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Cetinje, Njegoeva ulica | Njegoseva street in Cetinje
Cetinje, Zetski dom
Niki, Dvorac Kralja Nikole | Castle of King Nikola
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220 cm height). The entrance doors are emphasized with stone
frames, lovely carved pieces of wood, arc or rectangular end.
3.2.3. Typology of the rural house in Karst area and Skadar
Lake coast
Similarity of natural characteristics of the Coast and Karst area
found its reflection also in typologically very similar houses. The
degree of the similarity depends directly from intensity of cultural
influences which used to come from the coast in the past. The
confirmation of this thesis can be found in the fact that in the area
of karst popular house achieved its highest limit in Crmnica at the
continental side of mountain chain along the sea (Sutorman, Soz-
ina, Pastrovska gora). A storey house of elongated shape with
double slope roof could be distinguished as typical. The term
storey house, like in many cases at other locations, is connected
with existence of the ground floor semi-storey, formed by under-
pinning the slope, what caused the name for such houses house
on the cellar and house on the shack. Houses with walls made
of stone appear also out of the coastal area and the area of karst
in some parts of the areas of high mountains-as a subtype with
mixed characteristics, what is usual for boundary zones of two
areas. The appearance of this typological variety is a result of the
lack of qualitative timber, as well as always present cultural influ-
ences from neighbors. The houses of the coastal area of Skadar
Lake as typological particularities. The houses of the settlements
near the Skadar Lake, because of their contents, could be called
fishing houses. They were formed by transformation-permanent
positioning of coastal seasonal facilities which serve primarily for
conservation and treatment of the fish, as well as corn drying. The
examples of such transformation could be seen on different loca-
tions, on which almost identical examples of transformation of
coastal economic facilities into permanent settlements were real-
prolosti dolazili sa primorja. Potvrdu ove teze nalazimo u injenici
da je na podruju krasa narodna kua svoj najvii domet dostigla
u Crmnici - na kontinentalnoj strani planinskog vijenca uz more
(Sutorman, Sozina, Patrovska gora). Kao tipina, moe se
izdvojiti spratna kua, izduenog oblika sa dvovodnim krovom.
Pojam spratna kua, kao i u brojnim sluajevima na drugim
lokalitetima, vezan je za postojanje prizemne poluetae, formirane
podziivanjem padine, iz kojeg je nastao i naziv kua na konobu
i kua na izbi. Kue sa zidovima od kamena javljaju se i van
podruja primorja i krasa - u djelovima oblasti visokih planina -
kao podtip sa mjeovitim karakteristikama, to je uobiajeno za
granine zone dviju oblasti. Pojava ovog tipolokog varijeteta
rezultat je nedostatka kvalitetne drvene grae, kao i uvijek
prisutnih kulturnih uticaja iz susjedstva. Kue obalnog podruja
Skadarskog jezera kao tipoloke posebnosti. Kue prijezerskih
naselja Skadarskog jezera, zbog svojih sadraja, mogu se nazvati
ribarskim kuama. Formirale su se transformacijom - stalnim
nastanjivanjem obalnih sezonskih objekata, nekada namijenjenih
iskljuivo uvanju i obradi ribe, kao i suenju ita. Na primjere
ovakve transformacije nailazimo na razliitim lokalitetima, kod
kojih su se odigrali gotovo identini primjeri pretvaranja obalnih
ekonomskih objekata u stalna naselja: u Patroviima (Prno,
Rafailovii) i u Krtolima (Bjelila, Kakrc). Autentina ribarska kua
bila je jednodjelna prizemljua, malih dimenzija, sa dvovodnim
krovom. U skladu sa karakteristikama kamene prizemljue,
umjesto prozora, postojali su samo mali nezastakljeni otvori
(veliine kamenog bloka).
Obavezni dio unutranje ugraene opreme bilo je kameno korito
kopanja za soljenje ribe. Tipoloki varijetet predstavlja kua u
Rijeci Crnojevia, u kojoj se prepliu karakteristike krasa i
Mediterana sa orijentalnim karakteristikama, kao rezultat
Kua u Karstnoj oblasti, tipologija | House in karst region, typology
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Rijeka Crnojevia
Seoske kue u priobalju Skadarskog jezera
Village houses in the coast of Skadar lake
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arhi tektonski atl as crne gore preporuke za graenj e archi tectural atl as of montenegro recommendati ons for constructi on
ized: in Patrovii (Prno, Rafailovii) and in Krtole (Bjelila, Kakrc).
Authentic fishing house was one-part prizemljusa, with small
dimensions, with double slope roof. In line with the characteristics
of the stone prizemljuse, instead of the windows, there were only
small non-vitrified openings (size of stone block). Necessary part
of the inside built-in equipment was stone trough kopanja for
fish salting. Typological variety presents a house in Rijeka Crno-
jevica, in which the characteristics of the karst and Mediterranean
are mixed with oriental characteristics, as a result of mixture of
relevant cultural influences. Oriental influences are most notice-
able at terraces, where all elements are made of timber and which
looks like enclosed porch regarding the concept. Typological char-
acteristics of the house in Rijeka Crnojevica were influenced by
unstable seasonal water regime of the lake. As a result of adapta-
tion to such conditions of environment, the houses in Rijeke Crno-
jevica, located at the very coast, have some characteristics of pile
dwellings. One of the elements of that similarity are pillars
(massive, stone) in partly free ground floors which are flooded in
the periods of high watermark. The most obvious example of the
characteristics of local architecture is the house beside the old
stone bridge (Danilov most). Frontal part of the house with volat
is in the water, so the semi-storey which usually belongs to the
cellar, here presents sheltered dock in the scope of the very
house with direct access for the boat cun from the lake.

mijeanja odgovarajuih kulturnih uticaja. Orijentalni uticaji
najuoljiviji su kod terase, iji su svi elementi od drveta i koja po
konceptu odgovara ardaku. Na tipoloke odlike kue u Rijeci
Crnojevia uticao je i promjenjljivi sezonski vodni reim jezera.
Kao rezultat prilagoavanja ovakvim uslovima okruenja, kue u
Rijeci Crnojevia, locirane na samoj obali, imaju i neke odlike
sojenica. Jedan od elemenata slinosti sa sojenicama su stubovi
(masivni, kameni) u djelimino slobodnim prizemljima koja bivaju
plavljena u vrijeme visokog vodostaja. Najoigledniji primjer odlika
lokalne arhitekture je kua uz stari kameni most (Danilov most).
Prednji dio kue sa volatom je u vodi, tako da poluetaa, koja
uobiajeno pripada konobi, ovdje predstavlja natkriveno
pristanite u okviru same kue sa direktnim pristupom za un sa
jezera.
3.3. Tipologija i elementi arhitekture u okviru sjeverne regije
3.3.1. Tipologija varoke kue u oblasti visokih planina
Karakteristika ovih kua je to su naslonjene jedna na drugu u
nizu sa obije strane ulice. Kue su pravougaone osnove ili
kvadratne sa prizemljem i spratom, poreane u nizu u sklopu
veih ili manjih stambenih blokova uklapajui se u ulinu mreu.
Fasade su ralanjene nizom simetrino rasporeenih vrata i
prozora. U prizemlju su se nalazile zanatlijske radnje, trgovine i
kafane, a na spratu prostorije za spavanje. Svaka kua imala je
dvorite i batu. Kue sa dvorine strane imale su kao po pravilu
Dodoi
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arhi tektonski atl as crne gore preporuke za graenj e archi tectural atl as of montenegro recommendati ons for constructi on
3.3. Typology and elements of architecture in the frame of
Northern region
3.3.1. Typology of the urban settlements house in the area of
high mountains
Characteristic of those houses is the fact that they are placed one
on each other as a line on both sides of the street. The houses
have rectangular or square base with ground floor and first floor,
lined within a group of residential blocks adapting into street net-
work. Frontages are separated with lines of symmetrically distrib-
uted doors and windows. At the ground floor there were craftsman
stores, shops and pubs, and at the first floor sleeping rooms. Each
house had garden and yard. The houses from the yard side had
as by the rule doksat-balcony and stairs which were making a
whole with basic size of the house. Houses have two entrances
from the street for business premises, from inner part with stairs to
the first floor and from the yard to the doksat. The space for
living is organized in the same way like in the houses in Karst
area.
