KalJayi by Kailash Dan Lalas

1
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[m{.]m. 165, _{hamZJT> XwJ, Om{Y[wa-342 001 (amO.)
E-mail : dirmmpp@mehrangarh.org
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\$m{Z : 0291-2623933, 2657531
E-mail : rgranthagar@satyam.net.in
ISBN :
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[bm gH$aU 2014
_m{b : 350 [`{ _m
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_hmamOm _mZqgh [wVH$ H$me H{$ obE OmoJS> H$`yQ>g mam H$`yQ>arH$aU
Ed ^maV oQ>g ({g) Om{Y[wa mam _woV
KAALJ
AYI
KAALJA
By Kailashdan Lalas
_hmamOm _mZqgh [wVH$ H$me em{Y H{$, Om{Y[wa
Published by : Maharaja Man Singh Pustak Prakash & Rajasthani Granthagar, Jodhpur
First Edition : 2014
Price : Rs. 350/-
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esa vkijkS Fkqrdks Ugk[k.k tksx dke dfj;ksA vj b.k bt ikar esa vsd uke
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pkj 33 dsoh th,l,l [kklh QqfrZ lwa iwjk dj fn;kA b.k [kkrj dSyklnku iwjh
ukSdjh esa vkijk vQljka lwa rkjhQ ikbZA brjkS dj uS bZ vkijh lkfgR; jh ijaijk
fuHkk fj;k gS b.k [kkrj Egs ?k.kk jax nwaA
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mokajh jpukoka fyjhthA ikfdLrku lwa izdkf'kr jktLFkkuh lkfgR; js bfrgkl esa
moka jks uke fy[khft;ks gSA iNs vkdklok.kh jh vkWfM'ku desVh jk esacj gSA
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4
8
Dr. Kr. Mahendra Singh Naggar
Director (General)
Mehrangarh Museum Trust
&
Maharaja Man Singh Pustak Prakash
Research Centre
es g jkux<+
P.B. No. 165, Fort,

Jodhpur - 342 002, Rajasthan, India
Tel
: 2541447, 2548790, 2549790
F a x : 0291 - 2541447
E-mail : dirmmpp@mehrangarh.org
dirmmpp@yahoo.co.in
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[kkfl;r ekuks ;k b.kka jh lgu ldfr jh etcwrh ekuksA
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lkFkS vkt Hkh ?k.kdjkS csM+kS bt cjrko gks; j;kS gS tSM+kS e/;dk esa gksorks
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ekuh tkos gS] ftdk ftukojka [kus uh tsM+h gSA gl.kkS jkso.kkS vj HkkofoHkksj dS
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uh gh Qxr y; bt ghA b.k lwa ?k.kh ihf<;ka iNS vk[kjka jS fy[kht.k jkS /kkjks
l: gq;kSA tka.kdkj feu[k lk: if<;ks&fyf[k;kS dght.kks ?k.kkS eksM+kS okifj;ksA
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dkt;h
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jkS vsyka.k cq/k&dk jS iNS ?kfM+;ksM+h ,d HkkVs jh ewjr jS :i feS ft.k eSa
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m.k c[kr jk laLd`r xzUFkka esa bZ jktdkt eSa b.k jh iwjh iSB crkbth gSA
b.k jkS mnHko ?k.kk fo}kuka e:xqtZjh viHkza'k lwa ekafu;kS gSA b.k nhB lwa jktLFkkauh
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jktLFkkauh jS twuS lkfgR; jh nhB lwa m.k jkS x| lkfgR; bZ ?k.kks lkaoBkS vj csgn
egrkm gkS ftdkS b.k Hkklk jS flejFki.kS jh lk[k HkjSA b.k jS iqjka.kS x| lkfgR; jh
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oa'kkoyh] ihf<;koyh] gky&gdhdr] :Ddk] ijokauka] bR;kn ?k.kk egrkm iqjka.kk
x| :Ik gSA dksbZ Hkklk jS fcxlko eSa m.k jkS x| ?k.kkS egrkm gksoS gSA
jktLFkkauh Hkklk uS laokj.k] lq/kkj.k vj lkaoBkS :i nso.k eSa ftdh twuh
x| jpukoka jkS ;ksxnkau gS moka eka; lwa [kkl gS&jkenkl ,jkor jh vk[kM+h jh okr]
[khaph xkaxs; fuEckor jS nksigjS jh okr vj jktu jkor jh ckr c.kkoA vka
jpukoka eSa dYiukoka vj njlkoka jkS fprjkae mdsj.k jkS /kkjkS vka uS dkO; jS usM+kS
yk; [kM+ks djSA i.k vka vBkjoSa lbds jh x| jpukoka eka; fucU/k jh fNc
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jh uoh x| fo/kk fucU/k jkS vkijkS U;kjkS fujokks :i gSA b.k jkS /kkjkS f'kopj.kth
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lqejs flg 'ks[kkor] izkQ
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lkaoBk fucU/kdkj izkstgwj [kka esgj gS ftdk lg lwa fljS jktLFkkauh fucU/kdkj
gS] b.kesa dksbZ nks jk; dksuhA izksQslj tgwj [kka th jk fuEcU/k i<f.k;k ?k.kdjk rkS
moka uS jktLFkkauh jk izksQslj bt tka.ks gSA tn mokauS Bkg iM+S tgwj [kka th
jktLFkkauh jk uh i.k bfr;kl jk Bkodk izksQslj gS i.k jktLFkkauh jk bZ lkaoBk
7
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jktLFkkauh laLd`fr jkS lkpkS l:i] jktLFkkau jk jhr jhokt] okj&R;wagkj vj twuh
vj e/;dk jh gseka.kh vaosjhth gS] ijksVhth gS!
Egkjh nhB eSa jktLFkkauh jk fljeksM+ miU;kldkj gS Jh vUukjke lqnkek]
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tks'kh] vj fljS fuEcU/kdkj gS izkstgwj [kkau esgjA twuh dFkkoka fy[k.k eSa lg
lwa fljS ukae jka.kh y{ehdqekjh pwaMkor vj fcTth jkS gSA jka.khth vkijh ;k=koka
vj ys[k.k jS c jktLFkkauh Hkklk jkS ukae lkr lenka ikj pkokS dfj;kS b.k lk:
moka jkS [kqn jkS ukae jktLFkkauh lkfgR; jS bfrgkl eSa vatl tksx gSA
jktLFkkauh jk uqok fy[kkjka eSa b.k iksFkh jk fy[kkjk dSkl nkauth ykl
jkS bZ ukar mYys[k tksx gSA b;wa dSkl nkuth O;axdkj jS :Ik esa pkokA fgUnh vj
jktLFkkauh jh i=&if=dkoka esa vj vkdkloka.kh lk: vki lcGS lkfR;dkj jS :Ik
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Bkok v[kckjka esa LraHk bUVjO;w] Qhpj] fjiksrkZt] iM+rky bR;kfn x| :ika jk
lkxhM+k ljko.ktksx fy[kkjk jS :Ik esa tka.khtSA vki jk fyf[k;ksM+k :id]
ukVd] okrkZoka] ppkZoka] xS;ukfVdk] xhr bR;kfn vkdkloka.kh lwa izlkfjr gq;k
ftdS iwjS lzksrk lekt esa c[kka.khT;kA vki jk fyf[k;ksMk+ ftdk /kkjkokgh izlkfjr
gq;k moka eka; lwa vsd jkS ukae gS îkxy[kkauk* ft.k jh 21 dfM+;ka ^gokegy*
dk;Ze lwa ikap eb.kka rd vkorh jsbZA vkS gkyrd yksxka esa c[kka.khtSA b;wa bZ
nwtk /kjkokgh bZ yksxka pko lwa lqf.k;kA b.k iksFkh esa dSklnkauth jktLFkkauh Hkklk
jh x| fo/kk esa uoh :.k jh ckrka tksM+*j vkt jh i=dkfjrk vj fucU/k fo/kk uS
fl.kxkj.k jkS lQ tru dfj;kS gSA b.k <ax&<kS bZ iksFkh esa lekt] fparu]
Hkkar&Hkkarhyk fopkj] foX;ku] vFkZlkL=] euksfoX;ku] jktfurh] bfr;kl vj
laLd`fr jh /kkj jS lkFkS Hkko vj Hkkoka jh lq?kM+kbZ vj lckbZ lkFkS&lkFkS lkaoBh
x| fo/kk jh vks[kka.k ikBdka uS gksosykA b.k nhB lwa vk iksFkh ?k.kh egrkm vj
ljko.k tksx gSA
iksFkh esa fy[kkjs jkS ij?kkS v/;;u] X;kukjt.k jh ykylk vj ek;M+
Hkklk lwa gsr gcksk ysos gSA vki jh iksFkh jS ika.k fy[kkjs jktLFkkauh Hkklk jS
14
dkt;h
flejFk vj lkaoBS l:i uS mtkxj dfj;ks gSA iksFkh jkS fljS fucU/k ^dk&t;h*
b.k ckr jh iq[rk lk[k HkjS d tqxka tqxka lwa dk lwa ckfFk;ka vkof.k;kS e#/kjk jkS
eku[kkS [kqnks [kqn dkt;h gSA m.k c[kr uS vkijh thoVrk vj djeBrk jh ewBh
eSa cka/k fy;kS gSA vkS fucU/k gFkhdksbZ fy[kkjs jh Hkklk jh idM+] e#/kjk jh
laLd`fr vj bfr;kl jh menk tka.kdkjh&lkarjh le> vj ek;M+ Hkklk lwa izxk<
yxko vj vji.k jh vkjlh gSA fy[kkjS Qxr laLd`fr] lkfgR; vj bfr;kl bZ
uh foX;ku vj rdfudh] tho foX;ku] ouLifr] o.kjk; foX;ku jk iq[rk gokyk
ns;*j e#/kjk jk feu[kka] tho&ftukojka vj :a[kka rdkr uS dkt;h lkfcr
dfj;k gSA b.k bt dkj.k lwa b.k fucU/k jkS c[kka.k djrka pkok fucU/kdkj izkstgwj [kka esgj b.k ckcr vi.kk;r lwa fy[;kS gS d moka uS dSkl nkau ykl lwa
bZldkS gks; fj;kS gS d oS [kqn vSM+kS lckS lkaLd`frd fucU/k D;wa uh fy[k lD;kA
ckr vk gS d dSkl nkauth ykl Hk.kkbZ&xq.kkbZ lwa baftfu;j gS vj vkijS esdes
eSa bZekunkjh jS dkj.k [kksM+hys vQlj jS :Ik tka.khtrks gksA fctyh esdes jk ?k.kk
vka>k dkae oS vkijh dqor lwa ikj yxk;kA mokajk vQlj bZ b.k ckcr okaA
dSkl nkau th jh rkjhQ djrk dks FkkdS uhA vsMS+ bZekunkj vj vki jS rduhdh
dkae esa BkodS jh foX;kku ckcr lkaoBh tka.kdkjh okajS fy[;ksM+S lkfgR; esa uoks
fudsokS vVax jax Hkj.k esa ?k.kks dkae vk;kS gSA b.k Hkkar lkfgR;dkjka esa baftfu;j
vj baftfu;jka esa lkfgR;dkj gkso.k jkS lkarjkS latksx b.k iksFkh esa BksM+ BksM+ idk
djSA oS foX;ku rduhdh ckcr bZ fy[krk jsos gSA
b.k iksFkh esa bZ ^jtk vc[kkbZ vj mdjkl* vj êqnzk ewa?kkbZ vj feu[k*
tSM+k fucU/k b.k ckr jh lqHkV lk[k HkjS gS d foX;ku vj vFkZ'kkL= ckcr
ys[kd jkS U;kjkS&fudsokS ekSfyd fopkj gSA T;wa d ys[kd [kqyklkS dfj;kS gS d
jtk dabZ gS] m.k jh fdrjh Hkkar gq;k djS gSA feu[k lk: m.kuS dkae yso.k jk
dabZ rjhdk gS vj okajh dabZ vc[kk;ka gS iNS okajk U;kjk U;kjk mdjkl bZ ys[kd
mtkxj fd;k gSA b.k Hkkar jh :[kh i.k feu[k lk: egrkm tka.kdkfj;ka uS
lkfgR; jkS jax ns; fg;s <wdrh c.kk; u le>kbZ gSA T;wa lwjt brjks vk?kks gS d
lwjt rkabZ vkaxh ykach dj*j m.k lwa vM+k; nka rkS 160 cjlka iNS Bkg iM+syk d
vkaxh cxh gSA b.k Hkkar dYiuk jS iqV lwa nqxZe rF;ka uS lqxe c.kk;*j dS
mnkgj.k jS :i esa mRisz{kk dkO; vyadkj jS lgkjS jkspd rjhds lwa le>kbZ gSA
vFkZ'kkL= esa êkax* vsd lCn gS i.k dSkl nkauth vki jS fucU/k esa crk;ks gS d
êkax* nks; Hkkar jh OgS&ûhM* vj ^fMekaM*A ûhM* rkS ?k.kh t:jh gS ft.kuS iwjh
8
v<kbZ vk[kj
15
dj.kh bt iM+S i.k ^fMekaM* foykflrk gS] ok tho.k lk: Qxr lq[k lEifr vj
lksjki.ks jkS c/kkiks djSA ewa?kkbZ jkS bfrgkl mtkxj djrka oS b.k ckr uS iq[rk dh gS
d uhM jh nhB lwa vkt jkS tekukS lclwa lLrks gS!
b.k bt Hkkar vsd fucU/k gS ûkjh jh lekt Eka; Bkoh BkSM+* b.k ckr jkS
[kqyklkS djS d ukjh lksl.k ukjh mRihM+.k jk ukjk FkksFkk gkdk gwdk gS D;wa d
dqnjr eknk ek= uS brjh lc vj vnhB lxrh jh /k.k;k.kh c.kkbZ gS d m.k jkS
lksl.k uj lwa fd;ks bZ uh tk ldSA uj esa ok lckbZ uh gS ft.k ika.k oks vuar
vikj lckbZ jh /kf.k;k.kh uS lksl.k jh fldkj c.kk; ldS!
^fganw vj eqgEenh fganw* fuca/k esa ys[kd Hkkjr esa /kje jk /kdkslyka lwa
fyiVhft;ksM+h jktuhfr jh tcjh iksy [kksyh gSA vaxzstka jS o+xr esa [kfM+;ksM+h
[ksrh vtS tS*j mhp j;h gSA b.k ckr uS fy[kkjS /kje xzaFkka vj bfrgkl jS iq[rk
gokys lwa le>ko.k jh lQy [kir djh gS&ftdk eku.k vj ljko.ktksx gSA
iksFkh esa fparu&euu&fopkj ckcr ftdh izfrf;k fy[kkjS jh gS m.k jh
mit gS ^vktknh jkS vjFk* vj ^ckiw jh fparu uS nsu* vS nksuwa bZ fuca/k xka/khoknh
njl.k vj fparu jkS [kqyklkS djSA vktknh jkS eryc hMe ;kfu LoNanrk uh gS
i.k bfUMis.Ms.V ;kfu vfuHkZjrk gSA b.k bt Hkkar jh ckrka lwa fy[kkjs xka/khth jS
euu jkS feu[k tkr uS dakbZ Qk;nks gq;kS gS vk ckr ^ckiw jh fparu uS nsu* fuca/k
esa Hkyh Hkkar fg;S <wdrs <ax lwa mtkxj djh gS!
^jktLFkkauh dkO; eka; vktknh jh vy[k* fuca/k esa bfrgkl jS vkax.kS
lkfgR; jS ika.k jktLFkkau jk dfo;ka vaxzstka lwa xSy NksMko.k lk: dkO; jk ftdk
?kksVk ?kqek;k gk m.k uS mtkxj djhT;kS gSA ckadhnklth] lwjteYy ehl.k lwa ys;
u uoyth ykl] jsaornkau pkj.k vj x.ks'khyky O;kl ^mLrkn* vkn dfo;ka
vktknh yso.k lk: lkldka vj vke jk;k uS ftdkS lanslks fn;kS gkS m.k jkS iq[rkm
ijoka.kks b.k fuca/k esa ns;*j fy[kkjs ?k.kks vtjkS] menk] mi;ksxh vj egrkm dkae
dfj;kS gS ftdkS okg okgh jS tksx gSA fy[kkjs vkijh lkaoBh Hkklk esa bfrgkl vj
lkfgR; jk iq[rkm gokyk ns;*j vkijh ckrka lkfcr djh gSA fc[kS jh m.k o+sk esa
vsdkvsd jktLFkkauh Hkklk bt gh ft.k vktknh jh vy[k txkbZ ghA nwth mM+nw
rkS gqLu bLd jk dlhnk dksjrh gh mj c`t jk/kk&fdlu jk jkl jpkorh ghA
vka lxka fuca/kka jS ilokM+S fy[kkjs jk lkfgfR;d ys[k ?k.kk egrkm
euekso.kk fpr fcyeko.kk lck vj lkaxksikax gSA T;wa&O;ax&^gwtwj EgSa thowa gwa*
16
dkt;h
brjkS lkaoBkS O;ax gS d O;axdkj :i esa dSklnkauth jkS MadkS ctkorks lks nhlSA
iNS ^dfork vk/;kRe* tks/kiqj ekFkS fyf[k;ksMS+ fjiksrkZt ^lka> HkbZijHkkr* ^twatkj
dfo jSaorth* ekFkS fyf[k;ksM+kS fprjkae vj ^jktLFkkauh lcndksl* jS fuekZ.k
ckcr laLej.k [kqnks [kqn ys[kd jkS lc vj lQy :Ik mtkxj djSA dwar
^xkSjo xzaFk ohj lrlbZ* ohj lrlbZ jS xkSjo uS izekf.kr djS gS] ljko.k tksx gSA
b.k bt Hkkar fuca/k ^ghjka rksyh Egkajh cksyh* jktLFkkauh Hkklk jS ekaxfyd i[k]
ehBki.ks vj ejtkn jS xkSjo uS mtkxj djSA lkFkS lkFkS b.k Hkklk uS xq.k lesr
ijksV.k jh rjdhc i.k crkbth gSA iksFkh jk ys[kka uS /;ku lwa i<.k lwa jkspdrk jkS
jlkLoknu rkS gqoS bt gS lkFkS egrkm tka.kdkjh jkS c/kkikS vj futw Qk;nS jh ckrka
bZ le> esa vk; tkoSA T;wa feu[k uS [kqn jh vken jkS cUnkscLr dhdj dj.kkS]
xjhc uS xjhch esV.k jh [kir [kqn uS bt dj.kh iM+lh] D;wa d pjkpj esa dqnjr
fd.kuS bZ xjhc dksuh c.kk;kSA xjhc okS gS ftdkS [kqn uS xjhc eku ysoSA vSM+kS
feu[k b.k iksFkh esa crk;ksM+h ckrka ijksVyS rkS oks [kqn jh xjhch [kqn esV ldSA
jkspd ftX;klk Hkjh ckrka esa nqfu;k esa iSykS irk rSy jkS o+SjkS dn vj
dBS [kqfn;kS gkS] iSykS fctyh?kj dn vj fd.k BkSM+ ykxkS gkSA gekj ewa?kkbZ jkS dksjks
gkdks gS i.k vaxzstka jS tekuS esa ewa?kkbZ ?k.kh ekjd gh bR;kn loky vj moka jk lgh
iMwrj mYys[ktksx gS!
iksFkh jh Hkklk lSyh esa ftdks cnko gS oks bZ ljko.k tksx gSA ftdh vknw
Hkklkoka thoS gS moka eka; lwa laLd`r vsMh+ Hkklk gS ftdh lCn c.kk; nS vj vaxzsth
vsMh+ gS ftdh lCn vaxst ysosA b.k iksFkh lCn c.kk;kbZ gS T;wa isVksy jkS irk rSy
vj ftvks Qwvy jkS irk chrksA vj dha lCn vi.kk;k fi.k gS T;wa uhM vj
fMekaM bR;knA b.k jS iNS bZ Hkklk jh dlkoV] lq?kM+kbZ vj jkspdrk tSM+h
lkfgfR;d fucU/kka esa gS ok bt foX;ku vj fooj.kkRed dS rF;kRed fucU/kka esa
jk[k.k jk tru rkS ys[kd dfj;k gS i.k ikj uh iM+hA dbZ BkSM+ rkS fy[kkjs jkS
fy[krka fy[krka lCnka uS vjFko.kks v[kjS gS T;wa ^tn ijek.kqoka esa xfr vkoS tn
rki ;k xjeh fuitS*A ^nwtk lkjk HkaMkj lwjt lwa Hksh dfj;ksM+h jtk jk mi
HkaMkj ;kfu lclkslZ gS*A b;wa rki uS xjeh lwa vjFkko.kks vj mi HkaMkj uS lclkslZ
lwa vjFkko.kkS fy[kkjs jh ikBd jh le> uS de dwar.k jkS vsyka.k gS ftdks lgh
dksuh v[kj.k okks gSA T;wa ^v<kbZ vk[kj* jS vka ikuk jh Egkjh vS vksf;ka fi.k
ikBdka uS ?k.kh ckm vj ?kksj uhjl*j :[kh lw[kh ykxsyk ft.k lk: EgS okajkS
{kekizkFkhZ gwaA iksFkh jS ys[kd rkS vkijh Hkklk&lSyh uS brjh ckm dksuh c.kkbZ]
9
v<kbZ vk[kj
17
18
dkt;h
ftdS vjFkko.kh vkn djhth gS ok lgt gSA ys[kd rkS vkijS fucU/kka eka;
jktLFkkauh jkS jkspd l:i iwjS :i lwa vaosfj;kS gS] vBk rd d ?k.kh BkSM+ rkS twuS
jktLFkkauh x| jh eBksB dke esa ys;*j jkspdrk c.kko.k esa lQy gq;k gSA T;wa
ûkjh] fcpkjh] vc[kk;ka vj lks'k.k jh ekjh] tqxka tqxka lwa iq:l jh v.kwrk;ka lwa
gkjh* vk vksh [kklh yach gks;*j jktLFkkauh jh twuh fo/kk nokoSr lwa vks[kka.k
djkoS gSA y; iz/kkau] rqdkUr vj vyadkfjrk lwa flejFk c.kh B.kh b.k Hkkar jh
Hkklk lSyh FkqFkdkS uka[k.k tksx gSA uoh fo/kkoka lkFkS fy[kkjs jh tquS jktLFkkauh
x| lkFkS idM+ b.kuS vkSj iq[rkm c.kkoSA iksFkh eka; dSkl nkau ykl jk
fy;ksM+k ?k.kk b.VjO;w eka; lwa vsd nhfjT;kS gS ftdkS uoh x|fo/kk jkS vsd uewukS
ekU;kS tk ldS gS!
?k.kk cjlka lwa ys; jk[kh gS] m.k lk: VLV jk laj{kd egkjktk xtflag th lkgc]
egkfuns'kd dqaoj MkW- egsUnzflagth uxj vj okajk lykgdkj jktLFkkauh jk cka.kHkV
izkstgwj[kkath esgj uS ?k.kk jax gSA
jktLFkkauh lwa tqfM+;ksM+k lxk fy[kkjka] izdkldka] ikBdka vj ek;M+
Hkklk jk gsrkqoka uS ?k.kS ekau lwa jkek lkek jS lkFkS vjt gS d vk iksFkh eka lqjlr
jS jktLFkkauh lkfgR; HkaMkj jh vksi c/kko.k okh v.keksy ef.k gS b.k jkS tkkS
feu[k jS fg;S jS vX;ku va/kkjS uS esVlh b.k ikssFkh uS vaosj uS j[kkotkS] Hk.ktkS]
vaxsttkS vj fpr esa /kkjtkS lkA
dqy fek;*j vk iksFkh jktLFkkauh fuca/k fo/kk uS uoS vj ?k.k vksirS <ax
lwa vaosjrh&laokjrh] fl.kxkjrh Fkdh x| uS ekau xqekau tksx lksjHk lwa ljkcksj
c.kkorh lkfgR; jh vej oSy gS] ft.k jk Qwyka jh lksjHk jktfurh jh :xVkbZ vj
/kje jS ukae ekFkS gkso.k okk /kdkslyka jh iksy [kksyS rkS ukjh jh fuckbZ jS lso.kS
jh vkM+ esa lekt jkS vX;ku pksM+S ykosA vktknh jh vkM+ esa dkuwu O;oLFkk jh /
kwM+ uh mMko.k jh lh[k [kjkbZ lwa nsos vj jktLFkkauh Hkklk ijksV.k lk: dka.k
dk;nkS crkoSA ys[kd uS ?k.kk jax gS b.k ljko.k tksx lkarjh iksFkh fy[k.k lk:]
ftdk ?k.kk mi;ksxh vj egrkm gSA
(izksQslj MkW- lksukjkae fc'uksbZ)
b.k iksFkh jS fy[kkjs dSkl nkauth ykl xhr] dFkk] ukVd tSM+h fo/kkoka
esa bZ dye pykbZ gSA vj b.k iksFkh lwa rkS x| fo/kkoka eka; lg lwa fljS fucU/k fo/
kk uS flejFk c.kk;*j jktLFkkauh lkfgR; HkaMkj jh o`f esa ftdkS egrkm dkae
fd;kS gS m.k lk: oS vfHkuanuh; gSA bZLoj lwa Egkjh oh.krh gS sd dSklth jh
lkarjS vj lkaxksikax LokLFk lsrh gtkjh mej djS vj ?kj ijokj esa lq[k&lEir
lksjki.k jk[kSA EgS vki lwa vk vkl jk[kwa gwa d /kdyh iksfFk;ka esa jktLFkkauh jh
nwth fo/kkoka jkS bZ jax fn[kkosykA b;wa b.k iksFkh jS NsM+yS ikauS ekFkS ,d dfork
^feu[k* ns;*j [kqn jS feu[ki.kS uS dk;e jk[k.k jh ihM+ mtkxj djh gS ft.k lwa
Egkjh vkl uS lckS LgkjkS ykxS!
jktLFkkauh iksfFk;ka jS izdkl.k jh ?k.kh vc[kkbZ gS vk ckr tx pkoh] i.k
êgkjktk ekauflag iqLrd izdk'k 'kks/k dsUnz] esgjka.kx< VLV* [kqn jh veksy
[kir lwa ek;M+ Hkklk jS lkfgR; jh c/kksrjh lk: izdkl.k jh ftdh ftEesokjh
iwoZ v/;{k jktLFkkauh Hkk"kk lkfgR; ,oa

laLd`fr vdkneh chdkusj
ls-fu- foHkkxk/;{k] jktLFkkauh foHkkx
t;ukjk;.k O;kl fo'ofo|ky; tks/kiqj
10
20
dkt;h
dk uS vsdj m.k jh eka iwfN;kS d&^csVk Egwa tk.kwa gwa d Fkwa v.kwrkS bZ djkj
vkkS] eksVk eksVk egkHkM+ka uS ikM+.k vkkS vj ?k.kdjk /kUuka lsBka uS rkM+.k vkkSA
lkS csVka jh eka uS fuiwrh djnS rkS v[kwV [ktkuS jh [kka.k jh [kqjp.k mrkj nSA
?k.kdjk N=ifr;ka uS Hkh[k eaxk; nh vj dsbZ lwjohjka uS /kwM+ pVk;nhA i.k csVk
eka jkS tho iq[rkiS jh ihM+A fg;kS /kkiS uhA fujk fnuka lwa vsd ckr iwN.k jh
gqM+dh ykxksM+h gSA Fkki jh pM+pM+kV rkS feV tkoS i.k o+Se jsoS ftrjS eu jh
fxM+fxM+kV uh feVSA lq.kw gwa d dk iM+S gS] dk iM+S gSA dnsbZ tSlk.kk jk /kksk
eka eka; iM+S rkS dnsbZ chdka.kS jh rirh jsr eka; iM+SA ckM+esj jh Fkf;ka eka; iM+S
rkS tks/kk.kS jh xf;ka eka; iM+SA ts brjkS iM+S rkS iNS FkkjS ykxS dks;uh\ brjk
yksdka uS dikoS&larkoSA Xkke jk xke mtkM+S cfLr;ka fcxkM+SA erokS eku[kS jk
eulwcka eka; ekVh fekoSA iNS ts FkkjS lwa dksbZ vkaV /kkj yS] tS dksbZ o+Sj ik yS
rkS csVk FkkjS [kuS dabZ mik; gSA dabZ FkuS dnsbZ vej ejrw jh futj uh ykxSA
dk eqdrkS uSgpS lwa gksS d iljrkS vkijS vkl.k usBkbZ lwa Mkska eka;
ika.kh idkorkS eka jS usM+kS fljd uS cksfy;kSA
êka csVkS dsM+kSbZ liwr gksoks eka lk: lko HkkskS tho vj dsM+kSbZ ctj
ljhjkS gksoks eka jh futjka eka; dkph dwaiA brjk cjlka iM+rka iM+rka bZ dBsbZ
mjM+kV bZ vkbZ gksoS rkS crkA vj dksbZ lkeh ewaMS oSj ikf.k;kS vka[k eka; vka[k
?kkyh gksoS rkS ;kn djkA i.k rksbZ FkkjS fg;S uS ifr;ko.k lk: Egkjk mik;ka jkS
[kqyklkS d:a ftdkS lq.kA EgkjS iM+.k eka; vj nwtka jS iM+.k eka; QjdA iM+wa gwa
?k.kdjk dsoS gS d tkSj jkS iM+wa lkxSM+kS iM+waA i.k iM+.k jh iwjh R;kjh lwa iM+waA vSM+kS
gksS gksS iM+wa d EgkjS rkS ykx.kh vkxM+h xh ft.k jS ekFkS iM+wa m.k jS bZ /kdkS uh
vkoSA gka vycr b.k gksS gksS iM+.k jS /kks[kS eka; iwjk xke pksrkk fprcaxk
gq;ksM+k bt yknS d Bk bZ uh iM+h d dn ifM+;kSA iNS EgkjS iM+.k lwa isV eka;
ykxksM+h ihM+ lwa isV u ihB lSax iaiksrk bt yknSA b.k eqtc EgkjS iM+.k lwa ykx.k
jkS lksp rkS Fkwa NksMA geS jsbZ ckr oSfj;ka vj nqle.kka jhA rkS brjk ft.kka jh
dkt;h
fodjk foink jk oSfj;ka jh deh gkso.k jkS rkS loky bZ uhA iSyk rkS ?k.kk Nrjifr
lezkV vj lsB lkgwdkj Egkalwa oSj ikf;ka gkyrk rkS geS eksVh eksVh laLFkkoka
ljdkjka Egka lwa nqle.kh jh ;kstukoka c.kko.k eka; ykxksMh+ gSA ?k.kdjk vkfoLdkj
vj lk/ku EguS thr.k [kkrj dfj;k gSA i.k EgS vkauS /kk:a tn d\ vS MkS MkS
rkS EgSa irS irSA ts iSyk jh ckrka NksM+ nsoka rkS geS rkS lko nwth ckr OgSxh gSA
tekukS cn x;kS gSA eku[kS rjDdh djh T;wa EgSa bZ rjDdh djyh gwaA iSyk dk
iM+rks gkS i.k geS dk iM+S uh gS Qsfeu QS gSA b.k Qrh QSfeu jh Nk;k eka;
?k.kdjk iS gSA phtka jk Hkko c/kko.k jk ykok ysoS oksikjh eksVk rkS ea=h vQlj
djepkjh nsos nkSjka jk nksVkA Lkjdkjka Qsfeu jS ika.k ekaxS oksVka jk xksVk rkS vHkko jS
vkax.kS fojks/kh n okoS ljdkj jS lksVkA iNS v[kckj okk bZ D;wa pwdS\ oS bZ
vc[kk;ka jk xhr xk; xk; lSaxka us vw>ko.k jh v.kwrk;ka eka; ykxksM+k jsosA
lM+dka jS ukae ekFkS ifCyd jS ibZlS jh jM+dka dk<S vj uSgjka jS ukae lwa /ku jh xSjka
jeSA Bsdka jh V.kdkj esVka jh euokj vj iapka jh igpk.k gS QsfeuA vktdky rkS
Egkjh vsM+k eksVka eksVka lwa lkaB xkaB gS d ts uh iM+wa rkS bZ iVd nsoS vj iVd u
iaiks nsosA b.k tekuS eka; vsM+S gqfl;kj uS dksbZ uh ikM+SA gka vycr vsd ckr
FkkjS ifr;kjS [kkrj tka.k.k tksx] ?k.kh t:jh ;kn jk[k.k tksxA tS dnsbZ Fkwa lq.k
ysoS d FkkjkS vkS csVkS lzfLV eka; fd.k lwa bZ gkj ekau yh gS] dksbZ egkHkM+ FkkjS liwr
uS ikM+ fn;kS gS rkS vpsrsbZ vka[k ehap u e: nsl dk iwax /kkV dk Fkh eka;
Egkjk okoM+ ys; yhtSA D;wa d eulk jS erS EgSa fd.k lwa bZ uh gkfj;kS i.k vkFkw.kS
feu[kka jkS Mj EguS eu bZ eu MjikoSA ftdk yksdka uS Hkw[k frjl uh ekj ldS
mokauS ikM+.kkS EgkjS cwrS jS ckjS jh ckr gSA dso.k eka; RkS ds; ldwa gwa d EgSa vkt
rd fd.k lwa bZ uh gkfj;kS i.k ftdk feu[k Egka lwa uh gkfj;k moka lwa dn gkj tka
b.k jkS dha ifr;kjkS uh gSA b;ka uS Vk u nqfu;k jh dksbZ iVd EgkjS yxkoS uh vj
dksbZ lwjohj EguS gjkoS uhA b.k [kkrj yksd vkauS dk t;h dsoS gS!* vk ds; u
dk vkijh eka uS /khtkS ca/kk;kSA
dha dS; uh ldka d ckbfcy lwa dqjku rd vj jkek;.k lwa iqjka.k rd
dk jh vs ckrkaa fdrhd lkph gS i.k ts bfr;kl jS >jks[kS fuj[kka rkS le> vkoS
d ftdh ckr dk vkijh eka uS dgh gh ok lkxS bt ckr nwtk lcnka eka; iBku
cknlkg 'ksjlkg lwjh vsdj le> cw> uS dgh ghA 'ksjlkg [kqn jh tks/kiqj thr
iNS eu uS QVdkjrkS dgh d ^vsd eqV~Bh cktjh [kkrj tkau tks[ke eka; Ugka[k
nh gekj fnYyh jh lYrur xek; csBrkA rkSck rkSck!*
11
dkt;h
21
iBkau jh b.k ckr eka; jktLFkkau jh nks; eksVh ckrka jkS E;kukS >kadSA iSyh
ckr rkS vk gS d eqV~Bh Hkj cktjh okkS vkS eqyd gjesl vHkkoka okkS nsl fj;ks
gSA vj nwth ckr b.k nks; cktjh jk nka.kk uS bZ vBkjk oklh vkijS tho jS lkVS bZ
NksM.k uS R;kj uh gSA b.k nqdk eqyd jk ekfyd eqj/kfj;k ek.kl vkijh bk uh
nso.k jk vk[kM+h /kkjh vsM+kS y[kkoS gS d xS eka; yVfd;ksM+h ryokj jS lkFkS
cxyca/kh jh xkaB jS gsVs izhr jkS ijoka.kks vsd fg;kS bZ jk[krk gk vj b.k fg;S jh /
kd /kd ikih isV jS iM+iap lwa ?k.kh aph ghA
ryokj jk /k.kh ekFkka jk oksikjh jktLFkkau jk oklh b.k bt dkj.k lwa
vBkjh FkksFkh Fkf;ka uS gst lwa lksuS jh Mf;ka dsoS gSA csdw jk eksVk eksVk /+kM+k]
dyj jk rkyj] mukS jh lwalkM+ ywoka rkS lh;kS jh yksbZ Bkj ghy m.k jS mijkar
yxwyx nwtS dk rhtS cjl dk jkS ckdkSA b.k lSax vc[kk;ka uS vaxst.k jkS
vsd bt eksVks dkj.k c.kS] vka feu[kka jkS jks Vks lwa ijgstA ft.k rjS lknwkS
vkijS tho jh lkfUr [kkrj aMS vkSj.k eka; vc[kS Hkk[kjka uS [kqn jkS jSokl vaxstS
yxsVxs m.k bt :.k eka; jktLFkkafu;ka vkijkS jSokl b.k nwdk nsl uS vsxsft;kSA
ftdh tkr lkaijrsd psrS lwa lksp fopkj uS dk jh yhyk Hkkse uS vaxsts m.k jS
fg;s eka; dk jkS Mj dsM+kS\ vk bt ckr gkjrs gkjrs thfr;ksM+S 'ksjlkg uS lw>h
vj vk bt ckr dk vkijh Ekka uS ekaM uS lq.kkbZA b.k bt [kkrj vBkjk oklh
dkt;h oktS gSA dghtS gS d]
ix iwax /kM+ dksVM+S ekFkkS ckgM+esj!
vkrkS tkrkS tks/kiqj BkokS tSlyesj!
tqxka tqxka lwa dk vkijk ljhj uS b.k bt pksrkS eka; ilkj uS js;fj;kS
gSA iwax eka; ix] fla/k eka; /kM+] vkorks tkorks tks/kk.kS lkal [kk; ysoS i.k
tSlk.kS rkS fur jkS oklkSA tS ykjyk lkS cjlka jkS ys[kks ysoka rkS de lwa de pkhl
cjl dk jk fx.khtS!
lkr dk u lrkbl tekuk frjslB dqfM+;k dkpk!
rhu dk vs M k iM+ s d em feS uh ikNk!
ikapkS] vkBkS] nlkS] iujkS] lrjkS] chlkS] iphlkS] pksrhlkS] vM+rkhlkS vj
b.k jS iNS dfo mejnkauth jk lcnka eka; ykjyk dkkaa jk nknksth NiukSA ih<h
ih<h nj iksrksth ik;kA vxys dkka jk nknksth vk;kA Niuk iNS vBkouk
lwa pkslVk rd vj vM+lBk lwa cksvrjk rd vs nks; lrdkf;ka chrhA b.k rjS
nqdkf;ka vj rhdkf;ka Hks uS fx.kka rkS gj nwtkS cjl dk jkS fuxS vkoSA tS b;wa
22
dkt;h
dSnka d dk vBkjS tw.k tekjs jkS nwtkS ukae gS rkS dha os+tk ckr uh gSA i.k rkS bZ
etky d b.k Hkkse jS eku[kS dksbZ nwtS eqyd uS vaxsft;ks gksoSA ?k.kdjk o+ksikjh
egktu fc.kt lk: ijnslka oklks djS rkSbZ moka jkS tho vkijS ?kjS bt mf>;ksM+kS
y[kkoSA oS /kUuk lsB ijnslka dek; uS [kqn jS ckiwrh jS xke eka; vk; ?kj ekaMS]
eksVh gosfy;ka pq.kkoSA
vsd ckjBth dk cjl eka; dke dkt l+ksnrk xke NksMrka lksfp;kS d
LgSj eka; dBsbZ etwjh ekFkS <wdka i.k LgSj eka; ?k.kh xf;ka fxf.k;ka iNS bZ dha ikj
uh iM+hA lsoV Hkerk Hkerk vsd nlukaeh ckcka jh e<h eka; tk; iwxkA ckjBth
ckcksth uS ueks ukjk;.k dj u e<h eka; lj.k ekaxhA Ckkckth ckjBth jkS :Ik Mks
nsf[k;ks rkS fcuk lksfp;ka bZ moka uS psyks Fkji.k jh fopkj yhA geS ckjBth rkS ewaM
eqaMk;k uS psykA lkdS oSxkS mB.kkS] ekk iwtk lwa tki dj.kkSA iNS ckckth jh
lsok U;kjhA vS lSax ckrka ckjBth jS c[k jh rkS uh gh i.k dk jkS cjl] e<h jS
pdkpd ijlkn jkS lokn] ckjBth lksjk nksjk bZ fc[kS jk fnu vksNk fd;kA ikNkS
lko.k vk;ka vkHkS jax pf<;kS vj ckjBth jh ukM+ka xke jh xf;ka lk: rwV.k
ykxhA lsoV vsd fnu ckjBth vkijh iksVh cka/k uS R;kj gq;kA ckckth iwfN;kS
d&dgka pys jS psyk pkjf.k;k\ ckjBth ckckth dkuh vkaf[k;ka jekork cksfy;k&
fxjh iwjh Hkkjrh cu*j vkjf.k;k!
pkjf.k;k ?kj pkfy;k ueks ckck ukjf.k;k!
brjkS dS; u ckjBth rkS Bsdk fn;kA
rkS b.k eqtc vsM+kS y[kkos gS d vBkjk feu[kka jkS dk lwa HkkbikS gSA [kkl
lkaLd`frd fjLrks gSA vBS dk vj lqxk tho.k jk nks; jax gSA b.k eqyd jk
oklh nksuka bZ jaxka uS vkuUn lwa thos vj HkksxsA dk vBS m.k bt xr eka; iM+S
ft.k rjS lqxk iM+S] #r cnSA feu[kka jS lHkko eka; vBkjh vc[kk;ka eka;
tho.kkS vsd vknr c.kxh gSA fc[kS uS vkuUn lwa Hkksx.k jh dk jktLFkkau jS
yksdka jh fudsoM+h [kkfl;r gS] fiNka.k gSA vk fiNka.k vkt jh uh gS lbZdka twuh
gS] ft.k yklk vj vkrqjrk lwa e# ekau[kS jh frjlh vkaf[k;ka fcj[kk jh ckV
tksoS m.k bt ejnkauxh vj lwjrk lwa dk jh dej HkkaxSA gdhdru dk lwa
vks[kka.k jktLFkkau jh mrjh bt twuh gS ftrjh d tkSgj vj ohjrk lwa gSA twuh
iksfFk;ka eka; tkxk tkxk ika.kh jS VksVS jh ckrka fyf[k;ksM+h gSA /kkV eqyd lk:
dfo jaxhys chBw dfg;kS gS&
12
dkt;h
23
inEe.k ika.kh tkoS izkr]

:arh vkoS vk/kh jkr]
fcYy[kS ckd tksoS ckV]
/kuks /kj /kkV /kuks /kj /kkV]A
/kkV jh ine.kh rkjS bZ mB u ika.kh [kkrj iSaMS p<S tqdkS vk/kh jkr rd
ikNkS ?kj ns[ksA m.k jk ck xksik eka jh ckV tksork fcy[kSA vsM+h /kkV /kjrh uS
?k.kk jax!
b.k bt okLrs b.k eqyd eka; cki csVh uS nk;ts eka; fif.k;kjh nso.kh uh
HkwySA fif.k;kljh m.k x/kS uS dsoS gS ftdkS ika.kh jh ynkbZ lk: dkae vkoS!
Vhdk;r jka.kh x/kk Vks] fur mB ykoS uhj gckS!
gkykafd vSM+h ckr uh gS d b.k ohj Hkkse ekFkS dk jh fcdjkrk jkS dha
vlj bZ uh gks;ks gksoSA vBkjk tho.k] laLd`fr vj bfr;kl eka; >kadrka dk jkS
idkS iM+AS i.k vBkjk for] ftukoj vj ekau[kS gksS gksS [kqn uS b.k jh xr eka;
<k fy;kS gSA tqxka tqxka ih<h nj ih<h vsM+kS y[kkos d dk uS gjko.k jh Hk.kkbZ
djhth gSA for o+bZ OgSX;k] eku[kS lHkko iVd fn;kS ika.kh jS dk eka; thorks
jso.k jkS] cawn cawn ika.kh lwa /kdko.k jkSA tho foKkuh crkos gS d vBkjk lw[kk
ikdk [kstM+h] dSj] Qksx vj vkdM+k tsM+k :a[kka jk lk[kka ikuka eka; ika.kh uS laap
uS jk[k.k jh [kkl rklhj gSA vkdM+S jk irka eka; ika.kh ysVl ukae jh pht :Ik
tek jsos ftdkS rkdM+S rkoM+S eka; bZ lwdS uh vj lwdksM+k irka eka; bZ ekStwn jsosA
tn vS ikauM+k fgjf.k;k] cdfj;ka] yaxwj tSM+k tho [kkoS t.kS vkS ysVl moka jS
ljhj eka; tk; ikNkS ika.kh jkS :Ik ys; ysosA b.k rjS vS ftukoj vka phtka uS [kk;
ika.kh jh t:jr iwjSA ?k.kdjk fcydkjh tho 140 QkjughV jh rirh lwa cp.k
[kkrj tehu eka; [kksg Bk; uS 60 QkjughV jh BkM eka; eLrh lwa ifM+;k jsosA
fcuk ika.kh gIrk i[kokM+k fudf;ka tkos i.k dha lksp jh ckr uh iNS T;wa bZ ika.kh
lap uS jk[kf.k;k :a[k nhlS tn moka uS [kk; vkijS t jkS dksVks iwjkS dj ysosA
fgjf.k;k] cdfj;ka] aV tSM+k tho vkdM+kS] [kstM+k] dSj] cksjM+h tSM+k [kkjk
[kkBk i.k ika.kh jk aMk :a[kka uS [kk; uS /kdk; ysosA b.k eqyd jh ?k.keksyh
vlokjh aB jS [kwu eka; DyksjkbM vkbju ?k.kkS okijS ft.k lwa b.k jS ljhj eka;
MhgkbMslu jh xwatkbl uh ftrjh gksoSA aB jS ljhj eka; lwa 30 izfrlr rd ika.kh
fud tkos rkS bZ MhgkbMslu uh gksosA aB jS ilsoks bZ lko FkksM+ks d bt vkos vj
oks vkos rkS bZ 104 QkjughV rki rd vkoSA b.k rki ekFkS nwtk thoka jkS rkS tho.kks
24
dkt;h
bZ ?k.kkS nksjks gSA b;ka [kkfl;rka jS lkFkS lkFkS b.k jk isV eka; jlkvadqj xzafFk;ka nwtk
thoka lwa frxq.kh pksxq.kh gksos gSA ftdka eka; gjVse ika.kh Hkfj;ksM+kS jsos gSA ft.k lwa
aB nl chl fnu fcuk ika.kh ih;ka bZ /kdk; ldS gSA vkS ehax.kh vj NhM+s lwa
fNU;ks d ika.kh ckjS dk<S ft.k lwa b.k jS ljhj jS ika.kh jkS [kjpkS xrksbZ de gksosA
Ekkals: thoka eka; ljhjh lHkko lwa ika.kh jh ekax lko de gksosA oss [kqn jS fldkj
jS ekal lwa fe.k okS izksVhu lwa ika.kh jh deh iwjh dj ysosA daxk: jSV jk HkkbZ
cU/k anjk iwjkS cjl fcuk ika.kh dk< ysos vj lko 5 izfrlr ika.kh okk lwdk
cht [kk; /kdk; ysosA vka jS xqnZs jh c.kkoV vkajS ljhj eka; ika.kh uS jhldqZysV
dj.k jkS [kkl lqHkhrks nsosA vS tho ljhjh vUrjf;k lwa ljhj jS dkckZsgkbMsV uS
ika.kh eka; cn.k jh [kkfl;r jk[kSA ft.k lwa t:jh t gjesl ljhj eka;
cf.k;ks jsosA jsIVkby tkr jh xksoka vj lkaMka tSM+k thoka uS lwjt jh rir uh
larkosA :a[kM+ka jh deh ia[ks:oka lk: dha ?k.kh eqfLdy [kM+h uh djSA fryksj]
xksMko.k vj pdokk tSM+k ia[ks: teh ekFkS tw.k xqtkj nsosA vS vkijk ekk
teh ekFkS bt BkoS vj baMk teh ekFkS bt lsosA iNS ika.kh jh deh bZ Hkkstu lwa
iwjh djSA
:a[kka eka; t jkS VksVks uh iM+S b.k rkabZ :a[k [kqn ,oksijslu jh f;k ekFkS
iwjkS dkcw jk[kSA ika.kh rirh gok jS ika.k mM uh tkos b.k [kkrj :a[kka jk dkaVk vj
uSuk i.k n lwa tkMk irk [kkl dj u dkae vkosA irk tkMk gkso.k law ika.kh uS
laps i.k uSuk gkso.k lwa mM.k uh nsosA dkaVk bZ NksVk vkdkj jk gkso.k lwa ,oksijslu
uS jkssdSA b.k Hkkar :a[k jh mej cnrh gksos vj m.k jkS ika.kh jkS [kjpkS de lwa de
gksosA Hkw[kk ftukoj vka irka uS iwjk uh [kk; ldS b.k [kkrj irka jS pk:aesj
fx;ksM+k dkaVka jkS x< dkae vkosA b.k eqtc dkaVk :a[k uS tM+kew lwa ej.k uh
nsos ftdk esg vk;kaa ikNk ikuM+ht u gfj;k gks; tkoSA [kstM+h tSM+k :a[kka jh tM+
jkS Vsi :V flLVe b;ka :a[kka uS /kjrh jh irk jh xsgjkbZ lwa ika.kh [kkap.k jh
dwaor nsosA ?k.kh xgjh vj QSfy;kM+h tM+ka lh/kh tehu eka; tkorh ika.kh uS ?k.kh
xsgjkbZ lwa [kkap ysosA vSM+h [kkfl;rka b.k BkSM+ feu[k] ftukoj] :a[kka vj
ia[ks:oka uS lzfLV jh cxfl;ksM+h gS dk lwa yM+.k jh vj lqxk eka; ?k.kks lwa ?k.kks
idk; u cVksj.k jh!
ts lqxk gq;kS rkS vBkjh vc[kh djM+h djl.k lwa /kkau idko.kks vj
dk iM+x;kS rkS oSM+h bt lwjohjrk lwa fc[kks dk<.kksA nksuaw bZ lwjr e:okfl;ka
lk:a cjkscj djM+kS dkaeA i.k vBkjkS eku[kkS bZ iwjkS djM+kSA t.kS bZ rkS dk b.k
eqyd uS vkt rd uh thr lfd;ks vj vkijh eka uS dfg;kS d vkFkw.ks eqyd lwa
13
dkt;h
25
dn gkj tkma b.k jkS dha ifr;kjkS uh gSA vsdkarjS ;k rhts fnu jk for uS ika.kh
iko.k jh jhr vk ckr lkfcr djS d b.k nsl eka; FkksM+s ika.kh lwa /kdko.k jh lh[k
ihf<;ka lwa nhjhtrh jsbZ gSA jsfxLrku eka; aMk rka lwa Mksyh Mksyh nks; rhu fnuka
rd ika.kh HkskS dj u m.k lwa for jk gksBka uS fHktkso.k uS ih;kS dghts vj iNS rhu
fnu rd ika.kh uS HkskS dj.k uS rh;ksA rkS vsd fnu ih;ks u vsdfnu rh;kS iNS
ij.kht.k jkS fnu fd;kSA vjFk vkS gq;kS d rh;s vj ih;s jh xkaxjr jS dkj.k
ika.kh Hkj.k vj iko.k jS tatk lwa NwVka rkS O;kao dj.k jkS eksgjr ?kM+S d!
tsB jh iSyh fcj[kk jS lkFkS bt djlka jh dej gksfr;s lk: dlht
tkos i.k lkau /;ku lwa lkopsr moka jkS fg;kS dk jh dqpky jh iwjh fxukj jk[kSA
dghtS gS d tsB jh fcj[kk vj tsBkS csVks cjkscj lq[k nsos i.k dk jS diV jkS
iSyks VksVdks tsB jh fcj[kk bt gSA ts fcj[kk ikNh vlk< ykxrka uh gqbZ rkS
tekukS vk/kks vj vlk< rjrs uh gqbZ rkS lqxk :fi;s eka; pkj vkaukA vj iNS
bZ uh gqbZ rkS le>yks d iM+.k jk ikofM+;k fx.krks fx.krks dk lsoV gksS gksS iM+
bt x;ksA [kqn jS ykx.k bZ uh nh vj ?k.kk ft.kk jS yxk; nhA
Lkko.k 'kqDyk lIreh mul tkS nh[kS Hkku!
;k t fegh dwi eka; ;k xaxk LukuA
i.k tsB rjrh fcj[kk jS cstki.ks uS le>rka xkeoklh vk?kk usMk+ ukfM;ka
lwa xkMh.kka yk; vkiks vkijk Vkadka ika.kh lwa Hkj.k eka; ikN uh jk[kSA vkS HkskS
dfj;ksM+kS ika.kh vkMh c[kr ?k.kS dkae jkSA b.k rjS ika.kh uS HkskS dj.k uS Hkj.kh
dghtSA Hkj.kh rkS ?k: t:jr jS ika.kh jh gksosA i.k ftdks ika.kh vk?kh uSM+h
ukfM;ka eka; Hkfj;ksM+kS yk/k tkos m.k uS vaosj u ewa>hi.ks lwa ojr.k jh dk rh;ks
vj ih;ks vkijh Bkoh BkSM+ jk[kSA Hkj.kh iNS ts vlk< rjrs fcj[kk uh gksos rkS
dk iM+.kks r; gSA ges ckjh xkS jh vk.kh gSA vk?kk uSMk+ ukfM;ka jkS ika.kh fufB;ka
iNS dkslka vk?kk lhaphtrk m.k aMk osjka jh ckjh vkoS ftdka eka; uh uh djrka bZ
Mksyh Mksyh lhafp;ka ika.kh gkFk vk; ldSA xkS vsM+k osjka jS pk:aesj vk?kk uSM+k
xkeka jS feu[kka jkS esks gksos gSA esks dso.k jkS vBS vsd [kkl dkj.k gSA b;wa rkS
xkS fc[kS jh c[kr fcrko.k jkS ri gSA i.k b.k ihM+ uS ftdS vkuUn vj dksM lwa
xkSf;k Hkksxs gS m.kuS ns[krka vaxzsth eka; ft.kuS dsos gS ^Vw ,Utks; n isu bt
ykbQ* okh ckr lkaijrsd lkph gksorh fuxs vkoSA tho.kks ihM+ uS iaiks.kks uh
gS i.k nq[k jkS vkuUn mBko.k jkS uke gSA tS fd.k bZ xksf;ka uS nsf[k;k gksos rkS oks
b.k jkS eje le> ldSA EgkjS Vkcji.kS EgS bZ xkS x;ks gkSA Egkjh ukauh vj ekaek
26
dkt;h
lkFkS ekM+oS xke jS m.k rS jS vksh nksh nsf[k;ksM+h dk laLd`fr jk fprjke

