+ Th tc cp nht v tr

. L th tc MS bo cho h thng bit v tr hin ti ca n. c

thc hin khi MS chuyn t tt my sang m my, khi di chuyn t
vng ny sang vng khc, hoc cp nht theo chu k thi gian
. MSC m ang cha MS s cp nht thng tin voVLR, ng thi bo
v cho MSC m ang qun l MS bit
+ Nguyn nhn
. Thu bao bt ngun hoc quay li vng ph sng
. MS di chuyn t vng nh v ny qua vng nh v khc
. MS di chuyn t vng nh v ny qua vng nh v khc
. Thc hin vic cp nht nh k ca nh mng
+ Qu trnh thc hin
MS s thc hin chn mng khi n bt ngun hay n ang t ngoi vng
ph quay tr li vng c ph
- Xt trng hp : khi My di ng bt ngun hoc quay li vng ph
sng
+Khi MS s phi thc hin qut tt c cc knh sng mang mi knh
s thc hin 5 php o v thi gian o trong khong t 3 5 s (o y
l o cng ca tn hiu ) sau khi o song n s thc hin sp xp cc
knh theo cng tn hiu gim dn => Tip theoMS s nhy vo knh
cao nht kim tra xem c phi l knh BCCH ( Knh qung b t
bo ) hay khng. Bng cch tm knh FCCH ( Knh xa tn )- Kim tra
xem c phi l 142 bt ton 0 hay khng. Mc ch ng b tn s
gia MS v BS(Do BS s lun pht vi tn s chun cn MS s phi
bm theo ng b vi n. V nu ch to MS c tn s chun th s
rt tn km v khng cn thit dn n thit b u cui s rt t tin)
=> nu nhn thy ng l knh FCCH => Knh trn ng l BCCH .