3.3.2. Elements of urban settlements architecture
The ground floors of the houses were built of broken stone and
the floor was usually built of cakma. Some houses were com-
pletely, both ground floor and first floor, made of cakma. Roof
was constructed of shingle and metal plates. The roof is usually
based on square hipped roofs, and at the rectangular base it is a
double slope roof. The windows and door are rectangular, edged
with nicely dressed stone and the edges of facades are also
doksat-balkon i stepenite koji su inili cjelinu sa osnovnim
gabaritom kue. Kue imaju dva ulaza od ulice za poslovni
prostor, sa unutranje strane stepenicama za sprat i od dvorita
preko doksata. Prostor za stanovanje isto je organizovan kao i
kod kua u karstnoj oblasti.
3.3.2. Elementi varoke arhitekture
Prizemlje kua zidani su od lomljenog kamena a sprat je obino
pravljen od akme. Neke kue su kompletno i prizemlje i sprat
pravljene od akme. Krovni pokriva je indra i pokriva od lima,
krov je obino na kvadratnoj osnovi etvorovodan, a na
pravougaonoj osnovi na dvije vode. Prozori i vrata su
pravougaoni, oivieni lijepo klesanim kamenom kao i ivice fasada
su takoer obraeni ugaonicima. Vrata pored pravougaonog
zavretka imaju i polukruno zavravanje kao nadsvijetlo dim. su
(120/240 + 50 cm). Ponekad su prozori i vrata oivieni profilisanim
slojem maltera. Krovni prozori u potkrovlju su pravougaoni sa
zabatnim zavretkom.
3.3.3. Tipologija seoske kue u oblasti visokih planina
Zatitni znak ruralne stambene arhitekture umovitih planinskih
oblasti predstavlja dvodjelna dinarska brvnara izduene
pravougaone osnove kua na elicu ili kua na magazi,
postavljena upravno na nagib terena i prepoznatljiva po
Kolain, fasada tipine gradske ulice | Typical faade of city house
Andrijevica balkon stare kue | Balcony of old house
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Berane
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arhi tektonski atl as crne gore preporuke za graenj e archi tectural atl as of montenegro recommendati ons for constructi on
worked with corner stones. The door beside the
rectangular end have semicircle end as a hopper
window with dimensions (120/240 + 50cm.).
Sometimes the doors and windows are edged
with profiled layer of the mortar. Roof lights
(windows) in the attic are rectangular with gable
end.
3.3.3. Typology of the rural house in the area
of high mountains
Trade mark' of the rural residential architecture
of forest mountain areas presents a two-part
Dinaric cottage with elongated rectangular base
house on the cellar or house on the store,
placed vertically on the slope of the terrain and
recognizable because of the storage semi-storey
izba or store, formed with underpinning the
front side of the house. Traditional architecture of
those areas is characterized by timber, as a main
material for walls and roofing. In order to avoid
direct contact of the timber with ground the
stone is used, from which the walls of the store
and stone plinths are constructed, on which the
ground beams temeljnace are placed. The
most noticeable typological element of the cot-
tage is high hipped roof, which is similar in shape
to the shape of pyramid. The pyramid of the
roof together with relatively low kubus (main
volume) of the ground floor forms a very harmo-
nized, well proportioned whole. Shaped effects of
the cottage are even stronger when the grouping
of residential and neighboring facilities within the
frame of one household is considered. Repetition or moderate
variation of the motives of high dark roofs leads to the gradation of
the effect. The possibilities of spatial development-overbuilding of
the cottage are limited with traditional hipped roof. While the sin-
gle slope or double slope roof of the stone house made possible
technical realization of expanding the house with overbuilding,
horizontal size of the cottage was beforehand bordered with the
surface of the roof base (what imposed spatial development
through division of the inside space). Usual shape of the summer
pasture camps-for the purpose of the summer house for stock-
men, is a cottage with low walls made of stone (up to 1.5m), con-
podrumskoj poluetai
izbi ili magazi,
nastaloj podziivanjem
prednjeg dijela kue.
T r a d i c i o n a l n a
arhi t ekt ura ovi h
predjela prepoznatljiva
je po drvetu, kao
osnovnom materijalu
zidova i krovnog
pokrivaa. U cilju
i z b j e g a v a n j a
neposrednog dodira
drveta sa tlom koristi se
kamen, od kojeg su
izraeni zidovi magaze
i kameni sokli, na koje
se polau grede
t e me l j n j a e .
Najmarkantniji tipoloki
element brvnare je
visoki etvorovodni
krov, koji se svojim
oblikom pribliava
obl i ku pi rami de.
Pi rami da krova
zajedno sa relativno
niskim kubusom
pri zeml j a formi ra
veoma skladnu, dobro
proporcionisanu cjelinu.
Oblikovni efekti brvnare
jo su snaniji kada se
posmatra grupacija stambenog i pomonih objekata u okviru
jednog domainstva. Ponavljanje, ili blago variranje motiva visokih
tamnih krovova dovodi do gradacije efekta. Mogunosti
prostornog razvoja - dograivanja brvnare ograniene su
tradicionalnim etvorovodnim krovom. Dok je dvovodni ili
jednovodni krov kamene kue omoguavao tehniki jednostavnu
realizaciju proirivanja kue dograivanjem, horizontalni gabarit
brvnare unaprijed je bio omeen povrinom osnove krova (to je
nametalo prostorni razvoj dijeljenjem unutranjeg prostora).
Uobiajeni oblik katuna - ljetnjeg stoarskog stana je koliba sa
Durmitorska kua | Durmitor house
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Kosanica
Piva
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niskim zidovima od kamena (do 1.5 m), zidanih u suvo, i
dvovodnim krovom od oblica, pokrivenim slamom ili cijepanom
daskom. Neki arhaini oblici, sa odlikama neolitske kolibe,
registrovani su u Pivi i na Prokletijama.
Derivati dinarske brvnare kao tipoloke posebnosti
U varoicama Plav i Roaje, naseljima poluurbanog karaktera,
razvili su se tipoloki derivati brvnare, nastali na ravnijem terenu i
u posebnim kulturno-istorijskim prilikama: spratna brvnara i kula -
dvospratnica sa odlikama utvrenja. Karakteristino obiljeje
tipine kue Plava predstavlja spoljnje stepenite, natkriveno
produenom strehom, koje se javlja kao dodatni element u
arhitekturi brvnare. Spoljnje stepenite izraz je naprednije
organizacije prostora, jer su na taj nain razdvojeni ulazi u staju
(prizemlje) i stan (sprat). Tipinu roajsku kuu karakterie
zadravanje unutranjeg stepenita. Kula predstavlja veoma
markantan oblik utvrenog stana, kod kojeg se proireni oblik
primarne brvnare naao u nivou drugog sprata - na vrhu
dvoetanog kamenog kubusa (prizemlje i prvi sprat). Veoma
ilustrativan primjer, u kojem je kod stana na drugom spratu u
cjelini primijenjena drvena konstrukcija, je Redepagia kula u
Plavu.
3.3.4. Elementi seoske arhitekture
Zidovi
Osnovna struktura zidova zavisila je od lokalnih resursa
kvalitetnog drveta, ali je i u neposrednoj vezi sa funkcionalnom
podjelom prostora tipine brvnare na prostoriju sa ognjitem
structed u suvo (without mortar) and double slope roof made of
logs, covered with straw or cut timber. Some archaic types, with
characteristics of Neolith cottage are registered in Piva and on
Prokletije.
Derivates of the Dinaric cottage as a typological particularity
In urban settlements Plav and Rozaje, settlements with semi-
urban character, typological derivates of cottage were developed,
on more flat terrain and within special cultural-historical circum-
stances.: storey cottage and tower- two storey house with charac-
teristics of the fort. Characteristic element of the typical house in
Plav presents outside stairs, sheltered with extended shelter,
which appear as an additional element in architecture of the cot-
tage. The outside stairs reflects more advanced organization of
the space, because in that way the entrances of the stable
(ground floor) and living premises (first floor) are separated. Typi-
cal house in Rozaje is characterized by a very noticeable shape of
fortified apartment, at which the expanded shape of the primary
cottage is found on the level of second floor-at the top of double-
storey stone kubus (ground floor and first floor). Very illustrative
example, where at the apartment on the second floor whole con-
struction is built of timber, is Tower Redzepagica in Plav.