vtS Egkjh vkaf[k;ka jS vkxs fQjS gSA
tkV] pkS/kjh] Hkhy] Hkkach] fla/kh flikbZ] gj rjS jk vk?kk xkae pksrkS jk
yksd vkiks vkijk <ksj <ka<k ys; Hksk gq;k gkA ?k.kh HkhM+ i.k ok HkhM+ uh ykxrh
ghA brjk feu[kka eka; bZ feu[k feu[k uS I;kjks gksA m.k BkSM+ ika.kh tSM+h ?k.keksyh
pht [kkrj VksVs eka; bZ EgaS dBsbZ fd.kh Hkkar jh jkM+ uh ns[kh vj uh lq.khA vkt
tn LgSj eka; VaqfV;ka jS vksh nksh ykxksM+h yqxk;ka jh HkhM+ eka; xkf;ka jh
xrexr vj cjr.kka jh [k.k[k.kkV lq.khts tn feu[k jh rjDdh jS lkFkS vk;ksM+S
vi.kk;r jS VksVs jk rkdk pqHk pqHk u gst gsr jk oS xksf;k fprjkae mtkxj dj
nsosA vsdBi.ks jS m.k ekgksy eka; lSax eksfV;kj HkykabZ oS dksbZ tkr /kje jk gksoks
EgkjS ekek ykxrk] lSax Mksdfj;ka Egkjh ukfu;ka gh vj lSax ck;ka Egkjh ekfl;kaA
fc[kS jk ow m.k xkesfr;ka uS vsdBi.ks jkS ikB dq.k i<k;ks gkslh vk ckr Egkjh
vcks/k cqh uh tka.k ldh i.k ts dk uS iwNkS rkS oks ds; nsosyk d vk bt
jktLFkkafu;ka jh ok dwaor gS ft.k jkS m.kuS iwjkS Mj gSA dabZ Bkg uh d vka Fkf;ka
lwa dn gkj tkaA dksjks dk bt uh i.k bfr;kl eka; ekau[ks jh gj foink b.k
Hkkbis lwa gkjh gSA HkykabZ 1947 jk naxk gksoks vj HkykabZ Nius tSM+k dk e:oklh
vi.kk;r vj feu[ki.kS uS ewa?kks ekurk vk;k gSA
ika.kh jS cUnkscLr iNS /kku jh ckjh vkoSA b;wa rkS vBkjh /kksjk /kjrh eka;
ts vsdj tekukS lkpkS lksS vkauk ikdtk rkS uh uh djrka bZ rhu cjl rd /kkau
fuBS bZ dks;uh i.k b.k BkSM+ rkS nqdkf;k vj rhdkf;ka jk nknksth lrdkf;k bZ
iM+rk vk;k gSA vSM+S Vse lk: vBkjk oklh gwafp;kM+kS HkqjV [kkMks [kksn u teh jS
eka; lap u jk[kSA HkqjB jkS nka.kks teh jS eka; cjlka ifM+;ksMk+ S bZ uh fcxM+AS b.k nka.kS
uS ihl u m.k lwa /kku jkS dke yhjhtSA HkqjV rkS HkqjV ts vkS bZ fuB tkos rkS [kstM+h
jk NksMka jh jksVh ;k lksxjks c.kkbtsA vkS lksxjks dsos d ?k.kkS lokn gksoSA Egkjk
cwth Nius eka; ckjS cjl jk gkA Mksdjh Nius jh ftdh ckrka crkork gk moka eka;
lwa NksMka jh jksVh jkS lokn b.k <ax lwa c[kk.krk gk d lq.k.k okS uS bZ lokn vk;
tkorksA HkqjV [kstM+h jh ckjh rkS [kSj ekSM+h vkosA iSyk iSy rkS erhjs jk chtka uS
Tokj dk cktjh jS vkVs lkFkS Hksf;S jkS lksxjks c.kkbtsA cktjh Tokj fufB;ka iNS
dksjk chtka a bt /kku jkS dke yhjhtsA vj ts erhjS jk cht [kwV tkos rkS rwacs
jk cht dke yhjhtsA rwack [kkl dj u fcuk mxk;ka bZ dk eka; ?k.kk bZ fuitsA
iNS bZ [kstfM+;ka rkS ch bt gSA b;wa FkksM+h u ?k.kh ts vsd vk/k fcj[kk gks; tkos
14
dkt;h
27
rkS jkrfM+;kS /kkau fuit tk;k djs gSA dk lkVh jkS Q MksfM;ks bZ vsM+s c[kr
fuift;ksM+kS Hksks dj u dkae yhjhts!
esgur etwjh vj NksVh eksVh fc.kt djf.k;k ekoS jkS ekjx ysosA ekoS
pks[kh etwjh rkS fes bt gS i.k drkfj;ka uS ynkbZ lk: dkae bZ fe tkoSA drkj
aBka jh Vksh uS dsos gS ftd.k ekFkS dha u dha ykfn;ksM+kS gksosA [kkl dj u dk
cjl eka; drkfj;k ekos lwa /kkau yk; fc[kS eka; iwfj;k djS gSA dk jh dkh
jkr eka; tn drkfj;k xhr m?ksjS rkS lkao.k jh del eka; eksfj;kS xkorks y[kkoSA
Ykn.kkS dSM+kS jS eksVs aB jkS!
vsd :fi;ks ynkbZ ikbZ [kqn gkykSa ikkA
Ckki nknka jkS ukae xek;ks cktka aBka okk!
yn.kkS nksjkS jS eksVs aB jkS!
tkr ikar vj /kje lwa U;kjk drkfj;ka jh tkr drkfj;k bt dghtsA iwjS
ekjx lkFkS bt oSg.kkS] lkFkS bt [kka.kks] lkFkS bt iho.kkS] lkFkS bt mB.kkS] lkFkS bt
csB.kkS] lkFkS bt jS.kkS eryc vkS d lkFkS bt tho.kkS lkFkS bt ej.kkSA Fkh jk
HkkVh jktiwrka jh vsd [kkai gksos gS vM+axhA ihf<;ka lwa vs drkj yknrk vk;k gSA
b.k lk:a pks[kS vj fgEerw drkfj;S uS vM+axh drkfj;kS dsos gSA Egkjk vtht
ukukslk esgjthA vkijS tekuS jk eksVk vM+axh drkfj;kA fo-l- 1819&20 jS dk
eka; fla/k lwa drkj oSork tSlyesj iM+ko fd;kSA tSlyesj pwaxh ukdS ekFkS ikNk
obZj gksorka pwaxh jh ekax gqbZA vk pwaxh fglkc lwa m.k drkj lwa yhjhtrh gh ftdh
dksbZ ukaeh lsB vkijh fc.kt lk: eaxkork gkA m.k eka; ts drkfj;ks dksbZ pkj.k
;k iqjksfgr gq;ks rkS pwaxh ekQ ghA i.k vk drkj rkS dk eka; etnwjh jkS vMka.k
vj eqyd eka; /kkau iqxko.k jkS lk/ku gkSA esgjth ukukslk pwaxh nso.k lwa uVX;kA
ckr ?k.kh r.khth tn jktk rd iqdkj gqbZA jktkth QSlykS fn;ks d esgjth jh
pqaxh ekQ i.k moka jS lkFkS fla/kh flikbZ] jktiwr vj nwth tkr jk drkfj;ka lwa
pwaxh olwyksA esgjth HkS vM+X;kA moak dgh d drkfj;k jh dksbZ tkr uh gksos
HkykabZ pkj.k gksoks dk jktiwr] fgUnw dk eqlyekau] drkfj;ks rkS drkfj;ks gS nwtks
dha uhA iNS bZ vk drkj fc.kt oksikj rkS gS uh vk rkS dksjh etnwjh gSA dk
cjl eka; pwaxh yxk; /kkau ewa?kkS dj.kkS vU;k; gSA dk rkS lSaxk jh pwaxh ekQ djks
dk /kj.kkS tksgj djL;kaA /kj.kkS pkj.kka jkS ckr euko.k jkS vU;k; lwa yM+.k jkS
rjhdks gkS ft.k jkS vsd :i xka/khth jkS lR;kxzg ds; ldka gkaA
[kSj njckj esgjth jh ckr uh ekauhA drkfj;ka jS Msjs tksr gkse jS fcps
p<km jk Hkjdk mB.k ykxkA esgjth vkijks ekal ok< ok< nsoh uS iqdkj dj uS
28
dkt;h
vkgwfr nso.k ykxkA m.k tekuS eka; jktk egkjktk pkj.kka jS /kj.kS lwa ;k okn lwa
v.kgwrk MjrkA vkt jk usrk i=dkjka lwa MjS m.k lwa ?k.kk cnrk bt Mjrk gkA
tSlyesj jkt?kjka.ks eka; [kycyh epxhA jktk Mfj;kS d ts /kj.kks lQy gks;
tkos rkS oal jkS ukl dksbZ Vk uh ldSA gMcM+kV lwa pwaxh ekQh jkS gqde gq;kS i.k
m.k c[kr rd esgjth tksgj dj pqdk gkA mokajkS iapHkwr ljhj vxuh jh HksaV p<
pqdkS gkSA tksgj djrka crka esgjth ljki fn;ks gks d tSlyesj jh jktxnh ekFkS
csBS oks fuiwrks ejSA m.k jkS oal uh c/kSA b.k jkt jh ?kksM+h bZ uj cNsjkS uh t.kSA
vsd ohHkRl pkkS jktesgyka eka; l: OgSX;kSA vk ckr cw<k cMsjk vtS dsos gSA
ft.k fla?kklu jktk cSBs oks a/kkS gks; tkosA ft.k esgy eka; jktk jsos oks gkgkdkj
djSA ft.k iyax jktk iks<S oks Mxex djSA ykpkj gks; jktk uS oks esgy rkS lwa
tM+ u cUn dj.kkS ifM+;ksA b.k ckr jh lkpkbZ jh Fkkx rkS dksbZ ijkeuksfoKkuh bt
ys; ldS gS i.k oks esgy rkS vkt bZ cUn ifM+;ks gSA tSlyesj jh xknh ekFkS m.k
fnu iNS [kksS fy;ksMk+ bt cSBrk vk;k gSA m.k fnu iNS dksbZ jktk jS csVks uh gq;ksA
ikNkS jkt x;ka iNS csVks gq;ksA b.k rjS m.k tekauS eka; vukt jkS Hkko uh cnS b.k
[kkrj vsd drkfj;S vkijkS ljhj gkse fn;ksA vkt dk jk lcnka eka; vHkko jS
uke ekFkS ctkj Hkko cnko.k jk ykok ysof.k;k oksikfj;ka uS ns[kka rkS esgjth jkS
cfynkau ;kn jk[k.k tksxA
i.k vsM+h ckr uh gS d dk eka; jktk egkjktk vkijh jS;r jh gkyrka uS
v.kns[kh djrk vk;k gksoSA vsM+k dksbZ vsdvk/k gknlS uS Vk u ?k.kdjk vsM+k
mnkj.k feS ft.kka eka; eqyd jk lkld] Bkdj] tkxhjnkjka vBk rd d lsB
lkgwdkj rdkrd ijtk jh ihM+ uS dkV.k lk: iwjS ru eu lwa dkae dfj;ks vj
vkijh nkrkjh jk Madk ctk;kA tks/kiwj jk ukFkksth O;kl vkt rd vks[kks.kks jh
vksf;ka eka; vej gSA
tkr tkr tuerks ukFkkSA rkS D;wa eqyd ekos tkrkS!
vsd dk cjl eka; ukFkksth vkijS /ku jkS lnmi;ksx iwjh tkr uS
theko.k [kkrj dfj;ks vj b.k rjS yksdka uS jksVh lk: ekos tko.k jh t:jr uh
jSbZ!
[kkaMi jk tkxhjnkj ckyk jktiwr gq;k djrk gk i.k vk?kk usM+k pksrkS
eka; [kkaMi vks[khtS gS yk/kS lksyadh jS ukae lwaA Ykk/kksth [kkaMi jk lksyadh
jktiwr gkA Xkq.klBS dk eka; feu[kka uS jksVh theko.k eka; iwjh nkrkjh lwa dke
fy;kSA mokajh b.k nkrkjh jh ?kVkVksi eka; yksd Hkwyx;k d [kkaMi fd.k jh gSA
15
dkt;h
29
feu[kka eka; [kkaMi yk/kS lksyadh jh cktSA dfojktk ckadhnklth yk/kksth jh

rkjhQ eka; vkS xhr dfg;kS!
>jgfj;kS vkHk udq ekaMSA fc"kek tx Qjgfj;kS okoA
tks xq.krjkS cjgfj;ktx eSA pkd u Qjgfj;ks pkoaA
vu fcu yksd pgqa pd vksM+SA x;k ekoS NksM+S xsgA
nkscka ukMdka Nsg fn[kk;ksA vklkor nfj;ko vNSgA
tn lSax ukka ukfM;k NSg ns; fn;ks] vSM+S vc[kS c[kr eka; tn vkHkkS uh
eafM;ks] m.k iq eka; tn xq.krjkS dk fodjkrk lwa ifM+;ks] vklkor yk/kkS
lksyadh nfj;ko c.k Nsg uh fn;kSA yksdka jh lsok dj.k jkS vkijks pko iwjks fd;ks!
Nius dk eka; t;iqj jk jktk ek/kksfla?kth cktjh jkS Hkko :fi;s jh
ikap /kM+h dj.k jkS gqde fn;ksA i.k moka jS ea=h dkafrpanz jS dkj.k ikNkS Hkko nks;
/kM+h jkS OgSX;kS tn dfo mejnkau th dfg;ka fcuk uh js; lfd;k!
Qcrks gqde Jhek/ko Qjek;ksA dkafrpanz uS dkfanj [kk;ksA
b.k bt Hkkar chdkusj jk jktk xaxkfla?kth] tks/kiqj jktk jk laj{kd lj
izrkifla?kth NiuS eka; vkikS vkijh jS;r jh lqfo/kk jkS iwjks ijca/k djk;ksA
vS rkS lSax twuh ckrkaA i.k vktknh jS iSalB cjlka iNS bZ dk vkijh
dka.k uh NksMhA foKku jk lk/ku] jktjktuhfr jk mik;] lekt lsodka jh le>
vj ijtkra= jS ika.k bZ cj[kk jkS ewaMkS rkd.kkS uh NwfV;ksA xaxkusgj xaxkflag th
nks; cjlka eka; ikj iVd nh gh vj ges jktLFkkau usgj jS usui iM+h i.k iM+hA
gkykafd ;krk;kr jS uoS lk/kuka jS okij.k lwa vj ykjyk lkB cjlka eka; /kkau jS
ekeys eka; vkrefujHkjrk jS ika.k [kklh Hkyh jkgr feh gSA rkS bZ dk laLd`fr
eka; fujkS cnko vk; pqdks gSA drkfj;ka] xkSf;ka jS b.k ohj bykdS eka; esV]
iap vj Bsdka jk B.kdkj mMS gSA vQljka jh thika] tkaxk jk tjM+kV ckts vj
usrkoka jh dkjka jk dkjoka drkj jh ikou Hkkouk jh /kwM+ mMkoS gSA lclwa cqjh ckr
ftdh b.k Vse Qsfeu eka; iuih gS ok gS feu[k jS fc[kS tSM+S uktqd ekeys uS bZ
uqxjkbZ jS ukdS Hkquko.k jh uh;rA vkt jk v.kwrk iap vj ea=h Hkw[k jh fcyfcykgV
uS bZ csp [kko.k jh /kkfj;ka ck gSA b.k bt okLrs dk dgh gh d vktdky
dk iM+S uh gS Qsfeu QS gSA b.k vHkko jS vkljs eksdk eksVk eksVk iS gSA
dk ifM+;ks gS Qsfeu QlhA
ejth eqtc etwjh felhA
ikNk iSyk nkSjk iM+lhA
Hkkx QwVksM+kS Hkw[kka ejlhA
30
dkt;h
esVka iapka Bsdka jk fnuA

rkd f/kuk f/ku rkd f/kuk f/kuA
dk eka; Hkw[k lwa fdrjk efj;k j fdrjk Bfj;k b.k jkS eu pk;kS ys[kks
fojk/kh n ysos vj uh efj;ks dksbZ uh efj;ks jh jV lRrk okk yxk;ka tkoSA
v[kckj bZ pwdf.k;k uh gSA fd;ks bykdkS vHkko jkS ?kksflr gkso.kks gks vj fd;ks
bykdks fd;k ea=h jS pquko ?ksjs eka; uh vko.k lwa ljdkjh enn uh ys; lfd;ks
b.k ckr jk lkpk >wBk fdLlk vj vkadM+k v[kckjka jh nqfu;k eka; vpsrsbZ okij
tkosA b.k xkaxjr jS vkarjs dk jh dkjxqtkjh pkyw jsosA brks bZ uh ?k.kdjk
NqVHk;k usrk vsM+S Vse jh rkd eka; cSBk jsos!
vkvks Hkk;ka /ka/kkS djkaA dk iM+X;ks gS pUnks djkaA
Tk.kS bt dk dgh gh d vktdky rkS m.k jh lkaBxkaB vSM+k [kkl yksdka
lwa gS ft.k lwa m.k jkS dksbZ dha uh fcxkM+ ldSA ykjys cjl ftdh lM+dka c.kh gh
oS b.k cjl dk rkS /kwM+ eka; dhft;ksM+h ykns dk yjfM+;ka cdfj;ka jS [kqjka lwa
mikfM+;ksMh+ A uoS cjl uoh Qsfeu eka; ikNkS oks bt dkaeA dq.k tka.kS ykjys cjl
dkae gq;ks d uh gq;kSA i.k EgSa eqj/kfj;k dsM+S bZ dk lwa gkfj;k uhA fd.k lwa bZ
ifM+;k uhA dSM+ks bZ dk gksoks EgkuS dha jat uhA EgkuS jat gS rkS tn d feu[k
feu[k eka; vi.kk;r jkS dk iM+ tkosA ts gst gsr jkS dk iM+tk!
gst gsr jkS dk erh iM+tkSA eku[kkS eksg erh rttkSA
dk iM+S tS ika.kh t jkSA rh;s ih;s lwa ikj yxkokaA
dk iM+S Tks vUu /kkau jkSA HkqjV dqh EgS [kk; /kdkokaA
dk iM+S tS dqjc dka.k jkSA tksgj /kj.kka dV c tkokaA
i.k vi.kk;r jS vkap erh iM+tksA eku[kks eksg erh rttksA
gst gsr jkS dk erh iM+tksA
EgksjS b.k nqdk nsl eka; tS lqxk gS rkS dksjS gst jkS] izse jkSA ts vi.kk;r
js; tkos rkS gtkj dk bZ dha uh fcxkM+SA geS jktLFkkau usgj jkS ukae bfUnjk xka/kh
usgj gks; x;ks gSA dkae uok eksfV;kj [kka/kk ekFkS vk;X;kS gSA ts geS bZ c[kr js;ka
djlka jh ijclrk feV tkos rkS dk jkS vkS vijrkS lkpht tkos d Bkg uh vka
jktLFkkafu;ka lwa EgSa dn gkj tkmaA rkS jkaeth Hkyk fnu nsosA ljdkj jh nkSM+ dkae
vkoS daBgkj ;kstuk jh iwjrh lwa bfUnjk xka/kh usgj jh [k[kkV eka; tqxka tqxka lwa
b.k eqyd jh ekaxr dk jk gkMdk osok; nkaA
ppp
16
32
Ukkjh jh lekt eSa Bkoh BkSM+

Ukkjh A fcpkjhA vc[kk;ka vj lksl.k jh ekjhA tqxka tqxka lwa iq:l jh
v.kawrk;ka lwa gkjhA b.k jh vk[kj dabZ gS dkjhA ?k.kka feu[kka ?k.kh ckrka fcpkjhA
i.k b.k vw>kM+ jkS dha lqyVkM+kS fuxS uh vk;kSA T;wa T;wa vks[kn djh T;wa T;wa
cnrh xh csekjhA ?k.kk dkuwu dk;nk cf.k;k ukjh lksl.k jS f[kykQ djM+h vka>h
ltkoka jk ljktke gq;k i.k ckr mBS jh mBSA nzksinh jh lkM+h [kkapf.k;k nqlkluka
jkS dksbZ var uhA jko.k vkt bZ lhrk jkS gj.k dj.k jk dki djrk nhlSA
geS loky rks vkS gS d dabZ ukjh iq#l jS lkeh fuch gS\ ykpkj gS\ ;k
vpiS iq#l jh v.kwrk;ka jS ika.k Bhej usBko/kkjh /kheh ukjh lHkko law Hkkjh[keh
gkso.k jh ltk Hkksx jh gS\ vsM+k lokyka jk iMwrj tkso.k jk dki cjlka law
gksork vk;k gSA euksfoKkuh] lekteuksfoKkuh] thofoKkuh vo/kkj.kkoka eSa ?k.kh
ifjHkklkoka lkeh vkbZA foKku jh nhB law thofoKkfu;ka lkeh vsd eksVks loky
vkS vk;kS d lzfLV jS djrkj uS tho/kkfj;ka eka; nks; tkr ;kfu uj vj eknk jS
fljt.k jh t:jr D;aw iM+h\ tnfd vsd fyax law larfr vky vksykn c/kko.k
jk mnkgj.k vkt bZ lzfLV eka; ykns gSA vsd dks'kh; tho vehck tSM+k vj ?k.k
dks'kh; tho vf;k tSM+k vkt bZ vki jh vky vksykn vsd fyax jS ika.k iuikoS
gSA :a[kM+ka eka; rkS dye jS tfj;s ikS/kk iuiko.kk ekewyh ckr gSA ft.k jkS ?k.kks
lq/kfj;ksM+kS :i fVlwdYpjy VsfDud gSA vj iNS ftukojak eka; rkS dksjks Mhvsu-vs- vj lsy jS ika.k Dyksfuax dj u vsd tSM+k Vkcj iuiko.kk bZ vktdy jk
foX;kuh lh[k pqdk gSA b.k jS vkxS LVselsy VsfDud lwa tYerS Vkcj jh vako lwa
LVselsy ys; u m.k lwa feu[k ;k ftukoj jk xqnkZ dktkS fny tSM+k eak;yk vax
iuiko.k jk dki gks; fj;k gSA b.k nhB lwa fopkj fd;ka vk ckr lkQ gks; tkoS
gS d thoka eka; uj eknk nks; tkr jkS iui.kkS dksjkS vky vkSykn c/kko.k [kkrj
bt uh gS i.k dha nwth ckrka bZ Hksh gS!
ckr vk gS d lzfLV jh pky gdhdru fodkl ewyd bZokaY;wLujh gSA
ftdh ckrka yk[kka cjlka iSyk gh m.kka uS ns[krka vkt jh gkyr ?k.kh vkxS gSA
dkt;h
c/kkiS jh fnl gSA rkS vsd fyax lwa nks; fyax cankscLr lzfLV jS c/kkis jh etcwjh
jS ika.k gSA lzfLV jh b.k etcwjh jkS jkt vsd fyax okk thoka vj nks; fyax okk
thoka jh lUrfr ek; lkQ fuxS vkoS gaAS ftdk vsd fyaxh; tho gS moka jh vky
vksykn djksM+ka cjl chfr;ka iNS bZ m.k BkSM+ bt gSA ?k.kk cjl fcfr;ka iNS bZ moka
jS ljhj vj fnekx eka; dksbZ rjS jkS cnko uh vk; lfd;kSA vj nks; fyax ;k
ck;kslsDlqvy flLVe okk tho c/kkiS ;k izksxzsl jS ika.k feu[k tw.k rd iwx
x;kA tqdkS lfLV jkS vsd peRdkj ekfu;kS tk ldS gSA
rkS lzfLV jh iSyh t:jr izksxzsl jkS tqxkM+ uj eknk jS ika.k bt ikj ifM+;kSA
uj vj eknk ;kfu nks; fyaxh cUnkscLr jkS nwtkS Qk;nkS tqdkS lzfLV uS gq;ks oks gS
fofo/krk ;kfu osjk;VhA vk ckr bZ lkQ fuxS vkoS gS d vjcka [kjcka nks; fyaxh
thoka ek;aa ldy lwjr vj vknr lwa xq.kk voxq.kk lwa U;kjk U;kjk gq;k djS gSA
vsd eka cki jh nks; larkuka eka; bZ nh[k.k le>.k vj vks[k.k yk;d Qjd
lkQ lkQ gksoS bt gSA i.k vk ckr vsd fyaxh thoka ek;a uh nhlSA rkS lzfLV
fofo/krk ;k oSjkbVh jkS xq.k iuiko.k jkS tqxkM+ uj eknk jS ika.k bt gkfly dfj;kS
gSA nks; fyaxh O;oLFkk lwa rhth pht ftdh gkfly gqbZ gS ok gS QwVjkikS ;kfu
lkSUn;Z vj ljlrk ft.k lwa lzfLV jh pky eka; eksuksVksuh ;kfu vsdyki.kkS aV
x;kSA vk ckr Hkkjr jk twuk vks[kk.kka eka; bZ vaxsth gSA vks[kka.kS eka; ba;w dsoS gS
d fo/kkrk jS eu eka; vkbZ d EgSa vsdyks gwa ?k.kk gks; tkoSA ft.k lwa lzfLV eka;
?k.kk tho iuix;kA vkS vks[kka.kkS thoka eka; vsdyki.ks jh ihM+ jh O;k[;k gSA rkS
nks; fyaxh thoka lwa vsd bt Hkkar eka; nks; tkr uj vj eknk gkso.k lwa vsdyki.kkS
feV x;kS vj ljlrk iuixhA b.k uS Vk u uj eknk ;kfu ck;kslsDlqvy flLVe
lwa vsd eksVkS Qk;nkS gq;ks oks gkS ljtu jh gksM jkS fodklA MoyiesaV vkQ
fvsfVo dkfEiVhluA loksZre bt cpsyk ;kfu fQVsLV foy lokZbo jh pky jS
ijoka.k uj eknk fcpS ;k uj uj fcpS vj eknk eknk fcpS loksZre gkso.k jh vj
loksZre Vk.k jh gksM uj eknk ;kfu nks; fyaxh cUnkscLr jS ika.k bt iuih ft.k
lwa thoka eka; izksxzsl jh xfr ?k.kh cnxhA rkS b.k Hkkar tqdkS vsd fyaxh ;kstuk ;k
flLVe gkS lzfLV m.k jk nks; fgLlk izxfr uS xfr nso.k lk:a fd;k gkA b.k Hkkar
baftu vj pDdka jS fcps fx;j yxk; u vsd midj.k jk nks; fgLlk dj fn;kA
iNS nksuka jkS dke bZ U;kjkS U;kjkS ckafV;ks x;kSA b.k jS vykok vsd ckr foKkfu;ka uS
dEI;wVj jS vkfoLdkj iNS Bkg iM+h] d eka ;kfu eknk jS [kuS m.k jh larfr jkS
lkapks ;kfu isaVuZ uh gksoS i.k ;kstuk ;kfu izksxzke gksoS gSA vj larfr jkS cht ;kfu
17
ukjh jh lekt eSa Bkoh BkSM+
33
csfld gkMZos;j cki [kuS gksoS gSA rkS cki jS cht uS vkdkj nso.k jkS dkae eka jS
[kuS miyC/k izksxzke jS ika.k gksoS gSA b.k izksxzke eka; vk ckr Hksh gS d larfr jS
fyax fuj/kkj.k jh tqesokjh cki jh gSA b.k jkS eryc csVkS ;k csVh gkso.k lk:
ftdk ksekstkse pkghts oS cki law feSA b.k nhB law csVh t.k.k jkS tqdkS
dkYifud nksl eka ekFkS ykxS ok vsd v.kwrh ckr gSA b.k Hkkar csVh ;kfu ukjh jS
tue jkS tqesokj m.k jkS cki ;kfu iq:l gSA iNS larfr uS ik iksl u ixka cky
dj.k jh tqesokjh fo/kh eka jS ikS eka; jk[kh gSA rkS tho/kkfj;ka eka; ekaa ;kfu eknk
jkS nkf;Ro izxfr fofo/krk lkSUn;Z ljlrk vj ik.k iksl.k jS lkFkS lkFkS fvsfVo
dkEihVhlu ;kfu l`tu jh gksM c.kk;h jk[k.kkS gSA
b.k lkjh ckrka jS ckotwn uj eknk nksuka bZ nksuka jS tue jk dkj.k gS vj
vsd midj.k jk nks; fgLlk gSA b.k dkj.k nksuka bZ fe uS vsd gSA T;wa dksbZ
cjr.k jkS ckjykS [kksf;kS vj eka;ykS [kks[kykS nksuka bZ fe u cjr.k iwjkS c.kSA
vsd dejS jh Hkharka vj eka;ykS [kkyhi.kkS nksuka bZ fe uS dejkS c.kSA ts [kksf;S
uS U;kjkS djnka rkS [kks[kykS [kqn bZ feV tkosykA rkS uj vj eknk iq:l vj ukjh
nksuka uS U;kjk U;kjk dawr.kk v.kwrh ckr gSA lkph ckr rkS vk gS d tqdkS [kks[kykS gS
m.k jS [kkrj ckjykS [kksf;kS c.kko.kkS ifM+;kSA eknk oks [kks[kykS gS ft.k uS c.kk;kS
jk[k.k [kkrj uj :ih [kksf;S jh jpuk gqbZ gS!
rkS b.k Hkkar lzfLV eka; eka ;kfu eknk vj uj ;kfu cki jkS tue gq;kS vj
larfr uS ik.kkS iksl.kkS m.kjh :[kk jkS ftEekS eka jS i[kS eka; jkf[k;ks x;kSA i.k
ukjh ;k eknk uS b.k tqesokjh [kkrj lzfLV dha [kkl Hkkar jh vewrZ lxfr bZ cxlh
gSA vk vnhB rkdr peRdkjh gSA b.k jS ika.k m.k lwa lok;kS Mhy Mksy okkS uj
m.k jS vkxS fuckS gSA vj ok lck gSA dksjkS m.k jkS uj bt uh pjkpj jk nwtk
tho/kkjh Vkcjka jS :[kk jS lk: eka :Ik eka; fuift;ksM+S] tksl jS vkxS fuck
gks; tkoSA iNS m.k jkS uj rkS dksjks m.k jh :[kk laHkk jkS y ;k vkstkj bt
gS b.k dkj.k bt tksxh HkrZgfj ukjh uS lcyk crkbZ gSA b.k jkS vsd lVhd
mnkgj.k vkLVsfy;k eka; vsd rjS jkS gkap ikslh ;kfu esey gksos gSA b.k esey jkS
uj vkijh eknk lwa ess iNS [kqnkS [kqn ljhjh cnko lwa ej tkoSA b.k BkSM+ uj jh
vk ekSr gkjeksuka jS cnko lwa izd`fr jS ika.k gksoS gS m.kuS dksbZ ekjS uh gSA oks [kqn
ess iNS vk;ksM+k cnko lwa ej tkoSA foKkuh b.k ekSr jk ftdk dkj.k izd`fr jk
fx.kkoS gS m.k eka; lwa [kkl gS d oks uj ej u nwtk ekals: thoka [kkrj [kqjkd c.k
tkoS ft.k lwa Hkw[kk fgald tho eknk ekFkS geykS uh djS m.k uS ekjS uhA b.k lwa
34
dkt;h
eknk jS lkFkS lkFkS m.k jS isV ek;a if.k;k fcfp;ka jkS bZ cpko m.k uj jh
izkd`frd ekSr lwa gks; tkoSA rkS vkijh eknk vj m.k jh larfr uS thorh jk[k.k
lk: uj uS cfy nso.kh iMS+A vk cfy lzfLV jS fu;e law gksoSA b.k jS iNS ftdk
cfN;k ok eknk t.ks m.kk eka; uj jh fx.krh eknk lwa dha cnrh gksoS ft.k lwa uj
eknk jkS ys[kks cjkscj js; ldS!
vk ckr rkS esey jh gSA esey thoka jS bfrgkl eka; ?k.kk eksM+k iufi;kA
b.klwa iSyk iuif.k;k dhV iraxka jkS vsd mnkgj.k ysokaA iSz;jesafVl vsd jketh jS
?kksM+S tsM+kS rhM Hkkar jkS tho gksoS gSA b.k jh eknk Mhy eka; uj lwa Mks<h gksoSA b.k
jh eknk b.k uS ess iNS lsewnks [kk; tkoSA eksVh ckr rkS vk gS d uj lko tk.kS
gS d ess jS fNu i jS lq[k iNS ekSr r; gS i.k oks MjrkS MjrkS bZ tkoS vj vkijh
ekSr cqykoSA vk vnhB lxrh gS eknk jh d m.kuS tko.kkS iMS+!
;wa ijokus dks lek tyk dj [kkd djrh gS!
ij ;g D;k de gS fd ejus ij nqfu;k ;kn djrh gS!
b;wa lek ekFkS [kqn uS >kSad u ej.k jkS bfr;kl ySyk etuw ;k lhjh Qjgkn
lwa ?k.kkS twukS gSA dksbZ vjcka [kjcka cjl iSyk lwa bZ tn feu[k tsM+kS tho tufe;kS
bZ uh gkSA tho /kkfj;ka jS bfr;kl uS vkxS ys; ns[k.k lwa vk ckr lkQ gksorh nhlS!
mnkbZ dhM+h vsd vsM+kS tho gS ft.k eka; feu[k jS nkbZ lekt O;oLFkk jk
l:vkrh vsyk.k feSA vBk rd d lklu O;oLFkk vj [ksrh dj.k jk bZ lcwr
dhfM+;ka jh vsdk/k tkr ek;a yknS gSA dhfM+;ka eka; jkt dkt cUnkscLr eknk
;kfu jka.kh dhM+h jS ika.k pkyS tqdkS vaMk nso.k jS vykok dksbZ dke uh djSA nwth
dhfM+;ka m.k jh lsok eSa tw.k xkSA lap.kkS yko.kkS [kkap.kkS lkjk dke etnwj dhM+h
fdlku dhM+h tSMh+ uj dhfM+;ka uS lwafi;ksMk+ gksoS gSA vj vS lkjk dke lkjk
ljktke eknk jh vnhB vewrZ lxfr jS ika.k pkyrk jsoSA vk bt ckr lSr jh ek[kh
vj Hkaojka VkafV;ka jS lekt Ekka; yknS d moka jh eknk jkS flDdkS vj lklu lcuS
eku.kkS iMS!+
geS ts /kdyh ih<h jk eksVk thoka dkuh fxukj djka rkS lkxS bt ckr fuxS
vkoSA T;wa gkfFk;ka eka; eknk gkFkh jS ika.k lSax dke dkt pkyS vBk rd dS ts
gkfFk;ka uS i<ko.kk gksoS ;k idM+.kk gksoS rkS gfFk.kh jS ika.k bt gks; ldSA iNS
fgald ekals: fla?k ck?k phrk rkS vkijh eknk jS ika.k bt ikj iVdS gSA eknk
fldkj dj*j dqVqac jS lkeh yk; iVdS ft.k lwa uj lesr iwjkS dqVqac xqtkjkS djSA
Ekknk jh ejth fcuk uj pwdkjks bZ uh dj ldSA gka ts uj cw<kS gks; tkoS eknk jS
18
35
dke jkS uh jsoS vj eknk m.k uS NksM+ nS rkS m.kjh tw.k U;kjh x.k <wdSA i.k lkFkS
jsorka rkS oks eknk jh eulk jS vkMh nso.k jh vkSdkr uh jk[kS!
rkS izd`fr jk vs mnkgj.k eknk jh gSfl;r vj m.k jh vksdkr jk lkQ
njlko gSA iNS feu[kka eka; tw.k jk tks[ke vj mej jk vw>kM+ tfVy vc[kk
gS dkj.k d feu[k ?k.kkS fodkl dfj;ksM+kS c/kkis okkS tho gSA i.k ts feu[k jS
bfr;kl ekFkS FkksMh+ d usBkbZ vj lku /;ku lwa ns[kka rkS ukjh jS BjdS jkS HkdkS iM+rkS
nhlsA fganh fo'odks'k jk lEiknd vj pkok fo}ku Jh Hkxor'kj.k mik/;k;
vkijS ys[k Ukkjh eka; feu[k lH;rk jS bfr;kl eka; ukjh jh gkyr c[kka.kh gSA Jh
mik/;k; lclwa twuh lH;rk uS ekr`lrkRed crkbZ gSA vk ckr lkph gS d lH;rk
vj lekt jh iSyk iSy t:jr ukjh bt eslwl djh gksosykA D;wa d larku jh
:[kk vj ik.k jkS dkae lzfLV ukjh ;kfu eka uS lwafi;ks gkSA iNS uj ;kfu iq:l
ekFkS ukjh jkS iwjkS BjdkS gkSA vk ckr bZ [kjh gSA lkS lekt jS eMka.k eSa iw:l uS
HkskS jk[k.k eka; m.kuS dksbZ vc[kkbZ uh vkbZ gksosyk!
b.k ckcr Jh mik/;k; ukjh jS bfr;kl jh l:vkr djrka ukjh jS ewaMS lwa
dsokfM+;ks gS d EgSa ukjh gwaA fir`lrkRed tqx lwa iSyk okh ekr`lrkRed tqx
okh ukjhA EgSa cuka ekFkS lklu fd;kSA tn EgSa fcuk xkHkka vMksh fxjh fl[kjka
ekFkS Qnkdka Hkjrh ghA xqQkoka [kansfM+;ka eka; lksorh ghA TkkSj lwa ljkcksj Egkjk
ljhj eka; ?k.kh QqrhZ ghA iq:l EgkjkS nkl gkSA EgkjS dek;ksM+S vkgkj ekFkS irkS
gkSA fldkj lwa ikNh vk; tn EgS [kka/kS ekFkS /kfj;ksM+S fgj.k dk lwvj jS lkFkS
mNrh Egkjh ekan eka; mrjrh tn EgkjkS ijokj EgkjkS fxjLrh uj vj Egkjk Vkcj
EgkjS pk:aesj Hksk gks; Qqndrk!
b.k jS /kdS oS uj ;kfu iq:l jh x;h chrh gkyr ckcr fyf[k;ks gS d m.k
c[kr tS dksbZ vHkkfx;kS gkS rkS oks uj nkl ft.k [kkrj b.k lxr lklu eka; dksbZ
vi.kk;r uh ghA tn EgkjkS ewaMkS ns[k uS okS thorkS vj Egkjh gwadkj vkxS dkairkS
gkSA EgkjkS var ?k.kdjh csk vkilh dft;S lwa gksorkS gkSA okS dft;ks eka vj csVh
fcpS gksorkS gkSA Hkxor'kj.k mik/;k; iwjk ukjh oknh fy[kjk fo}ku gSA oS ekus gS
d lH;rk jh l:vkr lwa ukjh lRrk lekt jh /kqjh ghA vk ckr lkph vj [kjh
gSA b.k lwa dksbZ uV uh ldSA i.k b.k lwa vkxS bfrgkl vj lkfgr ekFkS ukjh
lgkuqHkwfr jkS ulkS Nk;ksMk+ S nhlSA lhEisFkh Qksfc;kA ukjh jh ftdh eksgd vkdlZZd
vnhB vewrZ lxfr gS m.keSa vts;rk gSA vk m.kuS lzfLV lwa ojnku :Ik lwa feh gS
ft.k jh dksbZ dkV uh gS b.k jS ika.k lalkj ekFkS m.k jkS iwjkS vlj gkSA ijokj eka;
36
dkt;h
eka ;kfu ukjh gjesl eqf[k;k jsbZ gSA vsd losZ jS eqrkfcr Hkkjr jk 270 yk[k
ijokjka eka; vkt bZ eqf[k;k efgyk gSA rkS ftdh ekr`lrkRed O;oLFkk gh ok
fir`lrkRed dhdj gks;xh\ b.k cnko jS fel ukjh jS lksl.k jkS lcwr ns; uS
okj okj uj ;kfu iq:l uS grksmRlkfgr dj.k jk dki gksork fj;k gSA i.k lkph
ckr rks vk gS d lH;rk jS bfrgkl eka; ukjh dnsbZ fuch uh ghA feu[k jS c/kkiS
jS lkFkS lkFkS cnko vkork fj;k gSA ftdh ekr`lrkRed O;oLFkk gh m.k eSa bZ okj
okj cnko vk;k gSA dnsbZ lRrk jh jkl iq:l idM+h vj dnsbZ ukjh i.k ftrjh
okj cnko vk;k m.k jh tM+ eka; ukjh jkS lqHkhrks vj m.k jh gkeh Hksh ghA D;wa
d iq:l HkykabZ dBsb dsM+h gkyr eka; jsoks izd`fr lwa okS ukjh jS mijokM+S uh tk
ldSA ukjh uS v.kns[kh dj.k jh m.k jh gsfl;r uh gS!
b;wa twuk xzaFkka ek; fyf[k;ksM+ks gS d Hkkjr eka; C;kao jkS fo/kku mkyd jS
csVs 'osrdsrq dfj;ks gkSA m.k lwa iSyk ftdh gkyr gh ok ukjh lk: vc[kkbZ
c.kxh ghA rkS ukjh jh vc[kkbZ Vk.k lk:a vsdifr vsdiRuh jh O;oLFkk gqbZ
i.k Lo;aoj jS :Ik esa ukjh jkS ifr Vk.k jkS gd vkijh BkSM+ jkf[k;kS x;kSA
loksZre [kkrj iq:lka eka; gksM rkS gksorh gh i.k loksZre gksorka Fkdka bZ ukjh udkj
ldrh gh ft.k jkS mnkgj.k nzksinh gS ft.k loksZre gksrka Fkdka bZ d.kZ uS udkj fn;kS
gkSA Hkkjr eka; ykxw vkB Hkkar jk C;kaoka eka; ukjh jh bPNk loksZijh ghA vsd
jk{kl C;kao vssM+kS gks d ft.k eka; gj.k jh ckr gh i.k m.keSa bZ ukjh jh gkeh fcuk
uh gks; ldrkS gkSA iNS Hkykab d`L.k :def.k jkS gj.k djkS vj HkykabZ vtZqu
lqHknzk jkS gj.k djkSA b;wa vk jhr lekt ek; gs; ekuhtrh ghA iq:l ukjh lEcU/
k jk lkjk fo/kku HkykabZ dksbZ nsl gksokS dksbZ /kje gksokS dksbZ laLd`fr gksokS ukjh jS
lqHkhrs jk vMka.k bt fj;k gSA okj okj jk cnkoak ykjS bZ ukjh jkS fgr loksZijh gkSA
geS tS dksbZ iwNS d ekr`lRrk lwa fir`lRrk jS cnko jk dabZ dkj.k gk rkS ckr lkQ
gS d ftdh lRrk /kkjh eka gh m.k vkijk dke dkt jkS Hkkj de dj.k lk: [kqn
jk gd [kqn jS lqHkhrS [kkrj iq:l ;kfu firk uS cxl fn;k vj cxfl;ka xhA T;wa
vsd jktk ;k vQlj [kqn jS lqHkhrs [kkrj [kqn jh ?k.kh lxfr;ka vkijS ekrsrka uS
cxfl;k djS gSA vj gkss gkss lkjk gd iq:l jS ikS eka; tk; iwxkA i.k rks bZ
?k.kh xM+cM+ gkso.k jh c[kr ukjh vkijk gd ikNk [kksfl;k bZ gkA b.k Hkkar
lH;rkoka jS bfr;kl eka; okj okj ekr`lRrkRed lRrk ckijh ft.k jk vsyka.k
laLd`fr vj jhrka ikarka eka; vkt bZ yknS gSA twuk vkfnoklh dchyka eka; vkt bZ
ekr`lRrk ekStwn gSA dh.kh u dh.kh :i eSa lRrk jh idM+ ijokj eSa eka ;kfu ukjh
jS gkFk eka; bt jsbZ gSA dkj.k d eulk vj vkpj.k lwa iq:l m>M+ vj vkked
19
37
gSA vk iq:l uS izd`fr jh fn;ksM+h lHkko jh etcwjh gSA b.k jS ika.k iq:lka eka;
tks[ke >sy.k jkS gkslykS ?k.kkS gksoS gSA i.k ukjh eka; izd`fr lwa lw>cw> /khekbZ vj
/khjt lek;ksM+k gksoS gSA D;wa d Vkcjka jh lkj laHkk jh tqEesokjh eka jh gS b.k
dkj.k eka eka; /khtkS izd`fr lwa ?k.kkS fn;ksMk+ S gSA ukjh viZ.k gkso.k jkS Hkko jk[kS vj
iq:l tks[ke mBko.k jh dwaor jS ika.k vkked gq;k djS gSA lks lHkko jkS vkS
Qjd b;wa Hkje fuitkoS d vsd lksld gS vj nwtksMk+ s lksflr i.k gdhdr lwa vk
ckr uh gSA Ukkjh jh vnhB eksfguh lxfr jS lkeh iq:l jkS Mks<kS MhyMksy vj tksj
geslk gkj ekurkS vk;kS gSA iNS HkykabZ lhrk jh vsdfuLBrk jh vk[kM+h gksokS vj
HkykabZ dqarh nzksinh jh ?k.kk /k.kh /kkj.k jh nksjkbZ gksokS ukjh jh vewrZ lxfr geslka
thrrh vkbZ gSA egkHkkjr tSM+k tq/k iq:lka yfM+;k i.k moka jh tM+ka eka; ik.kh rkS
ukfj;ka fn;kSA e;kZnk iq:lksre jh e;kZnk tn /kkj ekFkS p<h t.kS lhrk jkS ri
vfXu ijh{kk jS :i lkeh vko.kkS bt gkSA dsdSbZ jke uS cuokl fnjk; NksfM;kSA
nljFk jS jFk jh /kqjh eka; vsd vkaxh jk[k uS v;ks/;k jS lklu jh pwka fgyk;
nhA bfr;kl eka; vsd vks[kka.kkS vkos d ts fDyvksisVk jh ukd frjNh gksorh rkS
vsfl;k jkS uDlkS nwtks gksorkSA rkS vsfl;k jkS uDlkS fDyvksisVk jh ukd jS ika.k
vkdkj fy;kS fldanj jh ryokj jS ika.k uh cf.k;kSA bfr;kl jk varjk eka; tkxk
tkxk ukjh jkS BjdkS idk djSA uUnoal jS c[kr b;wa ekauS gS d cke.k jkt ekFkS
lwnzka jkS lektw geykS gq;kS vj O;luh uUn jS oal jkS ukl gq;kS i.k gdhdru vk
ckr lkQ gS d vkS geykS ukjh lxfr jkS gkSA egkuUn jh gR;k jh [kir rkS m.kjh
csdkcw jkf.k;ka vj lsoknkj MkofM+;ka djh ghA HkykabZ dksfVR; pk.kD; jh dksfllka
lwa pUnzxqIr lezkV cf.k;kS i.k m.k jkS oal m.k jh eka eqjk jS uke lwa pkfy;kSA b.k
<ax lwa izlkld ukjh jkt fla?kkluk uS ma/kk dj uS vkijkS izHkqRo trkorh jh gSA
ukfj;ka jh U;kjh lsukoka jk bZ ?k.kkbZ mnkgj.k gS i.k ukjh jh :fp iq:l uS fcyek;
u [kqn jkS BjdkS jk[k.k jh ?k.kh jh gSA b.k ckr jkS iDdks lcwr gS jk/ksL;ke
jk/kkd`L.k lhrkjke tSM+k uakeka eSa ukjh jkS uke iSyk jk[k.kkSA flolxfr eaS gkykafd
flo jkS uke iSyk gS i.k lxfr fcu flo lo gS vkS vks[kka.kkS m.k c[kr ukjh jS
opZLo jkS lcwr gSA m.k c[kr Hkkjr jk pksiu lxfr ihB fd.k ckr jh lk[k HkjS\
vk ekr`lRrkRed lkezkT; jh lk[k gSA e/;dky eka; dSos gS d ukfj;ka [kqyk
ctkj cksyh yxk; u csph tkorh ghA i.k lkph ckr rkS vk gS d m.k c[kr
feu[k uS xqyke c.kk; uS csp.k jh vsd a/kdk okijh gh ft.k jS ika.k feu[k
ukjh vj uj nksuka bZ :Ik fcfd;k vj [kjhnhft;kA vsd iwjS xqyke oal Hkkjr
ekFkS jkt dfj;ks gkS m.k c[kr jh ukjh lqYrku jft;k jkS [kkl lsoknkj ;kdwc [kqn
38
dkt;h
vsd iq:l xqyke gkSA iNS xqyke :Ik esa dksjkS L=h jS fcd.k jkS gkdkS v.k phrh
ckr gSA lkeUrh vj tkr /keZ ;k ap uhp jS la?kjl eka; iq:l vj L=h nksuka bZ
cjkscj Hkqxfr;k gSA iNS lksflr jkS flIikS dksjkS ukjh ekFkS yxko.kkS vsd i[kh ckr
gSA i.k lR;orh ;k ;kstuxa/kk tSM+h ukfj;ka vkijh eksgulxfr jS ika.k [kqn jh
ljrka ekFkS >waiM+h lwa fud uS jktHkou eka; tk; iwxh vj fu;ksx tSM+h jhrka [kqn
iq= izkfIr lk: viukbZA ?k.kk /k.kh /kkj.k jh jhr ukjh jS loksZre fcpS vkijkS caV
ikM+.k jh lksp jS ika.k vkbZA vj vsdfuLBrk jkS ukVd bZ larku jh tqEesokjh iq:l
ekFkS <ks.k jkS lc[kkS rjhdkS gkS tqdkS vkt rd py fj;kS gSA ;= uk;kZLrq
iwT;ars r= nso jears tSM+k ea= xko.k okh lH;rk iq:l jh iwtk jh ckr dnsbZ
uh djhA iwtk dk rkS ekrkoka jh gksorh dk lfr;ka jhA Ukkjh jh :[kk jkS iwjkS
bartke gkSA firk j{kfr dkSek;sZA HkrkZ j{kfr ;ksousA iq=k j{kfr oknZtsA rkS
iq=h :i ukjh ;kfu dU;k jh :[kk jkS ftEeks cki :ih iq:l jkS gkS vj iRuh
:i ukjh jh :[kk jkS ftEekS ifr :i iq:l jkS gkS iNS cw<kiS eka; iq= :Ik
iq:l jkS gkSA b.k jS mijkar iq:lka jh ukjh jS :[kk jh vk[kM+h b.k ckr jh iwjh
lk[kHkjSA
/kje iyVrka /kj tkrka f=;k iMa+rka rko!
vs rhuw i ej.k jk D;k jad D;k jko!
rkS jko gksokS ;k jad vehj gksokS ;k Qdhj ukjh ekFkS eqlhcr vk;ka ej.k
jh vk[kM+h iq:l ik jk[kh gSA lrh izFkk tsM+h jhrka iq:lka ykjS ukjh uS gkse.k jkS
wj rjhdkS ekuhtS i.k ukfj;ka ykjS iq:l gksehft;k m.k jh v.kns[kh djhtSA
Lkkph ckr rkS vk gS d lrh izFkk jh l:vkr ukfj;ka jh [kqn jh dj.kh jS ika.k gqbZA
euksfoKkuh b;wa ekauS gS d tokuh jh l:vkr eSa vsd vsM+kS c[kr vkoS gS d m.k
c[kr yM+dk yM+dh xsyht tkoS foKku jh Hkklk eSa m.k c[kr uS fifj;M vkQ
lpZ vkQ ikVZuj ;kfu lkaf;.ks jh gj dfg;k djS gSA ts b.k nkSjku nks;ka eka; lwa
vsd fef;ka iNS fcNM+ tkoS rkS nwtksM+kS ej.kkS /kkj ldSA ghLVhfj;k jh gkyr vk
bt ekuhtSA tokau ;k dkph ekSrka ?k.kdjh ;q/kka jS ika.k iq:lka jh bt gksorh vkbZ
gSA ft.k jS ykjs Hkj tkscu okh ifRu;ka jS ej.k c.k jS ika.k lrh izFkk jh uhao
iM+hA b.k uS Vk u eka csVs ykjs vj cSu HkkbZ jS ykjs bZ lrh gkso.k jk mnkgj.k bZ gSA
b.k jS vykok lkdk vj tkSgj vsd U;kjkS :i gS tqdks nqleh jS gkFk uha vko.k jkS
tqxkM+ gkS i.k lkdk vj tkSgj rkS iq:lka bZ ?k.kk bZ dfj;kA lrh izFkk jkS nwtkS
dkj.k vsdfuLBrk jh vk[kM+h crkbZ tkoS ftdh jkek;.k dky eka; cgqifRuRo jh
20
39
jhr uS Hkkax.k lk: Jh jke jh e;kZnk jS ika.k vkbZ ghA vk jhr bZ ukfj;ka jS fgr eaS
viukbthA b.k lkjh ckrka jS ckotwn mRrj jkek;.k dky ek; lrh izFkk jkS var bZ
iq:lka dfj;kS vj vkijh tksMk+ ;r uS }hojdkek ;kfu nsoj jh dkeuk dj.k
okh uke fn;kSA b.k Hkkar tksM+hnkj jS NksVs HkkbZ lwa fjLrks f}oj ;k nsoj gq;kSA b.k
jhr jS eqrkfcr tS tksM+k;r vdkeksr ej tkoS rkS iqjksfgr jh vkKk lwa ok vkijS
tksM+k;r jS NksVs HkkbZ jh tksM+k;r c.k tkorhA vk jhr vkt bZ dbZ twuh tkfr;ka
eka; ijksVhtS!
b;wa ukjh xs: fgaxw yxk; u xS.kk xkaBka lwa xwaFkht uS jax jk diM+k iSj uS
tksM+k;r uS cka/k u jk[k.k jk ftrjk dki dfj;k oS lkjk ukjh jk ca/ku c.krk
x;kA ukjh jh lqgkx pwfM+;ka csfM+;ka c.kxh vj gkFk dkad.k gFkdfM+;kaA lkSdka
vj cmokfj;ka ekFkS :rckS jk[k.k jkS dke ukjh uS ukjh jkS nqleh c.kk; NksfM;kSA
ft.k lwa lekt eka; ?k.kh dqjhrka okijhA nk;tS nr jh ekax lklqvka jh bt gksorh
vkbZ gS!
vkd vkyks bZ cS vj lklw lwnh bZ yMS+A
ukjh jh vsd eksVh fonzwirk gS dlc dekbZ ;k oSL;ki.kkSA vkS ukjh jS
ukjhi.kS jkS oksikj gSA vkS vkfn dky lwa pky fj;ks gSA [kqn jS tkscu vj QwVjkis
jS ika.k iq:lka uS ywV.k jkS vkS /ka/kkS ukfj;ka jkS [kqn jkS bt vaxsft;ksM+kS gS ft.k jkS
dqQ iq:lka Hkqxfr;kS vj Hkqxfr;ka tkosykA oSlkyh jh uxjo/kw :ithok
okjkaxuk i.;L=h uke lwa cq/k dky ek; rkS vkS /kaa/kkS ?k.kS c/kkiS ekFkS gksA b.k
dkj.k dksfVY; b.k ekFkS dj yxk; u jkt jkS [ktkukS Hkj.k jh tqxr fopkjh ghA
lezkVka jh nkunkrk oSLS ;koka ?k.kkjk dke lkft;k gkA vkt dkuwu BkSM+ BkSM+ b.k /ka/
kS jS lkeh yB ys; mckS gS i.k Vh-oh-] flfueks foKkiu jktfufr vBkrd d /kje
jk /kdkslyka eka; bZ ukfj;ka vkijh euethZ fcd jsbZ gSA vkt b FkkbysaM tSM+k
eqydka ek;a jktLo jkS rhl Vdk lbdk dlc dekbZ ika.k dj lwa vkoS gSA vkfn
dky lwa pkyrS b.k /ka/kS uS lekt lwa ckjS dk<.kkS yxsrxss vlEHko gSA b.k lk:
iq:l uS nksl nso.kkS eku.ktksx uh gSA ukjh gdhdru dksbZ :i eSa gksoks eka cgu
iRuh ;k HkS dksbZ [kqn jh eksfguh lxfr jkS oksikj m.k jh izd`fr lwa etcwjh gSA
ft.k jS ika.k ok vkijh euejth lksjh lksjh pyk; ldSA iq:lka rkS dnsb etuw
:i eSa HkkVka jh ekj lwa eksr ikbZ RkkS dnsbZ nsonkl :i nk: ih; eksr jkS ewaMks
nsf[k;kSA dksbZ ySyk dnsb etuw jS nkbZ HkkVk uh [kk;k vj dksbZ ikjkS nsonkl [kkrj
nk: ih; uh ejhA ?k.kk ?k.kh dbZ la;ksfxrkoka dbZ i`Fohjktka jk Hk[k ys; fy;kA
40
dkt;h
b;wa ekuhtS gS d Hkkjr ekFkS eqfLye vke.k iNS jktkoka lqYrkuka vj