Cc ch chn mng thng thng c 3 ch c bn sau
i. Ch t ng
ii. Ch la chn bng tay
iii. Ch chuyn vng
i. Ch t ng : automatic
. Ch t ng : automatic
trong ch ny thng thng n s chn mng cui cng m n ng
k s dng
Nu khng c mng cui cng th thng thng n s bo l khng tm
thy mng
Nu c s h tr roaming th n s la chn mt mng khc c h
tr Roaming theo trnh t sau :
- mng gc
- mng c lu tr trong SIM theo th t u tin
- cc mng khc c mc tn hiu thu ln hn 85 dBm theo th t bt
k
- tt c cc mng khc theo th t gim gin v cng tn hiu
ii . Ch la chn bng tay : manual
Trong ch ny, MS s chn u tin mng c ng k hay mng gc
(mng ng k cui cng). Nu vic ng k tht bi hay do ngi dng
khi to vic chn mng, MS s ch ra tt c cc mng c th chn.
Ngi dng c th chn mng m mnh mun v bucMS khi to qu
trnh ng k mng .
Thc t ch ny khng c vit nam
Iii . Ch chuyn vng :
c thc hin khi MS ra khi mng PLMN tc l sang mt quc gia
khc nu c s h tr y l tha thun gia hai quc gia vi nhau th
khi MS c th la chn v ng k vi mng ca nc (mng ca
nc c tha thun ). Song mc d vy MS vn c gng s dng dch v
ca mng gc ca n theo chu k c k hiu l T(pht) c lu
trong th SIM . vi bc l 6 ( pht ). Nu khng c gi tr lu trong
th SIM th n s mc nh chu k c gng T l 30 pht
T nm trong khong t : 6 (pht) => 8(gi )
Nu khng c tha thun chuyn vng quc t : th MS s ra mt thng
bo i vi ngi s dng l khng tm thy mng
C hai thut ton thng c s dng trong vic la chn Cell l :
i. la chn thng thng
ii. la chn trn danh sch lu
Trong trng hp khng chn c Cell no ph hp MS s ra mt
thng bo l : ch gi khn cp sos
i. Xt trng hp la chn thng thng :
Vic la chn Cell ph hp th n phi m bo cc yu cu sau :
- Cell phi thuc mng c chn hay l mng c ng k s dng
- Cell khng b cm s dng tc l MS khng c camp vo trong
ch ri ngoi tr ch cp pht n c th thc hin chuyn giao vo
n
- Cell khng thuc vng trong danh sch vng Cm chuyn vng
- Tha mn tiu chun la chn Cell
Nu MS khng bit cc tn BCCH c s dng trong mng n s thc
hin qut tt c cc knh sng mang m MS h tr ( s lng cc knh
sng mng phi qut ph thuc vo kh nng h tr cc bng tn khc
nhau ca MS. Khi mua my nh sn xut thng a ra 1 thng s l
bng tn GSM 900/1800 OR GSM 900/1800/1900 . ) sau n s
thc hin o cng tn hiu ca tt c cc knh sng mang mi knh
s thc hin o 5 ln v ly gi tr trung bnh ca 5 ln o trong thi gian
khong t 3-5 s. sau khi o song n s thc hin sp xp cc knh theo
cng tn hiu gim dn => Tip theo MS s nhy vo knh cao nht
kim tra xem c phi l knh BCCH ( Knh qung b t bo ) hay
khng. Bng cch tm knh FCCH ( Knh xa tn )- Kim tra xem c
phi l 142 bt ton 0 hay khng. Nu ng l BCCH th MS s tip tc
chnh n tn v c knh ng b SCH tm m xc nh trm gc
(BSIC). c bn tin thng bo t h thng
Nu d liu c gii m v Cell l ph hp th MS s Camp ti n v
thc hin cc ng k cn thit
Trong trng hp nu MS khng tm c mng ng k n s tm
mt mng khc nhng mng ny phi c Roaming vi mng ng k
Nu MS tm c Cell thuc mng nhng khng ph hp th MS s s
dng BA list thu c t Cell v ch vic tm knh BCCH trn danh
sch c sn . vic lm ny x lm tng tc s l tuy nhin trong danh
sch phi lu tt c cc knh BCCH (BA list c nh ngha bi tham
s MBCCHNO , n gip cho MS c th bit c tn s cn theo di v
o ch ri v ch cp pht . danh sch BA c pht qung b
trn knh BCCH . danh sch BA ny khng cha tn s ca Cell ang
phc v )
xc nh vic la chn Cell ph hp th trong Cell c 2 ch u
tin : l thng thng ( normal) & thp (low)
Cc Cell ph hp song nu c u tin thp s ch c Camp n nu
khng c Cell ph hp mc u tin thng thng
Mc u tin ca Cell c quyt nh bi tham s :
CBQ : ch s cm Cell
CB : tham s cm Cell
Bng th hin s s l ca MS vi cc t hp CBQ & CB khc nhau :
CBQ CB Vi la chn Cell Vi la chn li Cell
High No Normal Normal
High Yes Barred Barred(b cm)
Low No Low Normal
Low Yes Low Normal



