TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT 1
1)Identify at least 10 impacts of transportation on the community.
.
Transportation engineering is the application of scientific principles to the
planning, esign, operation, an !anage!ent of transportation s"ste!. #$an%s, &.',
())(*. Transportation !o+es people an goos fro! one place to another ,sing a +ariet"
of +ehicles across ifferent infrastr,ct,re s"ste!s. -ig,re 1 .elo/ sho/e a
iagra!!atic representation of classification sche!es ,se for transportation
engineering. As can .e seen fro! the fig,re, transportation engineering can .e +ie/e as
the engineering of transportation s"ste!. Transportation engineering also as a fiel
re0,ires +ario,s f,nction li%e planning, pa+e!ent engineering an others.
-ig,re 11 2lassification sche!es ,se for transportation engineering
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TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT 1
The i!pact of the transportation on the co!!,nit" can .e either goo or a+erse
o,tco!e.
ADVERSE OU!O"E
#1) Air $ollution
The increasing n,!.er of +ehicles can .e as the so,rce of air poll,tion. 3ariet" of
to4ic organics co!po,n an gas s,ch as car.on, nitrogen io4ie, .en5ene, nitric
o4ie, h"rocar.on, s,lph,r o4ie e!itte fro! e4ha,st, e+aporati+e losses fro!
the f,el tan% an ,st fro! tires as the !a6or so,rces of air poll,tion.
-or e4a!ple, nitric o4ie an s,lph,r o4ie contri.,te to aci rain. 7ner
conition of .right s,nlight an still air, h"rocar.on an nitrogen o4ie can, in
the presence of s,nlight , it /ill co!.ine to for! seconar" pro,ct s,ch as
o5one an photoche!ical s!og. It /ill ca,se e"es irritation an in6,rio,s to
plant
#%) &oise
3ehicle especiall" hea+" +ehicle s,ch as tr,c%s, .,s, lorr" an aeroplane can
pro,ce noise. $esies, the traffic 6a! /hich !an" +ehicles trappe in cro/e
area, the ri+ers ten to loose patient an press the horn. This traffic noise ,s,all"
happene in ,r.an area. 7r.an en+iron!ents are concentrate so,rces of noise
poll,tion li%e traffic, in,strial operations, aircrafts an constr,ction acti+ities.
So!e of the co!!on health pro.le!s ca,se ." noise poll,tion incl,e sleep
isorers, hearing loss, increasing an4iet" an so on.
The noise le+el of reception point are epen on1
The istance fro! the roa to reception point
The height of reception point a.o+e the roa
The inter+ening gro,n s,rface
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TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT 1
The presence of o.str,ction #incl,ing noise .arrier* .et/een
the roa an reception point
The presence of near." .,ilings, /alls or gro,n s,rface
/hich reflect noise.
#') Road !rashes
8ear ." "ear, the n,!.er of +ehicle increasing rapil" in /orl/ie. The increasing
+ehicle also ca,se the high rate of roa crashes. Roa crash also .eco!e /orse The
fig,re .elo/ sho/e the statistic of roa accient in Mala"sia fro! ()))9()):.
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TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT 1
Leta% s
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#() !on)estion
Traffic congestion e4ists /here+er e!an e4cees the capacit" of the transportation
s"ste!. 2ongestion is !ost often tho,ght of as a pro.le! of the ,r.an high/a"
s"ste!. It can characteri5e ." slo/er spees, longer trip ti!es, an increase
+ehic,lar 0,e,eing. <hen +ehicles are f,ll" stoppe for perios of ti!e, this is
collo0,iall" %no/n as a traffic *am. The congestion can ca,se ela" to the ,ser to go
to /or%places or their estination.
#+) ,and consumption and loss of property
Transportation nees the constr,ction s,ch as roa facilities. 7se of lan re0,ire to
pro+ie the roa for!ation /ith, the constr,ction of sie rains an the egraation of
c,lti+ate lan ,e to sie casting. $esies, if the /a" nee to across on the far! or
+illagers lan, the contractors nee to settle a.o,t the per!ission of constr,ction on that
lan. This sit,ation !eans the +illagers loss of propert". Loss of so!e species flora or
fa,na also !ight happen ,ring the roa constr,ction.
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TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT 1
-OOD I"$A!
#.) !reatin) ne/ 0usinesses and *o0s opportunities
Goo transportation net/or% /ill create !an" opport,nities of ne/ .,sinesses an
!ore 6o.s for co!!,nit". -or e4a!ple, .,s station. $,s station is the centre for ,ser
to ,se the .,s transportation. Man" shops, stall an resta,rant aro,n the .,s station
area.
#1) Impro2e economic )ro/th and community de2elopment #Socioeconomic Impact)
Ne/ .,siness opport,nities can helping in i!pro+ing econo!ic gro/th an
co!!,nit" e+elop!ent. -or e4a!ple, co!!,nit" in a r,ral area, if there is a goo
transportation net/or% /hich can con+enience the! to !ar%et their crop pro,ct.
Another positi+e i!pacts s,ch as i!pro+ing the resiential en+iron!ent ." per!itting
the e+elop!ent of ho!es in areas /ith ne/ roas.
#3) Safe and efficient mo2ement of )ood and people
Transportation s"ste! can !o+e people an goos /ith safe an efficient. Efficienc"
of !o+e!ent is epen on the !oe choice. The ecision !ae epening on s,ch
attri.,tes as ti!e, spee, cost, safet" an con+enience # >hist", 2.& an Lall, $.>.