cknlkoka jS gje eka; jkf.k;ka csxeka jh HkhM+ jk[krk gkA fQjkstlkg rqxyd jkS
ea=h edcwy [kka ;k fot; uxj jkS jktk jke b.k jk lcwr crk;k tkoSA i.k b.k
BkSM+ ikNkS xksdq jkS d`L.k ;kn vkoS ft.k dSn lwa NksMk; ?k.kh vH;kxr ukfj;ka uS
bTtr cxlhA b.k [kkrj m.kuS C;kao jkS VksVdkS dj.kks ifM+;kSA gjeka vj jfuoklka
eka; ?k.kh yqxk;ka jkS gkso.kkS vsd cnko gkSA ft.k <ax lwa ldka jS vke.k iNS
vsd vsMh+ gkyr vkbZ gh d ,d ifr jh iphl rd ifRu;ka gq;k djrh ghA D;wa
d ;q/kka jS ika.k iq:lka jh fx.krh fNuhd js;xh gh vj /kjrh jh lkj laHkk bZ
ukfj;ka uS ikj iVd.kh iM+hA vjc vke.k iNS ikNh ok bt gkyr vk; iwxhA
i.k m.k c[kr yqxk;ka jh jkt dkt eSa fdrjh n[ky gh vk ckr vcqy Qty jh
fyf[k;ksMh+ vksf;ka lwa lkQ Bkg iM+AS vcqy Qty cknlkg vdcj jh rkjhQ
djrka fyf[k;kS gS d tqdkS feu[k brjh jkf.k;ka jk dft;k lksjk lksjk lVk; ysoS
oks r; :Ik lwa fgUnqLrku jh cknlkgr bZ lksjh lksjh dj ldS gSA vk ckr rkS
vdcj jh gS i.k vdcj jh /kdyh ih<h jk cknlkg tgkaxhj jkS rkS iwjkS lklu bZ
uwjtgka jS HkjkslS gkSA
vk/k lsj 'kjkc vkSj ,d lsj dckc gkS!
uwjstgka dh lYrur [kwc gks fd [kjkc gkS!
vk ckr tgkaxhj uwjtgka uS jkth jk[k.k uS uh dgh gS i.k jktdkt vj
mRrjkf/kdkj ekFkS uwjtgka jkS fdrjks n[ky gkS b.kjh lk[k rokjh[k jh iksfFk;ka HkjS
gSA uwjtgka vj tgjaxhj jh tksM+h [kkrj ckiM+S lsjvQxku uS izk.kka lwa gkFk /kkso.kk
ifM+;kA iNS /kdyS cknlkg 'kkgtgka jh rkS iwjh mej bZ m.kjh csxe eqerkt jh
rhekjnkjh vj ;knxkjh ika.k bt chrxhA 'kkgtgka jS gst jh gn rkS rkteSgy gS
ft.k jh nqfu;k jk eksVk vpwack lwa vkt bZ gksM gks;jh gSA gkykafd ?k.kk foKkfu;ka
?k.kk vpwack tSM+k dke dj uS vkneh jh tw.k cnnh i.k uh rktegy vkxS gS
D;wa d oks vsd ukjh jh ;knxkjh gSA vkS feu[k ekFkS ukjh jS :rcS jkS iDdks lcwr
gSA b.k jS vykok vk ckr bZ Hkwyht.kh uh pkbtS d eqxydky eka; lrh izFkk ekFkS
jksd yxko.k jks ukjh fgr jkS dke cknlkg vdcj dfj;kS gkS tqdkS vsd iq:l
gkSA izd`fr lwa ukjh vkf[kjdkj eka gSA nwtk ftrjk bZ :Ik gS oS lc vksf<;ksM+k okxk
gSA cgu] iRuh] csVh] HkkstkbZ] dkdh] eklh] rkbZ vS ftrjk bZ uke ukjh /kkfj;k oS
lkjk eka vj ekr`Ro ijksV.k [kkrj bt gSA lkjk :ika eSa eka lek;ksM+h gSA ukjh jkS
:i QwVjkikS vkdlZ.k lkSUn;Z eka :Ik jk y ;kfu vkstkj gSA lqanjh :Ik dksjks eka
c.k.k jkS vMka.k gSA b.k nhB lwa ukjh jkS QwBjkikS m.k jS fg;S ek;a gcksk ysors
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41
eerk jS lean jkS ckjykS nhlrkS psgjkS gSA ft.k <ax lwa ukjh ew :i eSa eka gS m.k
bt <kS m.k jkS ew xq.k eerk gSA eerk eka :i ukjh jkS fuLokFkZ fu"Ny izse
yxko gSA vkS yxko m.k jh larfr jh :[kk ik.k iksl.k vj truk jkSS vMka.k
c.k tkoSA b.k eerk ek;a lxfr jkS v[kwV HkaMkj gSA ft.k jS ika.k vsd NksVkS fcuk
u[kka nkarka jkS tho bZ eknk :Ik [kqqn jk usuk cfp;ka jh :[kk eksVk fgald thoka
lwa dj.k ek;a dke;kc gks; tkoSA b.k eerk ;kfu eka jS gst jS ika.k lzfLV eka;
vky vksykn ;kfu larfr lqjf{kr gSA b.k nhB lwa eka [kqn jh eerk jS ika.k lxfr
:ik gSA ;k nsoh loZ Hkwrs"kq 'kfDr :is.k lafLFkrkA brks bZ uh eka vtj vej
gSA dnsbZ cw<h uh gksoSA dnsb dksbZ larku b;aw uh dgh d Egkjh eka cw<h ;k dq:i
gSA eka larfr jS eu lalkj eka; ljhj :Ik lwa vyksi gq;ka iNS bZ ladV ekspu jS :Ik
eas vej gS!
euksfoKkfu;ka jkS ekau.kks gS d usuks Vkcj tn Hkw[kks frjlks gksoS ;k m.kuS
vc[kkbZ gksoS t.kS vsd VkeS ladV ekspu jkS m.kuS vkHkkl gksoS ok m.k jh eka gq;k
djS gSA lks oks tsM+h rsM+h lkfu;ka lwa m.kuS ;kfu eka uS iqdkj djSA b.k leS bt
vcks/k eu eka; bZLoj jkS tue gksoSA vcks/k eu jS vpsru eka; vk ckr aMh cSB
tkoS d dksbZ lxfr iqdkj.k lwa vk; enn djsykA b.k Hkkar eka jkS vkHkkl eka jS
ljhjh :i lwa vyksi gq;ka iNS bZ iwjh mej thoS ftrjS m.k jS lkFkS cf.k;kS jsoSA b.k
jkS bt uke fo/kh bZLoj xksM [kqnk dha Hkh crk; ldkaA foinkoka tnsbZ feu[k uS
dk;ks djnS tn vkS bZLoj jkS vkHkkl m.k jS lk: lckS lgkjkS c.k tkoSA rkS eka
bZLoj :i eSa feu[k jS eu eka; mtkZ jkS lclwa folky HkaMkj gSA lkjh Hkklkoka eSa
vksNk uke T;wa Fkwa ;k nkm (vaxjsth) ;k rks bZLoj okLrs ;k eka okLrS cksyhtSA vk
ckr feu[k jS eu eSa bZLoj :i eka jS ?k.kh aMh Fkkx rd je.k jh vj m.k lwa
vsdevsd gkso.k jh iDdh lk[k gS!
Hkkjr jk twuk xzUFkka eka; dghft;ks gS d ;k nsoh loZ Hkwrs"kq ekr` :is.k
lafLFkrkA b.k BksM+ ekr` rkS ukjh :Ik bt gS i.k b.k uS Vk u lxrh fo|k /ku :ika
eSa nsoh ;kfu eka ;k ukjh jkS vkgokau djhft;kS gSA vk ckr feu[k jS eu ek;a
vsdevsd jfe;ksM+h cfl;ksM+h gS lks gj rjg jk xq.kka voxq.kka okkS feu[k eka uS
iqdkjSA Ekka uS mRrjnk;h ekuSA vBk rd d dksbZ dsM+kS bZ mc pwc dke dj u eka jS
lkeh tk; ekQh ekaxh tk ldSA T;wa bZLoj lwa ekQh ekaxkaA Ekka bt vsd loZlxfreku
vnkyr gS ftdh m.kuS ekQ dj ldS!
Ckky dgk o` dgk dgk ;qok j.k/khj!
eS;k eS;k dgr gS tc rc vkoS ihj!
42
dkt;h
Xkka/khth tSM+k fpard ukjh jS vcyk gkso.k lwa uVS bUdkj djSA ftdh tue
nso.k okh gS ik.kgkj gS vkuan vj vHk; jh nso.k okh gS ok vck uh gks;
ldS ok lck gSA b.k nhB lwa ukjh vf/kdkjka jk gekj jk ftdk gkdk gS oS dksjk
/kdkslyk gSA ukjh iszfedk ;k iRuh gS ftrs v/kwjh gSA m.k jh iwj.krk eka c.k.k eka;
bt gSA iRuh vsd vf/kdkj gS tqdks fy;ka iNS bZ [kre gks; ldS vj [kksfl;ks tk
ldSA i.k eka ri gS R;kx gS ft.k jkS dksbZ ikj uh gSA dksbZ eka jkS ekr`Ro [kksfl;kS uh
tk ldSA ukjh jh vc[kkbZ lekt jh ft.k dlj jS ika.k gS m.k jh vks[kn ukjhokn
vkj{k.kokn ;k nfyrokn uh gSA ukjh uS gd jh yM+kbZ jS vw>kM+ lwa ckjS dk< u
ri jS ekjx iwj.krk iznku dj.kh gSA feu[k jk ekbrka ek; eka ;k ukjh fljS gSA m.kuS
/kjrh jh miek nhjhtSA Tkue Hkkse uS ekr`Hkwfe Hkklk uS ek;M+ Hkklk ;k ekr`Hkklk
dghtSA jkLV jh vo/kkj.kk ekr`Hkwfe jS :i eS eka jkS izfr:i c.k ukjh jkS opZLo
c[kka.kSA tueHkkse uS dksb fir`Hkwfe uh dsoSA Ekkr`Hkwfe ekFkS fuNkoj gksof.k;k nsl
HkDr eka jkS vkgokau djSA vkS b.k jkS iDdkS lcwr gS d l:okr jh lH;rk
ekr`lRrkRed gh!
rsjk oSHko vej jgs eka ge fnu pkj jgSa u jgSaA
gekj jS c[kr eka; feu[k foKku vj rduhd jh rjDdh jS ika.k ?k.kkSS
vktkn vj lqjf{kr gks; x;kS gSA lekt jS vkljS jh feu[k uS ?k.kh t:jr uh jhA
Lkekt vj dkuwu vsd flLVe&vsd cUnkscLr jkS :i ys; pqdk gSA b.k dkj.k
feu[k jS vkilh yxko eka; fnuksfnu deh vk; jh gSA ukjh jkS eka :i LokFkZ vj
lqHkhrs jS vlj lwa lkadM+S vk; x;kS gSA vkt VsLV&V~;wc csch izh fMtkbu csch
vj lsjksxsV enj jh vo/kkj.kkokaa eka jS izfr:i uS fcdk c.kk; eka jS gst gssr uS
lkadMS+ ?kky fj;ks gSA TkS vko.k okk c[kr eka; ctkj lwa eka gkFk vko.k ykxxh
rkS ukjh jkS ukjh i.kkS fc[kj tkosykA gkykafd Dyksfuax vj fMtkbu csch VsfDud
ekFkS vtsrd fodflr nslka eka; dkuwuh jksd gS i.k lsjksxsV enj ekFkS ?k.kdjk
eqYdka ek;a jksd uh gSA iNS eksVh ckr rks vk gS d fodkl vj c/kkiS uS dkuwu
fdrk d fnu jksd ldsyk\ vS lSax ckrka ukjh jS ukjhi.kS jS HkfoL; ekFkS ?k.kk
loky [kM+k dj fn;k gSA b.k ckr ekFkS ?k.kh aaMh :.k lwa fopkj gkso.kkS pkbtSA
ppp
22
44
fganw vj eqgEenh fganw

lkjs tgka ls vPNk&vk;kZo`r_ Hkkjr_ vk;ZHkkse_ fgUn ;k lk;j bdcky jkS
liukS lkjs tgka ls vPNk fgUnksLrka gekjk&xkSre xka/kh jh Hkkse&lR; vfgalk jS
Qwyka jkS ckxA b.k lkjh miekoka jkS dabZ vjFk gSA b.k lSax ukaeka jkS fd.k lwa vj
dabZ xukS gSA vsdj f=lafor NkiS jk fo}ku laiknd Mk- rst izdkl Hkkj}kt lwa
dksbZ iwfN;ks d fgUnqLrku lcn jh O;qRifr dabZ gS\ tn oS iMwrj fn;ks d ft.k
tkxk fganqvka jkS cklks gS ok tkxk fgUnqLrkuA Tk.kS iwNf.k;S ikNkS iwfN;kS d fganw
fdlh dkSe gS\ tn oS tokc fn;kS d HkbZ fgeky; lwa fg vk[kj fy;kS vj bUnq
;kfu leqnz lwa Unq ys; nksuka jh tksM+ lwa lcn fganw cf.k;kSA rkS dabZ gS d mrjknS
fgeky; vj n[k.kknS lkxj jS fcpS ftdh dkse clS ok fganw ekuhts!
fganw lcn jh vk O;k[;k&Vhdk ?k.kh folky ?k.kh ij?kh gqbZA ?k.kh
O;kidA Mk- rst izdkl Hkkj}kt jS Hkklk Kku jkS vkS peRdkj gkS d moka fganw
lcn uS bt uh fganw feu[k uS bZ ?k.kkS eksVkS vj folky c.kk; fn;kSA i.k ikslk
eka; xqjkalk ftdh ckr crkork gk ok vk gS d fla/kq jS lSM+s usMs+ ftdk feu[k jsos
gS oS fla/kq unh lwa fjLrkS gkso.k jS ika.k fganw dghtSA D;wa d fla/kq uS vkFkw.kk feu[k
fLga/kq dj u cksys ft.k jkS ?klht u lcn fganw c.k x;kS!
pkok HkklkfoKkuh HkksykukFk frokjh vkijh iksFkh Hkklk&foKku Ekka; fyf[k;kS
gS d dksbZ 200&250 cjl iSyk fganh jkS E;kuks mM+nw Hkklk lwa gkS vj fganw Hkkjr jk
eqlyekau dsf;trk gkA vk ckr lkph gS d vkt bZ vjc] bjku] bjkd eka; Hkkjr
jk eqlyekuk uS fganoh ds; u crkoS gSA lk;r b.k jkS dkj.k vkS gS d fla/kq lcn
u ?klht u fganw vkFkw.kS eqyd lwa vkof.k;k bt cksyrk fj;k gSA oSnka eka; ;k
laLd`r izkd`r viHkazl eka; fganh ;k fganw lcn uh yknSA osnka jh Hkklk jkS lcn
fla/kq ;k lIrfla/kq ikjfl;ka jh lclwa twuh /kje iksFkh vosLrk eka; gsanq&fganq vj
gIrfgano fyf[k;ksM+kS yknSA i.k b.k BkSM+ b.k jkS vjFk unh ;k lkr ufn;ka lwa gSA
fganw twuh iksfFk;ka Ekka; dksbZ /kje ;k tkr jS vjFk lwa dnsbZ uh ojrhft;kSA Hkklk jS
dkt;h
:i esa lclwa iSyk ikjlh dfo eqgen vksQh (1242&1325) fyf[k;kS gSA rkS
iNS dq.k gS fgUnw\ b.k jkS bfr;kl dabZ [kqyklkS djS gS\
etgc ugha fl[kkrk vkil esa cSj j[kuk&izkphu osnka jS tekuS esa fganw
lcn rkS uh gkS i.k ftdh dkSe b.k Hkske ekFkS cfl;ksM+h gh m.k ckcr fyf[k;ksM+kS
gSA oS [kqn jS eqyd uS v;kZo`r uke fn;kS gkSA m.k osnka jS tekus jS fganw [kuS
o.kZO;oLFkk ghA ok dkSe lkfgr laLd`fr vj ekynkjh lwa ?k.kh c/kkiS ekFkS ghA
i.k m.k jh ekynkjh m.k dkSe uS dha [kkl rjS jk deZdkMka eka; m>k; fn;k gkA
Iklqcfy] ia[ks:cfy vBkrd ds ujcfy jh dqjhr bZ m.k dkSe esa ?kqlxh ghA b.k
dkj.k xkSre cq/k uS m.k fganw jS lkeh fojks/k dj [kM+kS gkso.kkS ifM+;kSA i.k vkS
fojks/k dksjks lkL=kFkZ okn fookn vj fopkj jS tksj lwa lfV;kSA dBSbZ fgalk ;k
Qkstnkjh jh ukscr uh vkbZA vj oks oSfnd fganw /keZe lj.ke lR;e lj.ke cq/k
fganw c.kx;kSA [kjk[kjh esa vk bt ok vknr gS ft.kus fganw lHkko ds; ldka gkaA
ftdh ckr rdZ cq/kh lwa le> eka; vk; tkoS m.k uS vaxst yso.khA /kje oks gS
tqdkS /kkj.k fd;kS tkoSA rkS cq/k jkS fo:/k okn m.k c[kr jS fganw lekt fcuk tksj
tcjnLrh fcuk [kwu [kjkcS jS dksjh le>kbl lwa vaxst fy;kSA lkFkS lkFkS
ftrsfUnz; egkohj jh iyk;uokn vj ri riL;k bZ pkyrh bt ghA rkS fganqoka jkS
nwtks i[kks tSu fganw bZ vki jh BkSM+ vfgalk jS mapS vklu iwx.k uS [ki fj;kS gkSA
FkksM+kd lbdka eka; oSfnd fganw cks/k fganw vj tSu fganw lkjk vsde vsd gks;
fj;kA b.k lclwa iSyk fganw lekt ik[kaM vj [kVnjl.k jh gxbZ gte dj
pqdks gksA ftdh vk;Z fganqoka jh thok tw.k jh jhrka ikarka gh oS laLd`fr jS :i esa
cph gh vj o.kZ O;oLFkk bZ cph gh ftdh c[kr chfr;ka tkr ikar jkS :i /kkj
fy;ksA i.k /kje oks bt gks ftdks dksbZ /kkj.k dfj;kSA fganw rkS dksjh laLd``fr bt
gh thok tw.k jh dkA /kje uS /kkj.k dj.k uS lc vkiks vkijs ers gk ;kfu iwjk
vktknA Ukk rkS lekt jh tksjkejth gh vj uk jkt jS dkuwu jhA b.k dkj.k b.k
eqyd fganqLrku jh laLd`fr uS estks okh leUo; laLd`fr uke fn;ksMk+ S gSA vk
leUo; okh laLd`fr vkiksvki bZ iwj.k gh ft.k lwa b.k jkS vlj ld] gw.k]
dqlku] xzhd tSM+h vBS vko.k okh lkjh tkfr;ka ekFkS ifM+;ksA vS lkjh feu[k
tkr b.k ek; ?kq fe xbZA [kqqn jS chfr;ksMs+ c[kr uS Hkwy uS [kqn uS b.k eqyd jk
cklh vkt jh Hkklk eSa fganw ekurk eukork x;kA ;wuku jk cklh e[knwfu;k jk
jsof.k;k lkd}hi jk lwjt uS iwtf.k;k [kqn uS lsox ;k lkd}hih czk.k c.kk;
NksfM;kA ekr`lrkRed ijokj uS Hkwy u [kqn jh dq nsfo;ka lesr ld [kqn uS
{kf=;ka jk oalt crk; uS fganw c.k cSBkA vk gks; ldS gS d b.k cnko jkS dkj.k
23
45
ijnsfl;ka eka; b.k eqyd jh ?k.kh aph vj aMh iSB ghA b.k bt Hkkar 'kadjkpk;Z
jkS v}srokn cks/kka lwa 'kkL=kFkZ djrkS fj;ks vj xksj[k eNanj dkikfydka lwa
estks dj cks/k /kkjk uS uoks ckuks isjk; fn;kSA i.k vS lkjk cnko fcuk ;q
muekn jS dksjks fopkjka jS nqa/k jS ika.k vkork x;kA dkj.k vkS gkS d jktlrk /kje
jS ekeys eka; fujfyIr vj fujis{k ghA /kje dksjks vkpj.k vj fopkj lq/kh jkS
lkL= cf.k;ksM+kS gkSA /kje feu[k eka; Lora= lRrk jkS c/kkikS djrkS fj;kSA /kje uS
tRFkkS ;k tekr eku u jktfufr jh xjt lwa HkhM+ Hksh dj.k jkS dke uh gksorS gkSA
dnsbZ uh gq;kSA jktlRrk ekFkS dCtkS dk;e jk[k.k jkS [kkl vMka.k rkS jktk jh
nc jh lxfr bt ghA iNS m.k jh jkt pyko.k jh dwaor dqlrk vj vke
jk;k eka; isB jh ckr U;kjh ghA i.k /kje dnsbZ lRrk jkS vMka.k uh c.kk;kS x;kSA
ge cqycqysa gSa bldh&rkS czk.k] cks/k] tSu] ld] gw.k] ukFk] lSo] lkDr]
vj iNS oSL.ko] nlukeh lEiznk;ka jkS vkS xqylu vkijh cqycqyka jkS vkljkS
cf.k;ksM+kS ijnsfl;ka uS bZ v.kwrkS eksgrkS gkSA iNS vBkjh vkdwr ghek.kh ?k.kka uS
[khap u b.k ckx ek; yko.k jkS dkj.k c.kxhA b.k c[kr bLyke jkS vko.kkS b.k
Hkkse ekFkS vsd ekssVS vke.k lwa gq;kSA cnko vj c/kkiS jS ika.k fur uoks :Ik /
kkjf.k;k vBkjk cklh vsd uoS cnko jh ckV tks; fj;k gk!
xksjh] xtuh] vjc] rkrkj] xqyke] rqxyd] vQxku vj eqxy [kkl dj
uS vBkjh vkdwr /ku lEifr uS ywV.k jh /kkj u vk;k gkA ?k.kdjk ywV jkS eky ys;
u ikNk Bsdk fn;kA lkseukFk jh fgek.kh vj ukyUnk jS Kku jS HkaMkj uS ywVf.k;k
eqxyka jh lRrk lwa iSyk [kqn jh lYrur dk;e dj.k jk [okc bZ nsf[k;k gkA
rkrkj] xqyke] f[kyth] rqxyd vj vQxkuka tsMk+ ywV vj lYrur jk fnokauk uS
vBkjh turk paxst rsewj jS :Ik esa vks[krh ghA moka jh b.k vks[k jkS vsd
dkj.k moka jkS mueknh lHkko bZ cf.k;ksA i.k rks bZ vBkjh ekVh jS vlj lwa moka jkS
muekn bZ lkUr gq;kS vj iNS vBkjS cnko jS okrkoj.k jS vlj lwa vka uS [kqn uS
cn.kks ifM+;ksA vS bt oS feu[k gk ftdka lclwa iSyk [kqnjh tkr jkS fganw uke
fn;ksA /kdyS c[kr vS brjk cn x;k d ftdk eaxksy [kqn jS C;kao [kkrj
chuf.k;ka eaxksfy;k lwa rsM+rk gk moka jh vksyknka vBkjk ckfl;ka jS ?kjs lueu
fd;kA fgan uS thr.k jk [okc ns[kf.k;ks eqxy ckcj [kqn jS olh;r jS c;ku
eka; vkijh vksykn uS b.k BkSM+ xk; ekj.k lwa ikcan dfj;kA ;kfu fgan jS cxsj.kS
ix /kjrka bZ cnko jkS ok;jkS ykx x;kSA m.k ckcj jS csVs gwek;aw fpRrksM+ jh jka.kh
djekorh jS vBkjh jhr jS eqtc jk[kM+h cka/k HkkbikS fd;ks vj :[kk jk cpu
46
dkt;h
fn;kA rsewjyax jkt dkt eka; ?k.kkS c[kr nso.k [kkrj vkijS tSuh ij/kku jh jk;
lwa glu gqlsu jh fltnk jk ljktke rkft;k Bk; u b.k BkSM+ bt dfj;kA vk cqr
iwtk gh ftdh bLyke eka; oftZr gS i.k lkFkS lkFkS cnko bZ gkSA vks bLyke eka;
cnko gkS tqdkS eqgEenh fganw jkS :i ys; fj;kS gkSA fganh jk twuk dfo efyd
eksgEen tk;lh jh vsd vk/;kre dFkk ft.k eka; vkrek :ih ine.kh jkS gj.k
lalkj jh o`fr;ka djS gS uS c.kkoVh bfrgkl jkS :Ik ns; uS vsfl;k jS lclwa ykaBS
lqYrku vYykmhu f[kyth uS wj crko.k jk ljktke ?k.kk ekSM+k gq;kA vkS
c.kkoVh bfr;kl ?k.kkS ekSM+ks fyf[kft;ks lk;r 17osa lbdS eSaA m.k lwa iSyk rkS
vYykmhu f[kyth Hkkjr eka; jktfurh jkS vsdkS ykof.k;ks lclwa ykaBkS lqYrku
gkSA lkoZtfud forj.k O;oLFkk vj HkzLVkpkj fujks/k tSM+k ?k.kk dke lclwa iSyk
Hkkjr eSa vYykmhu f[kyth dfj;k gkA brjkS bZ uh f[kyth jkS ij/kku vsd tSuh
izlkld gkS ft.k jh jk; lwa f[kyth n[k.k jS czk.k lezkV jkepUnz uS lksuS jks N=
cxlhl dj u lueku lwa jkthukek fd;k gkA b.k eqyd jh ekVh eka; cnko
lka;fr vfgalk tSM+h phtka jfe;ksM+h ns[k uS eqfLye vksfy;k Qdhjka uS bZ vk /
kjrh nk; vkbZA eksbuwnhu fpLrh futkeqnhu vksfy;k vj efyd eksgEen tk;lh
tSMk+ larka b.k BkSM+ vkijh tkte tekbZA eqgEenh fganqoka jh U;kjh vks[kk.k oM+nq
;k mM+nq Hkklk jkS tue b.k tkxk fganqoka jS cnko lHkko jS ika.k gq;kSA /kdyk nks;
lbdka ek;a mM+nq vsd lkarjh ekynkj Hkklk jkS :Ik ys; fy;ksA twuS Hkkjr jk
lkL=h; laxhr uS vaosj uS uokS :Ik nso.k jkS dkae bZ eqqgEenh fgnqoka dj crk;kSA
fea;k jh rksM+h fea;k jh eYgkj tsM+h uoh jkxka jh jpuk twus Hkkjr jk laxhr uS
laHkk laokj uS djhA xko.kkS ctko.kkS bLyke eka; v;klh ekuhtS i.k b.k Hkkse
jk eqlyekuka v;klh uS ri riL;k lk/kuk jkS :Ik ns; fn;kSA vYykmhu f[kyth
jkS dfj;ksM+ks vsdhdj.k /kdyh /kekpksdM+h lwa fc[kj x;kS i.k vdcj egku
[kqn jh dwaor lwa vsdhdj.k jkS MadkS ikNkS ctk;kSA iNS /kje jS estks jh uoh
felky dk;e djhA nhus bykgh m.k c[kr jkS vsd uokS /kje eqgEenh fganqoka jh
bZtkn ghA ft.k lwa Bkg iMs+ d b.k nsl eka; fopkj vj lkL=ka lwa cnko vdcj
uS fdrjkS nk; vk;kSA b.k bt c[kr cnko jkS vsd nkSj /kqj vkFkw.kS eqyd fla/k
eka; fuxS vkoSA m.k BkSM+ m.k tkxk jh Hkklk fala/kh jh yka/kzh fyih uS cn uS
vjch eka; fy[k.k jkS dkae flaf/k;ka iksk;kSA i.k ckj[kM+h lkxS bt yka/kzh okh
bt jk[khA vkS bt c[kr gkS tn fganqoka ekaa; vsd uoh tkr fl[kka jkS tue gq;kSA
b.k jS iNS xq: ukud psrU; egkizHkq ehjka lwjnkl rqylhnkl tSM+k vLVNki jk
dfo;ka vj /kjenwrka jh gx jS ika.k eqgenh fganqoka ek;a bZ vsd uoh :.k jkS
24
47
tue gq;kSA jl[kku jghe rktchch dchj tsM+k eqqgenh fganw vBkjh estks
okh laLd`fr jk vkxhoka.k gq;kA iNS eqxy cknlkg rkS lkpk.kh jk eqgenh fganw
bt gkA fd.k jkS rkS ekekS jktiwr rkS fd.k jkS lkkS {kf=;A
i.k nsl jkS jktfufrd vsdVi.kkS ?k.kk NksVh NksVh tkxhjka jk tkxhjnkjka uS
pqfc;kSA ?k.kh fj;klrka jk jktkoka vsdVi.kS uS [kqn jh vktknh eka; [kyy n[ky
le>hA b.k dkj.k fprkSM+ cwanh dksVk tks/kiqj tSMh+ fj;klrka okjokj eqxy lRrk jS
lkeh c[ksM+k [kM+k dfj;kA [kqn jS c[ksM+ka uS U;k; jh yM+kbZ lkfcr dj.k lk:
xSj eqfLye tkrka eka; /kje jh yM+kbZ jkS ckukS isjk; fn;kS x;kSA lkph ckr rkS vk
gS d vkS lRrk la?klZ gkS /kje ;q/k uh gkSA b.k jktkoka lkFkS eqxyka jk nqleh
vQxku vj flaa/kh eqlyeku eqxyka lwa yfM+;k gkA gkfde [kka lwj fprkSM+ jh lsuk
ek; rksi VqdM+h jkS ij/kku gkSA eqxyka jS dsM+sbZ >xM+S us xSjeqfLyeka ekFkS geykS
crk; uS eqgenh fganqoka uS cnuke dj.k jh [kqjkikrka dksbZ rhu lkS cjlka rd
pkyrh jsbZA b;wa gkdkS dfj;kS x;kS d vykmhu v.kwrkS wj vj vkrkrkbZ gkSA m.k
cke.kka jh gR;koka djhA lkpkbZ rkS vk gh d oks dkuwu jkS djM+kS gkSA vQokg
QsykbZ d eksgksen xksjh i`Fohjkt lwa lrjS okj gkfj;kS vj i`Fohjkt m.kuS ekQ
dfj;kS i.k m.k [kqn vsd okj thr uS bZ i`Fohjkt uS NksfM;kS uhA gdhdru rkS
xksjh vj i`Fohjkt jh yM+kbZ rkS vsd okj bt gqb ghA vdcj uojksstka eka;
jktkoka jh jkf.k;ka uS cqykoS gSA i.k uojkstk rkS vBkjk uksjrka jS nkbZ Qkjfl;ka jkS
vsd R;ksagkj gq;k djrkS gkSA b.k ckr jh v.kns[kh djhth d vdcj oSL.ko
lU;klh jfFkunkl jkS ?k.kkS eku jk[krkS gkSA vj m.k jk [kkl njckjh chjcy] jktk
ekufla?k] VksMjeYy vj rkulsu tSM+k ?k.kk fo}ku eqlyeku uh gkA b;wa gkdkS
dfj;kS d tgkaxhj xq: rsxcgknqj uS rM+Qk; uS ekfj;kA i.k ckr rkS vk gh d
rsxcgknqj uS ekj.k jkS dkjukeks rkS [k=h panwyky dfj;kS ft.k jS rsxcgknqj lwa dksbZ
futq ijokj jks >xM+kS gkSA tgkaxhj rkS rsxcgknqj jS gqde lwa eksVk dSfn;ka uS NksM+
fn;k gkA vkSjaxtsc ckcr vsM+kS >wBkS gkdkS djhft;kS d m.k czk.kk jh gR;koka
djkbZ i.k vk ckr ckjS uh vkbZ d vsd <ksaxh eqfLye Qdhj tqdkS crkorkS gkS d
m.k [kuS gtjr eksgEenlkg jh futq phtka gS jS f[kykQ dkuwuh dk;ZokbZ djh ghA
vk ckr bZ Nqikb xbZ d m.k egkjkLV eka; egknso jS ehanj jh tksr lk: jkt
[ktkuS lwa lun nh ghA vj dkcqy eka; lY;klh eBka jh xwnM+h [kjp lk: tkxhj
cxlh ghA vsM+k ?k.kk xSj eqfLye tkr [kkrj dfj;ksM+k dkaeka uS yqdk; uS jk;k
eka; cSj jk cht fc[ksfj;k x;kA ts nqxkZnkl uS ;kn djka rkS Bkg iM+S d vksjaxtsc
48
dkt;h
jh iksrjh jkBksM+ka jS ?kjS ih i.k m.k jh Hk.kkbZ xq.kkbZ bLyke dk;ns eqtc gqbZA vS
ckrka vBkjh estks jh laLd`fr jk [kjk lcwr gSA b.k jS ika.k bt feu[kka jh thok
tw.k jh xkMh xqM+d jsbZ gSA m.k c[kr jk lkjk /keZ xq:oka fganqoka uS cnko jk xqj
fl[kk;kA dk;e[kkath lwa tkackth rd estks cnko.k jh [kir fd;ka x;kA
lSax tk.kS gS d dk;e[kkauh eqlyekuka jS /kje eka; xk; jh j{kk dj.k jh vk[kM+h
vsd [kkl ckr gSA ftdh ckr eqxy ckcj crkbZ gh m.kuS dk;e[kkfu;ka lko
vaxsthA
vj vk;kS fQjaxh&eqxyka jkS BjdkS ekskS ifM+;ka iNS Hkkjr jkS jktikV
[kfc[k gkso.k ykxkSA n[k.kkns nsl eka; ejkBk lwjt fx;kSA ejkBk jkt Hkkjr
jh jk;k lk: ywVikV [kko.k [kksl.k jkS cUnkscLr lkfcr gq;kSA flaf/k;k HkksalyS ;k
gksYdj lRrk gM+i.k lk: ft.k eqlyekuka uS diVh vj wj crkork gk moka bt
eqlyeku fiaMkfj;ka uS /kzqo eqyd uS ywV.k jkS vMka.k c.kk; fn;kSA 1761 bZvgenlkg vCnkyh jS lkFkS Iyklh jS >xM+S iNS ejkBk jkt jkS [kkRekS gks; x;kSA
/kdyk lkS cjlka rd fczVsu jh bLV bafM;k dEiuh feu[ki.kkS /keZ laLd`fr lcuS
rkd eSa jk[k u jktlRrk jS c Hkkjr jh ekynkjh uS ywV uS baxys.M jkS [ktkukS
Hkj.k jkS feu[kekj /ka/kkS djrh jsbZA ywVf.k;kS feu[kka jh futjka lkeh uh nhlrkS
i.k csfglkc jk{klh ywV gks; jh ghA fQjafx;ka eqyd jh jk;k uS vkil ek;
yM+k; u ywV.k jS cUnkscLr uS etcwr dj.k jk v.kwrk dki dfj;kA lsoV 1857
eSa eqgenh fganw lesr iwjh fganw dkse vaxzstka jS f[kykQ >xM+kS ekafM;kSA kafr
gks;xhA b.k kafr eka; vaxzstka [kkl dj u eqgEenh fganqoka uS lkld vj vU;k;h
lkfcr dj nwtk fganqoka jkS lkaxks yso.k jk iwjk dki dfj;kA eqlyekuka uS ?k.kk
rf;kA cknlkg jk Vkcjka uS m.k jS lkeh dry dj u mokajk ekFkk HksaV p<k;kA
b.k >xM+s eka; vaxzstka fganw dkSe eSa ?k.kk cSj jk cht fc[ksfj;kA ?k.kh dkyZekDlZ
tsM+k fpardka b.k kafr uS ljcgkjk jh kafr crkbZ i.k fNU;k d xSjeqfLye
flik;ka vj fl;klrh jktkoka v.kphrs LokjFk jS ika.k vaxzstka jkS lkFk fn;kSA b.k
lkFk jS cwrS vaxzstka HksnHkko jk cht fc[ksj u kafr dqpy nhA gkykafd b.k kafr
jkS fljt.kgkj rkS m.k c[kr jkS cksikjh rcdkS gkS ft.k fQjafx;ka jh furh jS ekQd
?k.kh vQokoka mMk; uS kafr djk; nhA vsd mnkgj.k vsfUQYM jkbQy jkS gSA
b.k jkbQy jS dkjrwl ekFkS dksbZ phd.kh ysbZ fyifV;kM+h jsorh gh ft.klwa oks BaMks
jsoS vj xje gks; QkVS uhA b.k ysbZ jS Hkfj;ksM+s yisVS uS dkjrwl p<kof.k;ks [kqn jS
ewaMs eSa ?kky u mrkjrksA D;wa d m.kjk nksuksbZ gkFk rkS jk;Qy idM+.k eSa bt iwjk
25
49
gks; tkorkA rkS vsM+h vQokg mMkbZ d m.k ekFkS ykxksM+h phd.kh ybZ xk; vj
lwvj jh pjch jkS Hksf;kss gSA geSa ns[kka d lwj vj xk; nksuka jh pjch jS Hksf;s
jh ckr mBkbZ ft.k lwa fganw vj eqgEenh fgaanw nksukabZ dkse jk flikgh HkM+d tkosA RkkS
vsM+k iSarjk ftdk vaxzst pykork gk oS vBkjk cksikfj;ka pyk;kA vkS bt dkj.k
gkS d vaxzstka uS >xM+S jS iNS fganw lekt ekFkS jkt dj.k lk: ?k.kh >h.kh nhB lwa
vBkjh laLd`fr jh tk.kdkjh yso.k jh t:jr iM+hA b.k [krj 1881 bZLoh eSa
Hkkjr jh feu[k fx.krh djhthA iNs 1901 bZLoh jh feu[k fx.krh eSa isyhokj
eqlyekuka jkS ukae fganw cn u eqlyeku fy[khft;ksA vj fl[k] cks/k] tSu]
ikjlh] bZlkbZ vka lSaxka uS U;kjk U;kjk fx.k uS fyf[k;kA eryc vkS d fganw eka;
nks; QkaVk dj u nwtksMs+ QkaVS ek;aa bZ QkaVk ?kky.k jh dykdkjh djhthA [kkl dj
u fl[kka lk: vsd U;kjh vks[k mdsjhthA ba;w fopkj gq;ks d vsd vsM+h dkSe
gS ftdh vsd U;kjh ixM+h cka/kS ljhj ekFkS iwjk dsl jk[kS vj iwjh yM+kdw gSA rkS
b.kuS fganqoka lwa U;kjh djnka rkS fganw jh rkdr eksh iM+ tkosykA iNS vaxzst b.k
dkjukeS lwa dha gn rd dke;kc fj;kA rkS [kkfyLrku jkS [kwuh [kkMks vaxzstka jkS
[kksfn;ksM+kS gSA b.k jS ckotwn fl[k laLd`fr vj /kje dje lwa fganqoka jS ?k.kk usM+k
gk lks fuiV U;kjkS dj.kks c.k uh vk;kSA
b.k Hkkar fganqoka jh feu[k fx.krh vj mokauS Hk.kko.k jh vaxzsth jhrka
fczfVl lRrk uS etcwr dj.k jk liuk vaxzstka uS ns[kkorh jsbZA nwth dkuh [kqn jS
lHkko vj ijaijk jS ika.k fganw tekr uokS ilokM+kS Qsj fj;ks gkSA eqgEenh fganw
Hkklk lk;jh laxhr jS lkFkS uokch dka.k dqjc lwa uoS BjdS jkS /k.kh c.k pqdkS gkSA
dsbZ fcfLeYykg [kku ctjaxcyh jS feUnj ek;a lgukbZ ctko.k ykxk rkS ?k.kk
lkdj[kku ldwj[kku rqylh dchj lwjnkl ehjka jk Hktu xkko.k ykxkA dsbZ
vYykgftykb ckbZ yksd laxhr uS uokS :i nso.k jS dke eka;a ykx pqdh ghA
fetkZ xkfyc tsM+k ?k.kk lk;j vBkjh [kko.k iho.k jh vknrka jS eqtc [kqn uS
vk/kk eqlyeku crkork fj;kA ?k.kk cMS+ fe;k xqyke vyh[kka] vyh vdcj[kka]
fe;k jh rksM+h fe;k jh eYgkj jS :Ik esa Hkkjr jS twuS laxhr uS uokS tkekS isjk; fj;k
gkA i.k vS lc iwjk eqgEenh fganw gk b.kesas dha tksanks uh gSA vj nwth dkuh jktk
jke eksgujk; tSM+k egk iq:l czg~e lekt ;k vkReh; lekt jS ika.k fganw uS uokS
c/kkiS okkS :Ik nso.k jh [kir dj fj;k gkA lrhizFkk uS jksd.k jkS dkuwu jktk
jkeeksgujk; baxysaM tk; u ikfjr djk; u yk;kA m.k tekuS eSa baxysaM tko.k eSa
dksbZ N% eb.kk ykx tk;k djrk gkA fganw uokS ilokM+kS Qsfj;kSA ohj Hkklk
50
dkt;h
jktLFkakuh iNS mM+nw vj [kM+h cksyh eSa badykc jh vka/kh xwat.k ykxhA /kdyk
fnuka fganw lekt eka; vk;Z lekt jS :Ik esa vsd uokS cnko vk;kSA vk;Z lekt
jh ckrka vj bLyke jk mlwyka eka; dha ?k.kks Qjd uh gSA ftdh ckr gtjr
bczkfge [kqn jS vCck uS iwNh gh d vkS cqr EgkjkS HkykS dhdj djsyk ok lkxS bt
ckr Lokeh n;kuan vkijS firk uS iwNh d vk HkkVS jh ewjr EgkjkS dY;k.k dhadj
djsykA eqgEenh fganqokaa uS bZ vk;Z lekt b.k /kjrh jh fuit crkbZA ?k.kh twuh
:f<;ka vj v.kphrh ckrka lwa lkQ fonzksg dj fn;kSA b.k c[kr fQjaxh jkt
fganqoka jS b.k cnko lHkko lwa lkopsr gks; x;kSA vj HksnHkko jh dkuwuh dVkj
pyko.kh ekaMhA eqlyeku cknlkoka] uokcka vj lqYrkuka jk xSj eqfLye dkseka
lkFks vU;ko jk dkjukek >wBk lkpk fdLlka jkS gkdkS rkS ekstwn gkS bt iNS fQjaxh
uS HksnHkko jh [ksrh jh pks[kh tehu gkFk vk;xhA ykjyk ipkl cjlka rd yksHk
ykyp vj nwtk mUeknh rjhdka lwa fganw dkSe uS ckaV.k jh [kqjkikrka gksorh jsbZA vsd
dkjukekS caxky uS rksM.+ k jkS gq;ksA fganw dkuwu eka; fganw vj eqgEenh fganqoka uS U;kjk
jk[k.k jk bZ dke gq;kA i.k m.k jh vnhB iM+rka m?kM+rh jsbZA T;wa fganw dkuwu eka;
fganw jh ftdh ifjHkklk gS m.keSa [kks[kyki.kkS lkQ fuxS vkoSA b;wa fyf[k;kM+ks gS
d ftdk czg~ek foL.kq egsl uS ekauS ehanj tkoS ewfrZiwtk djS oS fganw ekfu;k tkoS!
b.k ifjHkklk eka; iSyh FkksFkh ckr rkS vk gS d czg~ek uS ekuf.k;k czkg~e.k
gS foL.kq uS ekuf.k;k oSL.ko gS vj egsl uS ekuf.k;k lSo ;k egsLojh gSA iNS ?k.kk
fganw cq/k uS bZ foL.kq jkS vorkj ekauSA tSu vkfnukFk egknso uS eakuSA vj ewfrZiwtk
cks/k bZ djS tSfu;ka jkS vsd rcdkS ehanj ekxhZ gSA b.k lcuS Vk u fganqoka jkS lclwa
uokS :i vk;Zlekt ewfrZiwtk uh djSA oS ewfrZiwtk uS /kdkslykS crkoSA i.k ftdk
fganqoka jh ckr dkuwu jh fdrkc dj jh gS moka esa vklZlekt jh ?k.kh iSB gSA fganqoka
eka; ?k.kh tekrka ewfrZiwtk uh djSSA foLuksbZ] fujadkjh] ukFk] dchjiaFkh] nlukeh]
mfn;klh tSM+h ?k.kh tekrka ehanj ekxhZ uh gS!
rkS b.k Hkkar dkuwu fganw jh ifjHkklk c.kko.k eka; ukdke;kc gSA vkS dkuwu
dksjkS eqgEenh fganqoka uS nwtk fganqoka lwa U;kjk jk[k.k jkS iM+iap gSA vkS dkuwu vsd
dYiuk jkS fganw Bk; u [kM+kS dj fn;kS ft.k jkS gdhdr lwa dha rYykscYyks uh gSA
iNS eqgEenh fganqoka jkS jgu lgu] [kku iku] jhr fjoktka eka; iwjh rjg lwa Hkkjr
jh laLd`fr fyifV;ksMh+ gSA b.k ckr uS dkuwu okk fganqi.kS jkS vlj crkoS&bEisDV
vkQ fganqbTeA tn fganw uke jkS dksbZ /kje bZ uh gS tn bEisDV vkQ fganqbTe
dhadj gq;kSA dkuwu jh b.k detksjh lwa fganw dkSe ?k.kh okj vc[kkbZ eSa vk; tkoSA
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51
lSax tka.kS gS d rkft;s jkS R;ksagkj iku jkS [kko.kkS Hkkjr jkS laxhr vj mM+nw Hkklk
Hkkjr jh /kjrh jh fuit gS ftdh eqgEenh fganqoka iwjh rjg lwa vaxst yh gSA i.k
vS bLyke jS [kkds eka; uh gSA ?k.kh jhrka ikarka C;kaao c/kkok lhj laLdkjka eka;
Hkkjr jk eqlyeku dksjk Hkkjr jk bt fuxS vkoS ;kfu eqgEenh fganw&iNS b;ka uS b.k
eqyd jh ekVh lwa U;kjk dj.kk] U;kjk le>.kk] U;kjk jk[k.kk b;ka lkFkS vU;ko gSA
i.k vkS vU;ko gks; fj;ks gSA [kir dfj;ka iNsbZ ftdkS dke vktknh jh yM+kbZ
nkSjku vaxzst uh dj lfd;k oks Hkkjr jk eqlyekuka uS Hkkjr esa ijk;k jk[k.k jkS
/ka/kks ykjyk cjlka lRrk jk Hkw[kk usrkoka dj crk;kSA ikfdLrku jkS [kkdks 1940
eqfLye yhx jS ykgksj vf/koslu eka; lkeh vk;kS gkS i.k eqYdijLrh eqgEenh
fganqoka b.k ekFkS fxukj bZ uh djhA i.k lRrkijLrh jS yksHk lwa vsd jkr eka; [kwu
[kjkcs jkS bfr;kl fy[kht x;kSA ikfdLrku uke jkS vkS rkl jkS ?kj ?k.kk fnu
fVd.k jkS rkS loky bZ uh gks lks caxkyh iatkch jh yM+kbZ lwa bZ fc[kj x;ksA i.k
[kku vCnqYy xQkj [kku jk lcnka eSa lRrk jk Hkw[kk usrkoka vsd iwjh dkSe uS
gjesl lk: eqlhcr eka; Ugka[k fn;kA
Hkkjr eka; gksof.k;k ykjyk lkjk pq.kko vk ckr lkfcr djS gS d Hkkjr
eka;a jsof.k;kS gj vsd feu[k iSyk Hkkjrcklh gS iNS dksbZ /kje /kkjhA D;wa d vkt
rd dksbZ pq.kko eka; dksbZ /kjeoknh ;k etgch ikjVh thr.kks rkS vk?kM+kS x;kS
vkijkS uke bZ uh fy[kk; ldhA b.k bt Hkkar caVokjS jh uhao eSa ik.kh nsof.k;k
ftdk bZ gk etgcijLr moka jS ykjS vke vkneh rkS dnsbZ uh gkfy;kSA vj uh moka
jh gsfl;r ikfdLrku c.kko.k jh ghA ft.k jS cycwrS ikfdLrku cf.k;kS oks l[l
eksgEenvyh ftUuk xrksbZ etgcijLr uh gkSA dk;ns vkte iwjk oruijLr gkA
vktknh jk vkxhoka.kk jk ?k.kk eqdnek fczfVl ljdkj jS f[kykQ oS vsdyka
yfM+;kA eksVh ckr rkS vk gS d mokajS lHkko jsg.k lg.k esa [kku iku eka; ?k.kh
ckrka vsM+h gh d moka uS etgcijLr dso.kks cstk ckr gSA gkykafd oS iwjk
eqgEenh fganw gk i.k lRrk ijLrh jh jktfufr mokauS etgcijLrka jk ennxkj
c.kk; fn;kA vj oS ikd jS ukikd fujek.k jk dj.kgkj c.k x;kA ikfdLrku jkS
fujek.k eqgEenh fganqoka uS fujklk jh [kkbZ eka; tk; Ugkf[k;kA [kku vCnqYyxQkj
[kku tSM+k eqgEenh fganw uS dSo.kks ifM+;kS d Hkkjr EgkauS HksfM+;ka jS /kdS /kdsy
fn;kA
brjkS gksorka Fkdka bZ vsd ckr pks[kh gqbZ d Hkkjr [kqn jh twuh ijaijk uh
NksMh vj vkS nsl /kjefujis{k lEizHkqrk okkS jkLV cf.k;kSA vQlksl rkS b.k ckr
52
dkt;h
jkS gS d fczfV'k dkuwu jh HksnHkko jh dVkj vktkn Hkkjr jS lafo/kku eka; bZ lsa/k
iVdnhA ft.k ika.k jkLVh; usrkoka jS fojks/k jS ckotwn vYila[;d vkfnoklh
vuqlwfpr vxM+k fiNM+k tSM+k uke jk[k uS HksnHkko jk cht fc[ksj fn;kA iNS
[kqnxtZ usrkoka jh djLrkuh lwa vU; fiNM+k oxZ tSMk+ ukeka lwa Hksn eka; Hksn jk cht
vktknh jS lkB cjlka iNS bZ ikuM+ht fj;k gSA vYila[;d uke lwa lclwa T;knk
vlj eSa vk;k eqgEenh fganw iSyk bZ ikfdLrku jS fujek.k lwa [kqn jS ?kj eka; ijk;k
gq;ksMk+ gk mij lwa fganqoka jkS vkS rcdkS esgurdl vj ?k.kdjk xjhcka jkS gSA fganw jh
uok/kh ckrka vS vtS uh vaxst lfd;kA tkr ikar Hk.kkbZ jh deh vU/kfoLokl vka
eka;a gS T;wa gSA ljdkj [kuS vka jS c/kkis jkS dksb iDdkS cUnkscLr uh gSA ts c/kkis
jS uke ekFkS dha djS rkS eqYyk eksyoh vkMk fQj.k uS R;kj mck jsoSA vsdevsd
Hkkjr jh estks okh laLd`fr bt b;ka jkS lgkjkS cf.k;ksM+h gSA b.k gkyrka eka;a
bZ jktfufrd ikjfV;ka dnsbZ b;kajkS fojks/k dj.k jk vj dnsbZ b;ka uS jkth dj.k jk
dqp pykorh jsoSA nwth fganw tkrka uS b;ka jS f[kykQ HkM+dkoS vj vka uS nwtk
fganqoka lwa MjkoSA b.k dkj.k lwa eqgEenh fganw jkLVh; /kkjk jS uke ekFkS [kqnjS
:[kk jS tqxkkM+ lwa vkxS uh tk ldSA [kqn jS :[kk uS Vk u jkLVh;rk b;ka
lk: v.ktk.kkS lcn gSA jkLV jS c/kkis eka; b;ka jh Hkkxhnkjh dksjkS oksV nso.kkS bt
gSA eqyd jk feu[kka jS ,d ij?kS rcdS jh vk gkyr fopkj.k tksx gSA eqgEenh
fganqoka uS c/kkiS jkS ekjx crko.kkS nsl jS vsdVi.ks jh iSyh ljr gSA uh rks 18
gtkj lEiznk; vj 23 yk[k tkfr;ka okS b.k eqyd uS cVdk cVdk dj uS bZ
vsd jk[k.kkS c.k uh vkosyk!
jke jghe jS uke ekFkS fur mBf.k;S mUekn jS tSj uS geS b.k eqyd jh jk;k
uS gte dj.kkS iM+sykA jktuhfr jk :f;kj [kqn jS fNU;sd LokjFk [kkrj b.k
vxu uS okj okj psrko.kh uh NksMsykA ehUnj efLtn uS Hkwy u dEI;wVj vj Lisl
dkuh >kad.kkS gSA iwjh dkSe jS lkFkS lkFkS eqgEenh fganqoka jS c/kkiS vj Hk.kkbZ xq.kkbZ
ekFkS iwjkS /;ku nso.kkS t:jh gSA moka uS dksjkS oksV cSad c.kk; u eksy Hkko dj*j
fcd.k okh HkhM+ le>.kkS moka lkFkS rkS vU;ko gS bt i.k iwjS eqyd lk:
uqDlk.k jkS dke gSA vk ckr lkph gS d laLd`fr jS vsdVi.kS jS ika.k b.k nsl jh
vke jk;k vktknh iNS bZ jkLVi.kS jh Hkkoukoka c.kk;ka jk[kh gSA jktfufr okka jk
?k.kk dkika iNS bZ feu[kka ekFkS etgch ;k lkEiznk;h jax uh pf<;kSA etgch
[kqjkikrka jk lSax dki ukdke fj;kA b.k dkj.k lkEiznk;h djkekrka uS vkrad jkS
lgkjkS yso.kkS iM+ fj;kS gSA vj :f;kj jktfufr vkrad jk bZ jax c[kk.k.kk
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53
ekafM;k gSA T;wa HkxokS vkrad gjks vkrad vj lclwa U;kjks yky vkradA Hkkjr jS
fopkj njl.k esa vijk/kh vj vkradh Bkyk Hkwyk HkVfd;ksMk+ feu[k gSA oS n;k jk
gdnkj gS ?k`.kk jk Hkxhnkj uh gSA iNS ft.kuS /kje tq/k ;k ftgkn uke fn;ks gS oks
lkjk /kjek eka; vsd T;wa bt gSA i.k oks gdhdru [kqn :[kk jkS lclwa ykjykS
vMka.k gSA tn le>kbl lkafr jk lkjk mik; ukdke gks; tkoS flok; tq/k jS dksbZ
ekjx uh cpS t.kS vkre j{kk lk: tsgkn jh ckr fopkjhtSA vsMS+ c[kr tsgkn jh
?k.kh efgek ekuhtSA T;wa xhrk eka; fyf[k;ks gS d
grkS ok izkIL;fl LoxZ ftRok ok eks{kls eghe
rLeknqfrLB dkSUrs; ;q/kk; d`r fuLpk;%
ft.k jkS vjFk gS d v/kje jS lkeh ;q/k dj m.kek; dke vko.k lwa FkuS
LoxZ jh izkfIr gksosyk vj thr x;kS rkS /kjrh ekFkS jkt djsykA b.k [kkrj gs
vjtqu Fkwa ;q/k djA vk bt ckr dqjku ikd jh lwjk 9 vk;r 111 esa fy[khth
gS&
csld vYykg bZeku okka lwa mokajk izk.k vj eky tUur jS cnS [kjhn
fy;k gSA oS vYykg jS ekjx lwa yMS] RkkS ejS vj ekjS moka lk: tUur r; gSA
(dqjku lwjk 9 vk;r 111)
b.k Hkkar uk rkS xhrk jkS lyksd yM+kbZ >xMS+ lk: fy[khft;ks gS vj uk b
vk vk;r c[ksM+S lk: dghth gSA i.k v.ktk.k vle> fHkM+fd;ksMk+ HkVfd;ksMk+
b.k ckrka jkS vujFk dj.k ykxS rkS m.k jkS mik; rkS le>kbl bt gSA jktfurh
okk [kqn jS LokjFk vj xSj tqEesokjh jS ika.k feu[kka uS HkM+dko.k jk dke fd;ka
tkoS yM+k;ka c/kk;ka tkoSA fganw laLd`fr jkS vk/kkj fopkj vj cnko gS ft.k jS
ikaa.k fganw laLd`fr vkt rd thorh gSA fganw laLd`fr esa /kjekU/krk] eksgkU/krk]
yksHkkU/krk] dkekU/krk jS dkj.k fopkj lwu ckij.k jh ckr dghth gSA fopkjlwu
iru jkS ekjx gSA vkS /kjekU/k muekn <c.kkS bt pkghtSA Tks iwNyka d nks gtkj
cjlka lwa [kM+h gh ok egkRek cq/k jh ewjrh m.kuS dksbZ vksfy;k Qdhj eqYyk
eksyoh jS ext esa Hkkax.k jh ckr uh vkbZ iNS eqYyk mej uS m.kuS Hkkax.k jh D;wa
lw>h vj m.k ewjrh uS Hkkax.k lwa bLyke jkS dabZ Hkyks gq;kS\ rkS b.k jkS vsd bt
iM+wrj gS d lwuA ;k jktfurh LokFkZA
ppp
vktknh jkS vjFk