MS s chn Cell c mc u tin tt nht
ii . Xt trng hp la chn trn danh sch lu :
MS c th lu danh sch BA list trc khi tt my hoc ra ngoi vng
ph sng. V s phi lu trong SIM vic lu ny da trn mng c
chn m MS s dng trong ln cui cng ch ri hoc ch cp
pht
Vic MS s c tt c cc tn c trong danh sch BA list s l tng tc
truy cp hay s l. Tuy nhin MS vn phi o cng ca tn hiu
ca tt c cc tn trong BA list ny v chn ra tn c mc tn hiu cao
nht nhy vo nhng lc ny tt c cc tn trong BA listMS s bit
l tn BCCH cho nn n khng cn kim tra iu ny s cho ta mt tham
s l (tng ch em li nh s l) & trong qu trnh hot ng MS s lin
tc cp nht cc knh BCCH mi vo danh sch ca mnh
ng dng thc tin
c dng trong gii php chng n tc giao thng.
Gii php t ng pht hin n tc giao thng da trn tng pht
s n tc ca cc thu bao di ng trn on ng , trn c s p
dng qun l v tr thu bao ca cc nh mng, cc k thut pht hin v
tr thu bao v c s h tng sn c ca mng vin thng. Gii php ny
t phi u t kinh ph v hon ton c tnh t ng.
Cng vi VOV Giao Thng FM 91 MHz, mt knh pht thanh rt hu
ch ca i ting ni Vit Nam thng bo tnh trng giao thng ca H
Ni v TP.H Ch Minh, gii php ny cng s gp phn h tr thng
bo kp thi tnh hnh giao thng n vi ngi dn.
TNG QUAN QUN L V TR THU BAO DI NG
Mt mng di ng bao gm nhiu cell (t bo), trung tm ca mi cell
ny l mt trm thu pht sng BTS (Base Transceiver Station). Vng
ph sng ca mng c ph kn bi cc cell ny. Bn knh ca mt cell
trong vng nng thn l vi km hoc ti hng chc km, trong vng
th l vi trm mt. H Ni v TP.H Ch Minh bn knh trong vng
300-500m.
Qun l v tr thu bao trong mng GSM
GSM l mng chuyn mch knh (circuit-switched). Mc phn
cp nh dn trong qun l v tr ca mng GSM l GSM Service
Area MSC Area LA(Location Area) Cell (Hnh 1).
Mt LA bao gm vi cell. LA l n v nh nht m mng qun l
v tr ca thu bao khi ang ri (Idle). C ngha l thu bao c th di
chuyn t do trong mt LA m khng phi cp nht v tr (Location
Update), nu n di chuyn sang mt LA mi th phi cp nht v tr cho
mng bit. Cn khi thu bao ang bn (gi hoc nhn tin) th mng c
th bit chnh xc v tr ca thu bao ang cell no.
Hnh dng v s cell ca mt LA ph thuc vo cc iu kin c th
ti mi khu vc. Nu s cell ca mt LA tng th mc tiu tn ti
nguyn mng ca LU (Location Update) s gim v Paging(nhn gi) s
tng v ngc li, nn kch thc ca mt LA thng ly mc trung
bnh ca hai yu t ny, ti iu kin mt khu vc c th
K thut xc nh v tr thu bao
xc nh c s thu bao ang mt khu vc c th (c th l
Cell, Location Area, Routing Area, UTRAN Registration Area) cn phi
ly d liu t cc nh mng v lc ra cc thu bao ang cc khu vc
ny. iu ny cn s hp tc ca nh mng. nc ta, ch cn s hp
tc ca mt trong 3 nh mng Viettel, VinaPhone, MobiFone l cng
iu kin v s lng thu bao thc hin gii php. Ngoi ra, cc nh
mng lun c bn b tr cc BTS, cc LA, RA, URA ca mnh nn c
th lc c cc thu bao ti cc khu vc cn thit m khu vc ny phi
bao ph mt on ng cn xc nh n tc.
GII PHP

Tnh ton s lng ngi lu thng trn on ng c kh nng b tc
trc 10 15 pht bng cch theo di d on s lng thu bao lu
thng ti khu vc b tc.
Tm cch chuyn hng lu thng cc thu bao t sm nh vo
CSGT cng nh thng bo trn cc phng tin i chng nh Radio.
KT LUN
Gii php t ng xc nh n tc giao thng c th p dng vo
khu vc cc thnh ph ln nh H Ni v TP.H Ch Minh, v mt vi
tuyn quc l, cao tc m c s lng phng tin tham gia giao thng
ng nh tuyn Php Vn-Cu Gi. Tt nhin, c th p dng c
cn s hp tc ca mt nh cung cp dch v vin thng c th phn
ln. nc ta, ch cn mt trong 3 nh mng l Viettel, VinaPhone,
MobiFone l iu kin.
Ngoi ra cn phi bit c bn b tr cc Cell, LA, RA, URA
ca nh mng nghin cu chn ra cc vng cn thit bao ph on
ng cn xc nh n tc.
Din tch cc vng bao ph con ng cng nh th chnh xc
ca gii php cng cao. Hin nay, t l dng mng GSM cao nn gii
php p dng c cho mng GSM, c th kt hp thm vi mng
GPRS, 3G tng chnh xc. Sau vi nm na, khi t l dng 3G cao
nh 2G (GSM) hin nay th chnh xc s cao hn na, v vng xc
nh c v tr thu bao ca 3G thng nh hn so vi 2G.