Richard Moglen

1. Afghanistan/Pakistan: Be it resolved that the US will partner with

Pakistan to make long-term commitments to peacekeeping and nation
building in Afghanistan by providing financial and military support to help
secure a stable and unified Afghanistan.
Pakistan's place on the world stage shifted after the 11 September 2001 attacks in the
US. It dropped its support for the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and was propelled into
the frontline in the fight against terrorism, becoming a notional ally of Washington.
("Pakistan)

However, Pakistani forces have struggled to maintain control over the restive tribal
regions along the Afghan border, where Taliban-linked militants became firmly
entrenched. These Sunni extremists have more recently expanded attacks from their
border fastness to target minority groups elsewhere in the country, in particular Shia
Muslims and Christians. ("Pakistan)

Americans have been fighting in Afghanistan for longer than the Civil War, World War I,
and World War II combined:12 years(Time)

Should current trends continue, U.S. combat troops are likely to leave behind a grinding
stalemate between the Afghan government and the Taliban.( Biddle)

President Karzai: "My trust with America is not good. I don't trust them and they don't
trust me. During the past ten years I have fought with them and they have made
propaganda against me. (Time)

U.S. ambassador Karl Eikenberry opined: "He and much of his circle do not want the U.S.
to leave and are only too happy to see us invest further. They assume we covet their
territory for a never-ending war on terror and for military bases to use against
surrounding powers." (Time)

If we withdraw from Af/PAK the Taliban would likely retake control as it is already
happening. Also when we train the police and rebels, we do not know if we are actually
training the enemy .( Biddle)

Terrorists don't need to locate in Afghanistan when they can operate in Pakistan and
many other nations. Indeed, al Qaeda affiliates seem to be far more active in Yemen,
Syria, and increasingly Iraq than in Afghanistan. (Time)

Three years ago CIA Director Leon Panetta concluded: "At most, we're looking at 50 to
100, maybe less" al Qaeda fighters in Afghanistan.(so in 2010) (Time)


Richard Moglen

In control of about 90% of Afghanistan until late 2001, the Taliban were recognized as
the legitimate government by only three countries. ("Pakistan)

The Taliban are an extremist group of islam and harbored Al-Qaeda. A punishment for
adultry was stoning to death. (Time)


2. Egypt: Be it resolved that continuing US aid will be contingent on the
Egyptian governments honoring the Camp David Peace Accords and a
continued commitment to a democratically elected civilian government.
As I write from a tightly guarded prison, isolated from the world, I am treated
inhumanely. The number of inmates continues to grow, and we have been denied warm
clothes, medical treatment and mattresses. The new prisoners are not members of the
Muslim Brotherhood but fellow members of revolutionary or liberal movements that
oppose military procedures that violate human rights. Also imprisoned are foreign
journalists who were doing their jobs reporting on events in Egypt. Egyptian media
are under the control of the military and continue to smear our reputations. Adel,
Douma and I have been denied the right to answer those accusations through the media
or through legal channels. Nor are we allowed to regularly meet family members or our
lawyers, a violation of international standards. (Maher)

Maher was imprisoned along with several other thousand people for simply sticking up
for rights or protesting the government. (Maher)

The battle for Egypt is being waged on two fronts: one against the terrorist operations
carried out by Morsi supporters, and the other to bring into existence a true democratic
state. Mr. Morsis democratically elected dictatorship did nothing to advance that true
revolution.(Maher)

Egypt's foreign minister says relations between Cairo and the United States are in
"turmoil" following Washington's decision to suspend delivery of tanks, helicopters and
fighter jets to his country.(Egypt)

The U.S. suspended hundreds of millions of dollars in aid to the Egyptian military after
the July 3 military coup that ousted Mohammed Morsi, the country's first democratically
elected president, and led to the deaths of hundreds in police crackdowns.(Egypt)
It must be asked: Do American taxpayers support U.S. financing of repression in Egypt?
Will the United States stand by as dictatorship is restored? Or will Americans stand with
the Egyptian people in their ongoing struggle for freedom and democracy? (Maher)