vktknh ;kuh Lora=rkA Lora=rk lcn jkS vjFk lko lc[kkS lh/kkS vj
lkQ gSA Lo jkS E;kukS gksoS [kqn vki vj ra= jkS vjFk gS O;oLFkk ;kstuk
cUnkscLrA b.k nhB lwa ft.k [kir lwa dksbZ dkedkt O;ogkj [kqn jS r; fd;ksM+S
fglkc lwa dfj;kS tk ldS m.k vMka.k uS Lora=rk ;k vktknh dghtSA b.k BkSM+ ba;w
uh le>.kkS d T;wa eu eS vk;kS T;wa dj.kkS vktknh gqbZA vktknh uS eu ejth lwa
tksM+.kkS cstk ckr gSA i.k vjFk vkS gq;kS d ftdkS ra= dkuwu fu;e dk;nkS vkaika
[kqn vkaika lk: c.kk; ykxw dfj;kS gS m.k jS eqrkfcr dkedkt dj.kkSA b.k Hkkar
dksb Lora= ;k vktkn gks; LoNan ;k euerS uh gks; ldSA i.k iSyk lwa r;
dfj;ksMS+ dqjc dka.k dk;nS dkuwu jS vk/khu gks; tkoSA ;kfu Lo jS ra= jS vk/khu
gks; tkoSA cf.k;ksMS+ lafo/kku jS <ax <kS dkedkt dj.k uS etcwj gks; tkoSA
Lora=rk jS b.k E;kuS eka; feu[kk tw.k jh lclwa t:jh pht vktknh jkS iwjh
xgjkbZ lwa vjFk jkS [kqyklkS gksoS gSA b.k eka; vk ckr lkQ gksoS d Lo jS ra= lwa
Lora=rk/kkjh lekt eka; feu[k iwjh rjg lwa caf/k;ksM+kS gSA dksbZ gkyr eka; NwVkS
[kqykS uh gSA ;kfu gjsd dke uS dj.k jh vj Hkj.k jh vsd lhek cka/k jk[kh gSA
m.k lhek lwa ckjS tko.kkS vkijh gn uS Mkd.kkS Lora=rk jh nhB lwa vsd rjS jkS
vdje gks; tkosykA eksVh ckr rkS vk gS d foLo eka; lhek loZ O;kih gSA
fodjk fugkfjdk jh lhek gS vj lw{e lwa lw{e ijek.kq jh bZ lhek gSA pky <ky
jh vk gn ;k lhek bt lzfLV uS Lora= jk[kS vj m.k jh :[kk bZ djSA inkjFk
eka; U;wVku izksVku jkS ?ksjkS bysDVksu jh vkjfcV bt m.kjS :i vj xq.kka jkS ftEesnkj
gSA lkSj eaM jh gn jkS ?ksjkS xzgka uS cka/k jkf[k;k gSA b.k /kjrh ekFkS tho jh
iSnkbl ;k fuit jkS dkj.k /kjrh jh pky vj lwjt lwa m.kjS vkarjS jh lhek gSA
tS /kjrh [kqn jh pkyjh lhek myka?k tkoS ;k lwjt lwa ftdkS vkarjkS gS m.keSa FkksM+h
?k.kh ?kVr c<r gks; tkoS rkS /kjrh ekFkS thoka jkS xqtj clj uh gks; ldSA vkS
lalkj feV tkosykA b.k Hkkar ra= jh lhek bt Lora=rk jh :[kk gSA rkS fcuk
vadql mwc pwc gx Lora=rk uh gS i.k lhek eSa caf/k;ksMh+ r; dfj;ksMh+ ;kstuk
jS eqrkfcr pkypy.k bt Lora=rk dght ldS gSA
28
vktknh jkS vjFk
55
b.k nhB lwa lalkj eka; Lora= gkso.kkS vsd ftEesokjh jkS dke gSA mNaxrk
;k NkaxkbZ jkS dke uh gSA dksbZ Lora= gq;kS b.k jkS vkS vjFk uh gS d oks euerS
euejth lwa T;wa tpS T;wa fd;ka tkoSA i.k vjFk vkS gq;kS d lc fe uS lc jS
[kkrj ftdk pk:aesj gS moka okLrS ftEesokj gSA ;kuh lc jh ftEesokjh cnxh gSA
Lora= gks; tS ftEesokjh uh le>S rkS oks vcw>i.kkS gS vj le>rka cw>rka
ftEesokjh NksM+ nh rkS nqLVrk ekuhtsykA Tkk.kdj uS [kqn jh ftEesokjh uS Hkwy.kkS
LokFkZra= gS [kqnxthZA geS [kqn jS pk:aesj ns[k uS FkksM+kS d fopkj djka fxukj djka
d vsd ?kj eka; lclwa ?k.kkS vktkn dq.k gS\ ?kj jkS /k.kh\ lko lkph ckrA ?kj
jS /k.kh jS ika.k ?kj jh xkMh xqM+dSA ?kj jh /kqj m.k jS pk:aesj fQjrh nhlSA dabZ
dj.kkS dn dj.kkS dhadj dj.kkS vS lSax QSlyk yso.k eka; oks iwjkS vktkn nhlSA
i.k oks vktkn uh gSA D;wa d okS lkjk QSlyk lc jS fgr vfgr uS fopkj u lcjh
lyk&lwr iNS ysoAS lekt ejtknk dkuwu vj [kqn jh ekyh gkyr jh gn jh lhek
eka; oks fopkj djS iNS bZ dksbZ QSlykS fy;ka lwa iSyk iwjh ftEesokjh mBkoSA b.k jkS
vjFk gS d oks lSax BksM+ iwjkS caf/k;ksM+ks gSA vktkn uh gSA m.k jh :[kk ca/k.k lwa
gSA ejtknk lwa gSA rkS Lora= gkso.kkS ra= jS ?ksjS eka; ca/k.kkS gSA iNS ?kj jkS ,d usukS
Vkcj gSA ftdkS vcw> gS vcks/k gSA oks iwjkS vktkn gSA iwjkS Lora= gSA okS HkykabZ
vxfu lwa jekS ;k ukx lwa [ksykSA HkykabZ ika.kh eka; dwn tkokS ;k ljnh xjeh yw
yiV eka; ukxkS m?kkM+kS fQjkSA eu gks; tkoS rkS jefr;ka lwa jeka ;k /kwM+ eS [ksykS m.k
jh dksbZ ejtknk uh gSA i.k vS lSax gjdrka m.k jh :[kk vj c/kkiS lk:
[krjukd gSA b.k dkj.k izd`fr m.k jh gjdrkaa jh lhek cka/k nh gSA m.kjS mij
m.kjS ekbrka jh fuxsnkLrh cxlh gSA oks vsd vcw> vcks/k dkph dwai gS b.k
okLrS m.k jh pky <ky uS fuxsnkLrh lwa lhek eka; jk[k.kks t:jh gSA uh rkS m.k jS
thok tw.k jh ljrka V tkosykA m.k jkS tho.kkS vc[kkS vj v.kwrkS nksjkS gks;
tkosykA b.k Hkkar ?kj jk nwtk NksVk eksVka [kkrj eksVh vc[kkbZ [kM+h gks; tkosykA
m.k jh pky <ky uS gn eka; jk[k.kkS m.k jS lq[k lwa tho.k lk: iSyh vj t:jh
ljr gSA rhtkS ?kj eka; iwjh rjS vktkn dq.k gks; ldS\ tqdkS mNaxy gSA NkaxykS
gSA uknkuh ;k Nkaxyki.kS lwa oks [kqn jh lhek mykaf?k;ka tkoS vj [kqn jh vktknh
jkS jkso.kkS jks;ka tkoSA [kqn jh t:jrka jh ekax mBk;ka tkoSA r; gS d [kqn jh gn uS
Hkwy u oks ?kj /k.kh uS vj nwtka uS lkadMS+ yk;ka tkoSA vkQr [kM+h fd;ka tkoSA oks
[kqn uS vktkn le>S i.k lSaxka jh futjka eka;a oks NkaxykS c.k mckS jsoSA m.k jk
dkjukek vk[kj m.k jS [kqn lk: eqlhcr cf.k;ka tkoSA fcuk ejtknk Lora=rk
ukl jkS ekjx gSA
56
dkt;h
iqjka.kk eka; vsd vk[;ku vkoSA lzfLV jk djrkj czg~ek [kuS nsork nkuo
feu[k vj fjlh vS pkjka bZ Hksk gks; minsl yso.k iwxkA lSaxka jkS vUnkt gkS d
czg~ek mokauS vkpj.k ckcr dksbZ yEcks minsl nsosykA i.k czg~ek tSMS+ dkew
v/;srk [kuS Hkkl.k nso.k jh c[kr dBS ghA moka vsd lcn uh dksjkS vsd ek=
vk[kj vkijS Jheq[k lwa mPpkfj;ks&^n* vj n cksy uS ikNk vkijS dke eka; tqV
x;kA geS vk fd.keSa bZ fgEer uh gh d czg~ek uS b.k vk[kj n uS vjFkko.k lk:
vjt djSA lks n jS vjFk eka; lkjk b vkiks vkijh detksjh jh Fkkx ukihA T;wa
feu[k eka; ifjxzg ;kfu /ku lap u HkskS dj.k jh vknr gh lkS feu[k lef>;kS
d EguS n ;kfu lafp;ksM+S uS nku dj.k jkS minsl nhjhft;kS gSA EgkjS yksHkh lHkko
ekFkS jksd ykx.kh t:jh gSA nsork ftdk gk oS vdwr /ku lEifr /kkjh gkA oS b.k
lEifr uS Hkksx fyIlk eka; yxk; fpr uS Hkksxka eka; jekork gkA lks oS n jkS E;kuks
neu lwa fd;kSA ;kfu eu jh Hkksx izo`fr jkS neu dj.k jkS minsl ekfu;kSA jkdl
ftdk gS oS v.kwrk wj vkrrkbZ ;k fgald gq;k djS gSA rkS jkdlka [kqn jS lk: fgalk
vj ks/k uS <kc.k jh ckr fcpkjhA moka n jkS vjFk fy;ks n;kA ts eu eka; n;k
CkkijS rkS fgalk ks/k eka; deh vkosykA fjlh ftdk gk oS i<.k euu fparu jk fur
uOkk ikofM+;k p<S vj fur uok fopkjka lwa thok tw.k eka; lzfLV jS rky es lwa
vMka.k mck djrk jSosA i.k tS vkS euu fopkj fnlk HkzLV gks; tkoS rkS fodkl jh
BksM+ foukl yhyk nhlsykA lkS fjfl;ka [kqn jS lk: fnlk lgh jk[k.k jh ckr
fcpkj u n jkS E;kukS fnlk lef>;ks!
gdhdru vk vkaikajS thoktw.k jh Vhdk dfj;ksMh+ gSA ckr vk gS d
feu[k lHkko eka;a nso nkuo fjlh vj [kqn feu[k vS lSax c[krlj yiVhft;ksMk+
jSosA T;wa tn oks yksHkh gks; lap.kkS ekaMS m.k c[kr feu[k izo`fr vksf<;ksM+h gkssoSA
tn csfglkc lafp;ksMS+ jS c Hkksx foykl eSa Mwc tkoS m.k c[kr oks lk/ku lEiu
nsork jkS :Ik /kkfj;ksM+kS gq;k djS gSA iNS enka/k gks; [kqn jh eulk nwts ekFkS FkksiS
t.kS oks jk{kl ekfu;ks tkoSA b.k uS Vk uS ts fparu euu i<.k fy[k.k jS ikaa.k
flh ik; dbZ dfjLek dj crkoS t.kS oks fjlh ekfu;kS tkoSA T;wa bathfu;j
MkDVj foKkuh izksQsljA i.k vSMk+ dfjLek fnlk HkzLV gks; fodkl jh BkSM+ foukl
dj ldS gSA lkss feu[k c[krlj [kqn jS eka; tue.k okh b.k izp`fr;ka jh lhek
cka/k mokauS dkcw jk[kS rkS vka pkjka izo`fr;ka jkS ?k.kkS ln mi;ksx gks; ldS gSA b.k
Hkkar feu[k jkS lafp;ksM+kS nku jkS :i yS; lekt fgr esa ?k.kkS dke vkosykA Hkksx
jh lhek ca/k tko.k lwa lekt eka; lq/ko`fr jh xaxk csosykA c vj ks/k ekFkS
29
vktknh jkS vjFk
57
vadql ykx.k lwa feu[k jkS c fucka jkS ennxkj c.k tkosykA vj fjlh ftdk
gS if<;k fyf[k;k foKkuh oS le>syk d v.kqcac uh c.kk; u v.kqfctyh
c.kko.k uS [kisykA
rkS vk lhek vktknh jh :[kk lk: t:jh iSyh ljr gSA lhek Vh
vj vktknh xbZA vkt jS c[kr eka; ljdkj lk: dkuwu dj vj [kjp jh lhek
pkbtSA dkexkjka lk: ixkj vj vkjke jh lhek t:jh gSA cksikfj;ka [kkrj yksHk
vj m.k ekQd ykHk jh lhek cka/k.kh iMsy
+ kA fodkl [kkrj foykl vj foukl
jh lhek vj iNS tutu lk: vf/kdkjka jh lhek vkfFkZd jktfufrd lkekftd
Lora=rk jh iSykiSy ljr gSA vj c[kr jh ikcanh ;kfu lhek jkS /;ku rkS lSaxk uS
jk[k.kkS bt iM+sykA
jkek;.k eka; y{e.k js[k jkS mys[k gSA lhrk gkykafd y{e.k jS okLrs eka
cjkscj iwtuhd gSA i.k okbZ vuqt y{e.k jh ejtknk eka; jso.k lk: ikcan gSA
jke tkorka tkorka lhrk jh :[kk jkS ftEeks y{e.k uS lwafi;kSA vk vsd lhek
ghA iNS y{e.k uS bZ m.kuS vsdyh NksM tko.k jh t:jr vk; iM+h t.kS y{e.k
vsd js[k jh lhek cka/khA vk y{e.k js[k lkpk.kh lhrk jS vkpj.k vj vko.k
tko.k jh ejtknk gSA vkS feu[k jS [kqn jS vkpj.k jkS :id gSA tnS bZ dksbZ lhrk
b.k ejtknk uS myka?kh&b.k ejtknk uS rksM+h vj m.k jko.k uS U;wrkS fn;kSA js[k
yka?krkabZ lrh lhrk jkS lfrRo jkS c ekskS iM+ tkosykA rkS T;wa bZ dkuwu rksfM+;kS
vj vki ekFkS jkdlh c gkoh gks; tkosykA RkkS Lora=rk vj ijra=rk jS fcpS
vsd js[k jkS bt vkarjkS gSA dkuwu jh js[k ;k vkpj.k jh js[kA b.k js[k uS
myka?krkabZ Lora=rk xbZ le>kSA Lora=rk jh :[kk lhek eka; bt gSA nkf;Roghu
Lora=rk foukl vj vfLFkjrk jkS ekjx gSA vjktdrk jkS jkLrkSA LFkkbZRo lapkyu
jh iSyh ljr gSA bfDofyfcz;e jS fcuk dksbZ ekslu uS jsxqysV uh dj ldkaA
ijek.kq lxrh foukl tnS bt djS tn ds m.k jS la?kBu uS vk?kkS ikNkS djnkaA m.k
jh lhek myka?kht tkoSA tS vsdj dksbZ bysDVksu vkijh vkjfcV myka?k nsoS rks
foukl foIyo jkS rkaMo l: gks; tkoSA
dSalj dabZ gS\ vkaikajh ljhjh jpuk jS eksfyd tho dkslka jkS vkijh lhek
uS myka?k.kkSA ckr vk gS d tho/kkjh jS ljhj eka; tho dksl vsd gn rd ftrjk
ejS mrjk uok fuift;ka tkoSA i.k tho dksl vkijh ejtknk uS rksM+ u t:jr lwa
T;knk fuit.k ykxS t.kS dSalj jh csekjh jkS :Ik ys; ysoAS rkS ftdh dksfldk
ljhj jh j{kd gh ok bt Hk{kd jkS :i /kkj ysoSA
58
dkt;h
izd`fr tho.k uS lq[kh c.kko.k lk: ejtknk jkS cUnkscLr dfj;kS gSA
lkjk pjkpj thoka jh ejtknk gSA thoka jkS vkpj.k [kko.kkS iho.kkS vBkrd
thorkS jso.k jh mej jh bZZ lhek gSA lSaxka jS ns[k.k jh lq.k.k jh lhek gSA vuqHkwfr
jh lhek gSA feu[k vj nwtk tho ?k.kh /ofu;ka uh lq.kS&?k.kh izdkl jh fdj.kk
uh nhlSA T;wa feu[k rhl lwa rhu gtkj jh hDosalh rd jh /ofu lq.k ldS
gSA vYVkok;ysV vj bUkjsM izdkl feu[k jh vkaf[k;ka uh ns[k ldSA ftrjh
/ofu;ka pk:aesj fuit jh gS tS oS lSax fcuk lhek jS dkauka eka; iM+nka rd iwxrh
gksoS rkS lq.k.k jh f;k iwjh uh gks; ldSA vk bt ckr ns[k.k lk: ykxw gksoSA
/kjrh ekFkS ts mej jh ejtknk uh gksoS rkS /kjrh thoka lwa iV tkosykA iwjh lzfLV
eka;a b.k Hkkar lhek cka/k.kkS bt izd`fr :i xkkMs jh nwtksM+h pw gSA
izd`fr jS nkbZ jktfurh cksikj ?kjx`gfLr tkr /kje lkjka eka; lhek jh ckM+
ckaf/k;ka bt dke pky ldSA pkok HkklklkL=h O;kdj.kkpk;Z Mk- lhrkjke
ykl jkS vsd fdLlks gSA mokauS vsd fy[kkjS dgh d tS bZLoj gkFk uh jksdS rks
feu[kktw.k lksjh lksjh dV ldSA b.k ij ykl lk tokc fn;ks d gkFk jksd.k jkS
rkS ekfyd jkS vuqlklu gSA ts gkFk uh jksdS rkS bZLoj jkS bZ [ktkukS fuB tkosykA lks
m.kuS gkFk rkS jksd.kkS bt iMs+ykA i.k feu[k uS [kqn [kjp jh lhek [kqn jh ekyh
gkyr jS fglkc lwa cka/k.kh pkbtSA Ckkr lko lkph gSA eksVh eksVh dEifu;ka bZ
izkbosV fyfeVsM jS ?ksjs eka; vkiks vkijkS dkjksckj pykoSA lclwa iSyk oS vkijh
gn r; djS d HkbZ fdrjk uks.kk jS ?ksjS eka; dkjksckj djkayk iNS cksikj l: djSA
rkS fcuk gn ckaf/k;ka dksbZ dkedkt uh gks; ldSA i.k vsd ckr [kkl dj u
fxukj dj.k tksx gSa d Lo jS ra= jkS fuHkko izd`fr lwa gksoS m.k bt Hkkar Lora=rk
eka; lhek jkS fuHkko vji.k Hkko lwa gkso.kkS pkghtsA b.k eka; dksbZ rjg jh ck/;rk
jh Hkkouk ts eu eka; tkxxh rkS oks vsd Hkkar jS fonzksg jkS :i ys; ysosykA Lo jS
ra= jkS fuHkko loZ tu fgrk; loZ tu lq[kk; jS /;S; lwa gkso.kkS pkbtSA ts b.k
lkFkS viZ.k jkS Hkko uh gq;kS rkS Lo jkS ra= bZ vsd Hkkar jkS fujadql ra= c.k u loZ
lksl.k jkS vMka.k c.k tkosykA LokFkZra= jkS :i ys; iru jkS ekjx c.k tkosykA
fujadqlrk HkykabZ vsd vkneh jh gksoks HkykabZ ?k.kk feu[kka jS Hksi jh ;k dksbZ jhr
fjokt lwa gksokS Okk Lora=ra uh gSA fujadqlrk feu[k lekt lalkj ;k lzfLV jS
cUnkscLr lk: gjesl ?kkrd bt jh gSA iNS HkykabZ fgVyj ;gwfn;ka uS ekjkS HkykabZ
vesfjdk tkiku ekFkS v.kqqcac iVdkS vj HkykabZ vkslkek vesfjdk ekFkS gokbZ
tgkt iVdkSA HkykabZ vkj{k.k jh ekax mBk; dksbZ tkr /kje okk jkLrk jksdkS jsyka
30
vktknh jkS vjFk
59
jksdkSA ;k foLofo|ky; jk Vkcj Hksk gks; rksM+k QksM+h djkSA b.k Hkkar jk lkjk
dkae Lora=rk jh gR;k gSA fujadqlrk fgalk jkS nwtks :i gSA Lora=rk fgalk uh gSA
R;kx gSA ri gSA LokFkZ jh lk/kuk Lora=rk uh gSA Lora=rk eu jkS ;ksx gSA Hkoukoka
jkS ri gSA thoktw.k jkS xhr gSA b.k dkj.k fouksck Hkkos crk;kS d dfo jkS eryc
eu jkS ekfydA TkqdkS eu uS ekfyd c.k [kqn jS erS pykoS oks dfoA eu jS erS
pkyf.k;ks dfo uh gS eupykS gSA rkSS dfo gkso.kkS Lorra= gkso.kkS gSA vkijkS [kqn
jkS Lo iwjkS vcksV gSA b.k vcksV ra= lwa eu ru tkr lekt xqV lEiznk; lcuS
pyko.kkS gSA Lo jkS ra= b.k lc ckrka lwa ij gSA eu vj vkRek vS nks; Hkkjr jS
v/;kRe jk vuwBk vkfoLdkj gSA Lo jk vS nks; vax gS ftdka lwa ljhj lapky.k
gksoSA eu [kqnxthZ jh ckr dsosyk i.k nwtkS vax vkRek m.k ckr uS dsosyk ftdh
lc jh xjt lktSA iNS HkykabZ m.k jS ika.k LokFkZ uh ltrkS gksoSA lalkjh ifjHkklk
eka; HkYkkabZ uqDlk.k gksorkS gksoS rks gksokSA foLo bfr;kl eSa ftrjkS fparu dk fopkj
gq;ks gS m.k jh tM+ Lora= gkso.k jh izsj.kk bt gSA foKku jh [kir] dke jh
dfBurk lwa Lora=rk] csekjh jh ykpkjh lwa Lora=rk] ika.kh eka; frj.k jh Lora=rk]
gok eka; mM.k jh Lora=rk] /kjrh lwa mij vkdkl esa tko.k jh Lora=rk vj b.k
bt <ax <kS vkfFkZd] jktfufrd Lora=rk vj iNS Hkkjr jS vk/;kRe jh lclwa
maph mM+ku vcksV lksp lalkj lwa tho ek= jh eqfDr ;kfu Lora=rkA Lkkjk /kje
lEiznk; eqfDr jh [kkst jk ys[kk tks[kk bt gSA ftdk Lora= gkso.k jk vMka.k
dght ldSA vk eqfDr ijeLora=rk jkS ukae gSA eqDr bt Lora= gSA lkjk
egkiq:lka jkS NsgM+ykS /;S; eqDr ;kfu Lora= gkso.kkS bt gkSA i.k oS T;wa T;wa Lora=
gw;ka x;k feu[k lekt vj lalkj pjkpj lk: tqEesokj gw;ka x;kA Lo jkS vyksi
gksso.kkS bt Lora= gkso.kkS gSA eu jh vk fLFkrizK ;kfu lclwa maph nlk gSA b.k
nlk eka; iwxksM+kS feu[k eulk okpk deZ.kk iwjkS Lora= gks; tkoSA bZLoj rd
iwx.kkS Lora= gkso.k jkS bt nwtks ukae gSA ejtknk iq:lksre jke] gtjr eqgEen
lYy] fLFkrizK d`L.k] d:.kk ewfrZ bZlk] n;kfu/kku cq] vfjgar egkohj]
nhuca/kq jkenso] lqdjkr] egkRek xka/kh vS lkjk Lora= egk ekuo gkA Lora=rk
R;kx jkS aapks vk;ke gSA vf/kdkjka jS Hkksx jkS ukae Lora=rk uh gSA fryd crk;ks
gkS d Lora=rk EgkjkS tue fl vf/kdkj gSA ft.k jkS vjFk gS d vf/kdkjka eka;
Lora=rk uh gS i.k Lora= gkso.kkS feu[k jkS vf/kdkj gSA vf/kdkj rkS LFkwy lalkj
jk deZdkaM gSA Lora=rk deZdkaMka lwa eqfDr jkS uke gSA Lora=rk jh lclwa fljS
dYiuk ljhj jk ca/kuk lwa eqDr ;kfu Lora= gks; lw{e ljhj :i eSa ijk/khurk lwa
U;kjkS gkso.k jh djhth gSA
60
dkt;h
ftdk Lora= gS moka uS cka/k.kks fd.kjS bZ cwrs jkS dkae uh gSA moka uS dksbZ
vk/khu uh jk[k ldSA nsg vj eu jk nq[k moka lk: xkS.k gks; tkoSA drZO;ijk;.krk
lgt gks; tkoSA nf/kph uS gkM nsorka dBklwa bZ nwf[k;ks uhA bZlk uS wl ekFkS bZ
izHkq jh bPNk iwjh gkso.k jh ckr lw>hA lqdjkr uS tSSj ihorka tYykn jh ukSdjh jkS
lksp ykxkSA nklZfud uhRlS flrj cjl tS eka; dkf<;k i.k ijk/khu uh gkA Lo
jS ra= lwa moka jkS tho.kkS pkyrkS fj;kSA ;q eka;a bZ ;qffLBj lwa >wB cksy.kkS c.k uh
vk;kS D;wa d vkS mokajS Lo jS ra= jS f[kykQ gkSA pksjk pksjh dkaM iNS xkka/khth uS
lR;kxzg ikNkS yso.kks ifM+;ks D;wa d nsl fgr eka; bZ fgalk moka uS eatwj uh ghA
d`L.k xa/kkjh jS ljki uS jkth [kqlh vaxsft;kS tka.kS tlksnk lwa ek[k.k ysorka gksoSA
Lora=rk R;kx jh lclwa maph vcksV voLFkk gS ifjxzg jkS vdje uh gSA
Lora= jso.k jh vj Lora= gkso.k jh vk vsd eksVh ljr gSA uk rks lqHkhrs
jh ylk vj uk nksjkbZ jkS MjA nsl eka; /kku jkS VksVks gS rkS lc fe uS Hksi lwa
pykokaykA deh vkiks vki detksj iM+ tkosykA [kqn jkS /kje jk[k.kkS gS rkS nwts
jS /kje jh :[kk bZ dj.kh iMs+ykA Lora= jso.k jkS vkS bt /kje gSA lSax ,d nwts
jh vktknh jh :[kk djS rkS ersbZ lkjk vktkn gks; tkosykA dkuwu dk;nk rkS
dksjk y gS jkl gSA tn lc lcjk gks; jsosyk t.kS olq/kSo dqVqEcde~ okh
gkyr vk; iwxsykA Lo vyksi gks; ra= dksjkS vMka.k c.k tkosykA thok tw.k jkS
cksikj iou vj unh jh nkbZ csjksd Vksd pkfy;ka tkosykA Lora=rk bufMis.Ms.V
gS vfuHkZjrk hMe uh gSA Lora=rk nkf;Roka jkS ogu gS vf/kdkjka jS Nkaxyki.kS jkS
deZdk.M uh gSA
ppp
31
62
fparu uS ckiw jh nsu

Hkkjr jS bfr;kl eka; xksre cq jS iNS iwjS lalkj uS vlj eka; ysof.k;kS
egkRek xh.khtS gS ckiw ;k eksgu nkl djepan xka/khA vkt feu[kk tw.k jS pk:esj
ckiw jS fopkj vj fparu jh lksjHk mB jh gSA /kje&jktfurh&foKku&vks[kn&dyk
vj lkfgr vS lkjh fo/kkoka m.k cM+Hkkxh jS fparu jh djtnkj gSA b;wa rkS ekfu;kS
tk ldS d ^;nk ;nk gh /keZL; XykfuHkZofr Hkkjr%*& dksbZ vklkoknh jh eu
fcyekrh vkMh gS&i.k vk ckr bZ lkph vj [kjh gS d Hkkjr jS nfjnzukjk;.k uS
fc[kS jh csk LgkjkS nso.k uS dksbZ u dksbZ fpard vorkj ysorkS fj;kS gSA HkykabZ
fl/kkFkZ cq jkS fo:okn gksokS vj HkykabZ pkjokd jkS ukfLrd okn&fparu ;k
fopkj vk;kZo`r jh ckiwrh T;wa y[kkoSA b.k [kkrj bt lalkj thrf.k;S fldanj uS
m.k jS xq: Hkkjr lwa ikNkS orka dksbZ fpard tksxh uS lkFkS ys; vko.k jh jk; nh
ghA twuks xzhd fopkj Hkkjr jS ft.k fparu jS vlj eka; gkS eksgu nkl djepan
xka/kh m.kuS uok vkluka cSBk;kSA b.k bt <ax <ks v<kbZ gtkj cjlka iSyk fl/kkFkZ
xkSre cq Hkkjr eka; fopkj uS uoh fnl crkbZ ghA ft.k jkS /kdyk cjlka iwjS
lalkj jS vk/;kre ekFkS vlj ifM+;kSA i.k b.k cnko jS iNS lko lwfu;kM+
ckijxh gksos vk ckr dso.kh Bhd uh gSA D;wa d /kdyk lbdka eka; b.k eqyd jS
eku[kS ftrjk nq[k nsf[k;k ftrjk ikofM+;k pf<;k m.k nksjku dksbZ u dksbZ jktk
Qdhj lar ihj jk;k jkS cw c.k vkre c jS lkFkS lkFkS jksk fc[kS jS eksdS ohj
lwjek twa>kj gksof.k;k :[kk bZ djrk fj;k gSA nqfu;k nkjh jS nq[kka lwa nksoM+k
gq;ksM+k nhu ghuk uS dnsbZ ladj lU;kl ekjx jh lykg nh rkS dnsbZ ukud
vsdVi.kS [kkrj minsl fn;kA dnsbZ dchj fujxq.k mikluk jk Hktu xk;k rkS
dnsbZ jkekuqt lxq.k Hkxfr jkS lkj le>k;kSA dqy fek; uS ckr vk gh d ykjyk
v<kbZ gtkj cjlka eka; bZ ckck jkensoth jh lwjohjrk & jSnkl nknw jkS viZ.k Hkko
& xq: ukud jh le>&tkackth jk le>ksrk vS lkjk dki gkM xk esgur jS
ika.k bZ fopkj njl.k uS vj feu[k jS fopkjka uS Hkxokau cq jS cjkscj lc[kh
fnl uh ns lfd;kA xka/khth fparu uS ij?kkbZ nh & mej jh /kkjk uS uoh xr nhA
dkt;h
b.k dkj.k lwa b.k eqyd eka; twuS x.kra= uS uoS iztkra= jkS uke fef;kSA gkykafd
Hkkjr jk feu[kka jh lksp eka; lkp vfgalk HkkbZpkjkS vj tho ek= jS dY;k.k tSMh+
ckrka uoh uh ghA vS lSax iSyk lwa bZ ekstwn ghA i.k feu[kka jS eu eka; [kqyS :Ik lwa
[kqn jS vkiS mckS dj.k jkS chM+kS ftdkS Hkxokau cq mBk;kS gkS xkka/kh m.k jk uok
ikxh cf.k;kA
bZlk jS iNS foKku jS c/kkis jS lkFkS lkFkS jktfurh vj lektw cnko jS
ika.k bZ Hkkjr eka; feu[kka jS vkijh tM+ka uh NksM.k jS lHkko jS dkj.k lkjk lq/
kkjdka jS dkika iNS bZ cq jS Lokoyacu lwa vkxS uh c/k lfd;kA D;wa d lkjk lq/
kkjdka jS O;ogkj eka; ykjyk fpardka jS nkbZ feu[k lwa vksijh ckrka ekStwn ghA moka
jh oka.kh eka; dfork jh jgL;e;rk vj fl/kkbZ jkS es gkSA
ckiw vyksfddrk jS b.k Hksn uS [kksy fn;kSA lkQ lksp fopkj vj [kqyklS
fparu lwa fl/kkbZ jk cknk fc[kj x;kA vyksfddrk jkS va/kkjkS vyksi gks; x;kSA
feu[k jS fopkjka uS [kqykS vkdkl fef;kSA lekt uS cka/k u jk[kf.k;kS vkMacj jkS
vMka.k fgy x;kSA feu[k jS eu eka; feu[k lk: vknj lueku jkS muekn tkx
x;kSA nsoRo fl/kkar jkS >wB pksMS+ vk; x;kSA vyksfddrk feu[k uS izd`fr jh
lkpkbZ lwa vk?kkS jk[kSA tehu ekFkS thof.k;S tho uS vkdkl jk liuk crkoSA
fcyekoSA nsoRo jk v.kphR;k nkok lekt ek;a gkscks djSA i.k ckiw vyksfddrk
lwa vk?kk fj;k oS dnsbZ vsM+k nkok uh dfj;k d oS gkM ekal jS ljhj lwa mij gSA
ft.k lwa oS vke vkneh jk t.ks t.ks jk lkFkh ;k cw cf.k;k g`n; lezkV uh
cf.k;kA cq gkykafd vyksfddrk uh vks<hA oS geslka tehuh lkp uS pksMs+
yko.k jh dksfllka djrk fj;k i.k moka jS ykjS ykxksMS+ la?kokn jS lxwQs jS dkj.k
v.kphR;k bZ oS foL.kq jk vorkj ekuht x;kA gdhdru vk Hkkjr jS fopkj dj.k
jh jhr eka; lclwa eksVh deh js;h gS d yksd minsldka uS bZLoj c.kk; NksfM;kA
vkS bt dkj.k gkS d Hkkjr eka; foKku jkS c/kkikS uh gks; lfd;kSA feu[kka izd`fr
jk dkaek uS bZLoj jh yhyk tka.k NksM+ fn;kA moka jk Hksn yso.k jh dksfllka uh
djhA b.k dkj.k lwa lkjk minsld iwjh lknxh gksrka FkdkabZ vke tu jS lalkj lwa
ckjS fudy x;kA i.k xka/kh b.k la?kokn jh lhe uS foLo ca/kq gks; ikj djnhA
Ckkiw jS eu eka; /kjrh jk tho egrkm gkA pksjklh tw.k eka; map uhp ntkSZ c.kk;
Hksn fd;ka fcuk tM+ vj psru lk: bZ U;ko [kkrj yM+rk fj;kA fujthoka uS bZ
U;ko fnjko.k jh ekax djrk fj;kA
geSa vkS dso.kks rkS Bhd uh gS d lkjk fpard lar egkRek [kqn jS vkpkj
fopkjka ekFkS vyksfddrk jkS vks<.kkS vksf<;ka bt fQjrk jsoS gS i.k vk ckr bZ
32
63
lkph gS d HkykabZ dchj jh dfork gksokS vj HkykabZ ukud jk minsl b.k lc jkS
vsd vlj vkS bZ gq;ks gS d feu[kkbZ jk vka iqtkfj;ka uS feu[kka iwtuhd c.kk;
nsoyka eka; Fkji fn;kA iNS vka jh iwtk lwa lekt eka; v.kphR;ks Hkje fuift;kSA
m.k lwa vke vkneh HkjekorkS fj;kSA xka/khth lc /kje lueku ekFkS vey dj u
Hkjek;ksMS+ eku[kS uS feu[ki.ks jkS ekjx crk;kSA feu[k lekt jS b.k Hkje jkS
vUnkt gkykafd Qdhj egkRekoka uS iSyk lwa bZ gkS vj b.k lwa vk?kkS jso.k jk dki
bZ gksork fj;k gSA T;wa d`L.k jkS djeokn b.k fnl dfj;ksM+h vsd lc[kh dksfll
ghA b.k ika.k xhrk feu[k jh dYiuk jh lclwa maph mM+ku ekuhtSA /kje uS
jktfurh lwa tksM+ uS Jhd`L.k feu[kk tw.k uS ejrw jkS ekjx uh crk;ks i.k tho.k jkS
lk/ku lkfcr dj.k jkS lkpkS liukS nsf[k;kSA i.k d`L.k jh lh/kki.kS uS lalkjh [ksy
le>.k jh Hkwy dj.k lwa yksd cp uh lfd;k vj ;ksxh d`L.k dksjk yhyk iq:l
c.k u js; x;kA b.k bt Hkkar iSxEcj gtjr eqgEen lYy jh lknxh vj
lh/kki.kkS mokauS xjhc rcdS jS usM+k rkS jkf[k;k i.k tCckj] dgkj] lrkj] jghe]
djhe tsM+k ukek lwa vYyk ikd jk ?k.kukaeh :i jS c[kka.k okh mokajh vk/;kRe
jh jhr vYyk ikd jk liwr jS :Ik esa Fkji fn;k vj oS vkoke lwa vk?kk gksork
x;kA i.k rkS bZ gtjr eqgEen feu[ki.kS eka; lclwa mij ekfu;k tk ldSA bZlk jkS
feu[ki.kS lwa gsr thon;k vj d:.kk xjhcka jh ihM+ esV.k jh gwal mokauS dkaVka jkS
rkt isjk; ql rd iqxk; fn;kA iNS oS efj;ka iNS bZ feu[kka jS eu eSa thork
jso.k jh ckr le>kbZ i.k rkS bZ oS vsd vyksfdd iq:l jS :i ispk.khft;kA
b;ka lcka lwa U;kjkS xka/khth jkS lko lwnkS >saiw M:a M:a okkS lHkko i.k
[kqn jh ckr vj vk[kM+h jk iDdk vkneh jS :i lQk feu[kk pfjrj gkS ftdkS
b.k <ax jk vw>ka lwa mcjx;kSA ckiw jkS dje lQk feu[kka tw.k jkS dje gkSA moka
jh dYiuk vsd lwnS feu[k jh dYiuk ghA foKku jk rjd] jktfurh jk iM+iap]
/kje jh /khaxkbZ] dje jh dfBurk vj tw.k jh tcjkbZ lwa ?k.kkS vk?kkS oS [kqnks [kqn
esa [kqn jS ika.k [kqn jS erS lc[kk iz;kl gkA xka/khth jkS fparu gekj jS tekuS eka;
feu[kk tw.k jkS lclwa lksjkS lc[kkS xf.kr gSA dksbZ feu[k lk: xka/kh c.k.kkS mrjkS
bt lc[kkS gS ftrjkS vc[kks vkS dkae y[kkoSA gkykafd xka/khth jh [kkl vk[kfM+;ka
lkp] vfgalk] lg;ksx] foLolkfUr] HkkbikS] lalkj eka; fprau jh nhB lwa lko uoh
ckrka rkS uh gh i.k vka lkjh ckrka uS feu[k jS /kkj.k dj.k lk: lksjkS lc[kkS :Ik
nso.kkS ckiw jh lclwa eksVh nsu gSA eu jh yxkke uS ru jh jkl lwa cka/k u jk[k.k jkS
ckiw uokS vVax ea= fn;kSA moka jh vk[kfM+;ka vj fu;e dksjk v/;kre jk vw>k
64
dkt;h
uh gk i.k feu[k jS /kkj.k tksx LFkwy vkpj.k gkA eu jh fojkVrk pfjrj ekFkS
gkoh uh gkso.k nso.k lk: lwnki.kS vj ljyrk jh gn rd eu uS vyksi gkso.k jkS
ea= fn;kSA b.k dkj.k xka/kh vsd feu[k jS :Ik dksjk xka/kh bt fj;kA nqfu;k jh
egkiq:lka uS iwt.k jh dqjhr ckiw uS egkrek lwa /kdS yS; tk; u bZLoj uh c.kk;
ldhA dksbZ lwjr eka; dsMh+ bZ gkyr eka; xkka/khth [kqn uS feu[k lwa mij eku.k jh
;k ekuht.k jh Hkwy uh djhA Hkxrka jh va/k Hkxfr vj gjsd ekeys uS Hkquko.k jh
iVko.k jh yksdka jh cnfu;r bZ xka/kh jS feu[ki.ks uS nsorki.kks uh c.kk; ldhA
usg:th tSM+kS fodkloknh uok fopkjka okkS vkFkw.kS vlj okkS feu[k bZ
ckiw uS [kqn jkS ekjx crkof.k;kS ekfu;kSA RkkS jktsUnz ckcw vj oYyHk Hkkb iVsy
tSMk+ djMS+ erSokk feu[k bZ mokauS xq: ekfu;kA Hkkjr jh nslh :.k uS vkt jS uoS
tekus eka; xjc vj lueku cxl.k jkS eksVkS dkae xka/khth dj crk;kSA vkFkw.kh
nqfu;k xka/khth eka; Hkkjrh;rk jh :.k jh vuwBh lEHkkouk jk njl.k fd;k rkS
mxq.kh nqfu;k vkFkwa.kh FkksFkh pdkpksa/k lwa wcj.k jkS vMka.k xka/khth uS c.kk;kSA
mxe.kS eqyd jh Hkkjr izk;nhi jh NsM+yh vkc: xka/khth cf.k;kA mokajkS eksVk
i.kkS b.k eqyd jh lhnh lknh laLd`fr uS bTtr cxlhA
b.k Hkkar eksgu nkl djepan xka/kh egkiq:l uh gks; u lq/k thou foKkuh
c.k x;kA iNS vsd bekunkj foKkuh jh :.k lwa [kqn jh jkst jh fnup;kZ jk
vuqHkoka lwa lR; vfgalk jh Fkjiuk djhA Fkjiuk jh lh/kkbZ vj [kqyklS lwa mokajk
fopkj erS bZ izekf.kr gks; x;kA iwjkS lalkj moka jk dfj;ksM+k dkek eka; ?k.kh
vc[kk;ka esV.k jS vMka.k jh tqxr ns[khA Jh ekfVZu ywFkj fdax jk lcnka eqtc EgaS
EgkjS ijokj jh jhrka lwa bZlkbZ vknlZ lhf[k;k vj xka/khth lwa dke dj.k jkS rjhdkS
lhf[k;kSA b.k Hkkar ywFkj tSM+S vkFkw.kS nklZfud uS vk ckr dso.kh iM+h d tn EgSa
xka/khth ekFkS fopkj d:a rkS bZlk EgkjS lkeh vk; mck nhlSA xka/khth jkS vkS
eksVki.kks m.k c[kr ?k.kkS pksMS+ vkoS tn oS dksbZ xjhc xqjck uS daBka yxkoS vj
m.k jh ihM+ esV.k uS [kqn ihM+ vks<sA b.k BkSM+ jkek;.k okk jke lcjh izlax jkS
[kqyklkS gksorkS nhlSA Hkxokau jke jS eu eka;a lcjh jk vsaBk cksj [kkorka dabZ
mift;kS gksosyk vk ckr oks feu[k lko le> ldS gS ft.k ewfrZdkj Msfol jS
lkeh xka/khth uS ewfrZ ?kM+korka cSBk nsf[k;k gksoSA ;k dksb gfjtu cLrh eka;
gjhtuka lkFkS gksorh vuhrkbZ [kkrj iNrkikS djrk nsf[k;k gksoSA Ukk dqN lwa
mift;ksM+h b.k egku izfrHkk jkS lc lalkj dk;y gkSA ijek.kq foKkuh vYcVZ
vkbaLVkbu jkS vkS dso.kkS d&^^FkksM+kd fnuka iNS feu[kka [kkrj foLokl dj.kkS
33
65
eqfLdy gks; tkosyk d gkM ekl jkS dksbZ vsM+kS iwrkS gks; ldSA** xka/khth
jh dwaor jS vuks[ksi.k jkS iDdks lcwr gSA oS uk rks fjlh eqfu gk vj uk bZ dksbZ
/kje xq: i.k mokajk vkpkj fopkj dsMS+ bZ /kje lk: ijksV.k jS dkfcy gkA dksbZ
/kje uS mokaa jh use iwtk lwa ijgst uh gks; ldSA b.k nhB lwa xka/khth lkpS feu[k
/kje jk vxoka.kh gkA oS feu[k i.kS jk lkpk iwtkjh gkA mokajh fyf[k;ksM+h iksFkh
&êkb ,DlisjhesaV fon VqFk* dksbZ /kje xzUFk lwa de uh dwarht ldSA b.k jS
ckotwn xka/khth [kqn jh lknxh vj lh/kki.kS jS ika.k /kjeokn lwa dkk dkslka
vk?kk gkA /kje jS vkMacjh psgjs jh futj mokauS uh ykxhA oS [kqnks[kqn esa iwjk
ca/ku eqDr gkA b.k Hkkar lR; ckiw jh futj esa lclwa fljS gkSA ckdh foLo lR; jS
gks.k gkj jh Nk;k ghA
IkjesLoj vj lkp uS Hks uS vsdevsd djf.k;S m.k lkpS feu[k jh gR;k
r; :Ik lwa bfr;kl jS pDdj jkS vsd QsjkS bt ekuht ldSA b.k gR;k lkfcr dj
fn;kS d gdhdru vk feu[k jS varl eka; nfc;ksMh+ fgalk [kqn vkre?kkr fd;kS
gSA b.k nhB lwa xka/kh jke d`L.k vj bZlk lwa xrksbZ U;kjk gkA feu[k jS nkbZ lh/kh
lknh tw.k thof.k;kS vkS egkfeu[k m.k bt <ax <kS vke vkneh jS T;wa efj;kSA
xka/khth uS ft.k xksh ekjh gh m.k l[l [kqn jS gkFk lwa fyf[k;ksMS+ vsd ijok.kS
eka; vk ckr ekuh d oks [kqn eu eulk lwa ckiw uS ?k.kkS vknj nsos gS b.k dkj.k
xksh nkx.k lwa iSyk m.k ckiw jk pj.kka jS gkFk yxk; ljnk trkbZ gh!
ckiw vkt rd dk rkS feu[k uS ekjx crkof.k;kS ikxh gS vj dk feu[k
lk: fopkj.k tksx iq:lA feu[k jS fparu eka; feu[k jh lksp eka; vj eksVh
ckr rkS vk gS d feu[ki.ks jS :i feu[k jh eu eulk eka; oS gjesl lnk lnk
lk: vej jsosykA tn dnsbZ dksb [kqnxthZ usrk jS eu eka; xjhc xqjck lk:
d:.kk jh dld tkxh dk dksbZ fujc uS [kqqn jS gd jh dwd mBh vj xka/kh m.k
jS tho eka; tkx tkosykA dksbZ BkyS HkwyS HkVfd;ksM+S jS eu eka; [kqn jh Hkwyka nkslka
jkS njn mfB;kS rkS xka/kh m.k jS muekn eka; mB [kM+k gksosykA iwtk?kjka eka; xka/khth
jh Fkjiuk uh gks; ldSA xkka/kh th jk Fkku Fkji.kk uh gks; ldS D;wa d moka jkS
fparu m.k jS vkMkS fQj tkoSA xka/kh uS dksjks feu[k jS eu eka; tho.kks gSA b.k nhB
lwa vej gkso.kks gSA
ppp
ghjka rksyh Egkajh cksyh