()); *. The" 6,st ha+e to plan an 6,st choose an" !oes of transportation that can
f,lfill their nee.
Safe an efficient transportation s"ste! not epen onl" on the transport or +ehicle,
.,t also on the high/a" net/or%. Effecti+eness can escri.e in ter! of the
accessibility of the !oe, the le+el of mobility it pro+ies an its productivity #$an%s,
&.'. ())(*.
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TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT 1
Ta.le 11Description of accessi.ilit", !o.ilit" an pro,cti+it"
#4) Aesthetic 5enefit
Transportation facilities can i!pro+e the +is,al appearance of a neigh.orhoo. Pa+e
roa can !a%e the appearance in an area change /ith the proper planning. In the
erms Description
Accessi.ilit" Refer to the cost of getting to an fro! the
!oe. It epen pri!aril" on geographical
e4tensi+eness. E4tre!es in accessi.ilit" are
represente ." the high/a" s"ste!.
Mo.ilit" Descri.e in ter! of spee or tra+el ti!e.
Pro,cti+it" Refers to so!e !eas,re of total a!o,nt of
transportation pro+ie per ,nit ti!e. The
a!o,nt of transportation is ,s,all" tho,ght
of as the pro,ct of the +ol,!e of goos or
passengers carrie an istance.
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TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT 1
pre+io,s "ears, ,npa+e roa or earth roa .eco!e /orse especiall" ,ring raining
season.
#10) $ro2ide !omforta0le Dri2in) or ra2ellin)
Dri+ers as ini+i,als, care a.o,t the co!fort of the ri+e. As engineers, the esign of
+ario,s traffic facilities sho,l .e s,ch that ri+ers o not face an" isco!fort.
2o!!on ca,ses of isco!fort to ri+ers are e4cessi+e eceleration rates, e4cessi+e
6er% an glare. The ph"sical perfor!ance of a transportation facilit", incl,ing its
co!fort an safet" is a res,lt of the interaction +ehic,lar characteristics, h,!an
characteristic an the characteristic of transportation facilit".
%) Identify the difference 0et/een transportation system re6uired in rural and
ur0an areas and /hy.
&et/or7 -eometry
The transportation s"ste! consists of net/or% that represent the a+aila.le !oes.
Mean/hile, net/or% escription is an a.straction of /hat is act,all" on the
gro,n an incl,es n,!.ering the intersections #calle noes*. N,!.ering the
noes allo/s engineers or planner to ientif" the seg!ents .et/een noes #calle
UR5A& AREAS RURA, AREAS
1) "odes of
transportation
3ariet" of !oe transportation
s,ch as co!!,ter train, LRT,
!onorail, .,s, ta4i, aero plane
Li!ite !oe of
transportation.
%) 8re6uent
accessi0ility
Al/a"s a+aila.le Restricte or li!ite
') &et/or7
-eometry
2o!plicate Si!ple
() raffic Si)nali9ed
System or De2ice
Miscellaneo,s an co!plicate
t"pe
Restrict or li!ite
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TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT 1
lin%s*. In transit net/or%, the seg!ents also ientif" .et/een the! # calle lines*.
This geo!etr" net/or% sho/s all possi.le /a"s that tra+el can ta%e places
.et/een points in the area #>hist", 2.& an Lall, $.>. ());*.
raffic Si)nali9ed
Traffic Signali5e or Traffic control e+ices are an i!portant part of engineerBs tool%it
for ealing /ith the efficient !o+e!ent of +ehicles or +,lnera.le ,sers along streets or
thro,gh intersections. At ,r.an area, there are !an" t"pe of transportation facilities,
!iscellaneo,s t"pe of traffic control e+ices. -or e4a!ple, electronic sign .oar. It is a
ispla" s"ste! allo/s high/a" operators to intelligentl" !anage an co!!,nicate /ith
the ispla" of locali5e infor!ation li%e roa ensit", o+er /ie stretches fro! a
centrali5e location.
The ifference .et/een transportation s"ste! .et/een ,r.an an r,ral areas
happene .eca,se of se+eral factors s,ch as car o/nership, resiential ensit" an
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TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT 1
a!o,nt of +acant lan. 7r.an is a centre area /hich is !an" facilities pro+ie, !an" 6o.
opport,nities an high ensit" of people. 'igh of o/n +ehicle o/nership
Transportation e!an on ,r.an area also high an thatBs /h" +ario,s of
transportation !oes easil" fo,n in ,r.an. 'ence, tra+el e!an is pri!aril" generate
." the pop,lationBs nee to /or%, entertain, sociali5e, st," an so on.
-re0,ent accessi.ilit" is restricte or li!ite .eca,se of the istance to those ser+ices
or opport,nities, an the lac% of p,.lic an pri+ate transportation.
RE8ERE&!ES:
$an%s, &.' #())(*. DIntro,ction to Transportation Engineering.E (
n
e.Ne/ 8or%1
McGra/9'ill.
http1FFen./i%i.oo%s.orgF/i%iF-,na!entalsGofGTransportationFIntro,ction
http1FF///.raconline.orgFinfoGg,iesFtransportationF
>hist", 2.& an Lall, $.>. #());*. DTransportation Engineering An Intro,ctionE. ;
r
e.
Ne/ &erse"1 Prentice 'all.
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