3.3.4. Elements of rural architecture
Walls
Basic structure of the walls depended of local resources of quali-
tative timber, but it is also directly connected to the functional
division of the space of typical cottage on the room with fire-place
Roaje
Plav
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Gornja Moraa
Plav, Kula Redepagia
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Kolain, Savardak
Kula, staro graditeljstvo
Bjelasica
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arhi tektonski atl as crne gore preporuke za graenj e archi tectural atl as of montenegro recommendati ons for constructi on
kuu i sobu. Isticanje dviju funkcija kroz razliite materijale
ogleda se u upotrebi kamena kod zidova kue i drveta - brvana i
talpi kod zidova sobe, to je istovremeno u skladu sa principom
uvanja drvenih zidova od neposrednog kontakta sa tlom. Izraz
ekonominije upotrebe drveta predstavljaju bondrune
konstrukcije - drveni skelet sa razliitim vrstama ispune. Varijante
ispune su: dizma - od punog drveta koju ine gredice unutar
drvenog skeleta, atma - obostrano nakovane tanke oblice sa
ilovaom ili ljunkom u meuprostoru, i pleter - struktura od
prua upletena oko vertikalnih potki (uglavnom za pomone
objekte). Sve tri varijante bondruka obostrano se malteriu
krenim malterom.
Krov i krovni pokriva
Nagib dviju osnovnih krovnih ravni je oko 60 (duina roga
jednaka je 4/5 raspona), a u niim dolinskim predjelima je oko 45
(visina krova jednaka je 1/2 raspona). Strmije su ue eone strane
krova sa nagibom od 80, ime je smanjena slobodna duina
grebenog roga, a ostvareni su i povoljniji statiki uticaji na spoju
rogova i vjenanice. U okviru slinih krovnih pokrivaa od drveta
izdvaja se indra, ija geometrija (daske klinastog presjeka
pritesane na krajevima) omoguava izuzetnu otpornost na vjetar i
kiu.

(hearth) house and the sleeping room. Distinguishing of the two
functions through different materials reflects in the use of stone in
the walls of the house and timber-logs and planks in the walls of
the sleeping room, what is at the same time in line with the princi-
ple of protection of the timber walls from direct contact with
ground. The expression of a more economic use of the timber
present post and pan constructions wooden skeleton with differ-
ent types of fillings. Varieties of the filling are: dizma webbed
wood made of small girders inside the wooden skeleton, catma
both-side forged thin round logs with argil or gravel in space, and
pleter structure made of thin sticks around the vertical woofs
mostly for utility facilities). All three varieties of the post and pan
are plastered on both sides with lime mortar.
Roof and roofing
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ardak i elementi arhitekture
ardaci, kao poluotvoreni prostori uz unutranje stepenite,
uglavnom su karakteristini za kule. Prepoznatljivi su po drvenoj
konstrukciji i po namjeni koja je prvenstveno vezana za ljetnje
uslove. U zimskim uslovima, radi zatite od hladnoe, koriste se
drveni kapci koji se sputaju sa gornje strane otvora ili zastakljeni
ramovi koji se horizontalno smiu.
4.
Savremene realizacije i preporuke za graenje na nivou regija
4.1. Karakteristike savremene prakse i potencijali studije
Evidentne posljedice neodgovarajuih pristupa od strane
investitora i projektanata praenih pogrenim projektantskim
stavovima i odlukama kod realizacije novih objekata i kod
intervencija na postojeim objektima.
Imitacija nacionalnog u arhitekturi u vidu mnogobrojnih lukova,
erkera, arenih fasada dovodi do falsifikovanja profesionalnih
ideja. Umjesto potovanja urbanog konteksta primjeuje se tenja
izdvajanja sopstvenog djela.
Postupak u aktuelnoj praksi koji karakterie tretman autentinih
seoskih kua odvija se na nain kako slijedi. Novi vlasnici kupuju
stare kue uglavnom zbog njihove lokacije. S obzirom da stare
seoske kue ne ispunjavaju savremene zahtjeve u pogledu
komfora i opremljenosti instalacijama, pristupa se naelno
opravdanoj rekonstrukciji. Problem nastaje u postupku intervencija
koje po pravilu ukljuuju neizbjene promjene gabarita, ali se
pritom potpuno zanemaruje lokalna arhitektura u svim njenim
aspektima. Rezultat su zdanja koja ne komuniciraju i nisu u
ravnotei sa prostorom, ve svojim agresivnim odnosom prema
okolini uglavnom iskazuju pretenzije da se nametnu kao novi
(kvazi)modeli arhitekture namijenjene turizmu.
Vee uvaavanje karakteristika i vrijednosti raznolikog ambijenta u
Crnoj Gori od strane aktuelnih i potencijalnih investitora, prije
svega posebnosti lokalnih graditeljskih identiteta.
The inclination of the two main roof slopes is around 60 (the
length of the rafter amounts 4/5 of the span), and in lower valley
areas it amounts around 45 (the height of the roof amounts 1/2 of
the span). Narrower face-work sides of the roof are steeper with
inclination of 80, what decreases free length of ridge rafter, and
more favorable static influences are realized at the connection of
the rafters and wall plate. In the scope of similar roofing made of
timber, shingle is distinguished, which geometry (boards of
wedge-shaped section roughly dressed at ends) creates a very
good wind and rain resistance.
Enclosed porch cardak and elements of architecture
Enclosed porches, as half-open spaces beside the inside stairs,
are mostly characteristic for the towers. They are recognizable
because of the timber construction and purpose which is primarily
related to summer conditions. In winter conditions, in order to
create protection from the cold weather, wooden shutters are
used, which are dropped from the top of the openings, or vitrified
frames which could be moved horizontally.
4.
Contemporary realizations and recommendations for construction
at the level of regions
4.1. Characteristics of contemporary practice and potentials
of the study
Evident consequence of inappropriate approaches by investors
and architects followed by wrong architectural attitudes and deci-
sions in realization of the new facilities and in interventions on the
existing facilities.
Imitation of the national in architecture reflected in numerous
arches, bay windows, colorful facades, leads to the forgeries of
professional ideas. Instead of respecting the urban context a pre-
tension for distinction of the individual work is noticeable.
The procedure in actual practice which characterizes the treat-
ment of authentic rural houses is realized in following way. New
owners buy old houses mostly because of their location. Since old
rural houses do not satisfy contemporary demands regarding the
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Hotel Maestral, Prno
Budva, Slovenska plaa
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Znaaj problema i posljedica u direktnoj je proporciji sa:
fizikim obimom i strukturnim karakteristikama
graditeljskog zahvata,
znaajem i vrijednou same lokacije: istorijska gradska
jezgra pod zatitom, prostor nacionalnih parkova.
Uz uvaavanje injenice da se kljuna faza odluivanja o vrsti i
sadraju intervencija u prostoru odvija u sferi urbanistikog
planiranja, tematski okvir ove studije sveden je na tipologije i
elemente arhitekture koji karakteriu i po kojima su prepoznatljive
odreene oblasti u Crnoj Gori.
Primjenjivost studije je selektivne prirode - najdirektnije je
primjenjiva na nivou individualnih stambenih objekata.
Uoeni problemi/konflikti u aktuelnoj praksi:
Neuvaavanje/odstupanje od karaktera lokalne
arhitekture: ignorisanje/nepoznavanje lokalnih prirodnih
uslova i lokalnog graditeljskog nasljea, uz primjenu
arhitektonskog izraza bez jasne fizionomije, ili neskladno
kombinovanje razliitih tipologija i stilova.
Neuvaavanja/odstupanja u domenu elemenata lokalne
arhitekture, uz nametanje i uspostavljanje novih
funkcionalnih i estetskih standarda zasnovanih na
aktuelnim trinim mehanizmima.