Hkklk jkS bfr;kl tho/kkfj;ka jkS bfr;kl gSA fcdjk Mkbukslkj bZ r;
:i lwa Mj Hkkstu uj&eknk jS ess vj [kqn jS tho jk truk [kkrj tSM+h rSM+h NksVh
eksVh lkfu;ka djrk gk vj fNU;hd dhfM+;ka bZ lkxS bt dkj.kka lwa dha u dha [kqlj
Qqlj djS gSA feu[k jS ekeyS eka; vsM+kS ekuhts gS d Hkklk gkFk ixka jS nkbZ vsd
U;kjkS fyEc gSA feu[kka jS vkiljh eka; vkijk Hkkoka uS vsd lwa ntwS rkabZ iqxko.k
jkS [kkl vMka.k m.k jh Hkklk gSA feu[k vj ftukojka jh Hkklk eka; eksVkS Qjd vkS
gS d ftukoj vkijh Hkklk tue lwa ys; tueS vj feu[k tufe;ka iNS [kqn jS
pk:aesj jS ifjosl lwa :c: gks; Hkklk lh[kSA :l jk pkok foKkuh ikoykso jkS
eku.kkS gS d Hkklk jS tue vj c/kkiS jkS dkj.k feu[k jS ljhj jh [kkl c.kkoV
gSA b.keSa [kkl dj uS feu[k jS gkFk jh iSyh vkaxh ft.kuS Vkcjka jh cksyh eka;
?kj crko.kh dsoS gS vj laLd`r eka; m.k jkS ukae rtZuh gSA feu[k jh b.k vkaxh
jkS Hkklk jS fodkl eSa ?k.kkS lkaxkS gSA b.k vkaxh lwa vaxksBS lkFkS [kkl rkes Hkklk
jS c/kkiS eka; ?k.kkS dke vk;kSA feu[k jh lwa?k.k jh f[kerk jh deh bZ Hkklk jS
tue jkS dj.k c.khA dhsdj\ vk ckr >h.kh vj le>.k jh gSA dksb pht cLr
uS vks[k.k jkS tho/kkfj;ka [kuS eksVkS vMka.k xa/k gq;k djS gSA i.k feu[k jkS ukd
tehu lwa ?k.kkS apkS gkso.k lwa vknw feu[k uS phtka uS gkFk jh vkaxh vj vaxksBS
jS ika.k idM+ u ukd jS usM+h yko.kh iM+rh ft.k lwa dksb pht ukd vj vka[k nksuka
jS usM+h vk; iwxrhA b.k lwa feu[k dksbZ pht jh vkd`fr uS vks[k uS m.k uS ;kn
dj.kh lhf[k;ksA b.k jS iNS [kqn jh ;knkLr jS ika.k m.k vkd`fr jS [kkdS uS ikNkS
mdsj.k jh gwal lwa oks Hkklk jkS tue nkrk c.k lfd;kSA vkd`fr mdsj.k lk: feu[k
jS gkFk jh iSyh vkaxh ;kfu ?kj crko.kh vkaxh [kkl dj uS dke vkbZA ikNh
mdsj.k jh b.k dksfll lwa Hkklk fy[k.k jh f;k jkS tue gq;kSA b.k jS iN bZ
vkaxh vj vaxksBs jh enn dye idM+ u fy[k.k [kkrj dhrjh gS vk ckr rkS
lkQ vj [kqyklS bt gSA ckr brjh bt uh gS b.k lwa vkxS gS d b.k lkjh f;k
dkika jS ika.k feu[k [kwn jh vdy cq/kh jkS vuwBkS vpwaHkS tksx c/kkikS dj
34
67
lfd;ksA rkS Hkklk vj cq/kh jkS vkS c/kkikS feu[k uS nwtk tho/kkfj;ka lwa lQk U;kjkS
c.kk; [kM+kS dfj;kS!
b.k Hkkar Hkklk jkS fodkl gq;kS vj U;kjh U;kjh lH;rkoka eka; U;kjh U;kjh
laLd`fr;ka vj U;kjh U;kjh Hkklkoka tuehA iNS U;kjk U;kjk Hkklk dMwcka lwa fud
u foLo eka; U;kjh U;kjh Hkklkoka jkS fodkl gq;kSA moka eka; lwa ?k.kdjh feVxh
?k.kdjh Hkklkoka uok uok :i cnf;k vj vtS [kklh Hkyh cksyhtS fy[khtS
cjrhtSA
rkS vk ckr lkQ gS d laLd`fr /kje lekt vj tkfr;ka jS nkbZ Hkklk lwa bZ
feu[k jkS fg;S lwa gst gsr jkS ukrkS gSA Hkklk uS ek;M+Hkklk jkS ukae ns; tue nso.k
okh eka jS cjkscj lueku i.k feu[k nsoSA Pkkok Hkklk lkL=h jkefoykl 'kekZ jkS
eku.kkS gS d Hkklk vj m.k jk lcn feu[k jS lk: ckf/kr mRizsjd gSA gdhdru
Hkklk jk lcn cksyf.k;s jS lk: dksjh lkfu;ka ;k blkjk bt uh gS i.k lcnka jh vj
cksyh jh feu[k jS lalkj eka; vsd U;kjh lRrk dk;e gks; tk;k djS gSA D;wa d
Hkklk laLd`fr jkS vsd vax gSA b.k dkj.k cksyh ;k Hkklk jk U;kjk U;kjk rRo dksjk
ckf/kr mRizsjd bt uh gS i.k lkFkS lkFkS lgt mRizsjd bZ gSA feu[kka ek; vkiks
vkijh cksyh lwa gsr jk[k.k jkS dkj.k m.k cksyh jk lcnka jh inkjFkka ;k f;koka jk
uke /kke dke c[kk.k.k jh lxrh bt uh gS i.kcksyh lwa eksg jkS [kkl dkj.k gS
moka ek; ckifj;ksM+h vi.kk;rA Hkklk cksyh vj lcnka jh b.k vi.kk;r lwa
ihf<;ka jk laLdkj tqfM+;ksM+k gS cMsjka jk lEcU/k ?kqf;ksM+k gSA b.k Hkkar Hkklk lwa
cksyf.k;ka jkS gsr m.k bt Hkkar jkS gS ft.k Hkkar Vkcjka jkS mokajk ekbrka lwa gksos gSA ;k
ikrw ftukojka jkS m.kkuS ik.kgkjka lwa gq;k djS gSA Hkklk jS :i ikuM+ht u
Qf;ksM+k /kqfu ladsr feu[k lwa brjk vsdkdkj gks; tkos d feu[k fcuk Hkklk jS
[kqn jh dYiuk bZ uh dj ldSA vkijks ukae mPpkjrka /ksuq bZ dku /kjar jS
fglkc lwa dfg;kS tk ldS d [kqn jS tka.k ispka.k jh /kqfu;ka jS izfr ikrw vj jksbZ
jk tho bZ v.kwrk laosnulhy gq;k djS gSA vka lcnka jS vknw :ika lwa tue ys;
fodflr gq;ksM+h U;kjh U;kjh Hkklkoka jh [kqn jh ?k.kh [kkfl;rka gq;k djS gSA T;wa
mM+nw Hkklk ckcr ba;wa ekfu;kS tkoS gS d b.k Hkklk jS ika.k vsd vnc dk;ns jh
uoh laLd`fr Hkkjr eka; iuihA mM+nw Hkklk jS lcnka jkS fga;s eka; maMkS rjrkS
vjFkka jkS vlj b.k Hkklk jh vsd U;kjh vkaV gSA fganh jh Bhej <axks <ax ckr uS
le>ko.k jh xr vj vaxzsth jk lcnka jh >h.kh ckrka uS [kqyklS lh/kh lkQ xr lwa
c[kk.k.k jh [kkl vkaVA iNS jktLFkkauh jkS ehBkl ;k ehBki.kkS rkS txpkokS gSA
68
dkt;h
vBkrdkr d ftdka uS jktLFkkauh cjr.kh uh vkos oS feu[k bZ b.k Hkklk jS feBkl

[kkrj okg okg djrk fuxS vkoSA ?k.kdjk yksd rkS jktLFkkuh jtkdr uS y[kuoh
utkdr jS l:c: ekuS gSA rkS jktLFkkuh Hkklk jh vk eaxhd ?kld gS vj
Hkklkoka jS dM+awcS eka; b.k jh Bkoh BkSM+ gSA b.k ckcr b;wa ekuhtS gS d mnxe dky
lwa jktLFkkuh eku[kS jh vc[kk;ka b.k eqyd jh vc[kh thoktw.k vBkjk ckfl;ka
uS gsr lwa jso.kkS lh[kk;kSA gj fd.k uS bZ enn nso.kh vj gj fd.k lwa bZ enn yso.kh
vBkjS eku[kS jS lHkko eka; iks;ksM+kS gSA
jktLFkkauh jS ckcr Mk- ,y-ih- VsLlhVksjh vj ,u-oh- fnokfr;k ba;wa
ekurk gk d b.k jkS mn~xe ukxjh ;k ukxj viHkazl lwa gSA Mk- lhrkjkaae ykl
vj dUgS;kyky ekf.kdyky eqUlh jktLFkkauh jkS mn~xe xqtZjh viHkazl lwa ekfu;kS
gSA Mk- lqfufrdqekj pkVqT;Zk jktLFkkauh jS mn~xe jkS ukae lksjkLVh viHkzal jkf[k;kS
ft.k uS ?k.kk fo}ku Hkzked crkork gkA fyfi jh nhB lwa jktLFkkauh fyfi oSfnd
fyfi vj ukxjh fyfi jkS Hks T;wa y[kkoSA i.k mPpkj.k jh nhB lwa ?kksl vj
v?kksl /kqfu;ka dksjh jktLFkkauh eka; bt yknsA
b.k lkjh ckrka iNS bZ ehBh cksyh vj vi.kk;r jS ekeyS eka; jktLFkkauh jk
[kqn jkS U;kjkS BjdkS gSA T;wa ijHkkrka bZ fcLrjka lwa ckjS vkoka ;k uhan [kqy tkoS t.kS
?k.kh BkSM+ cksyhtS d mBx;k&xsV vi&i.k jktLFkkauh eka; [kkl dj uS ekjokM+
eka; mB tko.kkS mNkks dj.k uS dsoS gSA ft.k jkS vjFk gksoS vkijh tue Hkkse
geslka okLrS NksM nso.khA vj uhan [kqy.k uS eaxhd fygktS esa cksyhtS viks<h
gkso.kkS&vikss<h gks; x;k jkS vjFk gq;kS uhan lwa tkx*j fcLrj NksM+ fn;kSA viks<h
lcn iks<.k lwa cf.k;ks gS ft.k jkS vjFk gksoS uhan yso.k [kkrj fcLrjka ekFkS
lkso.kksA rkS lkso.k [kkrj dsghtSyk iks<x;kA iks<.kkS laLd`r iyksVue~ jkS
viHkza'k gSA geS ts NksVS Vkcj uS uhan lwa txko.kkS gksoS rkS FkksMk+ sd uje uktqd lcn
lwa dke yhjhtS d Vkcj uS muhankS djnka ;k lqtkd djnkSA vBS l uh cksyhtS
i.k l vj g jS es jkS mPpkj.k Lg cksyhtS Lgqtkd djnkS!
geSa ts lkdS bZ fuiV.k tko.kkS gksoS rkS de le> okkS cksysyk d >kMS+
tkmaA i.k dha le>okkS cksysyk d cu eka; tk;uS vkmaA RkkjS bZ cu eka;
izd`fr jk njl.k dj.k uS tko.k jh vkM lwa [kqn jh ckr mrerk lwa vj eaxhdrk
lwa le>ko.k jkS vkS jktLFkkau jkS U;kjkS rjhdkS gSA geS ts dksbZ NksVkS Vkcj Hkksi lwa
dBsbZ csBkS lwrkS >kM+kS djnS rkS dfg;kS tkosyk d Vkcj Hkfj;k dj fn;kA b;wa bZ
eka Vkcj uS Vse lj >kMS+ cSBkoS t.kS f;k dke yhjhtS lhlokM+.kkSA eka Vkcj uS
35
69
[kqn jk ixka ekFkS cSBk; u ewaMS lwa lhVh jh /kqfu dk<S ft.k uS lq.k u Vkcj ,dkxz
gks; tkoS vj m.k uS eR;kx jh bPNk gks; tkoSA b.k BkSM+ Vkcj uS VV~Vh cSBko.kkS
cksyka rkS vlH;rk ekuhtSA RkkS ekaoka cksyS d Vkcj uS lhlokM+ nwaA Tks NksVks Vkcj
lwrkS lwrkS fcLrjka ek; ew= R;kx djnS rkS b;wa uh cksyhtS d Vkcj ewr fn;kS i.k
cksyhtsyk d Vkcj Hkhaft;k dj fn;kA Hkhaft;k lcn Hkhat.kS lwa cf.k;kS gS
ft.k jkS vjFk gksoS dksbZ pht fHkatks; nso.kh xhyh dj nso.khA eR;kx lwa
fuifV;ka iNS t:jh lQkbZ dj.k uS dghtS mtkbZ dj.kkSA ts gkFk /kkso.kkS cksyka
rkS xaok:i.kkS ykxsykA D;wa d gkFk /kkso.kkS dksbZ pht uS xeko.k jS vjFk lwa
dghtSA Hkkstu jh osk HkykabZ ijHkkrka gksokS ;k csikjka jktLFkku eka; [kko.kkS uh
cksyhtsyk D;wa d dksbZ pht [kko.k jkS eryc gM+i yso.kkSA dksbZ Hkkstu lk: ewaMS
lwa [kko.k jkS dke gksoS rkS cksyhtSyk the.kkSA the.kkS laLd`r jh f;k theue~
lwa cf.k;kS gSA the.kkS ts lkdS gksoS rkS cksykayk lhjko.k dj.kks ;k cksyhtsyk
dysokS dj.kkS vj csikjS jk Hkkstu jkS ukaae csikjkS dj.kkS dk dksjks the.kks bt
dghts ;k nksikjkS dj.kkS dghtSA fla;k jk Hkkstu dj.k uS cksyhtsyk C;kw
dj.kkSA b.k ckr uS tS ?k.kS ekau lueku lkFks dj.kh gksoS rkS cksykayk vjksx.kkSA
Fkk vjksx.kkS dkalkS vjksx.kkSA vjksx.kkS lcn laLd`r jk vkjksX; lwa cf.k;kS
gS ft.k jkS vjFk gksoS gS Hkkstu dj.kkS vj eje vkS gq;kS d vki Hkkstu djkS ft.k
lwa vkjksX; ;kfu fujksxki.kkS ik; ldkSA b.k lwa bZ mij vknj Hkko lwa dfg;ks tkoS
b.k bt lcn jS izsj.kkFkZd :i uS dke ys; u vjksxko.kkSA Fkk vjksxkokS
dkaalks vjksxkoksA vjFk gq;ks d vki vki js lqHk ljhj jk vaxka lwa Hkkstu vjksx.k
jh f;k djokokS vkS pks[kkS ykx.k jkS lH;rk lwa cksy.k jkS rjhdkS gSA fganh eka;
izsj.kkFkZd :i jkS vjFk gksosyk dke uS nwtS jS ika.k ikj yxko.kkSA T;wa Hkkstu
djokb;s ft.k jkS vjFk gq;kS Hkkstu dksbZ nwtS uS dj.k jkS vMka.k Bko.kkSA i.k
jktLFkkauh Ekka; izsj.kkFkZd :i vknj vj lueku [kkrj dke yhjhtSA b.k <ax lwa
izsj.kkFkZd f;k :i dkae yso.k jkS jktLFkkfu;ka jkS [kqn jS U;kjkS vk/;kRe gSA
vsd njl.k gSA Hkkjr jS vk/;kRe lkL= eka; ljhj vj vkRek nks; U;kjh lRrkoka
ekuhtSA [kko.kkS iho.kkS mB.kkS csB.kkS vko.kkS tko.kkS tsM+h lalkjh f;koka [kkrj
ljhj ftEesnkj gSA vj lksp.kkS fopkj.kkS eu ljhj ekFkS la;e jk[k.kkS tSM+h lw{e
f;koka [kkrj vkRek ;kfu lw{e ljhj ftEesnkj gksoS gSA i.k jktLFkkauh ljhj vj
vkRek nksuka uS bZ cjkscj bTtr cxlSA rkS vjksxkokS jkS vjFk gq;kS d gS egku vkRek
vki vkijS ljhj uS gqde fnjkokS d oks Hkkstu djSA b.k bt Hkkar lkso.k lk:
cksyhtsyk iks<kokS vj tkx.k lk: dghtsyk mBkokM+kSA nso.k okLrS fnjkokM+kS
70
dkt;h
vj fyjkokM+kS ;k cSB.k [kkrj fojkt.kkS gksoS cksyhtsykA Tkko.k vko.k lk:

i/kkj.kks OgS ;k i/kkj.kkS gkslhA i/kkj.kkS lcn laLd`r jh /kkrq in/kkj.ke~ jkS
viHkzal gSA b.k jkS vjFk gS ixka uS /kkj.k dj.kkA b.k f;k uS bZ ts dha uktqdrk
lwa c[kk.k.kh gksoS rkS cksykayk d ixscky OgkSA b.k jkS vjFk gq;kS egksn; ;k
egksn;k vki vkijS ixka jS c gks; gky.k jh esgj djkokSA rkS ts brjh uktqdrk
vj vnc lwa fd.kuS bZ gky.k jh ckr dsoka rkS erS bZ m.k jh gkyh ghjka rqy
tkosykA b.k okLrS dghtS d cuk jh gkyh ghjka rksyh lk i.k pky.kkS cksy.kkS
vlqHk ekuhtSA ts ds;nka d oS rkS pkyrk fj;k rkS vujFk gks; tkoSA pky.kkS e`R;q
lwa vjFk jk[kSA i.k ts ds;kS gksoS d Qyk.kth ejX;k rkS lko xaokji.kkS ykxsykA
dg.kkS iMsy
+ k d ljhj NksM+ fn;kSA pkyrk fj;kA geS pkyrk fj;k bZ ?k.kkS pks[kkS
uh gS dso.kkS pkbtS d oSadwV okl fd;kSA gj vsd cksy vj crko.k jS lkFkS
eaxhdrk vj feBkl Hkj.kkS b.k Hkklk jh [kqn jh [kkfl;r gSA ts dksxr dj.kh
gksoS rkS b eaxhdrk lwaA T;wa mij okkS eqgkojkS tn el[kjh lwa cksyhtsyk rkS m.k
jkS vjFk gks; tkosyk gs vklh vkrek mB vj gky Fkkjh ?k.kh dìkA jkso.kkS uh
cksyhtS D;wa d vlH;rk ykxSA b.k f;k lk: eaxhd eqgkojkS gS csjkth
gkso.kkSA
Hkklkoka jS tue ckcr bZ;wa ekauhtS gS d iSykiSy tn feu[k cksy.kkS
lhf[k;kS m.k c[kr okS cksyrkS uh gkS i.k xkorkS gkSA D;wa d O;kdj.k uh ghA Lkks
lcnka uS [kkl y; lwa xk; u vjFkko.k jh tqxr djrkS gkSA Hkklk jS tue jS c[kr
jk vsM+k vsyka.k twuh Hkklkoka jS lkFkS lkFkS c/kkiS okh Hkklkoka eka; bZ vkt rd
ykn tkoS T;wa phuh Hkklk eka; lcnka uS cksyrka Fkdka moka jh :.k ;k y; cn.k
lwa vjFk cn tkosA T;wa eka lcn jks vsd y; lwa vjFk gksoS esaMdkS nwth y; lwa
vjFk gksosyk iVlu vj rhtS lqj eka; m.k jkS vjFk gksoS gS ?kksM+kSA i.k jktLFkkauh
eka; y; cn.k lwa myVkS vjFk gks; tkoSA T;wa ekuykS d fd.kjs bZ ?kj eka; iwjh
[kqlgkyh gS rkS b.k lk: eqgkojkS dke yhjhtS jketh jkth gSA m.k ?kj ek;a
jketh jkth gS vks vsd y; lwa cksyka rkS vjFk [kqlgkyh lwa gksoS vj FkksM+ksd
eqdrka cksyhtS jketh jkth gS rkS dksbZ le> tkosyk d gkyr irh gSA
Qyk.kkS vkneh dsM+kS gS ;k dksbZ pht dSM+k xq.k voxq.k jk[kS tn iwNka rkS tokc
feS d lko bt gS ;k pks[kkS bt gSA geS vk ckr fd.k vjFk lk:a dsbth gS
vkS le>.k lk: cksyf.k;S jh Vksu ;kfu m.k jh ?kld le>.kh iMS+ykA cksy.k jh
Vksu lwa bt Bkg iMS+ d jk; pks[kh nh gS ;k cqjhA D;wa d dksbZ cqjkS gS vs vsM+k cksy
36
71
jktLFkkau jk cklh vkijh tcku ekFkS uh ykoSA b.k bt Hkkar ?kj jh /kf.k;k.kh [kqn
jS ?kjS pwykS psrkoS gS ckS ;k tkoS uh gSA pwyS uS ltx djS Hksktu c.ksykA
vj iNS Hkkstu idko.kkS uh cksyhtS cksyhtSyk lh/kks dj.kks] jlksbZ dj.khA
idko.kkS lcn ekalkgkfj;ka [kkrj dkae vkoSA [kk.kks bZ ekalkgkfj;ka lk: bt dke
yhjhtSA b.k Hkkar [kk.kkS idkbtS vj jlksbZ djhtSA ts fd.kuS bZ ika.kh iho.kkS
gksoS rkS okS cksysyk t lsok djkokslkA D;wa d ika.kh nso.k jkS vjFk rji.k dj.k
lwa gSA b.k bt rjg jksVh nso.kkS ;k /kj.kkS uh cksyhtS i.k cksyhtSyk Qydks
iqjlkokslk] jksVh iqjlkokslkA ehBkS iqjlkokslkA
vsd Hkk*lk O;klth oSL.ko Hkkstuky; eSa cSBk vjksx fj;k gkA Hkkstu
iqjlf.k;k dksbZ iwjfc;k ekjkt gk ftdk c.kkoVh jktLFkkuh cksyrk Fkdka euokjka
djrka iwfN;kS d dabZ Hkk*lk /k:a dabZ vsd vk/k\ ckr rkS Fkkh eka; Qydh
iqjl.k jh ghA i.k tn O;klth dha tokc uh fn;kS t.kS oS nks vsd okj HkS iwN
fy;ks d dabZ Hkk*lk /k:a dabZ vsdvk/k\ O;klth uS vkS /k:a /k:a dha Bhd uh
ykfx;kSA i.k ekjkt vsd okj HkS iwN fy;kS d Hkk*lk /k:a dabZ vsd vk/k\
gedS O;klth jkrh vkaf[k;ka djrk cksfy;k d ^vki tSMk+ pkj vk; tkoS rkS bZ
/kj.k uh nwa vj vsd /kjS rkS ikNh pkj /kjnwa fx.k fx.k uS le> dabZ jkf[k;ks gS\
vk dabZ /k:a /k:a yxk jk[kh gS\* geS ekjkt rkS fprcaxk gks; mck fj;kA ckr vk
gh d O;klth jkS pkj okj /k:a /k:a cksy.k jkS vjFk O;klth >kiV /kj.k lwa
yxk; fy;kS vj jhlka c x;kA t.kS [kuS cSBk nwtk feu[kka O;klth uS le>k;k
d ekjkt rkS Qydh /kj.k jh ckr ds; fj;k gSA t.kS O;klth BaMk gksork cksfy;k
d rkS b;wa cksyks ekjkt d lk Qydh iqjlwa dabZ\ vk /k:a /k:a dabZ yxk; jk[kh
gSA
?k.kk ft.kk b;wa ds;k djS gS d jktLFkkuh eSa vkokS rkS bZ i/kkjkS lk vj tkoS
rkS bZ i/kkjkS lkA i.k lkph ckr rkS vk gS d vko.k lk: rkS i/kkjkS lk bt cksyhtS
i.k tko.k lk: cksyhtSyk fl/kkokSA fl/kko.kkS fl/kkj.kkSA fl/kk.kkS lcn
dke fl gkso.k jkS vjFk jk[kSA ft.k dke [kkrj jokuS gks; tk; fj;k gkS okS
dke fl/n gksoS brjh eaxhdrk lwa dghtS d Qyk.kh tkxk Qyk.kkS dke dj.k
uS vki fl/kkokS lkA b;wa tk.kkS f;k lwa tkokS cksyhtS rkS gS i.k vkS FkksM+ksd dVq
ykxSA vke ckr rkS U;kjh i.k ts vkS iwN.kkS gksoS d dBS tkokS gkS t.kS iwNhtsyk d
fl/k i/kkjkS lkA D;wa d dBS vj tkokS vS nksuka bZ dVdkjk vlqHk ekuhtSA b.k
okLrs dfg;kS gS d
72
dkt;h
fl/kks fl/kkoks fl/k djks jgks rks vkijh jk;A

b.k yk[kh.kS eq[k lwa tkokS dg~;kS u tk;A
geS ekuykS d fd.kh HkkbZ uS ckjs tko.k [kkrj iwN.kkS gksoS d HkbZ EgSa
tko.kkS pkma gwa tqdkS jokuS gks; tkma dabZ\ rks oks iwNsyk d lh[k d:a lk\ ;k
lh[k d:a gqde\ lh[k nso.k jkS vjFk gq;kS d tkorka c[kr ftdh t:jh
fgnk;rka nhjhtSA tS lh[k yso.k jkS eryc gq;kS d t:jh fgnk;rka ys; jokuk gks;
tkokSA b.k bt Hkkar ts fd.kus bZ dksbZ nwth tkxk iwxko.kkS gksos rkS dghtsyk d
Qyk.kS uS lh[k ns; uS vkmaA D;wa d iqxko.kkS dha vlqHk ekuhtSA b.k jS lkFkS
fl/kkj.kkS i/kkj.kkS lcnka lkFkS bZ cksy.k jh y; vj c[kr jkS laLdkj tqfM+;ksM+kS gSA
T;wa dksbZ csVse vk; /kedS fcuk cqyk;ka ;k cksyf.k;kS dha ukjkt gksoS rkS dsosyk d
i/kkjX;k d\ ;k vS i/kkfj;kA b.k jkS vjFk b;wa gq;kS d dq.k cqyk;k gk vkiuS\
dfBlwa vk; iwxk\ ;k vkokS gekj dq.k ;kn djrkS gkS\ dabZ t:jr iM+h gh
vko.k jh\ ;kfu ukjktxh lkFkS bt i:lhtS gSA iNS ekuykS d dksbZ lqjxoklh
gks; tkoS rkS m.k okLrS bZ lueku lwa dghtS gS d i/kkfj;ka uS ;k fl/kk;ka uS nks;
cjl gks; x;kA eryc lqjxokl gq;ka uS nks; cjl chr x;kA ts dksbZ pht cLr
jh deh iM+ tkoS rkS nwth Hkklkoka eSa cksyhtS d Qyk.kh pht de gSA i.k
jktLFkkuh eka; deh uSa deh uh trkbtSA Tks fd.k uS bZ deh jh ckr dso.kh gS rkS
oks cksysyk d Qyk.kh pht cnrh gSA cnrh gS jkS vjFk gq;kS ?k.kh gSA i.k vBS
vkS cnrh lcn deh uS tkfgj djSA vkVks cnrkS bt gS&[kkaM cnrh bt gSA b;wa
b.k BkSM+ bt yxko.k lwa b.k jkS vjFk derh lwa gks; x;kSA vj vkl; gq;kS d vkVkS
de iM+ x;kS gSA [kkaM jh deh vk;xh gSA cn.kkS lcn laLd`r jh /kkrq o`f jkS
viHkzal gS ft.k jkS vjFk gq;k djS gS vf/kd ;kfu ?k.kkS gSA i.k jktLFkkauh cnrh
;k cnrkS cksys rkS m.k jkS blkjks deh dkuh gq;k djS gSA b.k bt Hkkar fn;ks cq>ko.kkS
uh cksyhtS&crh cq>ko.kh cksy.kkS pks[kkS uh ykxS i.k cksyhtsyk d fn;ks cMks
djnks crh jkt dj nksA cMks dj.k jkS vjFk gq;kS m.k jh o`f dj.kh vj jkt
dj.k jkS eryc gS yqdko.kkSA i.k nksuka jkS eje gS cq>ko.kkSA b;wa bt cksikjh
nqdku cUn dj.kh uh cksysyk i.k cksysyk d nqdku Mks<h djkSA tn dsos d
nqdku Mks<h djnkS rkS le> tkoS d nqdku cUn dj.kh gSA b;wa lh/kh Hkklk eka;
Mks< jkS vjFk gq;kS Ms< xq.kkS dj.kkSA ts cksy x;k d nqdku cUn djnh rkS vjFk
gksosyk cksikj iwjkS bt NksM+ nso.kkSA ;k cksy ldka d nqdku eaxk;nkSA b;wa bZ
feUnj jk dikV bZ eaxhtS gS cUn dj.kkS uh cksyhtSA eaxko.kkS f;k dksbZ
37
73
dkae jh eaxhd iwj.krk jkS vkHkkl djkoSA b;wa bZ cksyhtS d feanj jk dikV
eaxk; nkSA ts dikV eaxko.k jkS vjFk cUn dj.kks gksoS rkS gksh eaxko.k
jks vjFk gksh ngu lwa gSA gksh eaxhtS gS ckhtS ;k tkbtS uh gS D;wa d gksh
ck.kks tko.kks vlqHk cksy ekuhtSA
vkil jk xUuk jk bZ vsM+k bt ehBk uke fn;ksM+k gSA T;wa dkdks uh
dkdkslk cksyhts ckcks ;k rkm uh thlkgc ;k thlk dso.kkS pks[kkS ykxSA nknS uS
nkrklk vj eksVS HkkbZ uS HkkHkkslk] Hkblk] Hkkblk] Hkkck ;k dksbZ ?k.kS ykM lwa
crko.kkS gksoS rkS dksjks Hkk bt ds; ldkaA firk uS vknj lwa vkilk ds;k djS gSA
?kj jh cmokfj;ka dha ?k.kh yqrkbZ okh gq;k djS gSA b.k [kkrj oS lklw uS
lklwthjkt ;k cmthjkt tsBk.kh uS HkkHkhthjkt nsjk.kh uS chu.khlk tsB uS
HkkHkksthjkt vj nsoj uS ykythlk usuthlk xhxthlk uke lwa crkosykA
u.kn tS mej esa eksVh gS rkS ckbthjkt vj NksVh gS rkS ckbthyky dghtsykA
b.k dkj.k ?k.kk feu[k dksxr djS d jktLFkksu jh cmokfj;ka lkljs jk ftukojka uS
bZ thdkjk nsoSA
vsd uoh vk;ksM+h cmokjh vkijS lkljS cSBh ?kjVh Qsjrh ghA vk/kksd
ihl.kkS dfj;kS gksbZ d ?kj jh XokM+h jkS vsd dqrkS tqdkS iwjkS fulad gkS [kuS vk;
mckS vj vkVkS pkV.k jkS dki dj.k ykxkSA geS ?kwa?kVs eka; <fd;ksM+h ok uoh
chu.kh yk;.k dabZ djrh\ lkS iwjh yqrkbZ lwa m.k dqrS uS /kqjdkfj;kS ?kqjjS
dqrkssthA i.k dqrksth jS ckr le> eSa lk;r de vkbZ lkS oks ikNkS ?kksjdks dfj;ks
gwgwgwA t.kS ok yk;.k lsoV gkj ekurh cksyh &vjksxkS dwrksth vjksxkS EgkjkS dabZ
tkoS vkS rkS lSax vkijkS bt gS EgSa fd;ks lkFkS ys; u vkb gwa\ rkS b.k Hkkar jh
dgkorka b.k eqyd jS ehBki.kS uS bt c[kka.kSA
lSax tkrka jk viks vkijk QwVjk lueku lwa uke fn;ksM+k gSA T;wa dk;Lr
jk; lkgc jS uke lwa tk.khts rks vkslokksa us eqlh lkgc ;k eqlkfgc dsosA
iqLdj.kk czkg~e.k Hkklk ;kfu lcjk Hkblk gksos rkS nwtk czkg~e.k iaMrlk cktSA
jktiwr vkerksj lwa Bkdj lkgc dghts rkS pkj.k nsoh iq= ;k dfojktA dwackjka
uS iztkir dsoS vj lqFkkjkaa uS fouk;dthA fouk;d x.kslth jkS ukae gS twdkS
dyk flYi jkS nsork ekuhtSA cksikjh lc lsB cktSA tkV fdlku bTtr law
pks/kjhlk dghtSA Ekkh ckxokauth vj ckojh pkSdhnkjA
lSax tkr U;kr jk tokjM+k dj.k jk vkikS vkijk U;kjk eqgkojk gSA jktiwr
pkj.k ferka bZ tSekrkth jh dsosyk iNS ts lkeykS fef.k;kS ?k.kh maph gSfl;r
74
dkt;h
okkS gq;kS rkS [kek?k.kh vjt djsykA T;wa tekbZ lklw uS [kek?k.kh vjt fd;k
djS gSA [kek?k.kh eqxyka jS les jk eksVs lwa tokjM+k dj.k jk cksy gS ft.k jkS vjFk
gksoS vki jS vkljs [kSj vj veu ?k.kkS jsoSA czkg~e.k ferka bZ ik;sykxwalk
cksysykA flYih dykdkj jkejke djsyk lsB yksd t; :?kukFkth jh t;Jh
d`L.k djsyk RkkS nlukeh lk/kw ueksukjk;.k cksysyk vj es?kok tS ckcs jh
djsyk vkfnoklh Hkhy tS ikcw jh ds; u tokjM+k djsykA
iNS ts vki vkFkw.kS jktLFkkauh fla/kh flikbZ lwa feks rkS m.kjk dfj;ksM+k
tokjM+k ;kn jk[ktksA D;wa d oks tokjM+k djrka bZ iwjs pksrks jk gky iwNsykA
dhadj\ FkksM+ks d /;ku fnjkoksA vLyka okysdqeA okysdqevLykeA LkkabZ\
lqBks\ lqBks lkabZA lqBksA rkS HkkbZ lS.k\ lqBkA rkS xke&xokM+h\ lqBkA rkS
<ksj&Mkaxj\ lqBkA rkS pPpks cPpks\ lqBkA rkS dwdM+ fcYyh\ lqBkA rkS
ckl.k HkkaMk\ lqBkA rkSS jksb :a[kM+k\ lqBkA lSax lqBkA lqBk lkabZ lqBkA
b.k jS vykok ukfj;ka uS bTtr nso.k lk: U;kjh ijEijk gSA ts dksbZ tkr
jS ykjs th yxk; u ckr djks rkS m.k jkS vjFk m.k tkr jh ukjh lwa gksoS gSA T;wa
gkMhth jkS vjFk gq;kS gkMk tkr jh yqxkbZA vj ?k.kdjk rkS Vkcj bZ eka jh tkr lwa
vks[khtSA T;wa iSyk jktkoka jS nks; rhu jkf.k;ka gksorh tn mokajk Vkcj eka jS ykjS
vks[khtrkA T;wa jkBksM+ fd;k\ gkMhth jk ;k HfV;ka.khth jk\
rkS jktLFkkuh ftrjh ehBh gS mrjh bt folky gSA le` gSA lcnka vjFkka
eqgkojka vj vks[kka.kk vkfM;ka dgkorka jS Hkjiwj HkaMkj lk: jktLFkkauh ?k.kh pkoh
HkklkA b.k Hkklk eka; lkjk ftukojka jh Hkklk jk U;kjk U;kjk ukae gSA T;wa xk;
VksxfM+;S uS ns[k uS rkackMS+ i.k vke rkSj lwa jxS gSA b;wa bZ HkSal fjM+dS vj dqrkS HkqlS
gS cdjh cksdS yjM+h fxykjS ?kksMk+ S ghalS aB vjM+koS vj [khtS gS x/kks jhadS
HkwadS fl;kf;ks gqdh djSA ftukojka jk >qaM jk U;kjk U;kjk uke T;wa xk;ka jkS ckx
?kksM+ka jh gsM+ aBka jkS Vksks cdfj;ka jh Nkax yjfM+;ka jkS vsoM+ galka jh ikar
feu[kka jh tekr U;kr ;k lHkkA ftukojka jS NksVk cfN;ka jk mej jS eqtc U;kjk
U;kjk ukeA T;wa xk; jS tuers cfN;S uS yokfj;kS dsoS iNS FkksM+ks d eksVkS gksoS t.kS
dsjM+kS dsoS iNS FkksM+kS d eksVkS gksoS t.kS VksxfM+;kS iNS HkS FkksM+kS d eksVkS gksoS
t.kS ukjfd;kS iNS iwjkS toku gksoS t.kS cn ;k c.ktkj vj cw<kS gks; tkoS t.kS
<kxkSA b.k bt Hkkar aB jS tuerS cfN;s uS dsoS dqfj;kS FkksM+ks d eksVkS gksoS t.kS
rksfM;kS m.k jS iNS ikaxf;kS iNS ikax iNS aB vj cw<kS gks; tkoS t.kS MkxkS
;k MjM+kSA
38
75
jktLFkkauh jkS feBkl vj folkyrk Hkklkoka jS lalkj eka; vsd U;kjh

felky gSA i.k ?k.kh okj ijnslh Hkklkoka jS ek;k tk eka; feu[k vsM+ks itS gS d
m.kuS b.k ckr jkS /;ku uh jsos d pks[kh vj [kjkc jh lhe js[k fdlh gSA T;wa
vsd mnkgj.k ckcw lcn jkS ysokaA fd.k us bZ ts ckcwth ;k ckcw ds; uS crkoka
rkS oks ?k.kkS jkth gksosykA i.k b.k lcn jkS eje tkf.k;ka iNS rkS lSxka uS bZ b.k ekFkS
jhl vk;ka bt jsosykA Ckkcw lcn caxky lwa vk;kS gSA caxkyh feu[kka uS vaxzst
ckcw ds; crkork gkA D;wa d mokajkS jax lkaokS gq;k djS gSA ckr vk gS d ckcw
lcn cscwu lwa cf.k;kS gSA cscwu vhdk eka; fe.k okS vsd Hkkar jS ckanjs uS
ds;k djS gSA rkS vaxzst vhdk vj Hkkjr jk feu[kka uS cscwu ;kfu ckanjks ds; u
crkork gkA xqykeh jk fnuka eSa fcuk fopkfj;ka vaxzstka jh ekrsrh eka; dke
djf.k;ka uS vkS ukae lw.k.kkS iM+rkS vj m.k jS iNS b.k jh vknr iVdnhA b.k jS
vjFk ekFkS rkS [kSj fopkj dj.kks bZ NksM+ fn;kSA geS vktdky rkS [kSj vaxzstka jS ewaMS
lwa fudfksMS+ b.k lcn uS ?k.kh bTtr fef;ksM+h gSA i.k ts [kqn uS ckcw dsokM+ u
jkth gksof.k;S uS ts crk;nka d HkbZ vki ckcw ;kfu cscwu ft.k jkS vjFk ckanjks gksoS
gS rkS dsM+h d gksoSA ijnslh Hkklk lwa vkS vka/kks eksg ?k.kh oSk rkS Hkklk jS ukae ekFkS
>xM+k djk;nS jksk gksork ns[kka gkaA i.k dksbZ Hkklk vkiljh ek;a yM+.kkS uh
lh[kkoSA FkksMk+ d ykjS >kad j ns[kkaA Tkho i[ks:oka uS le>kaA TkS vkax.kS ek;a dksbZ
feUuh vk; iwxS rkS fpfM+;ka vsd U;kjh xr lwa pha pha jh ?kkbZ ekaM nsosykA vkS
mokajkS vsd blkjks gS [kqn jh Hkklk ek;a dfj;ksMh+ mn~?kksl.kk gS d ekSr lko usMh+ gSA
vj fpfM+;ka jh b.k Hkklk uS vkax.kS jk lkjk tho le> u lkopsr gks; tkoSA b.k
bt Hkkar jksb eka; tS dksbZ fgald tho ?kkr djS rkS HkykabZ ckanjks ?kqM+dks vj HkykabZ
jks> rkackaM+ks nwtk lSax ftukoj mokajh Hkklk le> ijh u vkikS vkijk tru dj
nsoSA geS ts b.k BksM+ ftukoj vkikS vkijh Hkklk jkS c[ksM+kS [kM+kS djS d HkbZ jks>
vk Fkkjh Hkwa Hkk rkS EgkjS le> lwa ckjs gS rkS vsd vk/k jh eksr rkS r; gS btA vk
bt ckr feu[kka ekFkS ykxw gksoSA lalkj eak; ftrjh Hkklkoka cksyhtS mrjkbZ jksk
ckij tkoSA Tks vka v.k [kknh jk jkska uS vk?kk ck uS feu[k tho i[ks:oka jS nkbZ
vsd nwts jh cksyh lwa gsr dj u m.k jkS Qk;nkS ysoS rkS Hkklk jS bfr;klw :Ik eka;
pkj pkan ykx tkoSA
ppp
twatkj tu dfo jSaorth

iwjkS ukae jSaornkau dfYirA jSaornkau jS lkFkS dfYir ukae jSaorth /kkfj;kS
gkS dksbZ 1945&46 jS vsMS+ NsMS+A feu[k :i jS ft.k lkapS eka; oS [kqn uS <k.k jh
fopkjh gh osM+kS gkM ekal jkS feu[k b.k /kjrh ekFkS gkso.kkS rkS vsd dYiuk jh ckr
bt ghA b.k Hkkar ukae dfYir jSaorth jS ukae jS vkxS vksirkS vj QkcrkS y[kkoSA
fQVksfQV!
geS ts b.k ckr ekFkS fopkj djka d jSaorth dq.k gk dabZ gk dSM+k gk dBkjk
gk dabZ djrk gk rkS aMkS fopkj dfj;ka y[kkoS d b.k vkik/kkih jh nqfu;k eka;
LokFkZ lwa gcksNc lalkj eka; jSaorth D;wa gkA jSaorth tsM+k tho jkS b.k nqfu;k eka;
tho.kks rkS vsd dfYir feu[k jh ifjHkklk eka; yk; [kM+k djSA jSaorth jkS tsM+kS
O;fDrRo gks oks ?k.kk ft.kk uS pks[kkS ykxrkS v.kwrka uS v.k[k.kkS ykxrkS Hkyk feu[kka
uS lokorks i.k v.ktk.k vkneh uS HkjekorkSA vsd v.ktka.k xkesrh mokajh
vks[kka.k ckcr [kqn moka lwa iwNrkN djhA t.kS oS galrk dksxr djrk tokc
fn;ks&ukae jSaor tkr pkj.k xke er vkf.k;kS vj b.k ukae jS ijoka.ks dke bZ rhu
isykS dfork fy[k.kkS lq.kko.kkS nwtkS odkyr vj rhtkS jktfufrA vkxS vkSj crkma
csVk bZ rhuA vsd lkfgrdkj gS nwtks odhy gS vj rhtks vki le> x;k gksoksyk
d jktfufr djS gSA b.k nks; vksf;ka eSa [kqn jh vks[kka.k djk; jSaorth vkijh
mej jkS iwjkS ijoka.kkS [kksy u jk[k fn;kSA iNS m.k iwN.k okS feu[k uS ikNkS
iwfN;kS&i.k vki vS lSax ckrka D;wa tak.k.kh /kkjh gkS\
m.k vkneh [kqn jh vc[kkbZ crkbZ&EgkjS [ksr jkS Vaa Vks gS vsd ykaBh ikjVh
ykaBkbZ lwa ncko.k jh /kkjyh gSA eksVk odhy dj.kk EgkjS cl jh ckr uh gSA tqdkS
?k.kh tqxr fd;ka bZ lyV uh fj;ks gSA EguS dksbZ Hkys feu[k vkijkS uake crk;
fn;ksA EgSa eu eka; fopkj dfj;kS d jSaorth rkS dfork djS gS iNS dpsfM+;ka jh
jkM+ dhadj lyVk; nsosyk\ jSaorth [kqn jkS FksykS ma[k.krk cksfy;k&nq[k feVko.k
jkS BsdkS rkS mij okS Hkxokau ys; jkf[k;kS gS i.k EgSa bZ pkj.k gwa lks t:jr ifM+;ka
39
77
m.k jS bZ psrkouh jk pwafV;k Hkjywa gwaA geS oks vtka.k gq;ksM+kS csBkS gS t.kS vkaik uS bZ
dabZ u dabZ rkS dj.kkS bt iM+syk dA gkykS dpsM+h gkykS FkkajS [ksr jh yM+kbZ l:
djkaA
i.k jSaorth yM+kbZ dksjh l: bt uh djrk vkik/kkih jS lkeh ix jksi
ftrjS lyVokM+ks uh gksorkS ftrjS lkal uh [kkorkA b.k ekeyS eka; nkokS eqdnekS
cjlka pkfy;kSA m.k djlS jk odhy rkS jSaorth gq;k i.k lkeyh ykaBh ikjVh eksVk
eksVk odhy dfj;kA djlS lwa rkS jSaorth Qhl uh yh i.k lkeyh ikjVh jk Qhlka
eka; brjk iblk ykfx;k d tehu jS m.k VqdMs+ jh dher dLehj jh tehu jS
cjkscj gks;xhA vkt rd vkS ekeykS pksrkS eka; dLehj dkaM lwa pkokS gSA
nwtS jh ihM+ jS ykjS [kqn uS Hkwy tko.kkS jSaorth jh tue tkr vknr ghA
b.k vknr jS dkj.k ?k.kk eYykHkk;ka mokauS Hkjek;kA oS ?k.kk /kks[kk [kk;kA ?k.khokj
rkS moka jh dfork bZ dwd dk<rh y[kkorhA
HkjkslkS uh b.k HkkVka jkSA csirs jh xsyh VkVka jkSA
iNSb jSaorth jh cyk lwa djS tqdkS tka.kSA moka jS dke dkt eka; dha Qjd
uh y[kkorkSA tks/kiqj jS vsd pkoS lkfgrdkj jS ?kjS C;kao gkSA b.k C;kao eka;
vtka.kS bZ vsd dfo chtyh jh pisV eka; m> x;kA m.k tekuS eka; fctyh jkS
Mj feu[kka eka; dsM+kS gkS b.k BkSM+ crko.k jh t:jr uh gSA i.k jSaorth [kqn jS
lHkko jS eqtc vkS njlko uh ns[k lfd;kA lkjk mck mck ns[k fj;k gk vj
jSaorth tho tks[ke eka; Ugk[k uS m.k dfo HkkbZ uS fctyh jh pisV lwa NksMko.k
uS m> x;kA geS jketh jk fnu fn;ksM+k gk lks jSaorth bZ cp x;k vj m.k dfo
HkkbZ uS bZ cpk; fy;kSA i.k m.k BkSM+ mcksM+k ?k.kk feu[kka b.k uS jSaorth jh xsykbZ
crkbZ vj iNS bZ galrk jsorkA galf.k;ka uS dabZ Bkg d xjhc djlk lwa Qhl uh
ysof.k;ks odhy&etnwj xjhc jh ihM+ uS [kqn jh ihM+ tka.k xhr xkof.k;ks dfo
rkS vkijh mej eka; vsM+k ?k.kk dke djrk fj;k gSA b.k gkyr eka; ?k.kk ft.kk
fldk;r dj ldS d dfo jSaor th uS [kqn jS ?kj ckj jh dha lku/;ku uh gS rkS vk
ckr U;kjh gSA i.k jSaorth uS rkS dksbZ xkaesrh jh jkM+ feVko.kh gh dk dksbZ xh ;k
lM+d ekFkS fctyh uh iwx.k jkS lksp gkSA b.k jS iNS lka> jk dksbZ dfo lEesyu
eka; [kqn jk lq.kf.k;ka uS fujkl uh dj.k jh vka.k ghA b.k fcpS tS ekVlkc LoMk- lhrkjkaeth ykl fe x;k rkS moka jS lcndksl jh vc[kkbZ lwa b fHkM+.kkS
gkSA vS lSax dke jSaorth jh gwal eka; Hksk gkA b.k gkyrka esa [kqn jh fxjLrh rkS
Hkxokau HkjkslS bt pky ldSA lu 1951&52 jh ckr gS ekVlkc Lo- Jh
78
dkt;h
lhrkjkaeth ykl eFkkaf.k;k xke eka; ekLVjh jh ukSdjh jS ika.k T;wa R;wa jktLFkkauh
lcn dksl jkS dkae ikj yxko.k uS ykxksM+k gkA lcn dksl eka; Mhax jk vjFkka
ckcr m.k c[kr jk fo}ku egkjkt iUukjke th lwa lyklwr dj.k jh t:jr
iM+hA b.k dkae lk: iUukjke th uS eFkkf.k;S cqyko.kk gkA i.k iUukjketh Bsfj;k
jerk tksxhA /kje lwa lU;klh vj dje lwa dfoA mokauS eFkkf.k;S cqyko.k jkS vsd
bt rjhdks gkS d mOkkajk pkseklk eFkkf.k;k esa jkf[k;k tkoSA i.k mokajS pkseklS jkS
[kjpkS lkt.kkS ?k.kkS nksjkS gkSA vk ckr jSaorth uS Bkg iM+h tn jSaorth ekVlkc
[kuS vk; iwxk vj cksfy;k&ekVlkc vki rkS iUukjketh uS U;wrks ns; fnjkokS
[kjpkS rkS T;wa OgsbZ T;wa ns[k ysokayk i.k lcn dksl jkS dkae pks[kkS lwa pks[kkS gkso.kkS
pkbtSA iNS iUukjke th jS [kjpS jkS cUnkscLr ekVlkc jSaorth jk firk Hksjth
vj ykyth ckjB lhj lwa ikj iVfd;kSA i.k vka lSaxka uS jSaorth le>k;k gkA
v.k phrh vkQr ;k dksbZ t:jrcUn jh vc[kkbZ [kqn jS xS eka; ?kky.kkS jSaorth
jkS /kje gkSA vke vkneh lwa m.kjh ihM+ jh ckr vke Hkklk eSa dj.kh le>.kh vj
iNS jkt dkt eka; ckifj;ksM+h vkik/kkih uS HkkaM.kh m.k lwwa yM+.kkS jSaorth jS jkst
jh fnup;kZ eka; HkskS gkSA dfork dj.k jh dwaor jS ika.k m.kuS gjk; nso.k jh gwal
jSaorth uS lkpk dkuwunk dfo vj jktfufrK jS :Ik esa Fkji fn;k gk!
?k.k ewa?kk eksrh er <dk jks;ka :txkj feS dksuhA
OgS y[kifr;ka jk jkt tBS Hkw[kka jk isV iS dksuhA
xjhc etnwj uS fn;ksM+kS vkS lanslkS lkpkS vj [kjkS gSA xjhc [kkrj gkso.k
okh ns[kkm lHkkoka lwa mij gSA jkso.k lwa uh rkS gd feS uh :txkj feSA vkS rks
thok tw.k jkS tq/k gSA mBA lkeh mch vkik/kih jh Nkrh p< u b.kuS mFky nSA b.k
Hkkar mM+nw jk pkok lk;j lhu dkQ futke jS eqrkfcr jSaorth vke vkneh jh
Hkklk eka; [kqn jh ckr dsork gkA i.k ckr b.k lwa vkxS gSA /kdS fopkj dfj;ka
Bkg iMS+ d jSaorth vke vkneh jh Hkklk eka; vke vkneh jh nq[k ihM+ jh ckr
djrk gkA moka jh dfork jh b.k dwaor jS ika.k bt jSaorth jk xhr lnk lnk lk:
feu[kka jS daBka eka; vej gks; mrfj;ksMk+ gSA jSaorth uS lq.kf.k;k vkt rd moka jh
vksf;ka xq.kxq.kkoSA moka jk in Hkqxr Hkksxh e: eku[kS jh ihM+ lwa yiVhft;ksM+k
lqjhyk xhr gSA vkS bt dkj.k gS d feu[k dsoS gS d jSaorth uS ikBdkaa jh njdkj
uh ghA mokauS rkS dksjh lq.kf.k;ka jh okg okgh gkFk vkorh ghA mokajk xhrka eka;
laLd`fr jkS laxhr gkS vj ljcgkjk jkS lkfgr gkSA
vks<~;ka tk phj xjhcka jkS /kfudka jkS fg;kS fj>krh tkA
pquM+h jkS vsd >iVkS ns fyNeh Fkwa nhi cq>krh tkA
40
79
tS ?kM+h fo/kkrk :ikh fl.kxkj fn;kS gS etnwjkaA

