minh

Khoa in- in T Vin Thng

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BO CO: H THNG VIN THNG I

ti: TM HIU V MNG
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DANH SCH THNH VIN NHM

Nguyn Th Cc Linh
Phan Th Hunh Giao
Vn V
Nguyn Thnh Duy
Trn Khnh Vng
Lp DV11
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1. Ni dung bo co:
I TNG QUAN
1. Wifi l g?
2. Cc chun wifi
II- NGUYN TC HOT NG
1. Cc thnh phn ca mng wifi
2. Nguyn tc hot ng
III. Mng WLAN
1. M HNH MNG AD HOC (Independent Basic Service sets (IBSSs))
2. M HNH MNG C S (Basic service sets (BSSs))
3. M HNH MNG M RNG( Extended Service Set (ESSs))
IV. BO MT MNG KHNG DY
V. CC CHUN M HA
1. WEP
2. WAP
3. WAP2
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VI. U-NHC IM

I. TNG QUAN
1. WiFi l g?
WiFi l tn gi ph thng ca mng khng dy theo cng ngh
WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) l mt loi mng my tnh
nhng vic kt ni gia cc thnh phn trong mng khng s dng cc
loi cp nh mt mng thng thng, mi trng truyn thng ca cc
thnh phn trong mng l khng kh. Cc thnh phn trong mng s
dng sng in t truyn thng vi nhau cho php ngi s dng ni
mng trong phm vi ph sng ca cc im kt ni trung tm. Phng
thc kt ni ny t khi ra i m ra cho ngi s dng s la chn
ti u, b sung cho cc phng thc kt ni truyn thng dng dy.
WiFi hin nay c s dng cho hng lot cc dch v nh internet,
in thoi internet, my chi game v c cc in t nh TV, u c
DVD v my nh s
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- NG DNG

2. Cc chun wifi

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

II. NGUYN TC HOT NG

1. Cc thnh phn ca mng wifi
Mt mng wireless gm cc thnh phn sau :
a. Antenna
Antenna chnh l thit b thu pht sng in t
v c cc c im c bn sau :
- Antenna pht s chuyn nng lng in
thnh sng in t v pht ra ngoi,ngc li
anten s chuyn sng in t thu c thnh
nng lng in. Mt anten v c bn bao gm
mt b bc x v mt nguyn t anten (antenna
element).
- Kch thc vt l ca anten (chng hn nh
chiu di ca anten) lin quan trc tip n tn
s hot ng ca anten.

b. Wireless Access Point (AP)

L 1 thit b ngoi vi dng sng
thu pht tn hiu, truyn ti thng tin
gia cc thit b wireless va mng
dng dy.Trn thi trng ph bin
l cc AP chun B (11 Mb/s) ,va
G(54Mb/s), gn y xut hin Super
G s dng cng ngh MIMO (Multi
Input-Multi Output) c th truyn
file vi tc 108Mb/s .AP cung
cp cho client mt im truy cp
vo mng. Hnh bn m t AP v
ni s dng chng trong mng
WLAN.

M hnh hot ng
ca Access Point 9

c. Wireless End-user device (Wireless Adapter

Card)
c hiu nh nhng thnh phn m AP coi l
client trong mng Wireless.
Gm c:
- PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card
International Association) : C th s dng cho
cc my tnh xch tay (MTXT) thuc i c,
khng tch hp sn chc nng wifi. y l
chun chn cm c sn hu ht MTXT. Card
wireless PCMCIA s c gn trc tip ln
mainboard nn n phi nm c nh trong
nu khng mun phi m my ra. Card loi ny
bt sng kh tt, c th ni l khng thua km
card m nh sn xut tch hp sn trong my.