Richard Moglen

Nearly 20,000 Egyptians are now sentenced or facing trials for belonging or supporting
the wrong political camp. The military-backed government is now unleashing a legal
onslaught, freeing those who affiliated with the Mubarak regime and imprisoning those
affiliated with the MB. On Dec 21, the toppled president Morsi was referred by Egyptian
prosecutors to a third criminal trial on charges of organizing prison breaks during the
2011 uprising, spreading chaos and abducting police officers in collaboration with
foreign militants, reported the Associated Press.(Baroud)

Mr. Morsi entered office on a wave of hope and exited on a wave of despair. In June
2012, millions streamed onto the streets to celebrate his victory, but their elation soon
turned into hopelessness and then rage as they discovered that he was a puppet
controlled by the Brotherhoods supreme leader. That November, Mr. Morsi issued a
decree annulling the Constitution and granting himself sweeping powers over the legal
system. It amounted to coup dtat.(ASWANY)

3. Iran: Be it resolved that the US will renew full normal relations with Iran
if Iran agrees to abandon nuclear weapons programs and submits to UN
inspections.
In their November 2012 report, the IAEA stated Iran has carried out activities that are
relevant to the development of a nuclear explosive device. This information, which
comes from a wide variety of independent sources, including from a number of Member
States, from the Agencys own efforts and from information provided by Iran itself, is
assessed by the Agency to be, overall, credible.(Fact Sheet)

Halting all enrichment above 5%, diluting or converting the existing stockpile of 20%
uranium to a form that cannot be further enriched, and restricting any further increase
in the stockpile of 3.5% uranium.(Fact Sheet)

Prohibiting the installation and activation of new centrifuges, devices that enrich
uranium to a higher grade.(Fact Sheet)

Suspending construction at Irans heavy water reactor near Arak.(Fact Sheet)

Unprecedented transparency measures in the form of daily IAEA (Fact
Sheet)inspections at Irans Natanz and Fordow facilities, along with regular access to
centrifuge assembly, component and storage facilities.

In return for these concessions, Iran will receive limited, reversible sanctions relief in the
amount of approximately $7 billion. The relief will primarily amount to a release of
sanctions on oil assets, gold and precious metals and Irans auto sector, while leaving
the much stronger sanctions on Irans oil and banking sectors in place.(Fact Sheet)


Richard Moglen

The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) stated in a November 2013 report
that it is highly unlikely Iran could deploy an operational nuclear-armed ICBM within
the next decade. Assuming Iran were to develop the Sejil-2 to allow it to deliver a
nuclear warhead to a range that would threaten the US, "the soonest Iran might have an
operational, solid-propellant ICBM *+ would be late 2019." However, the report admits
that this prediction assumes that Iran could mature its technical and manufacturing
capacity smoothly and efficiently. This would be unlikely considering the history of
Irans ballistic missile development.(Fact Sheet)

Nov. 24, 2013 Deal With Iran Halts Nuclear Program(Timeline)

The negotiators in Geneva early Sunday morning. President Obama hailed the
agreement. Denis Balibouse/ReutersThe United States and five other world powers
announce a landmark accord that would temporarily freeze Irans nuclear program and
lay the foundation for a more sweeping agreement.The aim of the accord, which is to
last six months, is to give international negotiators time to pursue a more
comprehensive accord that would ratchet back much of Irans nuclear program and
ensure that it could only be used for peaceful purposes.(Timeline)

Iran's nuclear program became public in 2002, when an opposition group revealed
secret activity including construction of a uranium enrichment plant at Natanz and a
heavy-water reactor at Arak. Enriched uranium can be used to make nuclear weapons,
and spent fuel from a heavy-water reactor contains plutonium suitable for a
bomb.(Q&A)
The Iranian government subsequently agreed to inspections by the UN nuclear
watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).(Q&A)