j[kM+h cktwca/k fref.k;kS xgkj fn;kS gS etnwjkaA
yksbZ eSa cksVh ckaV ckaV ft.k esagnh gkFk yxkbZ ghA
?kj jh cgw csV~;ka fcy[kh i.k fyNeh FkuS ltkbZ ghA
Qwyka lwa daok Vkcfj;k pj.kk eSa HksaV p<kbZ ghA
vsd Fkkjh tksr txko.k uS ?kj ?kj jh tksr cq>kbZ ghA
i.k vsu fnokh jS fnu csj.k lkeh Nkrh ix /kjrhA
Bqeds lwa p<h gosyh eSa eu ejth jk eVdk djrhA
tS ykt csp.kh rsoM+yh rkS iwjkS eksy pqdkrh tkA
pquM+h jkS vsd >iVkS ns fyNeh Fkwa nhi cq>krh tkA
jSaorth [kqn bZ ?k.kh okj b;wa ckr djrk gk d Egkjk izlald rkS Egkjk
lq.kf.k;k bt gS&dwar djf.k;k ;k ikBd uh gSA jcM+d Nan jk i<f.k;k uoh dka.k
jh [kksM+ [kksM+kof.k;k uoS fopkjka jS Hkkj gsVS nfc;ksM+k dwardkj jSaorth jk pkm uh
gks; ldSA ft.k dkj.k lwa b;wa dso.kkS iM+S d dwar jS ekjx dfork uS le>.k jk
dki djf.k;k [kwn tka.kS gS d jSaorth [kqn twa>kj gks; jktLFkkuh dfork uS uoS
[kksf;S thorh dj nhA jSaorth [kwn uS eSV uS tu Hkklk uS vkijh vkRek vji.k
dj vej dj nhA jktLFkkauh Hkklk eka; cnko vj tkxj.k jS dfo :i mokajkS
uke vej jsosykA lqHkdj.k nsoy & 'kfDrnkau dfo;k tSM+k twuh :.k jk dfo;ka
jk Nan dksjh ijEijk jh yhd /kl ldS & e`nqyth vj lR;izdklth jh dforkoka
dksjh iksfFk;ka eka; tkxk ?ksj ldS i.k jSaorth jk xhr ihf<;ka rd Vkcj eksfV;kj
cw<k yksd yqxk;ka jS daBka eka; jerk jsosykA Lkjcgkjk cjlka rd jSorth jh
dfork jS ika.k [kqn jh Hkkoukoka jSaorth jk lcnka lwa m?ksjrk jsosykA b.k nhB lwa
dfooj mejnkau th ykl tudfo mLrkn vj dUgS;kyky lsfB;k uS Vk u
jSaorth jh cjkscjh djf.k;kS vtS dksbZ uh nhlsA iNs Hkklk jS i[kS jSaorth vke
vkneh jS ?k.kk usM+k gSA
badykc jh vka/kh&1948&eka; fy[khth ghA jSaorth jh vk tw>k:
dfork jSaorth jS O;fDrRo jkS vkjlh eka; nhlrkS fprjke y[kkoSA b.k dfork
eka; twa>k: dfo twa>k: jktusrk vj twa>k: odhy jkS vsdS lkFkS idkS iMSA+
va/kkj ?kkSj vka/kh izpaM vk /kqavk /kkSj /kao /kao djrhA
vkoS gS mj eSa vkx fy;ka x< dksVka caxka uS <grhA
x< dksVka caxka uS xqM+k; iVd u xjhc jh >waiM+h fl.kxkj.k jk liuk
80
dkt;h
ns[kf.k;k jSaorth [kqn vsd vka/kh gkA vks[kka.k jS uke ekFkS ?k.kS c[kka.k jh
xwatkbl uh gSA ekjokM+ eFkkf.k;k jk cklh HkSjth vejkor jS vkax.kS 23 ekpZ
1924 (pSr lqn vsde laor 1981) jk tueA 1941 eka; nleh ikl dfj;ka iNS
FkksM+k d fnu jsy esdeS eka; xkMZ jh uksdjh djhA i.k vktknh jS vkanksyu jS
mUekn lwa uksdjh NwVxhA ikNk dkyst iwx x;kA dkyst eka; i<f.k;ka jh vc[kk;ka
jS lkeh Hkw[k gM+rkyka jh >kV jS lkFkS dkuwu jh i<kbZ iwjh djhA dkyst lwa
fudf;ka iNS jksth jksVh jh vd[kkbZ rkS vko.kh bt gh D;wa d [kqn jh ckiwrh jh
[ksrh jh tehu rkS oS iSyk bZ m.k ekFkS djl.k djf.k;k djlka jS uke djnh ghA
tehu jkS /k.kh rkS tkxhjnkj uh gS i.k m.k ekFkS djl.k djf.k;kS djlkS gSA b.k
[kjhdh ckr uS jSaorth dksjh dforkoka jS ika.k bt uh xk;h i.k [kqn b.k eqtc
mnkgj.k c.k u crk;kSA jksth [kkrj odkyr dj.kh ekaMh i.k mokajk Dykbal rkS oS
bt xjhc djlk gk ftdk tkxhjnkjka jk lrk;ksM+k dpsM+h iwx x;k gkA moka lwa
Qhl yso.kkS jSaorth lwa c.k uh vk;kSA lks QkdkeLrh vj dfo lEesyuka jS cwrS
jktfurh eka; dwn ifM+;kA iNS jSaorth jh jhtfurh bZ lektoknh /kkjk lwa
tqfM+;ksM+h gh ft.kuS tkr ikar vj /kje jh /khaxkbZ lwa cpko.kkS vkt bZ fd.k jS bZ
cwrS jh ckr uh gSA ?k.kk feu[k dsoS gS d jSaorth gkjrk x;kA i.k ckr rkS vk gS
d ftdkS vkik/kkih lwa gkj tkorkS jSaorth m.k jkS gkFk idM+ ysorkA jSaorth
jktfurh eka; vdcjka jkS lkaxkS uh dfj;kS i.k izrkika jkS lkFk fn;kSA jSaorth
gkfj;k uh twa>kj gks; fj;kA dfo lqHkdj.k th jk lcnka eka;A
lerk U;k; Lora=rk lkfgr tkfr lq/kkjA
j.kk v.kk jSaor jfg;kS tx pkokS twa>kjA
rkS vkS tx pkokS twa>kj tx [kkrj twa>kj bZ gks; fj;kS vj lkFkS lkFkS
lkodki.kkS bZ Hkksfx;ksA dksey nk jk lcnka eqtc jSaorth jh dforkoka cUnkscLrh
eka; djlka jh gkyr jkS moka jh ihM+ jkS lkpkS fprjke gSA lkfgr vdkneh
^mNkkS* ekFkS fljS lEekau m.k c[kr cfXl;kS ft.k c[kr jSaorth bukaek lwa ?k.kk
mij mB pqdk gkA ts uh ysork rkS fujklk vdkneh uS gksorhA i.k jSaorth fd.k
us bZ dnsbZ fujkl dj.k jh uh fopkjhA gkykafd vkik/kkih eka; vVfd;ksM+h
jktfurh chl cjlka rd eFkkf.k;k jh ljiaph lwa jksd uh ldhA vkt bZ fur uok
xjhch js[kk jk vkadM+ka eka; vVfd;ksM+h dksbZ ykpkj eka vkijk Hkw[kk Vkcj uS
gkyfj;ks xk; axko.k jk dki djrh nhlsyk RkkS v.kphrS bZ jSaorth ikNk ;kn
vo.kkbt gSA
41
81
iky.kS eSa lkstk fizFkhikA

xhr lq.kkma okyk lkstk uSuk ckA
Ekk;M+ csBh FksiMS+ gkyfj;kS gqyjk;A
nw/k fi;ka nks; fnu gq;k uhan dBk lwa vk;A
EgkjS dktS jh dksj b.keSa tke.k jkS dabZ tksjA
feu[k jh NsM+yh eulk daabZ gks; ldS gS\ [kqn jh dekbZ iwath uS Vkcjka
ek;a ckaV.kh\ uhA RkkSA nslkVu\ rhjFk dj.kk\ vkijS bLV jh /;kouk\ ?k.kkS ma
?k.kkS dksb /kuokau gksoS rkS nku iqu\ feanj efLtn ljk; /kjelkk c.kkoS\ i.k
jSaorth jh NsM+yh eulk gh jktLFkkauh Hkklk [kkrj twa>kj gkso.kkSA ckr ?k.kh
v.k[k.kh ykxS i.k gS lko lkphA Ykkjyk fnuka jSaorth ft.kuS bZ ferk m.kuS vsd
bt ckr dsork d HkbZ i<rk tn ?k.kh Hkw[k gM+rkyka ikj yxkbZ ghA geS vsd bt
eulk gS d jktLFkkauh Hkklk jh ekurk [kkrj fnYyh tk; Hkw[k gM+rky dj cSB
tkma tqdkS ekSr uS ykt uh vkoS ftrSd mBwa bZ uhA dk rkS ekU;rk jS loky jkS
lyVokM+kS gks; tkosyk dk Egkjk izk.k tkosyk b.k Hkkar Egkjh vk eulk rkS iwjh gq;ka
jsosykA i.k EgkjS lkFkS gkyks fnYyh t.kS dkae c.kSA i.k lk<h rhu chlh jS usM+k
iwxksM+k m.k tw>k: egkHkM+ jh vk ej.k jh dwd feu[kka v.klq.kh djnhA vk
jSaorth jS eueSa js;xhA
vj vehjka jh vc[kk;ka lwa yM+rkS xjhcka jh xkMh xqM+dkof.k;kS okS
odhy ljcgkjk jkS lkpkS lkFkh okS dfo jktLFkkauh Hkklk jks ow 17 twu 1997
jk lsoV vkijh vcksV vfeV vksw NksM u dqek.klka uS psrkorkS Hkyk feu[kka uS
HkjekorkS tqa>kj gks; fj;ksA
ppp

b.k eqyd eSa nsork vej gq;k djrk gk&ve`r fi;kS gkSA b.k ve`r [kkrj
lqj vlqj ;q gq;kS vj nsorkoka jkdlka vsd nwtS uS nxkS fn;kS gkS] HkS bZ Bkg uh
dSM+k dSM+k dkae dfj;k vj T;wa R;wa tqxr fHkM+k; uS vej OgSX;kA geSa vki uS
vjt d:a d Egwa bZ Hkkjr jk djksMk+ a nsorkoka eka; lwa vsd gwa] rkS Egwa bZ vej gks;X;kS
vj e:a uh thowa gwaA
b.k vejrk jS ika.k bt rSrhl djksM+ law cnrk cnrk vkt lok vjc jS
usM+k iwxX;k gkaA vk vejr Nd.k jh iSyh fulka.kh gSA rkS gwtwj EgSa thowa gwa D;wa d
ej bt uh ldwaA dkj.k iSykS rkS vkS bt gS d vejr ih;ksM+kS gS vj nwtkS&Hkw[k]
dqiksl.k] dk ;k ck< lwa b.k iztkra= jh ljdkj uh ej.k nSA ts dnsbZ dksbZ fo/
kkulHkk ;k laln eSa dwdS d EgSa dqiksl.k lwa ejX;kS] rkS rqjar ljdkj [kuS EgkjS uh
ej.k jk vkadM+k drZO; ijk;.k M~;wVh jk iDdk xqekLrk lssVjh yk; Qjka Qjka
fx.kko.kk l: nSA geS fojks/kh ikfVZ;ka uS dq.k ikyS] oS rkS dwdrk jsoSA vknr jh
ykpkjh gSA i.k EgSa uh efj;kSA gwtwj EgSa thowa gwaA gkykafd b.k djldk; vlksd
jh ykB uqek dk;k uS ns[k uS dksbZ gha;k QwBksM+kS] vkaf[k;ka jkS vka/kkS dS; ldS d EgSa
geS ?kM+h nks; ?kM+h jkS esgeku gwaA i.k dabZ gS d Egkjh b.k vkRek eSa vkRec gS m.k
jh yhyk U;kjh gS] m.k jS c EgSa uh ej ldwaA b.k vkRec jh nqgkbZ cjlka lwa nsl
jk usrk] lar egkRek jktk egkjktk nsrk vk;k gS vj Egkjh lkalk fx.krk vk;k gSA
EgkjS uh ej.k jh efgek xkork vk;k gSA ok] vk bt ckr gS d gLrh feVS uh gS
EgkjhA
geS vki xkSj QjekokS] FkksM+kS d /;ku fnjkokS ds e:a rkS dhadj e:a\ ds
fdlS ekjx e:a\ vS ftdh ekjd csekfj;ka gS] dabZ dS;k djS gS b;ka uS\ -------okS
gkVZQy
S ] CyMizslj] dSalj----- vS lSax yk;d yksxka jS ykjS ykxksMh+ jsos&eksVk eksVk
/kUuk lsBka jS] vQljka] usrkoka jSA EgkjS tsM+S nfjnz ukjk;.k lwa b;ka uS dabZ ys.kkS gS\
dk ckiM+h EgkjkS Mhy ns[k u Mjrh gksbZ d dabZ ifM+;kS gS b.k Hkqou eSa\
42
83
geS ekuyks d dksbZ egkekjh QSy tkoS rkS bZ vkS ftdkS LokLF; ea=ky; gS
okS ;w-,u-vkS- jh vsM jS ika.k EguS uh ej.k nSA ts dksbZ Egkjh ekSr jkS dkj.k ihh;S
uS crkl nS rkS LokLF; ea=ky; jkS tokc vkosyk d nsl eSa ihh;kS gS bt uh]
ika.kh fcYdqy lkQ fQYVj gks; u vk; fj;kS gSA iNS dksbZ cd nS d EgSa ekrk ;k
eysfj;k lwa efj;kS rkS ea=ky; iM+wRrj nsosyk d HkbZ eysfj;k&pspd uS eqyd lwa
lh[k fy;ka cjl chrX;kA foLokl uh gksoS rkS iwNykS vesfjdk uS m.k eqyd b.k
csekfj;ka uS tM+kew lwa esV.k jh lksxu [kkbZ gh tqdkS feVk; iwjh dhA geS ts ?k.kh
ckr cnxh rkS ljdkj EgkjS ej.k jkS izek.ki= ;kfu MsFk&lfVZfQdsV ekax ysosyk
vj vkS ijoka.kkS EguS gkfly uh OgS ldS D;wa d gwtwj EgSa thowa gwaA iNS EguS MsFk
lfVZfQdsV jh t:jr bZ dBS gS\ dq.k yk;nS EguS\ vkS ijok.kkS rkS eksVh tk;nkn
okk fudokoS gSA vj vS bt lalkjh izk.kh efj;ka tkoS] vkajh [kcjka Nfi;ka
tkoS] vka jk ejfl;k xkbft;ka tkoS] lksd lHkkoka gq;ka tkoSA gwtwj EgSa uh e:a EgSa
rkS thowa gwaA Egka [kkrj bt dchj nklth dS;X;k d&ge u ejSa gSa ejSb lalkjk&rkS
Egka rkS uh ejkaA vS ftdk lalkjh izk.kh gS oS ejS gSA geS rkS feyk ft;kou gkjkA
EgkuS rkS vkS iztkra= ft;ko.k okkS feX;kS gSA
gka ?k.kk ?k.kh OgS rkS EgSa vsd Vh-ch- lwa ej ldwa gwaA i.k dabZ gS d ljdkj
vj MkDVjka fe uS Vh-ch- jkS bykt brjkS lLrkS vj lksjks dj fn;kS gS d tS [kqn
bZ gkdk d:a d e:a jS Vh-ch- lwa e:a rkSbZ dksbZ uh ekauAS yksx dsosyk ds&xSykS gq;kS
gS dksbZ Vhch lwa bZ ej ldS gS\ rkS dabZ gS d Vh-ch- jS vLirky eSa ;w-,u-vkS- jS ;k
foLo LokLF; laLFkkau jh ckafV;ksMk+ nw/k] vaMk] lsoka] nok;ka [kkorkS jsma] /kkalrkS jsma
i.k e:a uhA gwtwj EgSa thowa gwa!
dksbZ ikapsd lkS cjlka iSyk EgS /kkjh gh d lkabZ jh fn;ksM+h vk pnfj;k T;wa
jh R;wa /kj ns.kh gSA uk rkS [kjkc dj.kh vj uk QkM+.kh gSA dchjnklth jh
idM+k;ksM+h vk pknj ft.kuS EgS FkksM+h&?k.kh Hkwy.k jh dksfll djh bt gh ds
xka/khth ikNh idM+k; nhA [kknh jh pknj dkrks] xwaFkkS vj vks<kSA ukjka jk ukLrk
djkS vj oknka jk foVkfeu [kkokSA jktuSfrd ikfVZ;ka uS oksV nkS vj thork jsokSA
ej.k jkS rkS dksbZ loky bZ uhA b.k dkj.k ?k.kdjk iksfyax cwFkka ekFkS efj;ksM+k thoS
gS vj lkyks lky oksV fn;ka tkoSA ikfVZ;ka thrh;ka tkoSA rkS gwtwj EgSa thowa gwaA
vk ckr EgSa bt uh fganh flfueS okk vkt rd le>kork vk;k gS&EgkjS
lwa rhu xaq.kk Mhy okkS okS fofy;u Egka lwa ekj rkS [kkoS bt gS b.k jS vykok ika.kh]
jktk] vxu dk cac] canwd EguS uh ekj ldSA ikap eafty lwa iM+wa rkS uh e:a vj
84
dkt;h
nl dksl jS nkoku eSa uh cwaA eb.kS jkS eb.kS [kqn jS thorks gkso.k jkS izek.ki=
iSUlu esdes uS nwa vj iSUlu yk; ?kjvkh uS lwaiwa] m.k jS [kkrj nok&nk: jkS
cnkscLr d:aA D;wa ds tS ?kjvkh iSyk iwxxh rkS Vkcj : tkoSykA EgkjkS dabZ
gS EgS ej.kokkS rkS gwa uh HkykabZ ?kjokk dwdckS djS d&dksbZ ejS u dksbZ ekpkS
NksMSA b;wa chch vj csjkstxkj Vkcj lSax tka.kS gS d tS ejX;kS rkS iSUlu vk/kh gks;
tkosyk b.k [kkrj oS bZ ej.k uh nsosA gwtwj EgSa thowa gwaA
paxst tSMk+ tqYeh ejX;k] fgVyj tSMk+ vkrrk;h ejX;k] jko.k ejX;k]
jkae bZ iwxX;k] ?k.kdjk fiaMkjh] dbZ Bx fBdka.kS ykxX;k] foKku jS c/kkiS lwa ?k.kk
bZ va/kfoLokl ejX;k] cknlkg Qjeku dk<rk dk<rk x;k ds Egkjh jS;k eSa dksbZ
vdkj.k uh ejS fjlh&eqfu EguS vej gkso.k jh vklhl ns;X;kA iNS geSa ipkl
fMxzh jh rirh yw vj yksbZBkj&gkMxk BkM EguS dhadj ekj ldS\
gkykafd ekj.k jk bZ uok uok rjhdk btkn gq;kSM+k gS&T;wa Vkbe cac] dkj
cac] i= cac] vBk rd ds feu[k cac] LVsuxu] lkbysUlj xu i.k dabZ gS d vS
lSax eksVka eksVka jS lk:a gSA dnSbZ dksbZ ih-vse- ejS rkS dnsbZ dksbZ lh-vse- jh gR;k
gksoSA vkradoknh bZ dksbZ rhlsd cjlka lwa [ki fj;k gS i.k ftrjk ejS oS dk rkS ohvkbZ-ih- gksoS dk dksbZ vlkekftd rRoA jsy xkfM;ka eSa bZ jkst vsDlhMsaV gksoS i.k
iNS Bkg iM+S d m.k xkMh eSa rkS Qyk.kS ea=h jS vko.k jh [kcj gh ft.k lwa
vlkekftd rRoka vsDlhMsaB jh ;kstuk c.kkbZ ghA naxk Qlkn bZ ?k.kkbZ gksoS i.k
EgkjS ej.k jkS rkS loky bZ uhA ejf.k;kS dk rkS oh-vkbZ-ih- gksoS dk vlkekftd
rRoA gokbZ tgktka bZ ?k.kh iM+S i.k m.k eka; dq.k cSB.k nsos EguS\ vsDlhMsaV ?k.kk
gkso.k ykxk rkS ljdkj ekFkS mij gsyesV iSjk; fn;kSA
geS rkS vkiuS HkjkslkS gw;X;ks gksosyk ds EgSa uh e:a] EgaS rkS dksjks thowa gwaA
thorks jsowa gwA gkykafd e:a e:a djrS b.k Mhy eSa tqdkS cfp;kS gS okS bZ tho.kkS
uh pkoS gSA ?kj eSa bZ Vkcj Vksh dwdS gS d dksbZ xkHkk djk;k u dksbZ edku] dksbZ
xS.kk u dksbZ xkaBkA T;wa R;wabZ uxjikfydk jh teh ekFkS >waiM+h BkbZ gh ftdh vsdj
rkS dkuwu jk j[kokka fc[kSj nh vj nwth okj LgSj jk nknka ck nhA tho.k eSa bZ
dha lkj uh gS i.k geS dabZ fd;kS tkoS&cMsjka jh vklhl ekauka dk cqtqxkZa jkS
iqu&izrki] EgkjS rkS vejr fi;kSM+kS gSA gwtwj EgSa rkS thowa gwa!
oS/kkfud psrkouh okh ljhj lk:a bftafj;l flxjsVka ihowa gwaA fudksfVu
Vsfuu tSM+k tSj rkS ljhj eSa jeX;k gSA Hkkax] xkatk lkse lqjk rkS [kSj ihf<;ka lwa ih
43
85
fj;kS gwa] i.k vS yksx&ckx Qkyrw b.k phtka jh fuank djSA EgkjkS rkS dha fcxkM+ uh
gq;kSA ukjdksfVd vj nk:canh okk bZa gkdk djSA
[kSj! eksVh eksVh ;kstukoka c.kS Egkjh [kqlgkyh lk:A eksVh eksVh laLFkkoka
pyS Egkjh HkykbZ [kkrjA vj EgSa [kqlgkyh jh ckV tksorks] HkykbZ jk ixfy;k
HkjrkS thowa gwaA rkS gwtwj EgSa thowa gwaA ej.kkS pkma rkS bZ uha ej ldwa D;wa d vkre?kkr
dkuwuh xqukg gSA tSj MkDVj jh ijph fcuk feS uh vj MkDVj dsfeLV EguS tSj
nsos uh D;wa ds oS [kkae [kka vkijkS xzkgd D;wa xekoSA HkykabZ ekMka.kh jkS fch dj
Hk:a rkS bZ thowa gwa vj m/kkj ys; vk;dj Hk:a rkS bZ thowa gwaA dsjkslhu fcuk jklu
dkMZ uh feS vj jklu dkMZ c.kko.k uS ys.k eSa mc.k jh geS ljnk uh jhA rkS [kqn
c.kksbZ gkFk uh gSA
geS ?k.kdjk v.k[kknh jk gkdk djS d EgkeSa foVkfeuka jh deh vk;xh gS]
[kwu eSa fgeksXyksfcu xrkSbZ fuBX;kS gS i.k EgSa nsf[k;kS gwa lQk[kkuS jkS jftLVj m.keSa
EgkjS ukae ekFkS ftrjk foVkfeu ftrjh vkbju VscysV ckaVhth gS m.k lwa rkS
efj;kM+k bZ tho tkoS iNS EgSa dhadj ej ldwa EgSa rkS vkiuS vjt djh gh d gwtwj
ljdkj Egkjk Hkk;ka EgSa rkS thowa gwaA
lxk fxuk;r v.kwrh vkaf[k;ka dk<S d ?kksMk+ OgS T;wa daokjh csfV;ka pk:aesj
fQjS gSA ij.kko.k jh ljnk uh gksoS rkS pw Hkj ika.kh eSa Mwc ejA i.k dabZ gS d
yxwyx iM+rk dkka jh fdjik lwa Mwc.k uS okS pw Hkj gkFk uh vkoS lksa Mwc.kkS bZ
gkFk uh gSA gwtwj EgSa thowa gwaA
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dfork&vk/;kRe
egkRek xka/kh th jkS vsd fdLlkS gSA oS vsd fnu vsd Vkcjka jh Vksh lwa
ckr&crko.k dj fj;k gk d moka jh futj vs dksbZ N&vsd cjl jS Vkcj ekFkS
iM+h ftdkS vsd m.k lwa bZ FkksM+s d NksVs Bkcj uS fdfM+;ka fy;ksM+kS nksjkS nksjkS VqrkS
ckiw dkuh vk; fj;kS gkSA ckiw uS y[kk;kS d ftdkS Vkcj m.k jS xksn fy;ksM+kS gS oks
dha cnrkS bt Hkkjh gSA t.kS oS m.k jS usM+k tk; iwfN;kS d ^HkbZ vkS xksn fy;ksM+kS
Vkcj FkuS Hkkjh uh y[kkoS\* ^vkS\* m.k xksn fy;ksM+S Vkcj dkuh lkuh djrs]
eqdrS tokc fn;kS ^vkS Hkkjh fdadj gq;kS\ vkS rkS EgkjkS HkkbZ gS!* ^vkS Hkkjh uh
ykx ldS D;wa d vkS EgkjkS HkkbZ gS!* vk ckr xka/kh th jS fg;S eka; [kV ns.kh
rjxhA HkkbZ gkso.k lwa Hkkj eSa deh dhadj vk;xh ;k m[k.k.k okS jkS c
dhadj cnX;kS\ vk ckr b.k :i eS le>.kh ?k.kh nksjh gS i.k HkkbZ jkS HkkbZ lwa
ftdkS gsr gkS m.kjkS vkS lh/kkS lV c[kka.k gSA lkFkS lkFkS usuS HkkbZ jS ikks gky.k lwa
gkso.k okh vc[kkbZ jS ika.k gkso.k okh eksVs HkkbZ jS eu jh ihM+ jkS bZ b.k lwa
[kqyklks gks;X;kSA vj vk iwjh ckr m.k usuS dykdkj QwVjkiS lwa [kwclwjr vankt
eka; crk; uS xka/khth jS loky jh /kfTt;ka mMk; nhA vj egkRek th uS gst gsr
uS ewa?kks jk[k.k lk: m.k jh ljkouk dj.kh iM+h sd okgA OkkgA dabZ okr dgh gS d
HkkbZ dnsbZ Hkkjh uh ykx ldSA iNS feu[k uS feu[k Hkkjh D;wa ykxS\ D;wa d gsr jh
ihM+ eSa deh vk;xhA i.k vk ckr lkph gS d izhr izse jkS ikkS HkhMqoka lwa Hkfj;ks
gkS ftrjS fl[kka uS fganw Hkkjh uh ykxrk vj fganqoka uS eqlyekau dk bZlkbZA rkS brjh
eksVh ckr vsd vksh lwa le>ko.k okh lcnka jh vk yM+ ^vkS Hkkjh fdadj gq;kS
vkS rkS EgkjkS HkkbZ gS* gdhdru vsd lclwa lc[kh dfork ghA gkykafd eksVh ckr
rkS vk gS d m.k usuS dfo uS brjh fxukj bZ uh gh d m.k vsd in jh vksh lwa xka/
khth uS dkSeh vsdBi.ks jkS ikB i<k; fn;kSA lkFkS lkFkS HkkbZ jS gsr uS vjFkko.k jkS
ftdks Hkklk jh fuckbZ ;k ikaxki.kks gkS m.k uS m.k myka?k fy;kSA Hkklk vsd
feu[k jS varl uS m?kkM+ nwtS lkeh ijxV dj.k jkS lk/ku gSA vfHkO;fDr jkS ekjx
gS i.k dbZ okj vfHkO;fDr jh ljiV nkSM+ vj m.k jS veki ?ksjkS Hkklk lk:
44
dfork&vk/;kRe
87
vc[kkbZ gks; tkoS Hkklk m.k c[kr ikaxh y[kkoSSA b.k ikaxki.ks uS dfork jh
rduhd lwa thfr;ks tk ldS gS ftdkS thr tkoS oks dfo vj ft.k tfj;s lwa thrs
ok gS dforkA b.k Hkkar ftdkS dkae vsd usuh dfork dj crkoS oks dkae oks ?k.kk
eksVk ykEch pksM+h Hkklk jh yfM+;ka okk Hkkl.k uh dj ldSA b.k mijyh vksh
eka; vsd ?k.kh xsgjh ckr le>ko.k jS lkFkS vsd vk/;kRe jh fFkjiuk gqbZ gS d ts
tho tho uS vj feu[k feu[k uS Hkkjh ;kfu v.k[k.kks y[kkoS rkS dkj.k vkS gS d
moka eka; HkkbZ HkkbZ jS fcpS ftdkS gst gkso.kks pkbtS okS uh gSA ts gst&gsr gksos rkS
dksbZ fd.kuS bZ Hkkjh uh ykxsyk T;wa vsd ljhj eka; vsd gkFk nwtS gkFk uS Hkkjh uh
ykxSA rkS nqfu;k jh lSax yM+k;ka jh tM+ b.k vsd vksh fgyk; nh d ^vkS EguS
Hkkjh D;wa ykxS vkS rkS EgkjkS HkkbZ gS!* vj vk ckr brjS lh/kS rjhds lwa dghth gS d
[kV ns.kh gh;S <wd xhA uh rkS Hkkjh Hk.kkbZ djhth vj uh dksbZ ?k.kh Hkkl.kckth
gqbZ cl <kbZ vk[kj izse jk i<S lks iaMr gks;A vk rkS ckr gqbZ vsd vcks/k Vkcj jh
ft.k [kqn jh varjizKk jS c vtka.kS bZ dfork jp nhA geS vsd dfo jh
ckr&jktLFkkauh jk vsd dfo gk lR;su O;klA oS nqfu;k jh lclaw usuh dfork
lq.kk;k djrk gkA Oks nks vk[kjka jh dfork gh ^rwa&EgaS] EgSa&rwa rw&rw] EgSa&EgaS*A geS
vk ftdh nqfu;k jh lclwa NksVh dfork gS b.k eka; nks; vk[kj gS rwa vj EgaSA i.k
b.k jkS vjFk nqfu;k jS vuar dft;S jk cf[k;k m/ksM+rkS lkQ le> eka; vkoS gSA
nqfu;k eka; ftrjk >xM+k gS m.k jkS ew dkj.k feu[k jh ÊgSa* gSA b.k EgSa uS NksM
u ts feu[k gsr jh ikVh i<ys rkS m.k jS vkxS lkjk iksFkk i<f.k;k vi< gks; ck
jsosyk&lQk BksVA T;wa vsd ika.kh jS Hkfj;s dksbZ ukfM;s dk rkc ;k nfj;ko eka;
dkdjks Qsadnka rkS oks dkdjks ysgjka jk ygjdk mBkorks m.k ukfM;s] rkc ;k
nfj;ko uS iwjks uki ysosA m.k bt Hkkar dfork jh vsd vksh] vsd el[kjh] vsd
pwafV;ks iwjS lekt jh le> uS uki u lkeh /kj nsosA vj iNS ysgjka jk ygjdk dk
rkS eksVh ysgj lwa fHktk vj dk vkijkS [kqn jkS U;kjks ?ksjks c.kk; nsosA m.k bt <ax
<kS dfo varl lwa dk rkS Hkklk Hkkouk lksp fopkj vj fparu jh ysgjks eka; fHk
tkos vj dk vkijkS U;kjkS BjdkS [kM+kS dj nsosA Hkklk jS ikaxki.kS uS ikj dj.k
lk: dfork lkfu;ka lwa izrhdka lwa dke ysoAs T;wa b.k mij okh vksf;ka eka; Hkkj
jkS uh y[kko.kks HkkbZ lk: gst&gsr jh xsgjkbZ jkS uki jh lkuh ;k izrhd gSA T;wa
ekuyka d fd.kuS bZ cksy.kks uh vkos rkS m.k uS lSax dsos d xwaxks gSA i.k gdhdr rkS
vk gS d vkaika lSax vk/kkv/kwjk xwaxk bt gkaA D;wa d Hkklk jkS vkijkS ?ksjkkS gS vj ok
m.k ?ksjs lwa ckjs fud uS c[kka.k uh dj ldSA b.k jS iNS bZ Hkklk vsd ckr dsorh
c[kr dha u dha vw>kM+ ;kfu dUQ;wtu [kMkS dj nsos] Hkklk lwa vfHkO;fDr
88
dkt;h
v/kwjh jsosA i.k vfHkO;fDr jh lhek uh gS vj uk bZ vfHkO;fDr jk nks; rhu vjFk