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c. Wireless End-user device (Wireless Adapter Card)

(tt)
- Compact flash Cards (CF): L mt loi flash memory (b
nh flash) thng c dng cho my nh s (digital camera),
TD v cc thit b di ng k thut s khc. c sn xut
ln u tin vo nm 1994 t SanDisk. N l mt ming plastic
hnh ch nht, bao gm 2 loi: Compact Flash I dy 3mm,
Compact Flash II dy 5 mm. Compact Flash I cng c th c
s dng trong khe cm Compact Flash II

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c. Wireless End-user device (Wireless Adapter Card)

(tt)
- Ethernet va Serial converters: c s dng vi tt ca
thit b ethernet hoc c cng serial 9 chn. Thng c
s dng cho Print Server khi kt ni vo mng wireless

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c. Wireless End-user device (Wireless Adapter

Card) (tt)
- USB Adapter : Card loi ny c hnh dng v
kch thc ging nh mt chic USB flash m
chng ta hay dng lu d liu, c th dng
cho c PC v MTXT do cc my tnh hin nay
u c sn cng ny. u im ca card cng
USB l d dng cm vo, tho ra hoc ni di
thng qua dy ni c u USB.
- PCI, PCI Express : ph hp dng cho my
tnh bn (PC) do PC thng c sn cc cng
ny trn mainboard (c th dng cm card
wireless, card VGA, sound card) v khng gian
rng. Chun PCI Express c pht trin
trn chun PCI nn s cho tc x l tt hn.

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2. Nguyn tc hot ng:

- Sng v tuyn c truyn t cc anten v cc router v s
c nhn bi cc b nhn nh my tnh, in thoi di ng
c trang b card Wi-Fi... Khi cc thit b ny nhn c tn
hiu th cc card Wi-Fi s c tn hiu v to kt ni khng dy.
Mt khi mt kt ni c thit lp gia ngi dng v mng th
ngi dng s c nhc nh bng mt mn hnh login v
password nu nh l mng thu.
-Vng ph sng bi 1 hay nhiu AP (access point). Mt AP c
phm vi khong t 1 cn phng n vi dm, Trn th gii th
cc AP ny c t cc thnh ph mi ngi vi laptop c
th truy cp Internet, AP c khp ni nh trong nh hng,
khch sn, trng hc, sn bay
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III. MNG WLAN

WLAN l mt loi mng my tnh nhng vic kt ni gia cc
thnh phn trong mng khng s dng cc loi cp nh mt
mng thng thng, mi trng truyn thng ca cc thnh
phn trong mng l khng kh. Cc thnh phn trong mng s
dng sng in t truyn thng vi nhau.
CC M HNH WLAN:
Cc m hnh WLAN: Mng 802.11 linh hot v thit k, gm
3 m hnh mng sau:
M hnh mng c lp(IBSSs) hay gi l mng Ad hoc
M hnh mng c s (BSSs)
M hnh mng m rng(ESSs)
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III. MNG LAN

3.1 M HNH MNG AD HOC (Independent Basic Service sets
(IBSSs)

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III. MNG LAN

3.2 M HNH MNG C S (Basic service sets (BSSs)

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III. MNG LAN

3.3 M HNH MNG M RNG( Extended Service Set (ESSs))

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IV. BO MT MNG KHNG DY

cung cp mc bo mt ti thiu cho mng WLAN th ta cn
hai thnh phn sau:
-Cch thc xc nh ai c quyn s dng WLAN yu cu ny c tha mn bng c ch xc thc
(authentication) .
-Mt phng thc cung cp tnh ring t cho cc d
liu khng dy yu cu ny c tha mn bng mt thut
ton m ha ( encryption).

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IV. BO MT MNG KHNG DY

Mt WLAN gm c 3 phn: Wireless Client, Access Points
v Access Server.
+ Wireless Client in hnh l mt chic laptop vi NIC
(Network Interface Card) khng dy c ci t cho
php truy cp vo mng khng dy.
+ Access Points (AP) cung cp s bao ph ca sng v
tuyn trong mt vng no (c bit n nh l cc cell
(t bo)) v kt ni n mng khng dy.
+ Cn Access Server iu khin vic truy cp. Mt Access
Server (nh l Enterprise Access Server (EAS) ) cung cp
s iu khin, qun l, cc c tnh bo mt tin tin cho
mng khng dy Enterprise
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IV. BO MT MNG KHNG DY