But the IAEA was unable to confirm Iran's assertions that its nuclear programme was
exclusively for peaceful purposes and that it had not sought to develop nuclear
weapons. (Q&A)

This led the US and its European allies to press Iran to stop enriching uranium, which can
be used for civilian nuclear purposes but also - if enriched to 90% purity - to build
nuclear bombs.(Q&A)

Western officials and experts concede that Iran will have an enrichment program, but
they want to constrain and control it to ensure that Iran cannot build a nuclear weapon
quickly or undetected. They want some formula that limits the level of enrichment; caps
the stockpiles of enriched uranium; dismantles or decommissions a large number of
Irans centrifuges, machines that enrich uranium; removes the possibility that the
heavy-water reactor will produce plutonium; and allows a deeper level of inspections by
the International Atomic Energy Agency, which monitors compliance with the Nuclear
Nonproliferation Treaty, signed by Iran.(Erlanger)
Richard Moglen



4. Israel/Palestine: Be it resolved that the US will continue to actively
promote the establishment of a Palestinian state which will include Gaza and
the West Bank while requiring Hamas to repudiate terrorism and recognize the
national status of Israel.
Two possible solutions, two states and one state. Both have repercussions such as
tension within the state or territory disputes dating back thousands of years. (Barlow)

the PLO began armed struggle against Israel shortly after it was founded in 1964 and
how in 1968 it adopted the three nosno negotiation with the Jewish state, no
recognition, and no peaceonly to bow to reality a generation later, accepting Israels
existence in 1988 and embracing a two-state solution. Describing this 24-year journey,
Jacobson paused at key way stations, including the PLOs 1968 charter approving armed
struggle and denouncing Zionism as racist, fanatic, and fascist. (Barlow)

Some of the contested territories are obviously Jerusalem, which is the Holy land which is
why some Palestinians call the U.S. crusaders, west bank, and the Gaza strip. ("Palestinian)

In 1979 Egypt and Israel signed a peace agreement, but it wasn't until the early 1990s,
after years of an uprising known as the intifada, that a peace process began with the
Palestinians. Despite the handover of Gaza and parts of the West Bank to Palestinian
control, a final agreement has yet to be reached. (Israel)
The main stumbling blocks include the status of Jerusalem and the fate of Palestinian
refugees and Jewish settlements (Israel)
Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled or were forced out of their native land
during the war, in what they call the 'Nakba' or 'Catastrophe.' The demand of these
refugees and their descendants to return to their former homes remains one of the
most fiercely debated aspects of the dispute with Israel.("Palestinian)

The six day war was a decisive victory for Israel, however taking those lands was
perhaps a strategic mistake. (Israel)
Secretary of State John Kerry has been leading the effort to aid negotiations to find a
solution. Let me begin by thanking President Abbas for his steadfast commitment to stay
at these negotiations despite difficulties that he and the Palestinians have perceived in the
process, he said. (Study)

Israel and the imperialism around us, which confront us, are two separate things. There
have been attempts to separate them, in order to break up the problems and present them
in an imaginary light as if the problem of Israel is the problem of the refugees, by the
solution of which the problem of Palestine will also be solved and no residue of the problem
Richard Moglen

will remain. The danger of Israel lies in the very existence of Israel as it is in the present and
in what she represents.
(2)
Nassar about Israel (The Six)

5. Syria: Be it resolved that the US will seek and lead a NATO military
mission to disable the Syrian military, protect Syrian citizens, and remove
Syrian President Bashar Assad and his regime from power.
The conflict in Syria is centered on its use of chemical weapons. Russias compromise
saved the U.S. from embarrassment (Walker)
2.4 million refugees who have registered and tens of thousands more are waiting to
register ("Syrias)

In August 2012, President Barack Obama said the U.S. would reconsider its opposition to
military involvement in the Syrian civil war if Assad's regime deployed or used chemical
or biological weapons. He called such action a "red line" for the United States. ("Syrias)