gksosA rkS b.k vfHkO;fDr uS vUrl jS vkeh lkeh dj.k jkS QwVjks rjhdks gS dforkA
D;wa d dfork jkS jkt ij?kkS gS] Hkklk lwa ?k.kks ckjS gSA m.k jh lhek vuar gSA
gal.k uS] jkso.k uS] Hkklk jh ckM+ uh cka/k ldSA m.k bt <ax lwa dfo jh ihM+ jh
mBrh fgYkks uS cksyh uh cka/k ldSA vaxzsth eSa galks rkS galks vj jkseu eka; jksoks rkS
jksoksA izseh jh vka[k eka; idrS izhr jS ika.kh jh ihM+ uS ijxV dj.k lk: dksbZ
laLd`r jh O;kdj.k ;k vaxzsth jS lcndksl jh t:jr uh iM+SA i.k Hkklk vsd
tfj;ks gS] vsd ekjx gS] vsd vMka.k gS varl uS m?kkM+.k jkSA i.k ekjx ft.k rjS
eafty uh gksos m.k bt Hkkar Hkklk Hkko ;k vfHkO;fDr jkS lkaijrsd njlko uh OgS
ldSA vj dfork\ dfork vsd Nykax gS] njlko jh vsd >yd gS] uewukS gS]
vj vkS uewukS i<.k ;k le>.k okS jh [kqn jh iksap jS ijoka.kS m.kuS njlko jS usM+kS
iqxk; nsosA vuwHkwfr jkS varl lwa lk{kkRdkj djk; nsosA T;wa ika.kh jS ukfM;k eka;
dkdjks Qsadka rkS ukfM;k jh ik rd m.k jh ysgj pkyS] vj tS nfj;ko eka;
Ugka[kka rkS ysgj jkS ?ksjkS nfj;ko jS Mhy jS ijoka.k eksVks gksosykA rkS ^vkS EgkjkS HkkbZ]
EguS Hkkjh uh ykxs* b.k ckr eka; xka/khth uS dkSeh vsdBi.ks jk njl.k OgSX;k iNS
ekuyks d dksbZ NksVh iksap jkS feu[k gksorks rkS bZ m.k uS b.k eka; gsr&gst jh lksjHk
rkS vk;ka bZ jsorhA b.k nhB lwa Hkklk [kqn feu[k jS varl uS ijxV dj.k okh
l:iksr jh dfork gSA tnS d feu[k dksjh lkfu;ka lwa bt ckr djrks gkSA vkaikajk
lCn vj vk[kj ftdka jS ika.k vkneh vkijh vfHkO;fDr uS iwj.krk jkS tkeks
isjkorks vk;kS gSA vknw dfo okYehdh jS ckcr vk ckr pkoh gS d oS l:iksar
eka; v.ki< bZ uh gk i.k [kklk Hkyk vdkth vj vdehZ gkA pksjka vj fdjkrka
jh laxr moka uS nqLVh djeka jh vknr iVd nh ghA i.k vsdj moka vsd dqjt jS
tksM+S uS es jh c[kr vsd fldkjh jkS fldkj gksorka nsf[k;ksA m.k nksuaw ia[ks:oka
eka; lwa vsd jS ej.k lwa oks tksM+kS chNM+X;ksA fldkjh fldkj dj vkijS ekjx
gkfy;ks i.k okfYedh vkS djdl njlko ns[k u n;k jS nfj;ko eka; MwcX;kA
moka jkS fg;kS vsd dqjt uS ejrka vj tksM+ks fcNM+rka ns[k d:.kk lwa dqjk;
mfB;ksA moka jh vUrl jh ihM+ LokFkZ jS lkax eka; ekSr uS ukprh ns[k QwV u ckjS
vk;xhA oS dfo c.k dfork jh rjax eka; iwxX;kA vj moka jS Jheq[k lwa cjcl
fudX;ksA
ek fu'kkn izfr"Bke~ Roxe_ 'kk'ofr lHkk_
;Rksap feFkquk nSd eo/kh dke eksfgre~
45
dfork&vk/;kRe
89
vjsA fu'kkn;kfu fldkjh lbZdka rd Fkkjh izfrLBk uh jsos D;wa d FkSa tksM+S
csBkSM+k dqjtka jS tksM+S uS fcNqM+k; fn;kSA laLd`r Hkklk jS b.k in&vksh uS nqfu;k
jh iSyh dfork gkso.k jkS gkdkS laLd`r lkfgR; eka; vj iNS fgUnh jh iksfFk;ka eka;
v.kwrkS gSA i.k b.k jh Hkklk vj b.k lwa iSyk fyf[k;ksM+h osnka jh pkoka uS ns[krka
vk ckr ekau.k tksx uh gS d vk nqfu;k jh iSyh dkO; vksh OgSykA gka b.k uS
laLd`r lkfgR; jh vsd ?k.kkS twuks vj pks[kks nwgkS dfg;ks tk ldS gSA i.k b.k BkSM+
uoh&twuh jS o+kn uS NksM u ts b.k eka; dfork jS tue jkS dkj.k tksoka rkS HkS lkxS
bt ckr lkeh vkoS d okfYedh jh ihM+ jh vfHkO;fDr fu'kkn uS fn;ksMs+ ljki
:i lkeh vkbZ gSA vknw dfo jh vk dke eksfgr iaNhM+ka jS i[kS eSa lnHkkouk
jkek;.k jh jpuk jk lS dkj.k c.kxhA b.k vksh eka; jkek;.k jkS cht yqfd;ksM+kS
gSA jkek;.k eka; b.k bt ckr jkS [kqyklkS bfr;kl vj dFkk jS ika.k djhft;ks gSA
fu'kkn b.k eka; jko.k jkS izrhd gS vj dqjtka jkS tksM+kS jke lhrk jkS ftdka eka; lwa
vsd jkS gj.k jko.k dj u moka uS fcNM+.k uS etcwj dj fn;kA
b.k dfork uS iSykiSy jh dfork jkS ckuks isjko.k jkS vsd dkj.k HkS gSA
oks gS b.k jh Hkklk jh cU/kkbZ vj b.k jS Nan jh xwaFkkbZA OgS ldS d ykjyk laLd`r
fo}kuka uS vk ckr [kkl dj u pks[kh ykxh vj b.k [kkrj moka b.k uS osn ea=ka jS
ctk; b.k vksh uS Nan :i lwa b.k uS iSyh dfork jkS fcjn cfXl;kSA i.k ts Hkklk
jh xwaFkkbZ&ca/kkbZ uS NksM u dksjh vfHkO;fDr jh ckr djka rkS osn ea= jkek;.k jk
Lyksdka lwa bdhl y[kkosA gkykafd osnka jk izrhd lwjt&bUnz&ok;q b.k <ax jk gS d
oS FkksM+k d v.k[k.kk ykxSA i.k osnka jh dfork feu[kk tw.k lwa ?k.kh uSM+h vj
vsdevsd gq;kM+k y[kkoSA i.k jkek;.k feu[k lekt eka; ejtknk jh Fkji.kk jS
/kdyS ikamaMS jS :i c/kkikS gksorkS nhlSA
b.k BkSM+ vsd loky dfork jh NUnkscrk vj LoNanrk jkS bZ vkoSA
dfork jh NUnkscrk m.k jkS nhlrks MhyMksy ;kfu HkkSfrd :i gS vj m.k eka;
yqfd;ksM+h Hkkouk m.k jh vuqHkwfr m.k jkS eka;ykS :iA ft.k Hkkar vsd vkneh jkS
nhlrkS ljhj :i jax Mhy Mksy m.k jkS Hkksfrd :i OgS vj m.k jh cqf] m.k jkS
fparu] vUrizZKk] vUrn`ZfLV m.k jS eka;yks [kkdks gSA ;k b;wa le>yka d vsd
dEI;wVj jkS gkMZos;j gksos T;wa dfork jh Nankscrk gS vj lksQVos;j gksos T;wa
dfork jkS fparu ;k fopkj rRo gSA i.k vkneh jkS O;fDrRo ;k ijluYVh vka nksuka
jS Hks vj vkilh rkyes lwa c.kSA dEI;wVj bZ gkMZos;j vj lksQVos;j jS tksM+
vj rkyes lwa c.ksA :i jax jkS :M+kS] Mhy Mksy jkS Hkfj;ksM+kS vkneh QwVjks nhls
90
dkt;h
vj m.k jh cqf fo|k vdy jh fcuk ikj[k vkaf[k;ka jS njlko lwa oks vkdflZr
djS i.k ts m.k eka; fo|k vdy vj Kku jh deh gksos rkS ckr djrka i<rka
fy[krka m.k jh iksy [kqy tkoSA b.k <ax lwa m.k jkS :i jax dBs bZ tk; u Hkksfrd
inkjFk vj thorS tho jS fcps ftdh js[k gS m.k nhB lwa FkksFkks y[kkosA i.k ts
dksjks Kku jkS HkaMkj] fdrkcka jkS dhM+kS ?k.kh fo|koka jkS tka.kdkj MhyMksy jkS cs<axks
gksos rks m.k uS vknj nsof.k;k feu[kka jh deh gkslhA gkykafd oks feu[kka jh ew
[kkfl;r fopkjlhyrk jkS thorks uewuks gS b.k [kkrj m.k jh mrerk lwa budkj rkS
dksbZ uh djS i.k Hkksfrd nhB lwa oks HkhM+ eka; mcksMk+ S vkuUn uh fuitkoSA Okks dksjks
vkuUn jS vk;kstu eSa enn ns ldS gSA b.k ekQd tS vkaika uS feu[kka jS eka; lwa
vsd vknlZ uewuks Vk.kks gksos rkS m.k l[l uS Vkkayk ft.k eka; Mhy&Mksy vj
Kku&fo|k nksuwa bZ rRo ?k.kk ma ?k.kk vsdevsd gks; fgfef;ksM+k gksosA b.k Hkkar
ftdh dfork fparu vj xwaFkkbZ nksuw nhB lwa mRrerk jk[kS ok vsd larqfyr dfork
dg ldka gkaA i.k mRre dfork nwth gksosA D;wa d larqfyr vj mRre dfork
fcps ?k.kks Qjd gSA dkj.k d dfork jS ekeyS eka; m.k jh xwaFkkbZ vj m.k jkS
fopkj nksukS fcpkyS Nrhl jkS fjLrks gSA fparu] vUrizZKk LONan ok;js jS nkbZ fcuk
caf/k;ka gky.k okh fonzksgh vj oknhyh /kkj gSA vj xqaFkkbZ [kir] vH;kl vj
Hkklk jh tka.kdkjh] vks[kka.k lwa xUuks jk[ks gSA ts xwaFkkbZ ekFkS tksj fn;ks rkS fparu
cU/k tkosyk vj ts fparu ekFkS tksj fn;ks rkS xwaFkkbZ eksh iM+ tkosykA D;wa d
fonzksg vj fl.kxkj lkFkS lkFkS uh gky ldSA xwaFkkbZ jh nhB vkorka bZ dfork jkS
fjLrks ijEijk vj lekt eka; ekauht.k okh lt&/kt jh eulkoka lwa tqM+
tkosykA T;wa rqdca/kh vj o`rxa/kh dfork uS laxhr vj rkye;rk lwa tksM+ j
tckau ekFkS p<.k jkS lksjks ekjx nsosA i.k fpUru fonzksg cj o+kn uS tue nsosA
ftdkS ijEijk] lkstU;rk vj lH;rk jk ekafu;ksM+k <kapS uS rksM+S] feu[k uS lkpkbZ
jh ikj[k [kkrj mdlkos] lkpkbZ jS ekjx gky.k jkS luslks nsosA b.k jkS vkS vjFk uh
gS d mRre dfork jh jpuk vlaHko gSA D;wa d lt.kks laoj.kks bZ eksds ijoka.k gS
tq/k eka; lt.kks U;kjks gksos vj C;kao eka; lt.kks U;kjkS gksosA rkS fonzksg uS bZ ltk;
u lkeh yk;ks tk ldS gSA b;wa dksbZ dfork vkijh nhB lwa vkiks vki eka; iwjh gksos
gSA HkykabZ Qkx.k jh xkf;ka gksoks vj HkykabZ dfojktk jk NanA xf.kr eka; vsd
la[;k gksos ;kfu ehaMh] lwU; ;k thjkSA lalkj jh iwjh x.kukoka vj xf.kr b.k ehaMh
jS v/kkj gSA b.k jkS eku vke le> eka; dha uha ;k vaxzsth eka; dsos gS fuy gq;k
djS gSA i.k gdhdru b.k jkS eku fuy uh gSSA lwU; vsd uh jS uSM+h uSM+h js[k gS
ftdh ?ku vj .k jS fcpS [ksph tk ldSA le> vj rdZ jS vk/kkj b.k jkS eki
46
dfork&vk/;kRe
91
yxs rxs vlEHko gS i.k xf.kr eka; lwU; vsd izrhd gS ft.k jkS lh/kkS fjLrks
lqrk lwa gSA dfork dfo jh vuqHkwfr uS lq.kf.k;s ;k i<f.k;s xzkgd rd iqxko.k
jkS ekinaM gS T;wa d lwU;A b.k [kkrj dfo ;k jp.kgkj vki jh vuqHkwfr jk ?ksjka jh
iqjko`fr djcks djSA vj m.kuS Hkklk vj dyk jS tfj;s xzkgd jS vUrl ;k fg;S
rd iqxko.k jh okj okj rjaxk fuitkosA b.k [kkrj iSyk iSy ljr rkS vk gS d
dfo [kqn vuqHkwfr jS vkdkl rd iwxAS dfo jh vuqHkwfr ftrjh folky vj xsgjh
gksoS mrjh bZ laosnuk rh[kh gksosA laosnuk jkS rh[kki.kks dfo uS U;kjh jtk lwa Hkj
nsosA vk jtk Hkkoka uS dfork jkS :i ns; m.k jS ekul eka; yk; [kM+h djSA
gekj jk jgL;ekxhZ nklZfud b.k ckr jh gkeh HkjS gS d vUrizZKk tho jh vsd
U;kjh f[kerk gS ft.k jS ika.k m.k uS lkpkbZ jh ij[k vj [kkst lk: nwth Hkksfrd
phtka jh t:jr uh jsosA b.k jkS mnkgj.k dksbZ foKkuh jh [kkst lwa ys; ldkaA T;wa
d yk[kka feu[kka lsc uS :a[k lwa gsVs iM+rka ns[ks bt gS vj ns[krk vk;k gS moka eka;
lwa gtkjka rkS b.k ckr ekFkS fopkj dfj;ks gksbZ d ok gsVs bt D;wa iM+s i.k vsdys
U;wVu jS vk ckr /;ku eka; vkbZ d lsc jS gsVs iM+.k jkS dksbZ [kkl dkj.k gSA b.k
lwa m.k xzsfoVh ;k xq:RokdlZ.k jk fu;e c.kk; fn;kA vk ckr U;wVu tSM+ka jh
vUrZizKk jkS lkaijrsd lcwr gSA rkS dfo [kqn jh vUrZizKk lwa lalkj jk mcM+
[kkcM+ vw>kM+ eka; lwa lkp jh ikj[k djS vj iNS vkijk lsoSaxka uS ?k.kh lwa ?k.kh
apkbZ rd lqrk lwa ystk; u nqfu;k jh le> jS nk;jS eka; dksbZ tfj;s lwa ijxV
dj nsosA ijxV ;k [kwyklks dj.k jkS vkS tfj;ks ikaxh Hkklk jk lCn gks ldS ft.k
jS ika.k dfork ;k fuca/k jh vksf;ka :i ys; ysos] dksbZ HkkVs ekFkS mdsfj;ksM+h
ewjrh OgS ldS laxhr jkS dksbZ jkx ;k lqj OgS ldSA
xf.kr jkS dksbZ lw= ;k dksbZ foKku jh [kkst OgS ldSA dksbZ baftfu;fjax jh
fMtkbu OgS ldS dk dksbZ MkDVjh osnxh jkS uql[kks] dksbZ jksx jS dkj.kka jh [kkst ;k
dksbZ nklZfud flkUrA i.k dfork jh vk[khjh ijh.krh feu[k jh ihM+ uS derh
dj l+ksjkikS oijko.k lk: lkSUn;Z vj vkuan jh fuit bt gSA iNS HkykabZ dksbZ
tlksfy;k] eflZ;k ;k izse xhr jkS fy[kkjks xhr m?ksjkS HkykabZ dksbZ jEer ;k ukVd
eka; dykdkj lkax djkSA b.k Hkkar dfork tw.k tk=k jS vkMh vko.k okh
vc[kkbZ lwa cj.k jkS tq/k gSA vc[kkbZ jS ika.k mB.k okh ihM+ jkS lclwa apkS
vkl.k gSA iNS m.k ihM+ lwa NwV.k jh rM+QM+kV jS ekjx mBf.k;k laosxka jkS gcks gS]
ygjdkS gSA vkS ygjdkS dfork jkS cht gS] dfo jkS Kku loZKrk] foLodY;k.k jh
Hkkouk m.k jkS [kkn gS vj dfo jS gwuj jh gqfl;kjh m.k jkS ljhj gS] <kapkS gS] [kkdkS
92
dkt;h
gSA xhrk jS vkBosa v/;k; jS uoesa Lyksd eka; dfo uS loZK] vukfn] loZfu;ark]
lc jh lw{e lwa lw{e /kkj.kkoka jkS iksld crk;kS gSA
dfo% iqjk.keUuqlj flrkj e.kkZj.kh;ke lequqRes!
loZL;/kkrkjefpUR;:i ekfnR;xZ relZ% ij Lrkr~
xhrk jkS vkS Lyksd dfo jk xqa.kka jS :i esa bZLoj ;k ijefirk jkS pfj=
c[kkaf.k;ks gSA i.k b.k eka; nks; ckrka dfork jS tue jh nhB lwa egrkm gSA iSyh
ckr rkS vk gS d dfo vj ijesLoj nksuka uS vsd dje djf.k;k crk;k gSA ft.k
jkS lh/kks vjFk vkS gS d nksuaw bZ ljtu djf.k;k gS vj nksuwa jh Hkkouk foLodY;k.kdkjh]
tho jh ijclrk uS esV.k jh fnl izo`r gSA b.k Hkkar ijesLoj dfo gS vk dfo
ijesLoj gSA ijesLoj jkS jpuk /kje dfo jS jpuk /kje T;wa bt gSA dfo vj
lzfLV eka; iwjks rkyes OgSA usuS ijek.kq lwa ys; uS lkSje.M rd pky vj
vkdkj jkS <kapkS vsd T;wa bt gSA m.k bt Hkkar ijefirk jh lzfLV vj dfork jkS
rkuks ckuks vsd bt xwaFkkbZ lwa fijksbft;ksM+kS gSA nwth ckr b.k Lyksd eka; dfo jkS
xq.k ^rel ijLrkr~* ;kfu vfo|k lwa vk?kks crk;kS gSA Hkkjr jk mifuLn njl.k
eka; tw.k jS pdj jk [kkl nks; fgLlk dfj;ksMk+ gSA fo|k vj vfo|kA fo|k
ekul fparu ;k vyksfdd f;k dkika jkS ukae gS vj vfo|k nqfu;knkjh jS gwujka
jkSA T;wa eku yks d ljhj eka; dBsb ihM+ mBh vj vkika tk; MkDVj lwa nokbZ ys;
Bhd djok; nsoka rkS vk gqbZ vfo|kA i.k tS b.k ihM+ jS ika.k vsd nwtkS fopkj
vkoS d vkS ljhj iy iy ej fj;ks gS] vkS rkS jksxka vj nq[kka jkS ?kj gS] b.kuS Bhd
dj.k lwa dabZ gksosA vkS rkS dky HkS nw[ksykA vkS lalkj rkS iwjkS bZ uklokau gSA b.k
Hkkar vfo|k rqjr jh ihM+ esV ldS i.k fo|k jS fopkj lwa ok feu[k jh FkksFkh [kir
gSA iNS vfo|k nqfu;k eka; >wBkS vkMacj pdkpkas/k lwa lksl.k jkS jkt [kM+kS djSA
vj fo|k fujk'kk jkS veki va/kkjkS mitkosA i.k dfo fo|k lwa fopkj vj vfo|k
lwa QwVjkikS vaxstsA vfo|k lwa lq[k lEir jS ekjx nksjkbZ cj foinkoka lwa NqVdkjkS
ik; vkuUn vj lkSUn;Z jkS fuekZ.k djSA iNS fo|k lwa vkRe HkjkslkS ik; lksl.k <ksax
jh Hkharka Hkkax vktknh jkS ekjx ikosA dfork dfo jh b.k ekjx jh lokjh gSA
dfork jh lokjh ekFkS lokj dfo ejrw lwa thr gkly dj vejrk vj iwj.krk
ikosA jktLFkkauh jk vsd twuk dfo tkMk esgM+w cknlkg vdcj jS njckj eka;
iwxkA njckj jS eka; lRrk jS vkMacj naHk jkS ukp oS [kqn jh vkaf[k;ka lwa nsf[k;kSA
eksVk eksVk lwjek vj jkt jktsLoj m.k BkSM+ Nkr lwa yVdrk dM+ka jS lgkjs yVdrh
>wyka uS idM+ u mck gkA Ckknlkg njckj eka; jsorks ftrjs dksbZ cSB uh ldrksA
47
dfork&vk/;kRe
93
esgM+wth dha tkMk cnrk bt gk lks moka uS mcks jso.kks lt uh vk;ksA moka m.k bt
c[kr vsd nwgkS dfg;ksA
ixka u c irlkg pkj.k c thcksa r.kks!
lq.kts vdcj lkg EgSa rkS cSBk bZ cSBk cksyL;ka!
vkS lksjBks cksy u /ke ns.kh tehu ekFkS csBX;kA etcwjh lwa cknlkg uS bZ
moka uS cSBks jso.k jh NwV nso.kh iM+hA b.k Hkkar esgM+w th vsd el[kjh lwa lRrk jS
vkMacj vj m.k jh Hkw[k lwa mift;ksMh+ ijra=rk jkS HkkaMks QksM+ fn;ksA ckr lRrk jh
gksoks HkykabZ /ku ;k Hk.kkbZ jh vfo|k b.k nqfu;k eka; vatl va/kkjks Qsyk;ka fcuk
uh jsosA b.k vkMacj jh vksV eka; lksl.k jkS pdj pkySA dfork b.k lksl.k jS
pdj jh f[kykQr gSA f[kykQr lwa mitrs vsdyki.kS uS esV.k lk: dYiuk vj
izKk lwa dfo vkijkS lalkj jpkos vj b.k lalkj eka; nq[kka uS vkuUn lwa >syrks
vktknh lwa fopj.k djSA
cl vsdyk pkyks jS vsdyk pkyks jS
egkdfo dkhnkl ckcr b;wa crk;ks tkos gS d oS l:iksar eSa v.ki< vj
xkesrh gkA i.k mej jh xqM+drh xkMh ekFkS xksrk [kkork lsoV i< i<k; u ?kjS
vk;kA ?kjs vk; vkijh tksM+k;r uS ?kj jS ckj.ks mck mck gsyks dfj;ks&
dikVe~ mn?kkVe~ }kje~ nsgh!
^gsA cM+Hkkx.k fdokaM+ [kksy u EguS eka; vko.k jkS ekjx ns!* dkhnklth
jh tksM+k;r dsos gS d v.kwrh i<h fy[kh ghA b.k dkj.k dkhnklth uS ?kj lwa
ckjs dk< fn;k gkA i.k i<.k fy[k.k jkS naHk fo|k jkS va/kkjks m.k jh vkaf[k;ka vkxs
Nk;ksM+kS gkSA lh/kh lh ckr gh d vkMks [kksy] b.k ckr uS dkhnkl th ?kqek; u
vkaVs lwa dghA vkS vkaVks tksM+k;r jS fo|k jS ?keaM jS f[kykQ jhl.kkS gkSA b.k ckr
uS ok fonqlh bZ le>xhA m.kuS b ;kn vk;xh d ft.k feu[k uS m.k vi< gkso.k
jS dkj.k izkd`frd fjLrk uS Hkqyk; u ?kj lwa /kdk ns; ckjs dk< fn;k gkS oks b.k
NksVhd ckr uS brjh ?kqek; u ds; fj;ks gS rks b.k eka; dabZ u dabZ jkt gSA t.kS ok
bZ vkMkS [kksyrh ?kqek; u tokc fn;kSA
vfLr df'pr_ okXfo"ks'k_
vjsA Fkkjh oka.kh eka; rkS dabZ folslrk y[kk; jh gS\ eryc vkS gq;ks d
FkkjS b.k vkaVs lwa cksy.k jkS dabZ dkj.k gS\ dkhnkl th uS y[kk;ks d fo|k
o+koh vk yqxkbZ lef>;ka iNS bZ uh le> jsbZ gSA t.kS oS b.k jkS iwjks cnkS fy;kSA
moka tksM+k;r jS ewaMS lwa fudf;ksM+k rhu lcnka jk rhu vk[kjka jS ekFkS rhu
94
dkt;h
egkdkO;ka jh jpuk dj crkbA ^vfLr* lcn lwa ^dqekj lEHko* jkS eaxykpj.k
l: gksoS] df'pr_ lwa es?knwr vj ôkx* lwa j?kqoa'k ^dqekj lEHko* jh dFkk
flo&okpZrh jS es jh ckr dsos ft.k eka; ukjh jkS izkd`frd leiZ.k m?kM+ uS lkeh
vkoSA ês?knwr* fojgh ;{k jkS vkijh tksMk+ ;r uS fn;ksMk+ S lanl
s ks gSA b.k iNS j?kqoa'k
vksirk j?kqoa'kh jktkoka jkS thou oSHko gSA rhu xzaFkka lwa dkhnkl th [kqn jh fo|k
jS peRdkj lwa fo|ko+koh m.k yqxkbZ uS tw.k jh izkd`frd t:jrka ckcr le>kbZ
ft.k eka; i<kbZ jS ?keaM jh dksbZ BkSM+ uh ghA b.k Hkkar dkhnkl th tksM+k;r jkS
nEHk rksM+ u gst gsr jkS i[k tkS dfj;kSA
feu[k b.k ek;koh lalkj eka; lko vsdyks gSA vj vkS vsdyki.kkS m.k
lk: ?k.kkS vc[kkS] v.kwrkS nq[knkbZA i.k dfork b.k vsdyki.kS jh rksM+ gSA dksjks
feu[kka eka; bt uh i.k vkS vsdyki.kkS iwjS pjkpj eka; ilfj;kSM+kS gSA tho
ftukojka [kkrj bZ Hkw[k lwa fcyfcykgV] vkjke lk: uhan jh bPNk] ekSr jkS Mj
vj gst jh gwal cjkscj mBSA pkok euksfoKkuh vejhdk jk foyf;e tksUl vj
MsyekdZ jk ykWUt jkS laosx fl/kkUr b.k ckr jkS [kqyklks djS gSA laosx jh vke
/kkj.kk lwa vS fl/kkUr U/kh ckr crkoSA T;wa d&jkso.k jkS dkj.k lksx uh gS i.k
lksx b.k okLrs gksos gS d feu[k jksos gSA ks/k jkS dkj.k feu[kka jh geyks dj.k jh
izf;k gSA izse vsdyki.kks feVko.k jh t:jr lwa mitS gSA b.k bt Hkkar dfork
jS mit.k jkS dkj.k lalkj jkS v.k[k.kki.kkS gSA ;kfu dksbZ dfo jS eu eka; bt
lalkj jh vO;oLFkk jS ika.k Hkkoukoka jh fgyks mB ldS gSA :l jk Hkklk foKkuh
ikoykso jk iz;ksx b.k ckr jh lk[k HkjS gSA Hkklk jS tue jk dkj.kka jh [kkst
dk<rka Jh ikoykso crk;ks d feu[k eka; cqh vj Hkklk jS tue jkS dkj.k feu[k
jS ljhj jh [kkl c.kkoV gSA [kkl dj u gkFk jh ikap vkaxf;ka ftdh d phtka
uS idM+ u vka[k] ukd] dkau jS usM+h yk; feu[k jh moka lwa lko vks[kka.k
djkos gSA t.ks feu[k jkS phtka lwa eu eulk jkS gst gsr jks ukrks fjLrks gks; tkosA
rkS l: l: eka; phtka jk f;koka jk feu[k ftdk ukae jkf[k;k gk m.k jkS dkj.k
eu jh Hkkouk jh fgyks ghA vkt jk lcn l:okr jh dforkoka ghA vkS b.k ckr
jkS iDdks lcwr gS d dfork jkS thorks jso.k lwa tho.k lwa iwjks xuks gSA b.k Hkkar
[kqn jk lkFkh uS iqdkj djrh phM+h jh phapkM+ dfork gSA cfp;ka uS pwaxkorh
feUuh jh E;km bZ dfork gSA flax jkS cu eka; ngkM+.kkS dfork gSA brjks bt uh
FkksMk+ sd HkS /kdS gkyka&Qwyka jkS [kqy.kks] iRrka jkS dqeyko.kks&vSMh+ ftrjh ckrka gS
oS lkjh Qwy irks vj :a[kM+k jS tw.k tekjs jk vsyka.k gS] lkfu;ka gSA vS lSax
dforkoka gSA
48
dfork&vk/;kRe
95
ft.k <ax lwa dfork vkijkS ukrks pjkpj lwa tksM+ u [kqn uS ijxV djS gS
m.k bt <kS b.k ?kVukoka jkS lEcU/k pjkpj lwa [kqn jh vfHkO;fDr jkS gSA ;kaf=d
f;k dki vj tw.k jh jhr eka; eksVks Qjd vkS gS d ;a= eka; Vk.k jh ;k
lysDlu jh dwaor [kqn eka; uh gksosA i.k thors izk.kh eka; HkykabZ okS vehck tSMk+ S
NksVks vsd dksl okks gksoks vj HkykabZ feu[k tSM+kS HksHkk okks tfVy izka.kh
gksoksA vehck [kqn jS [kqjkd uS erS bZ VkSA dcwrjs jS ekkS Bko.kkS vj feu[k jS
?kj pw.kko.kks yxsrxs vsd T;wa bt gSA dhfM+;ka jh jk.kh jh lsok pkdjh feu[k
lekt eka; jkt dkt jS T;wa bt gSA b.k lkjk f;k dkika eka; Vk.k jh vknr
thork tho jh fudsoM+h [kkfl;r gSA vk vknr m.k eka; vsd vtka.kh f[kerk jkS
lcwr gS ftdh m.k jh eka;yh gwal lwa mitS gSA vk eka;yh gwal vUrjizKk jkS ew
gSA b.k Hkkar thorks tho ftrjks ckjs nhls gS m.k lwa ?k.kks okS [kqn jS Ekak; gw;k djS
gSA tho jh b.k f[kerk jkS ijxV gkso.kks dfork gSA T;wa [kqn jh [kqjkd Vkrks
vehck vkijh vke eulk lwa FksM+ksd vkxs gksosA cfp;ka lk: jksorh phM+h [kqn
jh tw.k lwa /kdS tk; thorh y[kkosA [kqn jS lkFkh lwa ess [kkrj gwadkjrh fla?k.kh
fgald ftukoj gkso.k lwa vkxs fud tkosA b.k bt <ax <ks dfork djrks feu[k
feu[k jS [kksf;s lwa ckjs tk; vsd vyksfdd lxrh jkS /k.kh gks; tkosA iNS m.k
lSax vc[kk;ka lwa fonzksg dj ysos ftdh m.k jh tw.k eka; thorks jso.k jS vkMh
vkoSA HkykabZ oks dksbZ cUnkscLr gksoks ;k dksbZ O;fDr gksoks dk dksbZ foink gksoks
cBk rd d dfo >xM+s fcps vk;ksM+h ekSr uS bZ uh cXlSA vaxzsth jk dfo Vkel
xzs b.k fonzksg jk pkok vxoka.kh gq;k gSA moka jh b.k ekSr jS f[kykQ yM+kbZ eka;
ftUnxh jh ihM+ eawMS cksys!
"For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn,
Or busy housewife ply her evening care:
No children run to lisp their sire's return,
Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share."
egkuhan eka; iks<f.k;k cMsjka jkS vkS lksx xhr ;kfu ejfl;ks gdhdru ekSr
lwa tq/k jkS uxkjkS ctkorks lks y[kkoSA ftdk egk uhan eka; iks< x;k gS moka [kkrj
?kj jh cmokfj;ka jh fla>~;k jh R;kjh] ri.kh jkS txko.kkS] Vkcjka jkS [kka/ks p<.k us]
o+kyk yso.k uS gqM+h dj u lkeh vko.kks vS lSax ckrka ejrw jS va/kkj eka; vyksi
gks; x;kA dfork jS ekjx dfo jh ekSr uS vk odkj Hkwxksy vj Hkklk uS phj u
ckjs fud tkosA dfork uS Hkwxksy vj Hkklk uh cka/k ldSA ftdh ckr Vkel xzs
baXysaM eka; cSBk dgh ok bt ckr dfo vksiks vk<kS jktLFkkau eka; cSBka dgnhA b;wa
96
dkt;h
y[kkos d dk rks vksiks th baxysaM x;k gkslh dk dfo xzs jktLFkkau vk;k gkslhA
b;wa bZ djrka tkos mej ijes dky ijkj*j iksjA
vkaiS ckr djka vksjka jh ckaika jh djlh dksbZ vksjA
i.k dfork dksjks Hkklk jks bt dki uh gSA D;wa d HkykabZ Vkel xzs
ejfl;k fy[kks vj HkykabZ fy;ksuknkZ foalh eksykfulk jkS fprjkae mdsjkSA iNS
HkykabZ ywdsll tSM+k foKkuh dfo feu[k jS ljhj jpuk jkS ijoka.kks fy[kksA ckr
rkS ekSr jS lkeh vM+.k jh bt gSA vBk rd d b;kajk dke dkt jk <ax bZ vsd tsMk+
y[kkosA T;wa Vkel xzs vkB cjlka rd elk.kka esa ?kwe ?kwe ejfl;k fyf[k;k vj
ywdsll elka.kka eka; tk; Ygklka phj phj ljhj foKku jkS Jhx.ksl dfj;ksA i.k
nksuka jS ykjs Hkkouk vsd bt gh d ekSr lwa yM+kbZA b.k jkS vjFk vkS uh gS d dfork
feu[k jh etcwjh jh fuit gSA D;wa d dfork dksbZ gkyr eka; dk;jrk jkS
dqjko.kks uh gSA i.k feu[k jS eu eka; tkfx;ksM+h d#.kk jS ika.k mitrh ihM+ jkS
ijok.kks gSA jktLFkkauh jkS vsd yksd xhr gS lwofj;ks ftdks ekSr vj feu[k jh
fHkM+Ur jkS c[kka.k dhs U;kjk <ax <kS djrks y[kkosA
Fkwa HkwaM.k tk fjoNM+S gwa gkywa j.kFkVA
esgyka jksok.kw dkae.kh ekal fcdkma gVA
ohjrk lwa ekSr lwa >watrka c[kr bZ m.k lwvfj;s uS nks ckrka [kjh ;kn js;xhA
oks vkijh tksM+k;r uS crkorks dg fj;ks gS d ^HkwaM.k Fkwa fjoNMS iwx EguS nks;
dkae dj.kk gS lks dj*j ikj yxkmayk] iSyks dkae rkS vkS gS d EguS ekj.k ftdk
Hksk gw;k gS moka lwa cnks yso.k uS esgyka eka; cSBh moka jh dkaef.k;ka uS jkso.k nwa
vj nwtks ctkj eka; cSBks xjhc dlkbZ ft.k jh xqtj EgkjkS ekal csp.k lwa gksos gS
m.k jh jksth jks cankscLr djnwaA b.k Hkkar dfork jh ihM+ ijkbZ etcwjh vj [kqn js
vji.k Hkko lwa mift;ksM+s izse vj gsr jS ika.k gSA dfork jh mit jS b.k dkj.k
eka; dfo vj dfork jkS xuks fNfi;ksM+kS gSA fouksck Hkkos vsd BkSM+ fyf[k;ks gS d
^dfo jkS eryc eu jkS ekfyd*A fouksck lar gk b.k [kkrj moka uS eu ekFkS
ekfydkuks gd ;k vadql pks[kks ykxks gksosykA i.k dfork lk: ekfyd lcn
vksNks y[kkoSA D;wa d ekfyd gkso.k jS lkFkS uksdj gkso.k jh ckr bZ tqM+ tkoSA ts
ekfyd gq;kS rkS uksdj bZ t:j gksosykA i.k dfo eu ekFkS jkt djs vk ckr
v/kwjh vj ukxokj gSA gdhdru dfo vkijS eu lkFkS vsdevsd gks; tkosA eu
vj dfo ;k dfo vj eu nksuka eka; ts Qjd js; x;ks rks dfork jkS tue uh OgS
ldSA eu vj dfo jS fcpS dksbZ vk; x;ks rkS dfork jh /kwM+ gqbZ le>kSA b.k ckr
uS lar dchj le>kbZ gSA
49
dfork&vk/;kRe
97
uk eSa dgrk uk eSa lqurk] uk eSa lsod Lokeh gksA

uk eSa /kjeh uk eSa v/kjeh uk eSa trh dkeh gksA
b.k Hkkr dfo vj dfork jkS fjLrks /k.kh yqxkbZ jkS uh gks; u izseh&izsfedk
jkS gSA ySyk etuw ckcr b;wa feu[k crkos gS d etuw izhr jS ik.k xsyhft;ksM+kS
ySyk jS cxsj.kS tk; fgyks dfj;kS ^ySyk ySyk*A eka; lwa iwN gqbZ d dq.k gkslh\
etuw iMwrj fn;ks d EgS etuwA i.k vkMks uh [kqfy;ksA etuw uS ikNks o+.kks
ifM+;ksA ?k.kka fnuka rkabZ ySyk&ySyk djrks etuw ySyk eka; vsdevsd gks; x;kSA
iNS ikNkS vk; HkS fgyks dfj;kS ^ySyk* eka; lwa lkxS bt iwN gqbZ d dq.k gkslhA
geds ySyk vj etuw vsdevsd gk lks iM+wrj fn;ks ^ySyk*A Bhd vj vkMks [kqy
x;ksA ySyk&etuw jS fcpS nks;i.kks jsos ftrjS izhr v/kwjh gSA rkS ySyk etuw gqbZ
vj etuw ySyk gq;ks t.kS izhr iwjh gqbZA rkS ts dfork vj dfo nks; gks;X;k rkS
dfork uh gks; u dksjh prqjkbZ gks; tkosyk!
dforkbZ dq, iM+h pwyS iM+h prqjkbZA
jk?kkS psru ;wa dgS dekbZ ftdks [kkbZA
RkkS b.k nhB lwa dfo vj dfork nks; gksorka bZ rkS dekbZ jh djrwrka gks;
tkoS iNS rkS bekunkjh lwa [ksrh dj.kh pks[khA
dfojktk [ksrh djks b lwa jk[kks gsrA
iksFkh dye iVdnks jkks mij jsrA
dksjks dfork lwa bt uh i.k dfo vkijS lq.kf.k;ka xq.kf.k;ka lwa bZ l[kk Hkko
;kfu cjkscj jkS fjLrks jk[ksA HkykabZ dnsbZ rqylh nkl th nkbZ Hkxr c.k*j m.k jkS
nkl c.k tkos ;k dchj nkl th jS T;wa psyks c.k tk i.k vUrl lwa oks dksjks fear
gksos lkFkh gksosA cwanh jktk mEesnflagth jk vsd njckjh dfo gj vsd uS rwadkjS lwa
bt crkork gkA T;wa Qyk.kk Fkkjh dabZ ckr gS ;k vjS HkbZ Fkwa rkS eksBks vkneh gSA
t.kS vsd pks/kjh b;ka dfojktk uS cdkfj;k d dfojkt th ts vki egkjktk lk
uS rwadkjks ns; crk; nkS rkS EgSa vki uS >ky Hkj u /kkau utj djnwaA dfojktk uS
>ky Hkj /kkau lwa rkS ?k.kh ykx uh gh i.k pkS/kjh jkS o+Se esV.k jh /kkj u m.kuS jktk
jS lkeh ys; x;k vj m.k jS lkeks lke vkS nwgkS dfg;kS&
dk unh cglh ft.k jh fonx djlh oRrA
Hkkjr r.kks mEesfn;k Fkwa jglh jka.kkoRrA
b.k <ax lwa mEesfn;ks vj Fkwa nkuksbZ lcn dkae ysorka Fkdka bZ egkjktk uS
jkth dj fn;kA mEesnflagth ?k.kk jkth gks; dfojktk uS ckFk eka; ys; fef;kA
98
dkt;h
i.k pks/kjh uS ?k.kks jat gq;ks cksfy;ks d ok lk ok vki rkS EgkjkS /kku bZ xek;ks vj
rwadkjks bZ lwf.k;ksA i.k m.k ykbZ uS Bkg uh gh d dfo jS lalkj eka; NksVks eksVks ap
uhp vkxe vxkspj dha uh gksosA
vxe vxkspj xe ugha ygka txexs tksrA
tgka dchjk canxh iki iqU; ugha gksrA
fouksckth dfo jkS vsd xq.k crk;ks gS ^Lo;e~Hkw* ft.k jkS vjFk gksos gS
[kqnks[kqn Fkjfir gksof.k;kSA dfo jS ekeys eSa vk ckr lksS vkauk lkp d oks [kqnks
[kqn uS Fkjfir dj nsosA i.k b.k jS ykjS m.k jkS dfork ;k dfoi.ks lk: vji.k
jh xsgjkbZ dkj.k c.ksA T;wa fejtk xkfyc tn dsos d ^;kSa rks lq[kuoj nqfu;k esa
cgqr vPNs ij dgrs gSa fd xkfyc dk gS vUnktS c;ka vksj* rkS b.k eqtc vkS
vkiks vki Fkjfir gksof.k;kS fejtk vj'knqYyk [kku xkfyc ukae jkS feu[k uh gS
i.k vkS ftdks vUnktS c;ka gS oks gSA vkS vanktS c;ka dfork jkS fgLlks gS ;kfu [kqn
dfork gSA b.k Hkkar dfork dfo uS bZ Fkjfir dj nsosA i.k c[kka.k dj.k jh vk
myVcalh dfork jh etcwjh gSA vk etcwjh Hkklk jS ikaxki.ks uS ikj iVd.k jh
gSA b.k <ax lwa dfork Hkklk jk lcnka uS vj lcnka jk vjFkka uS fur uok :i
cfXl;ka tkosA ft.k lwa Hkklk jh f[kerk cf/k;ka tkoSA dqy fek; u gdhdru
feu[k jh vUrZizKk jkS ijxB gkso.kks dfork gSA dnsbZ bZlk] cq jh d:.kk dfork
c.k tkos rkS dnsbZ d`L.k jkS Kku xhrkA dksbZ U;wVu jh [kkst dfork c.k lkeh vkos
rkS dksbZ gst gsr jh dfork laxejej ekFkS fy[kht uS rktegy jkS :i /kkj ysosA
dk dksbZ ghj jka>k jh izhr ;k ehjka jh Hkxrh dfork c.k lkeh vkoSA i.k vaxzsth
dfo ih-ch- lSyh jk lcnka eqtc ^lclwa ehBk xhr njn jS nfj;ko lwa mfB;ksM+k
ihM+ jk Hkjdk gS ftdk varl vj fg;S eka; mnklh lwa jerk gst gsr jk fgefxjh
jh nkbZ fi?k uS ckjs vkoS!
"Our sweetest songs are those that tell of Saddest
thoughts."
ppp
50
100
lwjt uxjh&lka> HkbZ ijHkkr

lwjt uxjh jh ijHkkr fnu x.k lwa ?k.kh iSyk OgStkA xaxL;keth jS ehanj
eka; lokj jk ikap cft;ka vkjrh gkso.kh l: OgS m.k lwa iSyk LgSj eka; ika.kh jS
VksVS jkS VadksjkS cktrkS lq.khtSA uxj jS eka;yk eksgYyka jh lkadM+h xf;ka eka;
vkil eka; fHkM+ksfHkM+ ?kjka jS ckj.kS [kksfn;kM+k [kkMka eka; cjr.kk uS Qlk; u
irk iwxrh afV;ka lwa Vksiks Vksiks VidrS ika.kh uS HkskS djRkkS lwjt uxj lokj
lka.kh vkijk fFkji.kgkj jko tks/kk ekFkS [khtS vj iksapokau tksxh fpfM+;kukFk jS
ljki lwa lhtSA
jko tks/kk geS lalkj esa uh gSA i.k mokajk iV~VSnkj gekj jk lRrk/kkfj;ka jh
csijokbZ jkS ok;jks fpfM+;ka jh pha pha lwa iSyk ckt.kkS l: ykxtkA
ijHkkrka rkjka Fkdka bZ dksbZ ?kM+h eSa pkjsd cft;ka nw/kokk vkijk <ksy&HkkaMk
vj lkbZdyka lesr m.k rkaxS okka lwa gksM djrk y[kkoS ftdk d lokj jk vko.k
okh eSy lwa lokjh yso.k jh tYnh epk; jS;k OgSA uxj jh twuh cLrh eSa
HkkoHkxrh okk yksx&yqxk;ka jkS jSykS feanjka dkuh jdrks nhlSA lkL=huxj]
ikoVk vj Hkxr jh dksBh tSM+h uoh cfLr;ka jh pksM+h lM+dka ekFkS fMx fMx
MkaxfM+;ka fMxrk Mksdjka uS Nksdjk c.kk; jk[k.k jk gdheh uqLdS jS Hkaoj Hkje eka;
HkVdkoSA jSM+h&BsyS okk iwjh /khekbZ vj usgpS lwa eq/kjh ehBh aph cksyh lwa
IysVQkje ekFkS gsr jk gsyk nsork ?kweSA moka uS iwjkS HkjkslkS gS d jSy lwa rjf.k;ka
eka; lwa vsdk/k bZ moka jkS xzkgd uh gS] D;wa d rjf.k;k lkjk bZ tks/kiwfj;k gSA moka
jkS xzkgd rkS xkMh eka; cSBksM+k eka; lwa dksbZ gksosyk ftdkS tks/kiqj jh ijnslka rd
QSfy;ksM+h lksHkk lwa lq/k cq/k xek; u fprcaxkS gq;ksM+kS f[kM+dh eka; lwa xkS dk<
u tks/kiqj jh ekos jh dpksjh ;k fejph cM+S jh ekax djsyk!
vk?kk lwa tks/kiqj lkpka.kh lqoko.kkS ykxSA uxjokfl;ka jh ckr Vkw vknr
eu eksg ySA ehBh ekjokM+ jh cksyh vj m.keS vi.kk;r jkS es lsyk.kh lk:
lq[kn vuqHkwfr gSA b.kh rjS uxj jk okfl;ka [kkrj tks/kiqj jkS jSoklh gks.kkS bZ [kqnks
[kqn eSa lq[k jkS lansl gSA
dkt;h
IysVQkje ekFkS dqf;ka jh HkhM+ uh nhlSA rj.kokka uS vkijkS vlckc

v.kwrkS uh y[kkoS vj uh Hkkjh ykxSA tks/kiqjokfl;ka jk ix vkijh Hkkse ekFkS
iM+rka bZ gok gkso.k ykxtk ?kj okLrS Nsdk iM+SA lwjt uxj jk ckflUnk ftrjks gsr
b.k /kjrh lwa djS mrjksbZ gsr vkijS ?kj lwa jk[kSA Bsl.k jS ckjS rkaxk VsDlh okk rax
uh djS] vsdk/k gsykS t:j djysyk ^dabZ ckcwth dh BkSM+ gky.kkS gS* cl vj
eksVk egkuxjka nkbZ gksVyka jk nyky bZ fuxS uh vkoSA Vsl.k jS ckjS rkaxk VsfDl;ka jh
HkhM+ jS fcp eSa tks/kiqj jh fljS f[kM+dh ekFkS Fkjfi;ksMh+ vk[khjh jktk mEesnflgth
jh ?kksMS+ pf<;ksMh+ ewjrh lwjtuxj jS lkearh vrhr uS mtkxj djSA eqydka pkoS
fNrj iSysl uS c.kkof.k;k mEesnflagth jh ikslkd can xS jkS dksV fcjftl vj
ihafM;ka <kdrk twrk tks/kiqj jh lkearh QSlu gh ftdh d vkt rd laLd`fr jS
nykyka jh nkSyr cf.k;ksM+h gSA foLo dksl eka; ft.k ikslkd jkS ukae tks/kiqjl gS
m.k jh vBS rjrksbZ cVkm mEesnflagth jh ewjrh ns[k u vks[kka.k dj ldSA
Vsl.k lwa vksyafid flusek dkuh tkorh lM+d ekFkS esgur djrkS feu[k
vj csxkj djrkS Hkxokau nksuw bZ vsdS lkFkS nhl tkoSA tS fl;kkS gw;kS rkS djeB
usikyh lM+d jS MkoS iklS u jkS oksikj djrk fuxS vkoS vj the.kS iklS ljfol
Dycka jh esgjckuh vksf<;ka yqat&iqat nkstf[k;k lksHkkfx;ka jh lku jS lgkjS lh
cdfj;ka uS pjkork nhlSA i.k ukS eSa b.k bt BkSM+ iVfj;ka ekFkS lokj lka.kh
vsdS iklS xkfM;k yokj mej jh Bqd&Bqd rky ekFkS tw.k jkS xhr xkork lq.khtS]
rkS nwtS iklS yaxksV iksV ikslkdka /kkfj;ka <Ccw&f[kyks.kka okk vkijh is<h jkS
Jhx.ksl djrk nhlSA
vksyafid [kuS bZnxkg lwa mBrh vtkau jS lkFkS&lkFkS jka.khth jS feanj jh
vkjrh jh >kyj bZ cktrh lw.khtSA b.k rjS vkMS ctkj lwa xqtjrS ixiaFkh uS tLrS
jk cknk c.kkof.k;k dkjhxjka jh gFkksM+h jh rky bZ lq.khtSA
lokj jk lk<h N cft;ka lwa FkksM+ks d iSyk iwjkS LgSj ilokM+kS Qsjrks lks
y[kkoSA lM+dka cqaokj.k jh tYnh eSa gFkf.k;ka vkijk vklh /kf.k;ka uS pk;&chM+h
jh xjeh lwa lqtkx djrh ikau jh ihd lwa yqHkkorh dkae ekFkS tkorh nhlSA lk<h
N% cft;ka jh lhVh lkFkS etnwj ixka eSa gx okijtkA
i<.k tkof.k;k Vkcj ekV~lkc lwa Mjrk Ldwy dkauh gqM+h dj.k ykxSA
LkjnkjiqjS vj lkL=h uxj eSa McyjksVh vj nw/kokka jk gSyka ekFkS n;k esgj djrh
vkfl;ksM+h cm&csfV;ka ijHkkr ewa?kkS dj.k jkS dki djSA
esgjka.kx< jS P;k:aesj lkai jh dqaMh jS nkbZ QSfy;ksM+k eksgYyk] pkSd]
xf;ka vj vktdky jk miuxj fNfM+;ksM+S dkhUnj jS T;wa pky eSa vk; tkA
51
101
lkjh nqjxe xf;ka&?kkfV;ka eSa ftanxk.kh ?kwerh nhlSA tka.kS rkbZ jS BSfj;ksM+S ika.kh
eSa dkdjkS Ugkaf[k;ka ysgjka mBrh OgSA ysgjkorh lM+dka oMsj jh xf;ka jS /kdS
Vkcjka jS nkbZ Nkaxyk;ka djrh nhlSA lM+dka ?k.kh pksM+h uh gS i.k moka ekFkS vko.k
tkof.k;ka uS HkhM+ dS.kkS cstk gS!
okLrqflYi jh nhB lwa tks/kiqj ^LDoSfjy* jh ldy eSa QSyrh vsd ysgj
gSA vj vk bt ysgj esgjka.kx< jS pk:aesj vsd lkaLd`frd ?ksjs uS iaiksrh
gst&gsr lwa gckNksc gq;ksM+h vsd lH;rk gSA b.k bt ?ksjs eSa ekynso jk eUlwck
lek;ksM+k gS] nqjxknkl jh nslHkfDr Hkfj;ksM+h gS vj Nqfi;ksM+kS gS tksxh ekauflag jkS
jksekUl vj njl.k] vk/;kRe jkS oSHkoA b.kh rjS b.k ?ksjS eSa Nqfi;ksM+h gS t.kS t.kS
jh iSpka.kA vkS bt dkj.k gS dS dnsbZ rkS ckS LgSj furuseh oSL.ko c.k tkoS rkS dnsbZ
efnjky;A dnSbZ jktfurh jh jkl vBk lwa [kkaphtS] rkS dnSbZ Lokeh n;kuUn lekt
lq/kkj jh l:okr vBk lwa djSA
vka lSax ckrka jS vksh nkSh tks/kiqj [kqnks [kqn eSa iwjkS tks/kiqj gS&dksjks
tks/kiqjA b.k izhr jhr jh thorh ysgj eS ts dksbZ xSj tks/kiqjh ;k ijnslh vkaVkS
vk; tkoS rkS m.kuS vk m.k bt rjS mNk QSadS T;wa leqnz jh ysgjka efj;ksM+h
eNfy;ka uS rhj ekFkS yk; Ugka[kSA vBkjk lHkko vknr uS Vk u dSM+S bZ vksijS
feu[k dk Hkkouk uS tks/kiqj eatwj uh djSA ?k.kh okj rkS vkS LgSj vkrenzksg djrks
nhlSA
nl ctS ftrjS tks/kiqj lkar&lS.kh i.k tcj tksl jh unh lh c.k tkoSA
lkstrh xsV twuh vj uoh lH;rkoka jkS iz;kx lks nhlSA ljdkjh uksdj ckcw ;k
ckSl vki&vkijS BkV lwa lM+dka ekFkS [kqnks[kqn uS fNrjk; nsosA gj vsd eka; xqest
jkS Hkjko esglwl gksoAS uoh lM+d] gkbZdksVZ] fjlkyk jksM tSMk+ pksMk+ ekjx vkorh
tkorh eku[kh ewjfr;ka lwa fldqMr+ k nhlSA dpsfM+;ka jk pksd dkh&/kksh ckrka jS
ika.k ri.k ykxSA gkbZdksVZ bt vsd vsM+h bekjr gS ftdh d ljdkj vBkjh jk;k
uS dha [kkl gkso.k jkS Hkje ik.k [kkrj cxlh gSA dpsM+h jk pkSd eka; eqdneka
jk ekfj;ksM+k vk?kk usM+k lwa vk;ksM+k feu[kka jh HkhM+ LgSj jh xje gok uS dha cnrh
rikorh y[kkoSA vBS nykyh odhy [kqn fd;k djSA vke eksVk LgSjka jS T;wa dkuwu
jk ijpwfu;k odhyka jk nyky tks/kiqj eSa uh yknSA
gkbZdksVZ jS ewaMS ekFkS Fkjfi;ksM+h lj izrki jh vLV /kkr jh ewjr bMj oklh
ekjokM+ jS ijnslh csVS jkS tue Hkkse [kkrj gsr mtkxj djrh y[kkoSA lj ihjh
vk ewjrh uoh Nkaxk;ka okh lH;rk lwa ekjokM+ jh laLd`fr jh cxkor lh fuxS
vkoSA
102
dkt;h
xf;ka jh ftUnxk.kh b.k c[kr ts x.kxksj ;k /khaxk&xoj] rkft;k ;k

>wy.kk jkS eskS uh gq;kS rkS vsdjl OgS tkoSA fnu jh rirh eSa xf;ka xSyhft;ksM+h
Nksfj;ka nkbZ vklht tkoSA vycr iwaxyikM+kS] dUnksbZ ctkj] vkMkS ctkj vj
f=iksfy;k ctkj vkijh gLrh jkS vyki vykiSA feBkbZ jS Hkko nslh ?kh jh dpksjh
vj uedhu cspAS eaMksj] ikoVk vj ckl.kh eafM;ka ftdh d ijHkkr lwa bZ vkorh
tkorh Vdka jS ixka fdpjhtrh dkbZ OgSxh gh geSa vycr lkal [kkorh y[kkoSA
dEI;wVjka jS vk;ka iNS de gksorh nQ~rjka eSa Vkbi jh Vi Vi vtS etwjka
jS fyykM+ ekFkS f>jf>jrh ilsoS jh Vi Vi uS lqdk; uh ldhA gka vycr csikjS
jh lhVh ftdh X;kjS] iw.kh ckjS vj iNS ckjS cft;ka cktrh gh ok ewu /kkj pqdh
gS] i.k m.k jS lkFkS lu flVh ekFkS gksorS lu jS tqye jkS MadkS vtS cktS gSA b.kuS
latksx dqtksx ekauk ;k Hkkx d lwjt uxjh ekFkS lwjtnso jh futj lc eqydka lwa
T;knk vj cjl Hkj lclwa yEch Vse rd jsosA ?k.kdjk ekauS gS d tks/kiqj jkS ukae
lu lhVh gkso.k jkS vkS vsd iq[rk dkj.k gSA uxj jkS ukae lwjt uxj gkso.k jkS nwtks
dksbZ dkj.k gks ldS gS i.k lh;kS eSa rkieku 270 ls.VhxzsV vj ukS eSa 42 lwa
480 ls.VhxzsV iwx.k jkS dkj.k rkS r; :i lwa vkS bt gSA b.k jS iNS bZ rirh eSa
lwrksM+h xf;ka vj QqaQdkjrk Ugka[krh Mkej jh lM+dka ekFkS tks/kiqj jkS pkm dksbZ
ijnslh ?kqeDdM+ ?kwerkS nhl tkoSA gkykafd rkaxs VSDlh okk dekbZ uS rkd ekFkS
esy u dksbZ Nk;knkj BaMS [kq.kS eSa fcljkeh [kkork fuxS vkosykA ?kaVk?kj jS pksd eS
xkjaVhokk jh ?kaVh jh xwat ekjokM+h dqYQh jh BaMd jk Madk ctkosyk ;k ujfxl
dksQ~rk jh lksjHk dksbZ ekjx o+srS ixiaFkh uS MqkosykA ijdksVs jS ckjyh cfLr;ka
,-lh- ;k dwyj jh BkM eSa lwrh vaxwjh lka> jh ckV tksoSA i.k LgSj jk ctkj b.k
c[kr m.k xzkgdka lwa ifV;ksMk+ nhlS ftdk d vk?kk usMk+ xkeka lwa yk; eaMh eSa dkank
yl.k csp uS vkijkS lksnks lqyQkS yso.k LgSj vk; iwxkA ?kaVk?kj jS vksh nksh
?kwerh b.k xkesrh tkr bt uxj uS LgSj jkS ukae fn;kS gS uh rkS ijnslh ;k nwth
egkuxjh cfLr;ka lk: rkS tks/kiqj dksbZ nlsd dksl Hkka; eS Qsfy;ksM+h vsd
FkoV cLrh gSA i.k vk /kksjk /kjrh ekFkS cfl;ksM+h NksVhd cLrh vkijS xjc
xqest okS bfrgkl jS lkFkS lkFkS the.k] cksyh] QSlu] lH;rk ;k m.k gj pht
okLrS pkoh gS ftdh d feu[k uS feu[k gkso.k [kkrj pks[kh ykxS] lokorh ykxSA
ftUnxk.kh jS gj jax ekFkS tks/kiqj vkijkS jax p<k; nS T;wa c[kk.k fj;kS gksoS d EgSa
fd.k lwa bZ de uh gwaA vj lkpk.kh tks/kiqj fd.k lwa bZ de uh gSA fnYyh eSa pkanuh
pksd gS vj bykgkckn eSa bZ vsd pksd gS i.k eka;yS tks/kiqj eSa pksdka jh cgkj gSA
52
103
uo pksfd;k lwa ys; u egkehUnj jS pksd rd ek.kd pksd] cM+yk jkS pksd] ?kksM+k
jkS pksd] eksrh pksd] vktkn pksd] vt; pksd] fot; pksd] mEesn pksd]
lqHkkl pksd lkjk fek; u lkr dksl jh Hkka; eSa dksbZ chlsd pksd gSA b.k pksdka
jS chpkscho mck Nk;knkj cM+yk&ihai vj moka jS gsVs ykxksM+h ika.kh jh afV;ka
jS pk:aesj feu[kka jS feu[ki.kS jk eksy esk iwjS cjl Hkjhtrk jsosA fla>~;kjk pkj
cft;ka jsYos odZlksi jh lhVh vsd ckj Qsj t;?kksl djS vj tks/kiqj jh fnup;kZ
lakLd`frd pgy igy lk: ixfy;k Hkjrh nhlSA b.k c[kr dksbZ :r eSa eka;yh
xf;ka vj ckjyk uxjka jh lM+dka ekFkS lft;ksM+k QSVk >qdk;ksM+k yksd vj xS.kka
xkaBka lwa yfn;ksM+h yqxk;ka jh Vksf;ka fuxS vk ldSA vS dksbZ tylS R;wagkj jh
euokj djrk lk vsds cktS ix Hkjrk tksl eSa ukprk nhlSA lSax tkrka jk liuk]
lc /kjeka jk jax b.k gok eka;a ltrk ns[k ldkaA îxSykxwa lk* vj ^vlYykekysdeq *
jh ?kkbZ vsdh BkSM+] vsdS eksdS] vsd xh eSa] vsdS lkFkS lq.khtS!
esg jkS ys[kks iwjS cjl dksbZ rhlsd ls.VhehVj jkS yhjhtS i.k lkao.k Hkknos
jkS vsdwdks fnu vBS esS jS fnu tSM+kS y[kkoSA fgUnw lko.k Hkknos jk >wy.kk ekFkS
jk/kfdlu uS fgaMkoS vj eqlyeku eaMksj dk ifCyd ikjd eSa fjef>e jS jax eSa
jaxhtSA [kkl rht R;wagkj jS fcuk bZ tS ckcks jh> uS fNU;hd cknka jh Nk;k djnS
rkS yksxka jk ix eaMksj dk dk;yk.kS [kkrj vk[krk iM+.k ykxtkA
fla>~;kjk ikap cft;ka iNS lwjtuxj pUnz fdj.k T;wa BaMkS gkso.k ykx
tkoSA Hkxokau HkkLdj ft.k Hk;adjrk lwa Hk``dqVh rka.kS] mrjh bt QqrhZ lwa vkijh
ek;k lesV u nqdkau Mks<h djrk nhlSA vkijh xjeh lesV uS lh[k ysork y[kkoSA
lka> lqjebZ lka> lwjtuxjh uS BaMh fgykska jk ghaMk nsoAs eka;yk ctkj yksx&yqxk;ka
jS gst&gsr jh gok lwa gj[kS] rkS ckjyk uxj vj cfLr;ka lM+dka ekFkS vk; iwxSA
'kL=huxj] lnkjiqjks] gkmflax cksMZ lc jk lc dkauh dkauh lft;ksM+k ctkj vj
QSfy;ksMk+ cxhpka dkuh Oghj gksork nhlSA xka/kh eSnku ;k jko.k jS pcwrjS eSnku eSa
dksbZ ljdl ;k tknw jkS djrc ns[kf.k;ka jh ckV tksoS] rkS xhrk Hkou ;k lRlax
Hkou eSa dksbZ lRlafx;ka jkS jsykS dksbZ dFkkckp.k okS lar jS vksh nkSh jdrkS
fuxS vkoSA etnwj eSnkau] ?kaVk?kj jkS pksd ;k LVsfM;e eSnkau dksbZ VsM ;wfu;u ;k
jktfurh jh :xVkbZ jk ekaM.kk ekaMrkS usrk jS Hkkl.k jkS Hkkstu djrkS lks y[kkoSA
b.kh rjS Bkmu gky eka; dksbZ ukVd eaMh jkS [ksy] dfo lEesyu] laxhr lHkk] ;k
eqlk;jks vkijh R;kjh lkFkS euokjka dj ldS!
104
dkt;h
lwjt uxjh jh xqykch lka> lkpka.kh lqjx jkS vkuan nsoSA ok lektokn jkS
ltho njlko gSA lwjt <f;ka iNS tks/kiqj iwjS fnu jh ckrka phrka lekpkjka jh
pkoh gFkk;ka ekFkS ikNh car djSA lkL=huxj eSa gq;ksMh+ dksbZ dqeksr&xeh jkS lksx
lsokaphxsV jS ekjx LgSj eSa iwx tkosykA etnwj eSnkau jS eqlk;jS ekFkS izrkiuxj eSa
nkn nhjhtsykA C;ko lxkbZ jS tqyql eSa tks/kiqjh lkQkS vj can xS jkS dksV isfj;ka
lkjh tkr /kje jk feu[k vsds BkSM+ fuxS vkosykA vBS tkr] /kje] lEiznk; vj
jktfurh lSax cseryc gS] ts eryc jk[kS rkS dksjks feu[ki.kkSA dksbZ tekauS eSa
vBkjh gFkk;ka ekFkS ikSj fla>~;ka chfr;ka lwa nks; ikSj jkr x;ka rd [kkl [kkl
ekeyka ekFkS cSl chth gksorh vj dha ckrka r; djhtrh ftdka uS jkt ljdkj bZ
uh Vk ldrhA vka gFkk;ka jh Hkfo"; okaf.k;ka vk[kj vk[kj lkp fudrhA
jktk vj lkeUr bZvka gFkk;ka jh gktjh HkjrkA b.k [kkrj Hkheth jh gFkkbZ] uk;kaa jS
cM+ jh gFkkbZ] uopksfd;k jh gFkkbZ] czg~eiqjh jh gFkkbZ bR;kn bfrgkl eSa pkoh gSA
vkt rd vka gFkk;ka jS cqyUn vsyk.kka jS vksk nksk ikau jk [kks[kka] nw/k jh nqdkauka
vj feBk;ka jk <kcka ekFkS gkso.k okh lwjt uxjh jh fla>~;k jh pjpkoka [kkl
eryc jk[kSA dksbZ ikau jh nqdkau ekFkS mHkkS tgwj [kka jktLFkkauh Hkklk jh odkyr
djrkS nhlsyk rkS futke dWkQh gkml eka; vkijh uoh xt+y ekFkS Ogk Ogk ywB
fj;kS gksosykA fd.kh pkSd eka; mLrkn mHkkS lkeUrh jkt ;k uksdj lkgh uS cdkjrkS
nh[k ldS vj Vkmu gky eka; dkcjk jS ljksn jh >adkj lq.kht ldSA b.k car eSa
dksbZ ykyth crkosyk d okyhcky jh fdlh Vhe thrsykA Bkg iM+ ldS d ?kksMk+ a
jS pksd eka; fdlh dpdM+S jh QSDVh ykxh gS ;k eksrh pksd eSa fdlks cSaMokkS
uokS cktkS yk;kS gSA xhr laxhr] Hkkstu Hkklk OgkS ;k diM+s jh jaxkbZ] LVhy ikVk
jksfyax] tks/kiqj gjesl iz;ksxlhy jS;kS gSA vka iz;ksxka eka; dha u dha uokS
okijtkA jktLFkkauh lkfgR;dkjka jh ikslk vj dykdkjka jh xknh gS tks/kiqjA
b.k dkj.k Hkkjr jkS vk/kkS LVhy ikVkS b.k BkSM+ pknj c.kko.k esa dke vkoS rks
cEcbZ jS iNS nwtkS uacj dpdM+k m|ksx esa tks/kiqj jkS vkoSA b;wa gLrdyk esa bZ
nqfu;k esa tks/kiqj uke dek;kS gSA
i.k nks; ikSj jkr x;ka iNS nqfu;k eSa ikap Vkadka jkS tks/kiqjh dksV vj
fczftl isfj;ka iksyks jk f[kykfM+;ka jS ika.k thr jk Madk ctkof.k;kS uxj ijk;S
ika.k nwckS gksorks nhlSA lkodki.kkS lulhVh uS vkt rd larkorks fj;ks gSA ft.k
uxjh ijk;ka uS vaxsft;k m.k lkFkS vkijk ijk;kS i.k cjrrk vk;k gSA vBk jkS
xqest Hkfj;ks bfr;kl jkr jh dkl eka; jksorkS nhlSA jkBksM+ka jh usui jh c[kr
nqxkZ ckcS Madk ctk;k ft.k jh lk[k eaMksj jh nsorkoka jh lk vkt bZ HkjS gS rkS
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105
bZ nqxksZ f{kizk nkfx;kSA ^vk;kS vaxzst eqyd jS mij] dksbZ rkS jk[kkS jtiwrh dk fganw
dk eqlekau* xkof.k;kS tks/kiqj gkykafd vaxzstka jS f[kykQ ejkBS Hkkm uS lj.k nh
b.k jh lk[k egkehanj eka; Hkkm jh Nrjh vkt bZ Hkj jh gS i.k dnsbZ dksbZ jktk
daiuh cgknqj jS [kksS eSa tk; csBkS rkS dnsbZ eqxyka jS ewaMS vkxS esgjckauh jh Hkh[k
ekaxrks jS;kSA esgjka.kx< jk xks[kM+k cw<S ckcS jh vkaf[k;ka nkbZ izhr jkS ika.kh
cjlkorh jS;h lwjtikska QrSikska jk [kksk tke.k T;wa liwrka lwa gst dfj;kSA
/kuth Hkheth uS lbZdka lwa vkijS ewaMS vkxS jk[kf.k;S esgjka.kx< >xM+S lwa Hkkx u
vko.k okS vkijS jktk uS QVdkfj;kS bZ gkSA tksjth pkaikor jk ?kksM+k gksh jk
Qkxka eSa vkt bZ ctkjka eka; ?kweSA ikfdLrkau jh lkjh yM+k;ka tks/kiqj jkr jk va/
kkjk eSa ns[krkS vk;kS i.k jkst jkst jh fctyh jh lsfMax uxj eka; CysdvkmV uS
thorks dj nSA 26]10 mrjh vDlkal vj 75] iwchZ nslkUrj jS ?ksjS eka; cfl;ksM+S
tks/kiqj jh jkrka jksM ykbVka jh yqd&ehp.kh lwa v.kwrh dkh gks; tkoSA
b.k dkh jkrka eka; ubZ lM+d ekFkS lq.khtS gS d :i ctkj ltS gSA uoS
tekauS jh dqaBk jk njlko ukjh ljhjka jh fulehZ fFkjdu rcyS jh Fki&Fki jS :i
ikauM+htrk nhlSA ?kkleaMh jS [kq.kka eka; vtS vtka.k ukp.k okh jk fBdka.kk
tksork ?kweSA dfeLujSV jh fFkji.kk iNS bZ vk ukprh jhr ikar feu[k tekjs jkS
lclwa twukS oksikj [ksr eka; [kjirokj jS nkbZ ckjyh cfLr;ka eka; tM+ka tek;
fj;kS gSA tks/kiqj vkijS fg;S eka; vsM+h gj vksijh ckrka bZ yqdk;ka cSBkS gSA vk bZ
thorS LgSj jh fulka.kh gSA ljdkj jh csijokbZ jh dk[k lwa ladhtrh daokajh
lM+dka rhu ikSj jkr iNS lw; tkoS] i.k cw<h xf;ka car djSA tks/kk.kS jk pkad
gFkk;ka jh gktjh HkjS] pksjka lwa pksdhnkjh djSA b.k dkj.k LgjS eka; pksjh] tkjh]
[kwu uh ftrkd gksoSA gkykafd iqfyl lkopsrh jk liuk ns[kS vj cUnkscLr jh
ckanh ekanh iM+h jSoSA rkS bZ uxj cLrh jS vkilh gst gsr lwa geslka jkslu jSoSA
vktknh jS iNS lwjt uxj vsd [kksf;S eka; nks; tho nkbZ thorkS nhlSA
ijdksVS jS eka;yS iklS jktLFkkauh cksyf.k;k lkadM+S eSa fHkM+kSfHkM+ jSo.kkS ilUn djS
rkS ckjyk ge re djf.k;k vaxzsthnk vkijS erS ilj uS jSo.kkS pkoSA xf;ka eSa
xS.kka&xkkaBka ;wa xwaFkhft;ksM+h xoj iwtrh fx.kxksj jk xhr xkorh yk/kS vj ckjyh
lM+dka ekFkS ekuxj jh efgykoka nkbZ feuh] eSDlh iSfj;ka Dycka jkS lkSd QjekoSA
i.k vk vksijh jhr ikar tks/kiqj uh vaxstS] vkS bt dkj.k gS d gekj jh lH;rk
tks/kiqj lwa dfV;ksMh+ y[kkoSA dksjks lwjt uxjh jkS :i bt b.keSa thorkS nhlSA T;wa
uoS jktesgy mEesn Hkou jk gksVy eka; ijnslh ikae.kk c.k lSyk.kh cktjh jS
106
dkt;h
lksxjs lkFkS [kkVs jkS csikjkS djS vj twuS esgjka.kx< jk esgyka uS ns[k.k jkS eksg uh
NksM+ ldSA jkr jk can dejka jh jkslfu;ka bfEr;ku jh R;kjh djrk Vkcjka uS i<koS
vj xqykch jkr jh eSfQyka bZ ltkoSA ljnkj Dyc] gksVy vkscjs k; eka; vs;jQkslZ
jk vQlj jkthiS jh jklka [kkaprk nhlS rkS dUnksbZ ctkj jh xf;ka] ljknkjiqjk jh
lM+dka ekFkS bZ jkr jk pkj ikSj rd pgy igy jSoSA b.k pgy igy eka; vsM+k
fgUnw fesyk ftdk jkstk jk[kS vsM+k eqlyekau fesyk ftdk jke jke djSA tSu
xhrk Hkou jh lkjlaHkk djS jkekuUnh dksV jkS fglkc fdrkc ns[kS iNS lSax Hksk
gks; xq:}kjS [kkrj panks bZ HkskS djSA gekj jk fnuka fur cnrh ljdkjka jk
uqekbUnka LgSj uS egkuxj c.kko.k jk liuka lkj ckjyh lM+dka pksM+h dj tks/kiqj
uS vksijkS [kksf;ks isjko.kks ekafM;kSA twuh jsthMsUlh jksM ;k uoS xkSjo iFk ekFkS
mch Hkk*th eFkqjknklth] ekV~lkc lhrkjketh vj dkuwunk y{eheYyth jh
ewjrka pksM+h lM+dka ekFkS pepekorh dkjka eka; nksM+rS izlklu jS ikaxki.ks jkS
v.kwrkS jat djrh y[kkoS vj ;wuhojlhVh jS ewaMS mch t;ukjk;.k O;klth jh ewjr
jkst gksork gwyM+ka lwa gcd [kkorh fuxS vkoSA [kklh jkr x;ka nks cft;ka iNS
feBkbZ ctkj eka; vlyh ?kh jh lksjHk vj vkMk ctkj eka; cknk c.kkof.k;ka jh
gFkksM+k jh Bd Bd jh rky ekFkS tks/kiqj iks<.k jh R;kjh djSA b.k Vse bZ dksbZ va/
kkjS [kq.kS eSa fpeuh dk fctyh jh jksluh lqtkx gksorh nhlSA lk;r dksbZ lhrkjkae
ykl viks<h gks; lcn dksl jk ljktkeka eSa ykxX;kS gS dk dksbZ t;ukjk;.k
O;kl uS Ldwy Bko.k lk: pankS :i nka.kk jh Hkh[k ekax.k tko.kkS OgSykA tks/kiqj
jh lka>&lwjt vkFkfe;ka iNS ?k.kh eksM+h vkoSA
ppp
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tgwj lk*c lwa car