Nesklad i greke u primjeni graevinskih materijala:
kombinovanje tradicionalnih i novih materijala, praeno
promaajima u oblikovnom i likovnom smislu, kao i
tehnikim problemima tokom eksploatacije.
Koketiranje sa tradicijom, poteklo iz komercijalnih pobuda i
neznanja, koje se iskazuje kroz povrnu imitaciju
tradicionalnih formi, elemenata i detalja.
4.2. Pristupi u savremenoj interpretaciji tradicionalne
arhitekture
Osnovna ideja (State of the Art): reinterpretacija umjesto imitacije
comfort and installation equipment, a justifiable reconstruction is
started. The problem appears in the procedure of interventions
which by the rule include inevitable changes of size, but during
that, local architecture is totally neglected in all its aspects. As a
result, there are buildings which do not communicate and are not
in balance with space, but with their aggressive relation with envi-
ronment they mostly show pretensions to impose as new (quasi)
models of architecture intended for tourism.
Higher respect for characteristics and values of diverse ambience
in Montenegro by actual and potential investors, especially for the
particularity of local construction identity.
The importance of the problem and the consequence is in direct
proportion with:
Physical size and structural characteristics of the con-
struction work,
The importance and value of the very location: historical
town cores under protection, the space of National parks.
With respecting the fact that the key phase of decision making on
the type and contents of interventions in the space is realized in
the sphere of urban planning, thematic frame of this study is
brought down on typologies and elements of architecture which
are characteristic and which make certain areas in Montenegro
recognizable.
Applicability of the study has selective nature-the most direct ap-
plication has at the level of individual housing facilities.
Noticed problems/conflicts in actual practice:
Disrespecting/aberration from the character of local archi-
tecture: ignoring/lack of knowledge regarding local natural
conditions and local construction heritage, with application
of architectural expression without clear physiognomy or
disharmonized combining of different typologies and
styles.
Disrespecting/aberrations in domain of elements of local
architecture, with intrusion and establishment of new func-
tional and esthetic standards based on actual market
mechanisms.
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Formalistiki tretman
tradicije esto proizvodi
prazne replike autentinih/
originalnih vrijednosti.
Uzrok tome je uvjerenje da
su spolajnji aspekti
arhitekture od presudnog
zna aj a za nj enu
identifikaciju i integrisanje
u odreeni kontekst. Jo
uvijek u praksi to uvjerenje
slui kao vrsta zajednikog
imenitelja oko kojeg razliiti
protagonisti u procesu
graenja najlake postiu
konsenzus.
Istraivanje principa,
umjesto reprodukovanja
f or mi , omogu ava
transponovanje tradicije
primijenjene kao inspiracija
moderne arhitekture.
Prepoznata su tri pristupa/
orijentacije u navedenom
smislu:
Ikoniki: Najire
prihvaeni pristup
gdje je akcenat na
i k o n i k i m
a s p e k t i m a
t r adi ci onal ne
a r h i t e k t u r e,
izraenim u citatima formi, arhitektonskim elementima i
graevinskim materijalima. Ovaj metod zahtijeva sutinsko
povezivanje i duboko razumijevanje i formi i odnosa sa
kontekstom da bi se izbjegao neuspjeh.
Tipoloki: Tipoloki obrasci tradicionalne arhitekture
koriste se na dva naina: tipoloki elementi su
inkorporirani u abstraktne forme ili obrnuto. Tradicionalna
tipologija je transformisana i postavljena nasuprot
modernim formama.
Disharmony and mistakes in application of construction
materials: combining traditional and new materials, fol-
lowed by failure in shaping and art sense, as well as with
technical problems during exploitation.
Flirting with tradition, created from commercial needs and
ignorance, expressed through superficial imitation of tradi-
tional forms, elements and details.
4.2. Approaches in contemporary interpretation of traditional
architecture
Basic idea (State of the Art): reinterpretation instead of imitation
Formalistic treatment of tradition often produces bare replicas of
authentic/original values. The cause of that is a conviction that the
outside aspects of architecture present crucial importance for its
identification and integration in certain context. Still in the practice
that conviction serves as a kind of common denominator around
which different protagonists in the process of construction achieve
consensus in the easiest way.
Research of the principles, instead of reproduction of the forms,
enables transposition of the tradition applied as the inspiration for
the modern architecture. Three approaches/orientations are no-
ticed in mentioned sense:
Iconic: The most accepted approach where the accent is
put on iconic aspects of traditional architecture, expressed
Prohouse, Podgorica
Nova Durmitorska kua (konkursna rjeenja)
New Durmitor house (arch. competition)
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Esencijalni: iroko orijentisan pristup gdje su ekoloki
kriterijumi i pitanja regionalizma u sreditu panje. Ovaj
pristup se zasniva na shvatanju da regionalni identitet
potie od odreenog ekolokog principa integracije
graenog i prirodnog okruenja.
Osnovna ideja i misija preporuka za graenje na nivou regija je
insistiranje na uvaavanju konteksta. Ostvarivanje uspjelih
graditeljskih odgovora na investitorske zahtjeve i oekivanja
ukljuuju profesionalno znanje i istraivanje, iz kojih treba da
proistekne struni stav i projektantska rjeenja u domenu jednog
od navedenih pristupa.
Arhitekturi crnogorskih gradova kao gradova uzbudljive
morfologije treba omoguiti da se kroz svoj budui razvoj razvijaju
kao urbane cjeline u kojoj prioritet ima obnova grada odnosno
racionalnije i kvalitetnije korienje postojee gradske strukture, a
uz potovanje i isticanje ambijentalnih vrijednosti.
Principi rjeavanja
Uklapanje novih vrijednosti u postojei ambijent, ali i
postepen razvoj fizikih struktura uz zadravanje
funkcionalnog i fizikog karaktera;
Ouvanje urbane matrice , principi revitalizacije oslonjeni
in cites of the forms, architectural elements and construc-
tion materials. This method demands core connecting and
deep understanding of both forms and relations with con-
text in order to avoid failure.
Typological: typological patterns of the traditional architec-
ture are used in two ways: typological elements are incor-
porated in abstract forms and vice versa. Traditional typol-
ogy transformed and established contrary to the modern
forms.
Essential: Widely oriented approach where the ecological
criteria and issues regarding regionalization are in the
center of attention. This approach is based on the idea
that the regional identity origins from a certain ecological
principle of integration of constructed and natural environ-
ment.
Basic idea and mission of recommendations for construction at
the level of regions is insisting on respect of the context. Realiza-
tion of successful construction answers on investors' requests and
expectations include professional knowledge and research, which
should result in an expert attitude, as well as design solutions in
domain of one of the mentioned approaches.
It should be enabled to the architecture of Montenegrin towns as
Hotel Podgorica
Hotel Podgorica
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towns with colorful morphology that their future development is
realized considering them as an urban whole, where the renewal
of the town has the priority, i.e. more rational and qualitative use
of the existing urban structure, with respect and emphasize of
ambience values.
The principles of solving
Inserting new values in existing ambience, but also grad-
ual development of physical structures, keeping the func-
tional and physical character;
Conservation of the urban matrix , principles of revitaliza-
tion based on analysis of cultural, material and ecologic
values
Present typological architecture where the new facility with
architectonic and typological distinctiveness characterizes
the ambience of the town;
New architecture-free expression of creation with respect
of the basic urban regulations;
The shape of the buildings must be considered in relation
to the surrounding natural and constructed environment.
Architectural design is mostly limited on regulations and creative
action is neglected, it is disoriented in theoretical research, while
the examination of the whole problem is almost abandoned. Ur-
banism used to be under the bondage of authorities, now the
money plays the main role. Not so long ago we were obliged to
respect the rules for constructing exactly as they were. This pro-
ject has maximum respect for the inherited values of the space,
and on the basis of the program of complex construction repair, by
introducing new forms of contemporary standards of habitation
and necessary equipment for other purposes (shops, services,
etc.) in the existing structure. It is a recommendation for the archi-
tects and constructors to respect and use inherited experiences
from the past which were taking care regarding height of the facili-
ties, decoration of the street facades, use and application of ex-
periences of other nations, and not copying but adaptation to this
space.