CC THIT LP BO MT TRONG MNG KHNG DY
VPN: EAS bao gm mt IPSec VPN server cho php cc Client khng
dy thit lp cc session VPN vng chc trn mng.
Firewall: EAS hp nht packet filtering v port blocking firewall da
trn cc chui IP. Vic cu hnh t trc cho php cc loi lu lng
chung c enable hay disable.
Authentication h tr s y quyn ln bo m ch c cc Client
khng dy c y quyn mi c truy cp vo mng.. iu ny
tng ti a s bo mt v gim ti thiu cc th tc hnh chnh.
Encryption: WLAN cng h tr WEP, 3DES v chun TLS(Transport
Layer Sercurity) s dng m ha trnh ngi truy cp trm. Cc kha
WEP c th to trn mt per-user, per session basic.
Device Authorization: Cc Client khng dy c th b ngn chn theo
a ch phn cng ca h (v d nh a ch MAC). EAS duy tr mt c
s d liu ca cc Client khng dy c cho php v cc AP ring bit
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kha hay lu thng lu lng ph hp.

V. CC CHUN M HA
1. WEP (Wire Equivalent Privacy)
- C hai loi WEP key 64 bit v 128 bit. Mi loi u dng
mt vector khi to di 24 bit, theo sau l mt kha b
mt di 40 bit hay 104 bit tng ng vi hai loi di
khc nhau
- C 2 dng WEP Key tnh v WEP Key ng.
- So vi WEP key tnh, cung cp key tp trung thng qua my
ch c tnh thc t cao hn v an ton hn trong mng LAN
khng dy .
- WEP dng gii thut RC4 m ha d liu v CRC-32
checksum kim tra s ton vn d liu trn ng truyn.
Nhng im yu ny ng nhiu l hng khin cho WEP d b
khai thc tn cng

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V. CC CHUN M HA
2. WPA(Wi-fi Protected Access)
WPA c thit k lp nhng l hng bo mt ca WEP, c
bit l qu trnh m ha d liu v authenticate yu. Ci tin m
ha d liu thng qua TKIP .
TKIP hin thc chc nng kim tra s ton vn thng ip
(Message Integrity Check MIC) 64 bit vi gii thut
MICHAEL.
3. WPA2: th h th hai ca WPA, da trn bn sa i
802.11i ca IEEE dnh cho chun 802.11. im khc bit
chnh gia hai th h l WPA2 dng k thut m ha phc
tp hn l AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), cn gi l
Rijndael. y l mt gii thut m ha khi c cng nhn
nh l chun m ha cho chnh ph M
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VI. U-NHC IM CA WIFI

1. u im
- Cho php ngi dng truy xut ti nguyn mng bt k ni u
trong khu vc c trin khai (nh hay vn phng).
- Ngi dng c th duy tr kt ni mng khi h i t ni ny n
ni khc
- Mng khng dy c th p ng tc th khi gia tng s lng
ngi dng. Vi h thng mng dng cp cn phi gn thm cp
- Mng Internet khng dy (Wi-Fi) em li nhiu li ch cho
cng ng, n gip cho vic truyn ti, tip nhn thng tin cc k
nhanh chng v tin li, gip ngi s dng cng ngh tit kim
thi gian nng cao hiu qu cng vic, chng ta cng c th truy
cp Internet theo di tin tc bng s dng in thoi c kt ni
Wi-Fi. Nh vy cng ngh Wi-Fi cng gip cho vic thc y pht
trin kinh t - x hi mt cch r rt.

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VI. U-NHC IM CA WIFI

1. Nhc im
- Mi trng kt ni khng dy l khng kh nn kh nng b tn cng ca
ngi dng l rt cao.
- Ch yu l trong m hnh mng nh v trung bnh, vi nhng m hnh ln
phi kt hp vi mng c dy. Mt mng chun 802.11g vi cc thit b chun
ch c th hot ng tt trong phm vi vi chc mt. N ph hp trong 1 cn
nh, nhng vi mt ta nh ln th khng p ng c nhu cu. p ng
cn phi s dng thm Repeater hay access point, dn n chi ph gia tng.
- B nh hng bi cc yu t bn ngoi nh mi trng truyn sng, c th
nhiu do thi tit.
- Chu nhiu cuc tn cng a dng, phc tp, nguy him ca nhng k ph
hoi v tnh v c tnh, nguy c cao hn mng c dy
- Tc ca mng khng dy (1- 125 Mbps) rt chm so vi mng s dng
cp(100Mbps n hng Gbps)
Sng Wi-Fi khng nh hng n sc kho con ngi, nhng cng cn lu
mt s khuyn co tng t khuyn co v s dng in thoi di ng25

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