In June 2013, U.S. officials said that line had been crossed. They reported that Syria has
used sarin gas on multiple occasions, killing up to 150 people. Shortly after, Obama
authorized sending weapons to the Syrian rebels for the first time. ("Syrias)

A purported chemical attack in August 2013 pushed the U.S. even closer to action.
("Syrias)

Obama labelled the alleged attack an "assault on human dignity" and called for direct
military action in Syria. However, he agreed to pursue a diplomatic solution backed by
Russia before launching any strikes. ("Syrias)

A crucial battle is now being fought at Qalamoun, in the west. The Syrian army and rebel
forces are engaged in a ferocious battle for this strategic ridge, which controls the all-
important supply line between Lebanon and rebel territory. We were told that the
Battle of Qalamoun was all over bar the shouting, and that it will fall to Assads forces
quite soon.(Oborne)

Officials in several countries that had pledged to support a U.S. strike on Syrian targets
after confirmation that President Bashar al-Assad had used chemical weapons described
their stunned reaction to Obamas abrupt decision in late August to cancel the
operation just days before its planned launch so he could ask for congressional
agreement.(Deyoung)

We agreed to everything that we were asked ... as part of what was going to take
place, said a senior Saudi official reached by telephone in the kingdom. Instead of the
10-to-12-hour warning before launch that the Americans had promised, the official said
that Saudi intelligence chief Prince Bandar bin Sultan did not know about *the
cancellation+. ... We found out about it from CNN.( Deyoung)
Richard Moglen


A major question however will continue to surface: even if the secular Syrian opposition
agrees to a future arrangement with the current Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad, will
that have any bearings on other extremist forces fighting their own cause? Even with
the most optimistic assessments, the Syrian conflict is unlikely to be settled in
2014.(Baroud)


6. Ukraine: Be it resolved that unless Russia withdraws all troops from
Ukraine (including Crimea), the US will enact diplomatic and economic
sanctions on Russia, seek to suspend Russias membership in the G-8, and offer
NATO membership to Ukraine.
The area of Crimea has strong Russian ties but the invasion was unwarranted and an act
of aggression.(Associated)
1991 - Ukraine declares independence following attempted coup in Moscow: 90% vote
for independence in nationwide referendum in December. ( "Ukraine)

According to the Russian state news agency Itar-Tass, the country's constitution requires
that the Federation Council must consider and debate the use armed forces outside
Russia following a request from the president. The request should contain "sound
reasons" for the use of the military. (Sanchez)

2013 July - Russia halts imports of chocolate from one of Ukraine's main confectionary
makers, Roshen, saying its products fall below safety standards, in what is seen as
retaliation for Ukraine's efforts to integrate further with the EU. ( "Ukraine)

November - Tens of thousands of protesters take to the streets of central Kiev and other
cities to protest at the government's sudden decision to abandon plans to sign an
association agreement with the EU. They accuse the government of bowing to Russian
pressure, as well as being corrupt and unaccountable. ( "Ukraine)

2014 February - After months of failed efforts at compromise, the Kiev protests see their
deadliest week. At least 77 people die and police are accused of using live ammunition.
The EU imposes targeted sanctions, protesters storm government offices in the east,
officials begin deserting the ruling party. ( "Ukraine)

2014 March - Russian parliament approves President Vladimir Putin's request to use
Russian forces in Ukraine. The Ukrainian army adopts a state of alert. Ukraine's interim
prime minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk accuses Russia of declaring war. US President Barack
Obama tells Mr Putin to pull forces back to bases. Mr Putin says Moscow has right to
protect its interests and those of Russian-speakers in Ukraine. President Putin denies
Russia has sent troops into Crimea, says force will only be used as a last resort.
("Ukraine)
Richard Moglen


Within hours of the EU proposal's rejection, thousands of protesters stormed the streets
of Kiev (the capital of Ukraine) to renew their cry for economic reform and voice their
opposition to the president's decision, calling for his immediate resignation.(Curran)