na analizu kulturno materijalnih i ekolokih vrijednosti
Prisutna tipoloka arhitektura, da novi objekat
arhitektonske odlike i tipoloke karakteristike obeljeava
ambijent grada;
Nova arhitektura slobodno iskazivanje kreacije uz
potujue elementarne propise urbane regulacije;
Oblik zgrada mora da bude posmatran u odnosu na okolni
prirodni i izgraeni ambijent.
Arhitektonsko projektovanje uglavnom se ograniilo na regulativu i
zapostavilo kreativnu akciju, izgubilo se u teoretskom istraivanju,
dok je razmatranje cjeline problema tako rei naputeno. Ako se
ranije urbanizam strogo potinjavao vlasti, sada mu zapovijeda
novac. Ne tako davno morali smo da tano sprovodimo pravila
izgradnje. Ovim projektom ostvaren je maksimalni respekt
naslijeene vrijednosti prostora, a na bazi programa kompleksne
graevinske sanacije, uvoenjem u zateenu strukturu novih formi
savremenih standarda stanovanja i neophodne opreme za druge
namjene (trgovine, servisi, usluge i dr.). Preporuka arhitektima i
graditeljima da potuju i koriste nasljeena iskustva prolosti koja
su vodila rauna o visinskim gabaritima objekata, o uljepavanju
ulinih fasada korienju i primjeni iskustava drugih naroda a ne
preslikavanje nego prilagoenih ovom prostoru.
4.3. Pozitivni primjeri odnosa prema kontekstu kao preporuke
za graenje na nivou regija
Ilustracije pristupa u interpetaciji tradicije kroz primjere
Realizacije sa prostora primorja (juna regija):
Obnovljena kua iz Patrovia - primjer ikonikog pristupa;
Kua u patrovskom selu u blizini Svetog Stefana
predstavlja primjer veoma dosljedno sprovedene
rekonstrukcije stare porodine kue. Ostvarena arhitektura
izraava tradicionalnu disciplinu i dosljednost graditeljskog
postupka: jasno i otro definisan osnovni volumen kue,
jednoobraznost volumena i nagiba krova, otvori sa istim
mjerama i proporcijama, itd., kao potvrda prisustva
odreenih ''standarda'' gradnje.
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PEC Kamena kua
Podgorica
PC Stara varo, Roaje
Obnova Patrovske kue
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Sveti Stefan
Hotel Bjanka
Sveti Stefan Bijelo Polje
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Turistiko naselje Slovenska plaa', Budva - primjer
tipolokog pristupa;
Turistiko naselje Slovenska plaa, kao izraz novijeg
trenda u turizmu 80-tih godina, oigledan je izraz sasvim
drugaijeg koncepta u rjeavanju smjetaja turista, u
odnosu na hotelske objekte/komplekse iz sedamdesetih
godina (autor projekta: Janez Kobe, izgradnja: 1984. I
faza, 1989. II faza, investitor: Budvanska rivijera, Budva).
U ovom sluaju transponovan je model mediteranskog
naselja, oformljenog oko komunikacione kime - pjeake
ulice, gdje su ulica, atrijumi i tremovi mediteranski
elementi u generalnom smislu.
Primjena prostornih kompozicija kubinih volumena, sa
prepoznatljivim odnosom zidnih i krovnih ravni,
karakteristinih za primorje i kras, veoma je uoljiva u
arhitekturi Slovenske plae, gdje proiene forme i
jednovodni krovovi predstavljaju tipine elemente lokalne
(patrovske) arhitekture.
Rekonstruisani hotel Maestral, Prno, Miloer - primjer
esencijalnog pristupa.
U situaciji sveoptih aspiracija na prostor Primorja, izraenih u
neodmjerenim i sa ambijentom neusaglaenim graevinskim
zahvatima, vrijedan i prilino usamljen primjer znalaki i
odmjereno profilisanog investitorskog programa i graditeljskog
postupka predstavlja rekonstrukcija i nadgradnja hotela Maestral
u Prnu kod Svetog Stefana (autor projekta izvornog rjeenja:
Edvard Ravnikar, izgradnja: 1970.-1971.; autori projekta
rekonstrukcije: Miha Kerin, Majda Kregar, izgradnja: 2002.-2004.,
investitor: HIT, Nova Gorica, Slovenija).
Rekonstrukcija odraava skup principa odrivog razvoja i
profesionalne etike koji su demonstrirani u irokom spektru
materijalizovanih stavova i rjeenja. Kljuno obiljeje je mali obim
fizikih proirenja u vidu nadgradnji po jedne etae na djelovima
kompleksa, uz izuzetno uvaavanje izvornog arhitektonskog
rjeenja i njegovog autora.
Rafinirano rjeenje vizuelne prihvatljivosti poveanih masa
objekata hotela Maestral, usljed nadgradnje po jednog sprata na
lamelama, ostvareno je povlaenjem fasada nadgraenih etaa
za dubinu terasa u odnosu na osnovne fasadne ravni.
4.3. Positive examples of relation with context as recommen-
dations for constructing at the level of regions
Illustrations of the approach in interpretation of tradition through
examples
Realizations in the space of Coast (Southern region):
Renewed house in Pastrovici the example of iconic ap-
proach;
House in Pastrovsko village near Sveti Stefan presents an
example of a very consistently executed reconstruction of
old family house. Realized archetecture expresses
traditional discipline and consistence of construction
procedure : clearly and sharply defined basic volume of
the house , uniformity of the volume and and slope of the
roof, openings with same measures and proportions, etc.
as a confirmation of the presence of certain construction
standards.
Tourist settlement Slovenska plaa, Budva the exam-
ple of typological approach;
Tourist settlement Slovenska plaa, as an expression of newer
trend in tourism of 80s, is obvious expression of totally different
concept in solving the issues of tourists' accommodation, compar-
ing to the hotel facilities/complexes in 70s (author of the project:
Janez Kobe, construction: 1984. I phase, 1989. II phase, investor:
Budvanska rivijera, Budva). In this case a model of Mediterranean
settlement is applied, formed around communication spine-
pedestrian streets, where the street, atriums and porches are
Mediterranean elements in general sense.
Application of spatial composition of cubic volumes, with recogniz-
able proportion of wall and roof planes, characteristic for Coast
and Carst, is very evident in architecture of Slovenska plaza,
where clear forms and single slope roofs present typical elements
of local (pastrovska) architecture.
Reconstruction of hotel Maestral, Prno, Miloer the
example of essential approach
In situation of comprehensive aspirations towards Coastal space,
expressed in constructions which are inadequate and unbalanced
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Svojevremeno kritikovana dominantna boja zidova koju daje
fasadna opeka, u novom itanju arhitekture Maestrala
povezuje se sa bojom prepoznatljivih krovova sa pokrivaem od
eramide. Povrine u natur betonu, korespondiraju sa povrinama
kamenih zidova i doprinose hromatskoj uravnoteenosti fasada.
Znaajan doprinos prijateljskom odnosu prema prirodnom
ambijentu daju krovne bate, kao djelovi pete fasade, koje
smanjuju i usitnjavaju povrine ravnih krovova. Posebnu i izuzetno
znaajnu komponentu u slici cjelokupnog ambijenta predstavljaju
kultivisane zelene povrine sa mediteranskim biljem koje okruuju
objekte.
Realizacije sa prostora sredinje regije (karstna oblast i Zetsko-
Bjelopavlika ravnica)
Hotel ''Podgorica''
Poslovni objekat ''Prohouse''
Poslovno-edukativni centar ''Kamena kua''
Realizacije i projekti sa prostora visokih planina (sjeverna regija):
Poslovni centar ''Stara varo'' Roaje - primjer tipolokog
pristupa;
Projekti sa konkursa za Novu Durmitorsku kuu - primjeri
tipolokog/esencijalnog pristupa.
