Design of Steel Structures Design of Steel Structures Analysis & Design of a Portal Frame using STAAD Tamer Sabrah Ph.D Candidate of Civil Engineering 1 1 Session 2 Session 2 - - 2007 2007 PORTAL FRAME - PLANE STRUCTURE 4.5 m H W 6.0 m 2 3 1 4 Uniform Service Level Load, w Dead Load = 1.50 kN/m Live Load = 2.50 kN/m Concentrated Service Level Wind Load, H 10.0 kN acting towards the right at Joint 2 fixed hinged 2 2 Main Steps of Modeling Entering job information. Building model geometry. Defining member properties, sections. Assigning loads (load cases, combinations..) Defining pre-analysis print out, analysis type, and post-analysis printout. Defining design requirements. 3 3 Select from here the units, that we will deal with. Assume that we have m, kN. For a new file, select the type of structure you want to solve. Here select truss type. 4 4 5 5 The STAAD Graphical Environment will be invoked and the following screen will appear: 6 6 2 1. ENTERING JOB INFORMATION. You MUST put a job name here 7 7 How to Define the Frame Geometry? 1. Create nodes at certain coordinates and then connect in between these nodes. 2. Use Construction lines 3. Draw it AutoCAD and Import as .dxf file. 4. Using the Staad editor 5. Combination of all the above. 2. BUILDING MODEL (STRUCTURE) GEOMETRY To the more complicated 8 8 REMEMBER TO SAVE YOUR WORK FREQUENTLY 9 9 After clicking Snap Node/Beam, use the mouse and connect between nodes created at the intersections of construction lines. 10 10 Property: In which we can define or choose sections properties of the members of the truss. Spec.: In which we can define or choose members specifications. Support: In which we can define the supports properties (restraints). Load: In which we can define the applied loads, load cases, load combinations. Material In which we can define the material properties. (ex. E, density, etc.) 3. DEFINING MEMBER PROPERTIES, SECTIONS. 11 11 Property: Assume Preliminary Sections: Using the Canadian steel tables. The frame girder is section W 310 X 39 The columns are W 410 X 39 12 12 3 Assigning the sections created to the model 13 13 Supports By clicking on the support icon the shown window will appear. We have to create new kinds of supports. We have two kinds of supports 1. Fixed Support. 2. Hinged Support. 14 14 Assigning Supports at nodes Use the mouse and click on the nodes according to its support type as shown below 15 15 How to see the frame full sections? 16 16 17 17 You may change the member orientation by Right Click on the member, Select Properties Change in the Geometry Angle Beta 4. DEFINING LOADS 18 18 4 For example: Dead Load Case can be Load Case No. 1 19 19 Live Load Case can be Load Case No. 2, and Wind Load is the load case No. 3 20 20 We will create all load combinations needed at this stage, for example: 1.25 D.L. + 1.5 L.L + 1.0 W.L. 21 21 In Dead Loads create the self weight definition Self weight is defined in the negative - Y direction 22 22 For the D.L. and L.L. cases: Create the Uniform Loads on the frame as specified before. Make sure of the directions of forces according to the global coordinates. 23 23 Dead Load Uniform load = - 1.5 kN/m 24 24 5 Live Load Uniform load = - 2.5 kN/m 25 25 Wind Load Nodal (concentrated) load = 10 kN/m 26 26 Pre-Print Analysis Post-Print In which we are choosing from different types of structural analysis. The analysis type we are required to do is a linear static type. In which we are telling the program what are the properties that we require to be recorded and printed in the output files before performing the analysis. In which we are telling the program what are the properties that we require to be recorded and printed in the output files after performing the analysis. 5. DEFINING PRE-ANALYSIS, ANALYSIS TYPE, AND POST-PRINT. 27 27 To specify the Analysis command, first go to Analysis/Print Page from the left side of the screen. Then, click on the Analysis sub-page from the second row of pages as shown below. Choose Statics Check and Click Add then Close. Analysis 28 28 After creating the command of (Perform analysis - Static check), we have to assign the members for this type of analysis. Click Assign, and then use the cursor and choose all the members, thus all the members should be highlighted as shown below. 29 29 Pre Pre- -Print Commands Print Commands Material Properties Support Information Member Properties Joint Coordinates . . Or we can choose All ! ADD which property do you need and then use cursor to Assign to which members in the truss. 30 30 6 Pre-Print To add the pre-print commands click Define Commands 31 31 After assigning the command to the members; the members should be highlighted as shown and the correct green mark must be beside the command 32 32 Support Reactions Analysis Results Member Forces Max Force . .etc. ADD which property do you need and then use cursor to Assign to which members in the truss. Post Post- -Print Commands Print Commands 33 33 Post Post- -Print Print To add the post-print commands click Define Commands The case that you will choose here is the case will be used for design. 34 34 6. DEFINING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. To specify steel design parameters, go to Design | Steel Page from the left side of the screen. Make sure that under the Current Code selections on the top right hand side, Canadian is selected. 35 35 We will use only to Check Code, regarding adequacy of members. 36 36 7 37 37 STAAD performs Analysis and Design simultaneously. In order to perform Analysis and Design, select the Run Analysis option from the Analyze menu. STAAD Analysis engine is suitable for this tutorial. Click on the Run Analysis button. 38 38 The solving process is shown in a pop-up screen! 39 39 Visualization of Results Note: Generally, in any program, try to make some checks about the shapes of deflections, BMD, SFD. Also check the level of reactions. Just to make sure that there is no significant input error. As shown in Tutorial 1 : You can use the icons shown above to see the straining actions (BMD, SFD, NFD, Deflections) 40 40 OR > Viewing the Output File During the analysis process, STAAD creates an Output file. This file provides important information on whether the analysis was performed properly. For example, if STAAD.Pro encounters an instability problem during the analysis process, it will be reported in the output file. Alternatively, we can select the File | View | Output File | STAAD Output option from the top menu. 41 41 Please Refer to Session 1 When you make right click on any member and then click Properties you will find the properties window as shown 42 42 8 Shear / Bending moment diagrams and values for each load case and at different sections of the Beam. 43 43 Deflection diagrams and values for each load case and at different sections of the Beam. 44 44 Steel Design Results 45 45 Link Members: 4.5 m H W 6.0 m 2 3 1 4 fixed Strut If we had some members are link members, which only take the axial forces --- Make Moment release to the members ends, this is done from the Member Specification Definition 46 46 47 47 From the Specification Menu Select Beam 48 48 Add moment release command for the Start and the End of the member Member Specification 9 49 49 Assign the Release commands to the Link Member Repeat Analysis Questions ? Questions ? Thanks Thanks This tutorial can be downloaded from the following link : www.engr.mun.ca/~sabrah Browse to my teaching page for tutorials and assignments 50 50 50 50 Tamer Sabrah - 2007