The United States and most of the EU have threatened economic sanctions against
Russia as well as voting to kick them out of the G8 if they do not withdraw their troops
from Ukraine.(Curran)



































Dear Constituents,
Richard Moglen

As your senator, I am your voice in congress. As your voice I should be representing you as fairly
as possible and be voting for the interest of the majority. As such I welcome questions on my votes and
try to announce my intentions so that I can have full transparency so that I dont vote for just myself but
for all who I represent.
In the last session of the senate, we were mainly focusing on foreign policy issues. We discussed
the rising conflict in Ukraine, Syria, Israel Palestine, Afghanistan Pakistan, Egypt, and Iran.
First, we discussed Ukraine and Russias growing presence in Crimea. An amendment was
introduced to strike the wording including Crimea from the resolution. However I believed that
Crimea, which is actually holding a referendum to secede from Ukraine, has everything to do with our
foreign policy goal in Russia. As a country, we need to prevent a re-establishment of the Soviet Union
which is what Russia plans to form by annexing Crimea and perhaps more territories. So I voted along
with the majority to strike the amendment and to pass the resolution whose final totals was 17 yeas, 14
nays, 4 abstentions. So unfortunately we did not pass the resolution but instead tabled the bill.
The next foreign policy conflict we discussed was Afghanistan and Pakistan. Afghanistan and
Pakistan is a conflict that is still very unstable. Also the president of Afghanistan has requested that the
U.S. pull out of Afghanistan by the end of the year which is likely to cause Afghanistan to digress since
the afghan police and troops are not trained well enough to keep the government in control and
prevent the Taliban from seizing power. That is why I voted along with the majority in a 20 yeas, 13
nays, and 2 abstentions to keep a financial and military presence in Afghanistan through Pakistan to help
them rebuild their nation
The next topic that we deliberated on was Syria. In Syria, we need to step in to prevent any
more chemical weapon attacks on its citizens. Assad will do anything to stay in power and thats why we
need to intervene, hes broken international law and needs to face the consequences. Thats why I
voted to step to intervene in a 4 yeas, 23 nays, and 7 abstentions decision. This is a case where we could
disable all chemical weapons and with draw quickly, there is no need for a prolonged engagement we
just need to help the rebels.
Egypt was a difficult issue for us to find a resolution, in fact we did not. We found it hard to
disrespect the Geneva Accords and stop the aid but also keep financing a country, a regime that was
imprisoning journalists, activists, killing protesters. That is why I voted along with the majority to table
this bill.
For Iran, the whole Senate seemed to reach a consensus. We had already reached a 6 month
deal with them and we believed by giving them carrots, we could reward for stopping their nuclear
program. So the only amendment was a 20 yea vote to change some wording to gradually returning
their status to normal. Then in a 30 yea, 2 nay and 1 abstention decision we decided to pass the
resolution.
The conflict between Israel and Palestine is at the core of almost all of these Middle Eastern
issues. So if we could manage to solve this one, it could lead to solving some of the other issues.
However I believe that making Jerusalem a free state is not the answer so I voted nay in the 20 yeas, 13
nays, and 3 abstention decision. Both Palestine and Israel would not agree to this and in my opinion it
would just lead to more conflict. However I did vote in favor of the child interpersonal programs since I
believe that could help relieve tensions in the future. Then I abstained on the decision to amend the
resolution to send the Chicago bulls to mediate tensions which is perfectly ridiculous. SO in the final
Richard Moglen

vote I voted against the resolution since I felt that the decision that we reached was wrong. The vote
was 15 yeas, 15 nays, and 5 abstentions
I hope that based on my transparency along with my voting for you, my constituents, that you
reelect me in the next election.
Best Regards,
Senator Richard Moglen



























Richard Moglen

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Richard Moglen

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Richard Moglen

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Richard Moglen

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