4.4. Preporuke za graenje - elementi za urbanistiko-
tehnike uslove
Primjenjivost elemenata za urbanistiko-tehnike uslove koji slijede u
prvom redu se odnose na zone ija je urbanizacija u toku, to znai
na lokacije na kojima nije bilo prethodne izgradnje, i stara seoska
naselja, koja kao lokacije za turistiko trite, kao i tzv. ''drugi dom'',
poprimaju atribute ekskluzivnosti. injenicom da opisane vrste
intervencija predstavljaju najzastupljeniji tip investitorskih zahtjeva
determinisan je okvir i sadraj elemenata za urbanistiko-tehnike
uslove koji slijede. Drugi veoma znaajan domen potencijalnih
intervencija su istorijska jezgra primorskih gradova sa kategorisanim
tretmanom zatite. U toj sferi uslove i nain izvoenja intervencija
definiu institucije za zatitu spomenika kulture, bilo da se radi o
pojedinanim objektima ili ambijentalnim cjelinama.
with the ambience, significant and quite lonely example of profes-
sionally and thoughtfully profiled investment program and con-
struction procedure presents a construction and overbuilding of
hotel Maestral in Przno, near Sveti Stefan (author of the project
of original solution: Edvard Ravnikar, construction: 1970.-1971.;
authors of the reconstruction project: Miha Kerin, Majda Kregar,
construction: 2002.-2004., investor: HIT, Nova Gorica, Slovenija).
Reconstruction reflects group of principles of sustainable develop-
ment and professional ethics which are demonstrated in wide
specter of materialized attitudes and solutions. Key characteristic
is small scope of physical expansions like overbuilding one storey
on parts of the complex, with exceptional respect of original archi-
tectural solution and its author.
Refined solution of visual acceptability of increased size of hotel
Maestral facilities because of overbuilding with one storey on
semi-detached houses, is realized with receding of the facades
of overbuilt storeys for the depth of terraces compared to basic
facades' planes.
Dominant color of walls resulting from use of front bricks, which
used to be criticized, in the new reading of architecture of
Maestral is in relation to the color of recognizable roofs with
hogs-back tile. Surfaces in nature concrete, correspond with sur-
faces of atone walls and contribute to chromatic balance of fa-
cades. Roof gardens give significant contribution to friendly rela-
tions towards natural ambience, as parts of fifth faade which
make the surfaces of flat roofs smaller and fragmentized. Special
and extremely important component in the picture of whole ambi-
ence present cultivated green areas with Mediterranean plants
surrounding facilities.
Realizations in the space of Central region (Karst area and Zeta-
Bjelopavlici plain)
Hotel ''Podgorica'';
Business facility in ''Prohouse'';
Business-educational centar Kamena kuca.
Realizations and projects in the space of high mountains
(Northern region) :
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U okviru elemenata za urbanistiko-tehnike uslove, koji u ovoj studiji
imaju karakter principa, razmatrani su sljedei sluajevi:
Obnova tradicionalne kue;
Rekonstrukcija starog kuita izgradnjom nove kue;
Izgradnja nove kue;
Obraeni su oni urbanistiki i arhitektonski elementi koji su kao
teme karakteristini u navedenim sluajevima i ne zavise od
regionalnih posebnosti, zbog ega se mogu tretirati kao tipini u
postupcima izgradnje i rekonstrukcije. Izvor informacija o
regionalnim posebnostima vezanim za aspekte tipologije,
elemenata arhitekture, materijala i arhitektonskih detalja
predstavljaju poglavlja o tipologiji tradicionalnih naselja i kue.
Obnova tradicionalne kue
Vrste intervencija koje ulaze u pojamobnove stare kue
Obnova tradicionalnih kua je glavna aktivnost sluaju obnove
tradicionalnog ambijenta, a obnovljena kua glavni arhitektonski
motiv sela. Termin obnova se odnosi na:
obnovu i ouvanje parterne zone kue (dvorite, zidovi,
ograde, podzide);
konstruktivnu sanaciju kue (temelji, zidovi, meuspratne
konstrukcije);
sanitarno-tehniko opremanje kue (izgradnja sanitarnih
prostorija, uvoenje savremenih instalacija);
dogradnju aneksa (soba, kuhinja, pomone prostorije,
sanitarne prostorije), kao i
nadgradnju kue (podizanje spratne visine u potkrovlju, ili
izgradnja sprata).
Zadravanje i unapreivanje arhitekture partera u dvoritu
Ouvanje i obnova postojee arhitekture partera (denivelacija terena,
suvomeda, stepenica, poploanih i kaldrmisanih delova dvorita,
ograda, kapija i sl.) je obavezna tokom obnove kue. Parter je
znaajan motiv tradicionalne arhitekture. Tokom obnove je mogue
Business center Stara varos Rozaje-example of typologi-
cal approach;
Projects from the public contest for New House of Durmi-
tor- examples of typological/essential approach.a
4.4. Recommendations for construction elements for urban-
technical conditions
Applicability of the elements for following urban-technical conditions
in first line regard zones where urbanization is on-going , what
means on locations where there was no previous construction, and
old rural settlements, which as locations for tourist market, as well as
so called second home, are becoming exclusive sites. With the fact
that described types of interventions present the most present type of
investment demands the frame and the contents of the elements for
following urban-technical conditions are defined. Second very impor-
tant domains of potential interventions are historical cores of coastal
towns with categorized treatment of protection. In that sphere, the
conditions and ways of realization of interventions are defined by
institutions for the protection of monuments of culture, as separate
facilities as well as ambience wholes.
In the scope of elements for urban-technical conditions, which in this
situation have the character of principle, following cases have been
considered:
Renewal of the traditional house;
Reconstruction of the old house site with construction of a
new house;
Construction of a new house;
Those urban and architectural elements which are characteristic
as topics in mentioned cases and do not depend on regional par-
ticularities are treated, since they could be treated as typical in the
procedures of construction and reconstruction. The chapters
about typology of traditional settlements and houses present a
source of information on regional particularities related to the as-
pects of typology, elements of architecture, material and architec-
tonic details.

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Bijelo Polje
Andrijevica
Kafe bar, Kolain
Dom kulture, Kolain
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Budva
Stambena zgrada, Kolain
Stambeni niz, Kolain Konoba, Kolain
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Gospotina, Budva Stari grad, Budva
Beii
Budva
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Rijeka Crnojevia
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da se izvri i dopuna delova i zona partera, njegovo prilagodavanje
savremenim potrebama
uvanje gabarita kue
Zadravanje postojeeg gabarita objekata je obavezno prilikom
obnove kua, ukoliko se ne predvia nadgradnja ili dogradnja.
Pod zadravanjem postojeeg gabarita se podrazumijeva da se
tokom obnove zadrava postojei oblik kue, postojee dimenzije
kue (posebno se naglaava zadravanje fasadnih visina, irina i
drugih dimenzija, odnos punih zidnih povrina i otvora i sl.) oblik i
nagib krova.
Nadgradnja novog sprata
Nadgradnja novog sprata se preporuuje u okviru postojeeg
horizontalnog gabarita kue. Dograeni sprat moe da ima formu
potkrovlja (plafon formira kosa krovna konstrukcija), ili moe da ima
ravan plafon iznad koga je tavanski prostor koji moe da se koristi kao
pomoni prostor. Novi sprat ne smije da ugroava susjede i treba da
bude izveden u skladu sa tradicionalnim principima.
Tretman tradicionalne forme krova
Krov je jedan od elemenata koji prilikom obnove po pravilu mora
da se rekonstruie. Prilikom obnove krova treba teiti da se
sauva izvorna forma i nagib krovnih ravni. Izuzetno vaan
element je krovni pokriva iji izbor proistie iz lokalne tradicije.
Dogradnja aneksa
Pod aneksom se podrazumeva novi dodatni deo ija je visina za
jednu etau nia od visine kue, a u osnovi zauzima najvie
polovinu povrine osnove kue. Aneks moe da bude trem iznad
koga je terasa, terasa ispod koje su prostorije, prostorija sa kosim
krovom koja moe da bude ostava, stambeni prostor, apartmanski
prostor, garaa, sanitarne prostorije i sl.
Rekonstrukcija starog kuita izgradnjomnove kue
Postoji znaajan broj situacija u kojima su stare kue inile grupe,
nizove i grozdove, a da je unutar tih skupina po neka od zgrada, ili
vei deo njih evidentno propao do mjere da su ostali samo temelji,
ili neupotrebljivi zidovi. U takvim sluajevima je mogua izgradnja
potpuno nove kue ali uz potovanje gabarita stare kue.
Renewal of traditional house
Types of interventions within the termrenewal of the old
house
The renewal of traditional houses is main activity in the case of
renewal of traditional ambience, and renewed house is main ar-
chitectural element of the village. The term renewal regards:
Renewal and conservation of ground floor zone of the
house (yard, walls, fences, underpinning);
Constructive repair of the house (foundation, walls, storey con-
structions);
Sanitary technical equipping of the house (construction
of sanitary premises, equipping with modern installations);
Overbuilding with the annexes (rooms, kitchens, utility
premises, sanitary premises) as well as
Overbuilding the house (elevating the attic to become a
storey, or storey construction).
Keeping and improving the architecture of ground floors in
the yard
Conservation and renewal of the existing architecture of the ground
floor (terrain leveling, constructions without mortar, stairs, paved and
blocked pavement parts of the yard, fences, etc.) is obligatory during
the renewal of the house. The ground floor is a significant motive of
traditional architecture. During the renewal it is possible to execute
additional constructions in the parts and zones of ground floor, in
order to adapt it with contemporary needs.
Conserving the size of house
Conservation of the existing size of house is obligatory during the
renewal of the house, unless the overbuilding is not anticipated.
Conservation of the existing size means that the existing shape of
the house is kept during the renewal, as well as the existing di-
mensions (keeping of the facade height, width and other dimen-
sions, relation between massive wall surfaces and openings, etc.,
is specially emphasized), and the shape and slope of the roof.
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Preparcelacija postojeih parcela
Preparcelacija postojeih parcela je mogua u zoni u kojoj se
grade nove kue u gabaritu starih kako bi se kroz preparcelaciju
dobili povoljniji odnosi slobodnih povrina, povoljniji peaki i
kolski pristupi i sl. Preparcelacija moe da se radi za onu grupu
kua iji vlasnici se izjasne da su voljni da pristupe preparcelaciji.
Potovanje gabarita stare kue
U svim sluajevima rekonstrukcije starih kuita potrebno je prilikom
nove izgradnje da se potuje stari gabarit. Razlog tome je to u
izgraenom seoskom tkivu arhitektonsko grae-vinsku cjelinu ne ini
samo jedna kua, ili pojedinani objekat ve ukupna grupacija sa
svim svojim objektima, parterom, i sl.
Otvaranje prozora i vrata nove kue ka susjedu
Prozori i vrata nove kue ka susjedu mogu da se otvaraju na isti
nain kako je to bilo i u staroj kui, ukoliko ne remete privatnost
susjeda. Mogue je izvriti promjene poloaja vrata i prozora, ali
treba teiti da se istovremeno ugroavanje privatnosti susjeda
svede na minimum.
Potovanje graevinske stabilnosti susjednih kua
Graevinska stabilnost susjednih kua, njihova upotrebljivost,
ispravnost instalacija i sl. kao i javnih povrina i drugih objekata u
susjedstvu, ne smije da bude naruena izgradnjom nove kue
kojom e se rekonstruisati staro kuite. Da bi se to obezbijedilo
neophodno je pri izgradnji nove kue predvidjeti odgovarajue
zatitne radove.
Arhitektura nove kue izgraene rekonstrukcijom starog
kuita
Pod ovim se podrazumijeva niz pristupa i postupaka, od doslovne
imitacije tradicionalne kue do razliitih interpretacija narodne
arhitekture. Prilikom projektovanja treba se pridravati odreenih
stilskih odlika koje se mogu kombinovati sa savremenim
rjeenjima.
Izgradnja nove kue u tradicionalnomduhu
Pod ovim se ne podra-zumijeva imitacija tradicionalne kue, ve se
preporuuje reinterpretacija odreenih tipolokih odlika u sprezi sa
Overbuilding with newstorey
Overbuilding with new storey is recommended in the frame of existing
horizontal size of the house. That storey can have a form of attic (the
ceiling forms oblique roof construction) or it can have flat ceiling above
which there is attic space which could be used as utility space. New
floor must not jeopardize neighbors and it should be constructed in
line with traditional principles.
Treatment of the traditional formof the roof
The roof is one of the elements which by the rule must be recon-
structed during the renewal. During the renewal of the roof it
should be aimed at conservation of the origin form and the roof
slopes. A very important element is roofing which selection comes
from local traditions.
Overbuilding the annex
Annex implies new additional part which height is one storey lower
of the house, and with the base utmost large as half of the base of
house. Annex could be a porch under the terrace, terrace under
which there are rooms, room with oblique roof which could be
used as pantry, residential space, apartment space, garage, sani-
tary premises etc.
Reconstruction of the old house site by construction of a
newhouse
There is a significant number of locations where the old houses
made groups, lines and clusters, and inside those groups some of
the facilities, or larger part of them is obviously ruined and where
only foundations or useless walls exist. In such cases construction
of a totally new house is possible but with respecting the size of
the old house.
Re-parcelization of the existing parcels of land
Re-parcelization of the existing parcels of land is possible in the
zone where new houses are constructed within the size of the old
houses, in order to achieve more favorable relation between free
spaces, more favorable pedestrian and cart-track access, etc. Re-
parcelization could be executed for the group of houses which
owners state that they are ready to start re-parcelization.
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Respecting the size of the old house
In all cases of reconstruction of the old house sites it is necessary to
respect the old size during new construction. The reason for that is
the fact that in developed rural area architectural construction whole
is not comprised only of one house or separate facility, but of total
grouping with all its facilities, ground floor, etc.
Construction of windows and doors facing neighbor
Windows and doors of a new house facing neighbor could be
constructed in the same way like it used to be on the old house,
unless that disturbs the privacy of the neighbor. It is possible to
change the positions of the windows and doors, but that should be
aimed to decrease the disturbance to minimum.
Respecting the construction stability of neighboring houses
Construction stability of neighboring houses, their utilization, func-
tioning of installation, etc., as well as public surfaces and other facili-
ties in neighborhood, must not be disturbed with construction of a
new house, i.e. with reconstruction of an old house site. In order to
secure that, it is necessary to anticipate appropriate protective
works during the reconstruction.
Architecture of a newhouse built with reconstruction of an
old house site
This implies several approaches and procedures, from the very
imitation of traditional house to the different interpretations of folk
architecture. During the elaboration of design, certain styles
should be respected which could be combined with contemporary
solutions.
Construction of a newhouse in traditional spirit
This does not imply imitation of traditional house, but what is recom-
mended is reinterpretation of certain typological characteristics in line
with contemporary functional, construction, energy and landscape
solutions.
Rules for placing a house on a parcel of land
New house could be placed in different ways, but with its position
it should not jeopardize neighboring houses, or public surfaces,
public facilities, infrastructure, etc. In order to secure this, it is
savremenim funkcionalnim, graevinskim, instalacionim,
energetskim i pejnim rjeenjima.
Pravila za polaganje kue na parcelu
Nova kua moe da bude postavljena na razliite naine, ali
svojom postavkom ne smije da ugrozi susjedne kue, ili javne
povrine, javne objekte, infrastrukturu i sl. Da bi se ovo
obezbijedilo potrebno je da se pri projektovanju i izgradnji nove
kue potuju pravila koja se sreu u tradicionalnoj arhitekturi, koja
su se kristalisala kroz vreme i kojima su dodata i neka nova.
Arhitektura nove kue u tradicionalnomduhu
Spratna visina treba da je usklaena sa spratnim visinama
objekata u okruenju. Broj etaa, posmatrajui sa najnie strane
kue je 3, a broj meduspratnih konstrukcija je 2. Zadnja etaa
moe da bude raena kao i etaa ispod nje, znai sa ravnim
plafonom pri emu je iznad tog prostora tavanski prostor, ili moe
da bude raena kao potkrovlje sa kosim plafonom. Otvori za
prozore i vrata na drugoj i treoj etai treba da su po povrini u
skladu sa otvorima susjednih objekata.
Komponovanje veeg broja osnovnih volumena i aneksa
Komponovanje veeg broja osnovnih volumena (kubusa) i aneksa je
podrano. Ovakvim kompono-vanjem je mogue dobiti nizove, grupe
ili grozdove kua. Ukupna povrina moe da bude vrlo velika i da
zadovolji razliite programe, a da se pritom ne ugroze tradicionalne
stilske odlike.
Neprihvatljivi arhitektonski postupci, rjeenja i elementi
Arhitektura koja generalno otstupa od izvornog karaktera
Arhitektura koja generalno otstupa od izvornog karaktera je
neprihvatljiva: upotreba arhitektonskih kompozicija, oblika,
dimenzija, elemenata, boja i materijala koji otstupaju od stilskih
odlika lokalne arhitekture bilo da pripadaju drugim stilovima, bilo
da su plod neukosti, neznanja, neprofesionalizma i sl.
Usjecanje terena za postavjanje itave osnove kue
Usecanje terena za postavljanje itave osnove kue na ravnu
povrinu se ne preporuuje. Pod tim se podrazumijeva usjecanje
terena za samu osnovu kue, ili i za prolaz iza kue. Umjesto toga
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osnova kue treba da se kroz denivelaciju prilagodi padu terena.
Pejzana arhitektura
Izostavljanje pejzane arhitekture nije prihvatljivo. Pod ovim se
podrazumijeva otsustvo prilagoavanja povrine dvorita prirodnoj
morfologiji terena, kao i otsustvo podzida, ograda, stepenica,
rampi i drugih elementa koji treba da budu graeni od kamena i
ostalih prirodnih materijala. Koristiti autohtone vrste biljaka.
Korienje predimenzionisanog gabarita
Korienje predimenzionisanog gabarita kue je iskljueno. Pod
ovim se podrazumijeva gabarit koji se formira korienjem
spratnih visina koje nisu u skladu sa okolinom, kao i sa veim
brojem etaa od tri, odnosno sa veim brojem meuspratnih
konstrukcija od dvije, gledajui sa najnie strane kue. Trai se
visina od najvie tri etae za najnie skladu sa otvorima okolnih
kua.
necessary that during the design and construction of a new house
rules found in traditional architecture are respected, as well as the
rules which were crystallized during the time and to which a new
rules were added.
Architecture of a newhouse in traditional spirit
The height of the storey should be harmonized with the height of
the storey of neighboring facilities. There are 3 floors, watching
from the lowest side of the house and 2 floor constructions. The
highest storey could be constructed like the storey under it, with
flat ceiling where the space above is attic, or it could be con-
structed as an attic with oblique ceiling. Openings for windows
and doors on the second and third floor should be harmonized
with surface of the openings on neighboring facilities.
Composing the larger number of main volumes and annexes
Composing of the larger number of main volumes (kubus) and an-
nexes is supported. With such composing, it is possible to obtain
lines, groups or clusters of the houses. Total surface could be very
large and it could satisfy different programs, without disturbing tradi-
tional style characteristics.
Unacceptable architectonic actions, solutions and elements
Architecture which generally deviates fromoriginal character
The architecture which generally deviates from original character
is unacceptable: the use of architectural compositions, shapes,
dimensions, elements, colors and materials which are not in line
with style characteristics of the local architecture, i.e. belong to
other styles, they are fruits of incompetence, ignorance, unprofes-
sional work, etc.
Cutting the terrain for placing the whole base of the house
Cutting the terrain for placing the whole base of the house is not
recommended. This implies cutting of the terrain for the very base
of the house or for the corridor behind the house too. Instead, the
base of the house should be adapted to the terrain inclination
through leveling.
Landscape architecture
Neglecting of the landscape architecture is unacceptable. This
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implies the lack of adapting of the yard surface to the natural
terrain morphology, as well as the lack of underpinning, fences,
stairs, ramps and other elements which should be constructed of
stone and other natural materials. Autochthon types of the plants
should be used.
The use of over-dimensioned size
The use of over-dimensioned size is out of question. This implies
size formed by the use of storey heights which are not harmo-
nized with surrounding, as well as with higher number of storey
than three, i.e. higher number of floor constructions than two,
watched from the lowest side of the house. The height should be
utmost three floors and in line with the openings on neighboring
houses.
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arhi tektonski atl as crne gore preporuke za graenj e archi tectural atl as of montenegro recommendati ons for constructi on
Literatura

Bobi M., Hibrid tradicije, ''Tradicionalna arhitektura Crne Gore - Iskustva,
pouke, vidici'', Monografija, Graevinski fakultet Univerziteta Crne Gore,
Podgorica, 2005.
Boovi G., Naselja i kue Tivatskog zaliva, Centar za planiranje urbanog
razvoja, Beograd, 1980.
Gakovi S., Patrovska kua, Istraivanje za potrebe prostornog plana
optine Budva, Beograd projekt - Centar za planiranje urbanog razvoja,
Beograd, 1979.
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knjiga, Beograd, 1973.
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Milenkovi B., Uvod u arhitektonsku analizu II, Compendium, Graevin-
ska knjiga, Beograd, 1991.
Petrovi Z., Selo i seoska kua u Boki Kotorskoj, Univerzitet u Beogradu,
Zbornik Arhitektonskog fakulteta, III knjiga, Beograd, 1957.
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inja, Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SAN, knjiga II-III, Beograd, 1957.
Vuksanovi D., Tradicionalna arhitektura Crne Gore i bioklimatizam,
Zadubina Andrejevi, Beograd, 1998.
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Architectural Forms in Montenegro, PLEA '91 The Ninth International
PLEA Conference "Architecture and Urban Space", Proceedings, Kluwer
Academic Publishers, pp. 245-250, Seville, Spain, 1991.
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Buildings, Teaching in Architecture Conference TIA 2000 Sustainable
Buildings for the 21st Century, Proceedings, 7.15, Oxford, UK, 2000.
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gro: Ecological aspects, Montenegrin Eco-logic Lab, 9th International
Exhibition of Architecture: La Biennale di Venezia, 2004.
Popovi S. G., Geneza nastanka i uticajni faktori razvoja Danilov-
grada,Bgd.2003.god.
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Izvori ilustracija

Boovi G., Naselja i kue Tivatskog zaliva
Gakovi S., Patrovska kua
Koji B., Seoska arhitektura u Kotorskom zalivu
Koji B., Seoska arhitektura i rurizam - teorija i elementi
Kruni J., Roaje - stara kua i varo
Kruni J., Tip stare kue i strutura naselja u oblasti Plavskog jezera
Petrovi Z., Selo i seoska kua u Boki Kotorskoj
Simonovi ., Petrovi Z., Seoska naselja, dvorita i kue u okolini Cet-
inja
Vuksanovi D., Tradicionalna arhitektura Crne Gore i bioklimatizam
Licni arhiv S.G.Popovica, D.Kujovic Muzej grada Kolasina, Crtezi
Z.Petrovica,studenata I.god.Arhitektonskog fakulteta u Podgorici

Fotografije

Duan Vuksanovi, Svetislav G. Popovi, Stevan Kordi, Neboja Adi,
Sanja i Dejan Mitrovi, studenti Arhitektonskog fakulteta u Podgorici,
www.montenegrobeauty.cg.yu
arhitektonski atlas crne gore
architectural atlas of montenegro
Radni tim
Autori:
Prof. dr Duan Vuksanovi, dipl. ing. arh.
Doc. mr Svetislav G. Popovi, dipl. ing. arh.
Urednik:
Sanja Ljekovi Mitrovi, dipl. ing. pejz. arh.
projekt ininjer za prostorno i urbanistiko planiranje
GTZ Podgorica
Lektori:
Tijana Durkovi
Slavica Stojkovi
Naslovna strana, dizajn i kompjuterska obrada:
Dejan Mitrovi
arhitektonski atlas crne gore | architectural atlas of montenegro
Njemaka tehnika saradnja | German Technical Cooperation
Okt obar | 2006 | Oct ober
Republika Crna Gora
Ministarstvo za ekonomski razvoj