tgwj lk*c jktLFkkauh jk uoh :.k jk d.kwdkoku fuca/k ys[kd ekuhtSA
yksx tgwj lk*c uS jktLFkkauh jk ck.kHk dfg;k djS gSA tgwj lk*c lwa fuca/k
fo/kk vj m.kka jS fy[k.k ckcr car bl Hkkar gS
loky&tgwj lk*c jktLFkkauh lkfgR; lekt eSa vki cka.kHkV~V ekuhtkS
gkS] EgS tka.k.kkS pkowa gwa d Vkcji.kS vkijS pk:aesj vsM+k fdLlk laLdkj gk d
ftdka jS ika.k vki ys[kd c.kX;kA
tokc&b;wa gS dSklth d Vkcji.kS Egkjk Hkqokth gk ftdk ?k.kk fdLlk
?k.kh dFkkoka lq.kkork gkA ?k.kdjh dkf.k;ka rkS oS dfork eSa cksy uS lq.kkorkA vk
ftdh rhMkSjko yksd dFkk gS vk EgSa ?k.kh okj moka lwa dfork eSa lq.khA rkS b.k rjS
jktLFkkauh jh yksd dFkkoka jS ika.k EgS lkfgR; lwa gsr dj.kkS lhf[k;kSA iNS dabZ gS
d bfrgkl i<rka i<korka EguS y[kk;kS d ?k.kh ckrka bfrgkl eSa vsM+h yk/kS d
ftdka jh lkpkbZ mtkxj dj.k lk: lkfgR; jh vksV t:jh gSA T;wa EgS vsdj ^yk*
ekFkS fy[k.k jh fopkjh] i.k dabZ gS d bfrgkl okk fcuk lk[k fcuk jsQjasUl
vsd ikamaMkS bZ uh HkjS] vj ^yk* jS ckcr dBSbZ fd.kh bZ iksFkh eSa fyf[k;ksM+kS uh
yk/kSA rkS etcwj gks; EguS oks ys[k fuca/k jS :i eSa fy[k.kkS ifM+;kSA ;kfu EguS
bfrgkl lwa gV uS lkfgR; eSa vko.kkS ifM+;kSA geS vki lkph ekaukS d Hkkjr ljdkj
jS fl{kk ea=ky; jS laLd`fr foHkkx jS vsd folslkad eSa vkS ys[k Nfi;kS vj ipkl
fpfB;ka okg okg jh vkbZA rkS EgaS bfrgkl lwa gV u fy[k.kks l: dfj;kS vj ?k.kh
vsM+h ckrka ftdh d bfrgkl jh iksfFk;ka eSa uh gS] i.k lkph gS oS fy[kh vj vki
jh futjka eSa ys[kd c.kX;kSA
loky&fy[k.k eSa x| [kkl dj uS fuca/k fo/kk pq.k.k jkS dksbZ [kkl
dkj.k\
tokc&dabZ gS d vkaikjh jktLFkkauh Hkklk ekFkS dfo;ka jh Hkklk gkso.k jh
Nki ykxksM+h gSA EguS bZ jktLFkkauh dkaf.k;ka] fdLlk vj dforkoka lwa yxko gSA
iNS /kdS vkorka jktLFkkauh x| uS FkksM+kS lks lckS dj.k jkS eu gq;kSA t.kS nks
dkt;h
lwjrka gh ds dk rkS dforkoka dkf.k;ka eka; dha fyf[k;kS tkoS] D;wa ds iSyk rkS dksjh
jktLFkkauh dforkoka dforkoka pyhA iNS jktLFkkauh dforkoka eka; lwa fudh rkS
dkaf.k;ka eSa vVdxhA vj EgS D;wa d bfr;kl lwa tqfM+;ksM+kS gkS b.k [kkrj fy[k.k uS
bZ tho djrks gkSA i.k dforkoka vj dkaf.k;ka jh dYiuk jh mMka.k EgkjS cl jh uh
gh b.k okLrS EgS fuca/k dkuh mrfj;kS vj jktLFkkauh x| uS FkkaM+ks*d nkBhdi.kkS
nso.k jkS fopkj dfj;kSA
loky&tgwj lk*c vki b.Vj lkbal vaxzsth lwa djh] iNS vse-vsbfrgkl eSa djhA ts vki vaxzsth eSa fy[kkS rkS Nkif.k;k eksdk vj ts fgUnh
eSa fy[kkS rkS i<f.k;k ?k.kkA iNS fy[k.k jkS tfj;kS vki jktLFkkauh vaxst.k jh D;wa
/kkjh\
tokc&b.k ckcr vkiuS vsd fdLlkS lq.kkma!&dksbZ uksdjh jkS b.VjO;w
gksorks gkSA b.VjO;w ysof.k;S vQlj ds;kS d HkbZ jktLFkkau eSa uksdjh dj.kh gS rkS
jktLFkkauh tka.k.kh t:jh gSA Egkjk vsd cSyh ftdk jktLFkkauh uh gk i.k uksdjh
jS ykyp eSa b.VjO;w eSa dS; fn;kS d EguS vkoS gS vk HkklkA tn oka uS iwfN;ks d
rksj.k dabZ OgS\ oS cksfy;k d lk] rksj.k C;kao eSa lkljs jS cqxsj.kS ekFkS ckaf/k;ksMkS
OgS vj m.kuS chanjktk tk; uS Vp djS ft.k lwa Bk iM+tk d chan uh rkS vka/kkS gS
vj uh ikaxkS gSA vQlj cksfy;k d vS rkS lc ckrka Bhd gS i.k vk Vp djS jh
jktLFkkauh dabZ OgSA oS Vp jh jktLFkkauh uh crk; lfd;kA iNS EgkjS [kuS vk;
iwfN;kS d HkbZ vk Vp djS jh jktLFkkauh dabZ gksoS\ EgS dg~;kS&ns[kkS lk ekrjHkklk
vj ekMka.kh jfV;ksM+h Hkklk eSa vkS eksVkS Qjd gSA tS vki ^Vp dj* jh tkxk
^fVpdkS ns* cksy nsork rkS ekjokM+h gks; tkorhA b.k jS vykok vM+k.kkS] fHkM+k.kkS]
Vksd.kkS] yxk.kkS] fVpdkS ns.kkS ipkl ckrka gks; ldSA EgkjkS eryc vkS gS d ek;M+
Hkklk ftdh eka jkS nw/k pwa?krka lh[kh OgS] m.keSa EgkjkS bt uh fd.k jkS bZ vsDlizslu
lko gks; ldS gSA vj EgkjS rkS vk ckr tfe;ksM+h gS d EgSa jktLFkkauh eSa bt
lko fy[k ldwaA gkykafd FkksM+h ?k.kh fganh vaaxzsth bZ tka.kw gwaA
loky&fy[k.k jS vkax.kS vki fuca/k jh fdlh tkxk ekaukS] T;wa ds&
fFkzfll] VhVkbt] vkfVZdy] vsLlS] dEiksftlu] ujsluA vka eka; lwa fuca/k vki
fd.kuS ekukS\ jktLFkkauh eSa bZ oSyh] [;kr] ckr] nokoSr] c[kka.k] izca/k] ca/k]
izdkl b;ka eka; lwa fdlkS fuca/k gS\
tokc&vly eSa vS lc fuca/k uh gSA ftdk vki ukae cksfy;k vka eka;
lwa vsd vsLlS uS yksx dsos t:j gS d fuca/k i.k vsLlS vaxzsth jh vsd rjS lwa
55
tgwj lk*c lwa car
109
fuckbZ gSA dhadj d eku yks vki pksFkh Dykl jS Vkcj uS dsokS d xk; ekFkS
ys[k fy[kkS] ft.kuS vaxzsth eSa dsoS gS d ^jkbV ,u ,Lls vku dkm*A b;wa jkS b;wa
ekUVSu ftdkS d vaxzsth eSa iSykS fuca/kdkj ekuhtS gS m.kuS dsoS d okS iSykS
vslsbLV gkSA rkS ys[k vj fuca/k eSa EgkjS eku.kS eSa vaxzsth eSa dha [kkl Qjd uh gSA
D;wa d nksuka uS bZ vsLlS dsoS gSA vkfVZdy] VhVkbt vS U;kjk gSA i.k ft.k uS vkaika
fuca/k dsoka gka okS vsLlS lwa vk;kS gSA vj vsLlS eSa nks; ckrka Hksh gSA oka eka; lwa
vsd bt fuca/k gSA ft.kuS vkaika fganh eSa ys[k dsoka ft.keSa lh/kkS ujslu gksoS d
xk; jS nks; lhax gksoS pkj Vkaxka gksoS u b;waA vj vsd vki dksbZ ckr dsokS] uoh
vVax ;k vkijh izfrf;k gksoSA fd.kh ckr jS lkeh] fd.kh ys[k jS lkeh] ok
t:jh uh gS d lSaxk jS nkbZ gksoSA vk bZ t:jh uh gS d okS dksbZ uok fl/kkUr
c[kka.kS] ;k dksbZ leL;k [kM+h dj uS m.k jkS mRrj nsoSA vk Hkh t:jh uh gS&vsd
ckr fy[kkjkS cka/k&ca/kk; u yksxka jS lkeh /kjnS] lko cka/k ca/kk;uSA vc D;wa d
fuca/k eSa [kkl xr ?kld jk fopkj gksoS b.k okLrs okS ckSr dM+ktwM+ caf/k;ksM+kS
OgS.kkS pkbtSA b.k okLrS fuca/k jh Hkklk ckSr dM+ktwM+ OgS.kh pkbtSA vk ekauhtS
vj m.keSa dha u dha uok/kh ckr OgS.kh pkbtSA b.k okLrS VhVkbt] us nokosr] us
okr] us [;kr] us ftdk vki fx.kk;k oS fuca/k uh gSA b.k lclwa vyx gSA vaxzth
okS vsLlS jk nks; Hkkx gS&ys[k vj fuca/k m.k eka; lwa vsd Hkkx gSA
loky & Mk- tkulu jh ifjHkklk&eqDr eu jh ekst fcuk fu;e jh
v/kikdh jpuk ftdh O;ofLFkr uh OgS ok ^fuca/k* dghtS b.k lwa vki dBkrd
lger gkS!
tokc&gkaW vk fcYdqy lkph gSA T;wa EgS vckj vkiuS ds;kS d ok ys[kd
jh izfrf;k gS&dksbZ t:jh uh d m.keSa vsd fjtYV njlkoS] dksbZ t:jh uh gS
d dksbZ leL;k jkS lek/kku djS&leL;k uS pks[kS lCnka eSa mBko.kkS [kqnks[kqn eSa
fuca/k OgsX;kSA dksbZ fopkj iwjkS ifjiDo OgS vkS t:jh uh gS] okS v/kdpjkS OgS
ldSA b.k okLrS tkulu jh ckr EguS rkS fcYdqy lgh ykxS ds fuca/k vsd v/
kdpjkS fopkj gks; ldS] vk t:jh uh gS d gesl v/kdpjkS bt OgSA dnSbZ dnSbZ
lko vsd uhxf;ksM+kS fopkj bZ gks ldSA dnS dnS fuca/kdkj vsM+h ckr /kjS d
fd.kusbZ uh tpS b.k okLrS v/kdpjh ckr lwa fuxf;ksM+h ckr uS fuca/k dS;
ldkaA
loky&jktLFkkauh lkfgR; jS bfrgkl eSa fuca/k jh tk=k ckcr dha tka.kdkjh
fnjkokSA iNS vka twuk fuca/kka uS ns[krka vkt jk fuca/k fd.k tkxk gSA dha [kqyklkS
djkokM+k!S
110
dkt;h
tokc&T;wa ds EgS iSyh ds;kS gkS ds ?k.kh fdrkcka eSa jktLFkkauh ckcr b;wa
fyf[k;ksM+kS yk/kS d fuca/k jktLFkkauh eSa gS bt uhA i.k vk ckr vViVh ykxS]
dkj.k ds BsV jktLFkkauh lkfgR; laxzg jk ys[k ftdk ds 18oha lnh jk fyf[k;ksM+k
ykxS] fuca/k jh dsVsxjh eSa /kjht ldSA ckr c.kko jkoth jkS csikjkS tSM+k ys[kka eSa
fuca/k jh iSykiSy ?kld fuxS vkoSA vly eSa vS ys[k o.kukZRed caf/k;ksM+h Hkklk
eSa fyf[k;kSM+k fuca/k bt ekauht.kk pkbtSA gkykafd vS cksr mPpdksfV jk fuca/k
uh gS] i.k fuca/k jh ifjHkklk eSa vS vkoSA b.k jS iNS vSM+kS dghtS gS d f'kopanzth
Hkjfr;k vkijh iksfFk;ka jh Hkwfedkoka eSa fuca/k fyf[k;kA b.k jS ckn i=&if=dkoka
eSa fuca/k fy[kf.k;k dha xqtjkrh Nkika eSa jktLFkkauh fuca/k Nfi;kA vkaika jS vBS
bZ^sgsyks*] ê:oka.kh*] ^jktLFkh* lwa ys; j êk.kd* rkabZ QqVdj fuca/k Nfi;kA
i.k Egkjh le> eSa ykjyk nl cjlka lwa fuca/k jktLFkkauh eSa dM+ktwM+ vk/kqfud
:i yso.k ykxX;k gSA T;wa iSyk jkorth fuca/k fyf[k;k gk] lqesjflag 'ks[kkor
fuca/k fy[kS gSA cknh okk pUnzflg th dksbZ lrkbl cjlka iSyk vsd fuca/k
laxzg fudkf;kS ftdkS ?k.kkS pkokS gq;kSA vcS vktdky rkS fuca/k laxzg fujkbZ
fudS gS] oka eSa lc rjS jk fuca/k&dha cksr pks[kk] dha FkksM+k eksk gSA i.k geSa
fuca/k dkuh jktLFkkauh fy[kkjka jkS /;ku x;kS gSA vkt jktLFkkauh eSa fuca/k mrk
bt fy[kht fj;k gS ftrk nwth Hkklkoka eSaA vj lc Hkkar jk] foKku fopkj jh
uoh ckrka bZ OgS gS] fuca/k jh lkjh xrka jk fuca/k geS jktLFkkauh eSa yh[kht fj;k
gSA vckj jk jktLFkkauh fuca/k de lwa de Hkkjrh; Hkklkoka jh tksM+ eSa jk[k.k tksx
gSA i.k vk ckr ykjyk chl cjlka jh bt gS m.k jS iSyk vk ckr uh ghA
loky&jktLFkkauh eSa fuca/k fy[kkjka jh iSyh iaxr eSa vki fdlk ukeka uS
fx.kkoksyk\ iNS fdlkS fy[kkjkS fuca/k jh fdlh xr lwa xUukS jk[kS\
tokc&vly eSa vkS FkksM+kS*d vc[kkS loky vki iwfN;kS gSA dkj.k dS
EgSa gekj dS;kS d cksr T;knk fuca/k fy[k.k jh jhr vBS uh gh&iSyh ckrA nwth
ckr vBS ftdkS fuca/k jkS E;kukS yhjhtrks okS O;fDrijd ;k d`frRoijd ys[kka lwa
gk] T;wa ^lhrkjke ykl vj oka jkS lcn dksl*A vS vaxzsth jk vsLlS jS T;wa ys[kka
eSa vkoSA fuca/k okh ckr&fopkj] uok/kh ckr] Hkklk jh dlkoV oxsjk&b.k
ifjHkklk fuca/k fy[kf.k;k ykjyk nl cjlka eSa bt vk;k gSA T;wa lqesjflagth
'ks[kkor gS] jkorth bZ fuca/k fyf[k;kA b;wa EguS bZ yksx dsos gS d Fkkjk fuca/k
pks[kk gSA i.k vkijkS ftdkS loky gS d dq.k fd.k xr jkS fuca/kdkj gS] b.k
fglkc lwa ?k.kkS fjysos.V uh gSA ;wa dS; ldka ds jkorth jk fucaa/k lkfgfR;d gS
56
tgwj lk*c lwa car
111
vj lksHkkxflagth 'ks[kkor oxsjk jk fuca/k laxzS fudf;k gS oS lSax O;fDrijd

lkfgfR;d fuca/k gSA EgSa dksfll djh gwa d dha fopkj iz/kku fuca/k fyf[k;k tkoS
T;wa&îqu*] ^cnko*] ^tw.k rkS b;wa bZ dV tkosyk* vsM+h dksfll jk Q gSA
loky&vaxzsth eSa T;wa eksUVsu vj csdu O;fDr vj fol; ijd fy[kkjk
ekauhtS b;wa bZ jktLFkkauh eSa U;kjh U;kjh xrka lwa xUukS jk[kf.k;k [kkl fuca/kdkj
dq.k gS\
tokc&vS ftdk vki ukae fx.kk;k vS vaxzsth jk l:vkr jk fuca/kdkj
gSA gekj jktLFkkauh eSa vk bt gkyr gSA i.k lko caVokM+kS dj.kkS ?k.kkS vc[kkS
dkae gSA D;wa d fuca/kka jS isVS jktLFkkauh vtS brjh flej/k uh gSA
loky&jktLFkkauh eSa dwar fy[k.k vj xSy ckcr vkijk fopkj\
tokc&dwar lkfgR; eSa ?k.kh egrkm vj t:jh fo/kk gSA [kkl dj uS
jktLFkkauh eSa dwar fy[kf.k;k iSjoka ekFkS fx.kS ftrjk bt gSA iNS dabZ gS d dwar
bekaunkjh lwa fcuk i[kS jh gks.kh pkbtSA dk rkS vsd jS ?k.kk ?k.kk ekhiUuk tM+nkS
vj dk ekMka.kh ehu&es[k dk<rka dk<rka v.kwrh dkV djnkS&vs nksuw bZ ckrka Bhd
uh gSA
loky&tgwj lk*c jktLFkkauh Hkklk jh laoS/kkfud ekU;rk jkS vkanksyu
eqyd jh vktknh lwa bZ iSyk lwa pky fj;kS gSA ykjyk nks; chlh cjlka lwa b.keSa
?k.kh gx ephA fo/kku lHkk vsd jk; lwa ekU;rk [kkrj ladYi bZ ikfjr
dfj;kSA ftdh ikjVh ladYi ikfjr dfj;kS dsUnz eSa m.k jkS bt jkt gS iNS ckr
cBS tk;*j vVdxh\
tokc&dabZ gS dSklth d vkaikjS ftdk usrk vkoS oS pq.kko jS iSyk rkS
nwtk gksoS vj pq.kko jS iNS nwtk gks; tkoSA pq.kko jS iSyk rkS oS oksVka jS ykyp eSa
FkksM+h ?k.kh ?kj jh ckrka djS] jktLFkkauh cksyS] pq.kko gq;ka iNS [kkyh oS vkijS
vkdkoka jkS [k;ky jk[kSA vkS bt dkj.k gS d HkS:flag th tSM+k jktLFkkauh jk
gsrkq gksorka Fkdkaa bZ Hkklk uS ekU;rk uh fehA r; :i lwa dsUnz jk usrkoka jh
v.kwrkbZ jkS ncko vkMkS vk; fj;kS gSA gkykafd geS vVyfcgkjh cktiSbZ tSM+k usrk
bZ jktLFkkauh uS ekU;rk nso.k jh ckr ekFkS ikNkS fopkj dj.k jh ckr dj fj;k gkA
lks ekU;rk rkS fe.kh bt gSA turk jh ckr iztkra= eSa ncko.kh ?k.kkS vc[kkS dkae
gSA iNS vsd ckr vk bZ gS d ftdk twuk tru gq;k oS bZ ?k.kk lck uh gkA
gkykafd m.k c[kr t;ukjk;.k th O;kl] tloarjkt th esgrk] egkjktk dj.khflag
112
dkt;h
th] ve`r th ukgVk] y{eheYy th fla?koh] jka.kh y{ehdqekjh pwaMkor tSMk+

yksxka fo/kkulHkk vj yksdlHkk eSa vkokt mBkbZ i.k dha detksfj;ka jS dkj.k ikj
uh iM+hA iNS egkjktk xtflagth] xqekueYyth yks<k tSM+ka b.k ekeys uS mBk;kSA
iNS vktdy vksadkjflag y[kkor] Hkhejktth HkkVh] ukjk;.kflagth ek.kdyko]
tksxs'oj xxZ vj Hks:flagth xwtj tSM+k [kir eSa ykxksM+k gSA vkB djksM+
jktLFkkafu;ka jh Hkkouk iztkra= eSa nckbZ uh tk ldSA b.k nhB lwa ykjyh ljdkj
jktLFkkauh ckcr ladYi bZ ikfjr dfj;kSA geS dabZ gS d ftdh ikVhZ ladYi
ikfjr dfj;kS m.k jh bt ljdkj dsUnz eSa gS i.k vly eSa rkS vk vsd Hksf;k
ljdkj gSA oS fgUnh jS uqDlku jS fel jktLFkkauh jh ekU;rk jksd jk[kh gSA iNS
vly eSa rkS vk oksVka jh fuckbZ gSA
loky&?k.kdjk yksx jktLFkkauh vj fganh eSa tksM+ ca/kkoS&b.k ckr eSa
fdrksd lkj gS\ jktLFkkauh jS c/kkiS lwa fganh jkS uqDlk.k gS dabZ\
tokc&dRrbZ uhA vk ckr mBh mBk lwa bt [kksVh gSA fganh rkS jkLVHkklk
gS vj jktLFkkauh jkS vkanksyu rkS m.kuS rhth Hkklk c.kko.k [kkrj gSA iNS
jkLVHkklk vj izkarh; Hkklk eSa rkS Vdjko gks; bZ uh ldSA fganh jk firkeg
dS;htf.k;k fd'kksjhnkl oktiSbZ vkijh iksFkh ^fganh 'kCnkuq'kklu* jh Hkwfedk eSa
jktLFkkauh uS iwjh jkrh ekrh ikaxfj;ksM+h U;kjh Hkklk ekauh gSA vly eSa jktLFkkauh
uS jkt jh ekuSr.k c.kko.k lwa fganh jkS rkS HkykS bt gkso.kkS gSA b.k nhB lwa jktLFkkauh
jkS fganh lwa Vdjko jh rkS dksbZ xwatkbl bZ uh gSA
loky&vki vkijk fuca/kka eSa jktLFkkauh jh rilh ih<h ckcr fy[k.k jh
[kir djh gSA b.k jS ykjS vkijh dabZ eulk jSbZ gS\
tokc&Egkjh vk dksfll jsbZ gS d EgS Egkjh gjvsd iksFkh eSa jktLFkkau jh
laLd`fr jS vsd cw jkS fprjkae mds:a] iNS HkykabZ lhrkjkae ykl tSMk+ S lkfgR;dkj
gksokS vj HkykbZ t;ukjk;.kth O;kl tSM+kS jktusrk vj HkykabZ lj izrki tSM+kS
jktlh iq:lA EgkjS fg;S eSa m.kka lk: ?k.kkS gsr gS ft.kuS jktLFkkauh laLd`fr lwa gsr
gSA
loky&jktLFkkauh ys[kdka jh f'kdk;r gS d izdkld uh feS vj
izdkld fNU;k d ys[kdka jk nk;jS eSa vwf>;ksM+k nhlSA ?k.kk ys[kdka jkS bfrgkl
gS d moka uS [kqn jh fdrkcka [kqn uS Niko.kh iM+h [kkl ckr dabZ gS\
tokc&vkijh ckr lko lkph gS d jktLFkkauh jk pkok Bkok ys[kdka uS bZ
vkijh fdrkcka [kqn uS bt Niko.kh iM+h ojrekau eSa bZ pks[kk ys[kd [kqn bt
57
tgwj lk*c lwa car
113
Niko.k uS etcwj gSA i.k ?kwe fQj u ckr NikbZ jS vjFk ra= ekFkS vVd tkoSA
jktLFkkauh eSa ikBdka jh tkx:drk dha de gS] b.k [kkrj bt b.k jks ctkj FkksM+kS
d NksVks gSA b.k [kkrj bt Egkjh iksFkh ^vktknh jkS vkanksyu* uS nwth Hkklk eSa
Nki.k okLrS izdkld vsMokUl jk;YVh nso.k uS R;kj gk] iNS jktLFkkauh eSa Egkjh
ftn lwa ?k.kh nksjh NkihA b.k eqtc uok ys[kdka uS ctkj eSa vko.k okLrS ?k.kk
dki dj.kk iM+SA gkykafd jktLFkkauh eSa uok d.kwdSokau ys[kdka jh deh uh gSA
b.k lk: EgkjkS ekau.kkS gS d jktLFkkauh Hkklk lkfgR; vj laLd`fr vdkneh uS nwtk
[kjpk de dj uS uok ys[kdka uS izdkflr dj.k jkS ctV c/kko.kkS pkbtS!
loky&vkt jk jktLFkkauh ys[k.k eSa ft.k rknkn esa uok fy[kkjk vko.kk
pkbtS mrjk uh vk; fj;k gSA vk vc[kkbZ fiz.V fefM;k jh gS ;k izdkldka jh gS
;k ys[kdka jh [kqn jh gS\
tokc&b;wa gS lk d fiz.V fefM;k jh vj izdkldka jh vc[kkbZ rkS iSyk
bZ gh vj ok rkS vkijh BkSM+ gS bt i.k gekj jh [kkl vc[kkbZ rkS ?k.kh xsgjkbZ lwa
v/;;u jh gS] fcuk xsgjkbZ lwa v/;;u jS JsLB jpuk lkeh uh vk; ldSA iNS vk
bZ ckr gS d ?k.kk uktksxk fuck fy[kkjk [kqn jh MkaV iVkbZ frdM+e vj /kkasl
lwa izdkl.k jkS tqxkM+ dj ysoSA vj ?k.kk d.kwdSokau fy[kkjka jh jpukoka ikuM+ka eSa
iM+h lM+!S
loky&Hkklk jS lc[kS lEizsl.k lk: vki dBk rd NwV nso.k uS rS;kj
gkS\
tokc&Egkjh eulk eSa lEizsl.k lc[kks jk[k.k lk: ew Hkklk jk bt
lCn uS dkae yhjht.kk pkbtSA i.k ?k.kdjk lCn vSM+k vk; tkoS ftdk Hkklk jS
pfj= lwa ckjS jk gksoS m.kk uS vaxstrka ftn /kkj.kh rkS csdkj gSA i.k [kqn jh
fuckbZ lwa rkS nwth Hkklkoka jk lCnka uS vM+ko.kkS rkS uktksxkbZ gSA
loky&vkt jh jktLFkkauh nks; xrka jh xSy pky jh gS&vsd rkS twuh xr
xhrka nksgka xYy] vj nwth&uoh vVax fuca/k dgkf.k;ka vj vdfork jS lhaxSA
vki [kqn uS fd.k xr jS usM+k ekauk vki fd.k fopkj/kkjk jk i[kw gkS\
tokc&EgkjkS eu rkS vSM+kS lkfgR; fy[k.k jkS gksoS] ft.keSa eqn~nkS rkS uokS
gksoS i.k i<f.k;S uS lkfgR; jkS lokn vko.kkS pkbtSA vke vkneh jh thok tw.k]
m.kjkS lq[k&nq[k] m.kjS gj[k vj jat lwa tqfM+;ksM+h ckrka dfl;ksM+h Hkklk eSa
fy[khtS ft.keSa vBkjh ekVh jh lksjHk vko.kh pkbtS D;wa d EgSa feu[koknh
fopkj/kkjk jS i[kS jkS ow gwaA
114
dkt;h
loky&jktLFkkauh Nkika vj v[kckjka jS HkfoL; jS ckcr vkijh dabZ jk;

gS\
tokc&ts dksbZ ?k.kh ykaBkbZ /kkjyS jktLFkkauh eSa v[kckj fudk.k jh] rkS
nSfud v[kckj rkS r; :i lwa py ldS gS] i.k iSykiSy izdkld uS yksHk NksM.kkS
iM+SA iNS esXthuka jkS tBS rkabZ loky gS ^gjko* vj êk.kd* tSM+h esXthuka vk
ckr lkfcr djnh ds jktLFkkauh eSa esfXtuka nksM+rh pky ldS gSA i.k lrZ vk gS d
izdkld uS v.kwrS yksHk lwa cp.kkS iM+SA jktLFkkauh Nkika jS lkadM+S vko.k jkS [kkl
dkj.k izdkld jkS yksHk gSA izdkld jktLFkkauh jS ukae ekFkS ?k.kkS deko.k jS
pDdj eSa iM+ TkkoSA i.k rkS bZ EguS HkjkslkS gS ds jktLFkkauh Nkik bZ xqtjkrh] ejkBh
vj caxkyh jS nkbZ vkijh Bkoh BkSM+ c.kk; ldSyk gekj fganh jk NksVk&eksVk
v[kckj bZ vsd&vk/k ikaukS jktLFkkauh eSa Nki.kkS l: dj fn;kS gSA
loky&Hkkjr jk bfrgkl eSa ?k.kdjh ckrka rksM&+ ejksM+ uS eu ?kM+Ur Hkfj;ksMh+
gSA vki vkijk fuca/kka eSa bZ vkS eqn~nkS mBk;kS gSA bfrgkldkj tgwj[kka dabZ Hkkjr jS
bfrgkl uS ikNkS fy[k.kkS t:jh le>S\
tokc&ckr vk gS dSklth lk ds bfrgkl jh ifjHkklkoka cnrh jSoSA
EgS vkiuS crkowa ds iSyk Hkkjr jkS bfrgkl baXyS.M eSa cSB uS vsd mn~nSL; lwa
fyf[kft;kSA m.keSa moka dke jkS caVokM+kS dfj;kSA izkphu Hkkjr uS fganw&dk]
e/;&Hkkjr uS eqfLye&dk vj vk/kqfud Hkkjr uS fczfV'k&fifj;MA vcS vki
FkksMk+ *S d /;ku nks vk/kqfud dk uS blkbZ dk uh crk; u fczfVl fifj;M crk;
fj;k gS rkS vk ckr v.kwrh gSA iNS iwNka rkS tokc feS d izkphu dk eSa gkykafd
lkld cks/k gk i.k turk fganw gh lks dke turk lwa gS t.kS e/;dk eSa turk
rkS fganw bt gh d rkS tokc feS d vkS lkld jS fglkc lwa gSA t.kS vk/kqfud
dk eSa lkld blkbZ gk t.kS blkbZ dk ukae jk[kkS rkS dsos d vkS lkldka jS nsl
jS fglkc lwa gS] /kje jS fglkc lwa uh gSA rkS vs rhu rjhdk OgSX;k vsd bt bfrgkl
eSaA vk xM+cM+ lc tkxk gS] HkykabZ vk Hkwy lwa OgkS vj HkykabZ tk.kdj u
dfj;ksM+h OgkSA rkS EgSa ekuwa d bfrgkl uoh nhB lwa fy[k.kkS t:jh gSA T;wa ds iSyk
bfrgkl ekFkS /kje jh /kksal gh] iNS ;qka jkS cksyckykS fj;kSA m.k jS iNS laLd`fr]
dyk vj lkfgR; Nk;kSMk+ fj;kA geSa vktdy vkfFkZd nhB ekFkS tkSj nso.kkS Bhd
ekuhtSA rkS bfrgkl fy[k.k fnlk geslka cnrh jsos vj vkt jh t:jr gS
vkilh HkkbZpkjkS] /kkjfed lkeatL;A rkS b.k fglkc lwa bfrgkl ikNkS fy[kht.kkS
pkbtS&EgSa vk ckr Bhd ekauwA
58
tgwj lk*c lwa car
115
loky&tgwj lk*c vki esgjka.kx< ekFkS vsd iksFkh fy[kh gkSA b.k jS
eka;yh ckr ckcr dha [kqyklkS djkokSA
tokc&vly eSa EgaS Mk- egsUnzflagth uxj lkFkS esgjka.kx< ckcr vsd
iksFkh fy[kh gS ft.k eSa esgjka.kx< uS ekjokM+ jh lkaLd`frd /kjksgj jS :i eSa
mtkxj dj.k jk tru djhft;k gSA fdyS jkS LFkkiF;] b.k ekFkS gq;ksM+k geyk]
[kkl [kkl txkoka] Egsy&LFkkiR;] fp=lkk vj laxzgky; jkS [kjhdkS c[kka.k
b.keSa djhft;kS gSA
loky&tks/kiqj jh vi.kk;r vBkjh lkaLd`frd [kkfl;r gS&vkijk dabZ
fopkj gS\
tokc&tks/kiqj [kkfl;rka lwa Hkfj;kS gSA isj.kkS] vks<.kkS] the.kkS] vBkjk
eku[kh fjLrk] vi.kk;r dyk lkfgR; vkijh [kkl vkaV jk[kS] tw.k jS gj [ksrj eSa
ejksM+ gS!
loky&vkijS [kkrS eSa iqjLdkjka vj lEekauka jh gsM+ ykxksM+h gSA i.k
vkiuS fdlkS iqjLdkj ysorka vj fdlh iksFkh fy[krka lclwa T;knk vkRe&larksl
gq;kS\
tokc&lkph ckr rkS vk gS ds EgS dksbZ pkSchl vsd iksfFk;ka fy[k pqdkS
gwa vj dksbZ iujS*d iqjLdkj fef;kA dha eksVh laLFkkoka jk gS vj dha NksVh&eksVh
nwth laLFkkoka fn;kA i.k EguS gj ckj pks[kkS ykxS] iqjLdkj NksVks gS ;k eksVkS b.k lwa
dha eryc uh gS i.k EguS b;wa y[kkoS ds ftdkS bZ fy[k j;kS gwa okS yksx ilan djS
vj i<S b.k [kkrj EguS okj okj fy[k.k jh izsj.kk feSA ts vki fcuk iqjLdkj ;k
lEeku jS bZ cqyk; u okg okg dS; nkS] rkS bZ pks[kks ykxS vj eu eSa vkoS d vkSj
fy[kkS vkSj fy[kkSA
loky&vkijh vkxS jh dabZ ;kstukoka gS\
tokc&EgSa djhc pkSchl vsd iksfFk;ka fy[kh gwaA ts fdLer lkFk fn;kS
rkS vkSj fy[k.k jkS bjknkS gS vj pkowa d fuca/k fo/kk] x| fo/kk ?k.kh ?k.kh QwyS]
[kwc ikaxjS rkS ftdh x| okh jktLFkkauh eSa FkksM+h*d deh gS] ok iwjh gks; ldSA
ppp
dksl&fujeka.k % EgSa nsf[k;kS

dksl c.kko.k jkS dkae ?k.kkS vc[kks vj nksjkSA Lkalkj jh twuh vj iq[rh
Hkklkoka eka; lwa twuh ifjikVh jk dksl laLd`r vj jktLFkkauh eSa bt ns[k.k eSa vkoS
gSA nwth Hkklkoka eSa uh rkS cf.k;k vj uh bZ yk/kSA twuk dksl nks; xr jk c.krk gkA
vsd rkS ukae ekk vj nwtkS rjhdkS gkS vusdkFkhZA Ukkae ekk eka; NUnksc
i;kZ;okph lcn fn;k tkork gkA vj vusdkFkhZ eka; vsd lcn jk ?k.kk vjFk]
i.k gksork vusdkFkhZ dksl bZ NUnksc btA vka NUnka uS Hkf.k;k if<;k jV ysork
vj t:jr ekQd ;kn jk[krkA b.k rjS fo|k daBS gkso.k lwa moka jkS dkae pky
tkorksA i.k ts vS dksl daBka uh gksoS rkS dkae uh lt ldSA i.k vk ckr rkS gS d
vS dksl lalkj jk iSyk iSy cf.k;ksMk+ dksl ekfu;k tk ldSA gekj jk fo}kau rkS b;wa
ekauS gS d Vdlkh Hkklk lk: vk vsd iSyh vj t:jh ekax gS d m.k jkS lCn
dksl] O;kdj.k vj m.k jS lkfgR; jkS dM+hcU/k gfrgkl rkS gkso.kkS bt pkbtSA
gkykafd Hkkjr jk lafo/kkau eka; ekauhft;ksM+h vsM+h Hkklkoka gS ftd.k eka; vS rhuw
bZ ckrka uh gS!
vusdkFkhZ vj ukae&ekk vS nksuw Hkkar jk dksl vsd bt Hkklk eka;
fy[khtrk vj jVhtrkA b.k jS iNS /kdyh ih<h eSa nksoM+h Hkklk jk lCn dkslka jkS
tue gq;kS ftdka eka; vsd Hkklk jk lCn dkSbZ nwth Hkklk eka; vjFkkbtrkA vk
jhr vaxzsth Hkklk jk lCn dkslka iSykiSy vaxsth gh ftd.k eqtc twuh fDyLV
Hkklk jk lCnka uS uoh Hkklk eka; vjFkko.k jkS dkae gq;kSA i.k b.k c[kr rd lCnka
jh foxr jkS <kapkS r; uh gkS vj lCnka uS bfrgkl jh nhB lwa fy[k.k jh ifjikVh
ijksVhth ghA i.k lCnka uS vdkjkfn <ax lwa vjFkko.k jkS dkae iSykiSy vaxzsth
eka; 1604 bZ- jk jkcVZ dkmMS ukae jS fo}kau dfj;kS gkS ft.k eSa twuh Hkklk jk
lCnka uS uoh Hkklk lwa vjFkk;k gkA i.k iSykiSy vaxzsth eka; <axks<ax fMDlujh
c.kko.k jkS tl lseqvy tkUlu (1709&84) uS 1755 bZ- lwa fn;kS tkoS gSA b.k
jS iNS dksl fujeka.k jkS dkae eksVh laLFkkoka vj foLofo|ky;ka jk eSdeka jS gkFkka
gkso.k ykxkSA vktdky dEI;wVjka jS ika.k [kkl lkQ~Vos;j lwa vkS dkae ?k.kkS lksjks
59
dksl&fujek.k % EgSa nsf[k;kS
117
gks; x;kSA i.k b.k eka; v.kwrkS [kjPkkS bZ c/kX;kSA vkt tn EgS dksjh ;knxkj
fy[k.k uS dEI;wVj jS lkeh csBkS gwa tn EguS varl lwa vuqHko gks; fj;kS gS d vkt
lwa dksbZ vLlh cjl iSyk tn jktLFkkauh Hkklk jkS dksl thlk gwtwj Mk- lhrkjkae
ykl (1908&1986) iksk;kS gkS m.k c[kr fdrjkS nksjkS gksosyk\ D;wa d 20
#fi;k ebZ.kkS nhB jk ikbZankj lk: ftd.k jS HkjkslS HkkbZ Hkrhtka lesr delwa de
nl ft.kka jS HkkjhxjS jh tqEesnkjh gh b.k dkae eSa gkFk ?kky.kks bZ fcuk ekFkS bZ
ryokj o+ko.k okh ckr ghA i.k ts b.k vc[kS vw>kM+ okS nksjS dkae uS vsd
xjhc ekLVj ikj iVdns rkS dso.kkS iM+Syk d vsd v.k ns[kh v.k lq.kh ckr
gks;xhA i.k bfrgkl eSa ?k.khokj vssM+h OgS tkoSA dksl vkt ?k.kdjh Hkklkoka eSa
yk/kS vj HkS bZ c.k fj;k gksosyk i.k ^jktLFkkauh lcn dksl* jS ekeyS eSa vk
[kkl dj uS fx.kko.k tksx ckr gS d vkS nqfu;k jk eksVk lCn dkslka eSa fx.khtS gS
ftdkS d Hkkjr jh Hkklkoka eSa lclwa eksVkS lCn dksl gSA b.k ckcr fganh foLo
dksl jk lEiknd Mk- Hkxor'kj.k mik/;k; b;wa fyf[k;ks gS d lhrkjkaeth ykl
jks lCn dksl jkktLFkkau jk lkaLd`frd vuqlhyu eSa bfr;kl jh N% [kkl ?kVukoka
eka; lwa vsd egrkm ?kVuk gSA iNS ft.k Hkklk jkS vkS lCn dksl gS ok bfrgkl jS
vkax.kS Hkyka bZ jkrh ekrh lch lkaoBh Hkklk gksoks i.k fo/kku lHkk jS loZlEefr
ladyi vj usrkoka jS okj okj jS FkFkwika jS ckotwn bZ ekurk uh fe jh gSA b.k jS
vykok vsMh+ Hkklk jk iSyk lCn dksl jS lEiknu izdkl.k lk: t:jh pkbtrk
vkfFkZd izlklfud lk/kuka jS fcuk bZ vsd izkbejh ikslk eSa i<kof.k;S ekLVj
ft.k jh [kqn jh xzhLrh /kdko.kkS bZ iwjS thoV jkS dkae gkS m.k [kqn jS vkrec
ifjJe vj [kir lwa ikj yxk; fn;kSA
vsM+S o`gn&jktLFkkauh lcn dksl jh dFkk geS ?k.kh pkoh gks;xhA [kkl
dj u vsd rkS ftdk dksl&dk (ysfDldksxzkQh) eSa :fp jk[kS vj nwtk ftdk
jktLFkkauh eSa :fp jk[kS oS b.k lwa iwjh vks[kka.k jk[kSA i.k b.k vc[kS dkae uS
ikj yxko.k lk: fdlh rduhd dkae fyjhth in~eJh] euhlh] Mk- lhrkjkae
ykl vikj vc[kka;ka jS iNS bZ ukdqN lk/kuka vj xjhch jS Fkdka bZ b.kuS dhadj
iwjkS dfj;kS vS ckrka EgSa futjka ns[kh vj HkksxhA b.k [kkrj Egkjk vsd xq:th
lcn dksl uS EgkjkS eksVks HkkbZ crkork gkA vk ckr lksS vkauk lkp d thlk jkS
yxko lcn dksl lwa eksch csVs lwa cnrkS bt gkSA i.k thlk gwtwj Mk- lhrkjkae
ykl b;aw Qjek;k djrk gk d ^lcn dksl vj Egkjh mej vsde vsd gSA Egka
lk: lekt ;k ijokj jS ctk; lekt vj ijokj lcn :i ?k.kk egrkm gSA*
118
dkt;h
EgkjS b.k eksVs HkkbZ fc[kS eka; tho.kkS lh[kk;kS vj vkijS v[kwV Kku jS [ktkuS eka;
lwa Vse&csVse dabZa u dabZ cXlkorks fj;kSA mej jk fnuka jS vsM+s NsM+s EguS EgkjS
Vkcji.kS jS lkFkS lkFkS lcn dksl jk rjrk p<rk fnu cjkscj ;kn vkoSA D;wa d
?kj eSa cki jS iNS eksVS HkkbZ jh Bkoh BkSM+ lks dksl EgkjS ?kj jh Vsd thlk jkS riA
thlk gwtwj Mk- lhrkjkae ykl b;wa Qjekork gk d lu 1932 bZ- ;kfu lEor
1989 jh vk[kkrht jS fnu eksgjr ns[k u moka dksl jkS dkae iksk;kS gkSA r; :i
lwa vkS vsd lqHk eksgjr bt gkS ft.k jS ika.k vikj vc[kk;ka jS iNS bZ dkae ikj
iM+X;kSA 1932 bZ- jk ekjp eb.kk eSa t;iqj jk pkok fo}kau iqjksfgr gfjukjk;.k th
fo|kHkw"k.k vj thlk gwtwj jS fcpS gq;ksM+h fpBh&i=h b.k lcn dksl uS tue
fn;kSA iqjksfgr th dfojktk eqjkjh nkau th jfpr Mhax dksl ftdkS twuh
ifjikVh jkS vsd ukaeekk dksl gkS thlk gwtwj [kuS ns[k.k okLrs fHktok;ksA b.k
dksl uS ns[k uS thlk ikNkS fy[kok;ks d b.k <ax jk dksl geS dkae jk uh gS D;wa d
b.k eka; fyf[k;ksMh ckrka vizlkafxd gS vj vka dkslka uS dkae yso.k lk: jV.kk
iM+AS
iqjksfgr th uS vk vkykspuk uh lnh vj moka 6&4&32 jS iM+wrj eka;
thlk gwtwj uS QVdkj u fyf[k;ks ^d brjS ukaeh fo}kau jS dkae eka; b;wa nksl
fudk.kks mRre ckr uh gSaA vkykspuk FkksFkh /kqu gSA dg.kks FkksM+kS vj dj.kkS
?k.kksA vki tn dksbZ vsM+kS xzaFk c.kk; crkvkS tn vkykspuk jk gdnkj gksoksykA
vtS nhYyh nwj gSA vki b.k Mksdjs jh vsM+h [kkjh ckr jkS cqjks uh ekau uS b.k uS
thou fl/kkUr c.kkoksyk vsM+h EguS vkl gS!* iqjksfgr th jh vk ckr thlk jS
pqHkxh vj vki rhu pkj eb.kka jh [kir lwa fgnh 'kCn lkxj] vkIVS jh vaxzsth
vj laLd`r jh fMDlufj;ka uS i< i<k; u lko le>hA iNS [kqn jS [kuS moka jk
ukukSlk lknwZyth cksxlk jkS xzaFkka jkS laxzg gkS m.k eka; lwa lwjt izdkl] jkt:id]
ohjek;.k] j?kqukFk:id tSM+k xzaFkka lwa dksbZ 15000*d lCnka jkS NksVks dksl c.kk;
iqjksfgr th uS crk; fn;kSA b.kuS ns[k iqjksfgr th ?k.kk jkth gq;k vj iwjkS gq;ka
izdkflr djko.k jh iDdh ckr djhA iqjksfgr th jh QVdkj okkS vkS dkxn
Egka [kuS vtS vaosj u jkf[k;ksM+kS gSA 1934 bZ- jk thlk gwtwj jh lEikfnr iksFkh
fcM+n fl.kxkj izdkflr gqbZA b.k iksFkh jk fDyLV lcnka jh vjFkkm foxr iksFkh
jk ykjyk ikauka eka; vdkjkkfn <ax lwa nhjhthA Nfi;ksM+s :i eSa thlk jkS lCn
dksl jkS iSykS uewukS gkSA b.k jS iNS 1940 lwa lCnka vj vjFkka jh izkekf.kdrk lk:
mnkj.k bZ nso.kk l: dfj;kA b.k Hkkar 1942 bZ- rd thlk gwtwj dksbZ 45000 lCn
60
119
Hksk dj fn;kA lCnka jS HkSk dj.k jh yxu jS pkyrka 24 vizsy1940 jk fcykM+k

nhoka.k js ikSFkh[kkauS eS iksfFk;ka Qjksrka dksbZ 45 QhV lwa gsVs iM+ dksek eS x;k
ijkA MkDVjka cp.k jh mEehn NksM+ nh i.k moka jS lkFkh yknwjkae th ekjkt jh
ekbZrka jS nkbZ dfj;ksM+h lsok jS ika.k rhusd eb.kk lwa ikNk ixka cky gq;kA ikNkS
lcn dksl jkS dkae iqjksfgr th jS dfj;ksM+S izdklu jS dkWy Hkjksls iksk;kS i.k
dqtksx lwa laor 2002 ekxZ"kh'kZ lq/k bX;kjl ;kfu fnlacj 1945 bZ- jk iqjksfgr
th ljhj NksM fn;ksA vj EgkjS eksVs HkkbZ jkS vsdkvsd ik.kgkj mBX;kSA gksl
120
dkt;h
laHkkf;ka iSyk uSui iM+xhA Tkhlk jh vkl va/kkjS eSa vyksi gksorh y[kkbZA b.k
v.k[k.kS c[kr eSa vkl V.k lwa thlk jkS dksl FksM+k*d fnuka cUn fj;kS ekuyks d
EgkjkS eksVks HkkbZ ekankS iMX;kSA b.k c[kr vsd pks[kh ckr vk gqbZ d thlk gwtwj jk
[kkl lkFkh xksj/kuflgth esM+fr;k tks/kiqj jkt eSa gkse fefuLVj c.kX;kA ekuyks
d lqnkek uS d`L.k jkS lkFk feX;kSA lCn dksl uS uokS ik.kgkj feX;kSA thlk
ekurk gk d ts xksj/kuflag th jkS lkFk uh gksoS rkS dksl jkS izdklu uh gks; ldrkSA
i.k EgSa rkS vk vkaf[k;ka ns[kh d xksj/kuflagth dksjks dksl jk bt uh i.k EgkjS
61
121
ijokj jk lkpk o+w gkA tksx jh ckr rkS vk gS d xksj/kuflagth jk firk jkS ukae
gkFkhflagth gkS vj thlk jk firk jkS uke bZ gkFkhjkaeth gkSA uokS in fe.k jh c/
kkbZ nso.k uS thlk gwtwj xksj/kuflagth lwa fef;k tn moka dksl uS dhadj bZ
izdkflr djko.k jkS [kjkS oknks dfj;ks ft.k uS izka.k iz.k lwa rk mej fuHkk;kSA
jktLFkkau eka; jktiwr&pkj.kka jS vkiljh gsr jk ?k.kkbZ fdLlk lqf.k;k i.k b.k
BkSM+ EgSa Egkjh vkaf[k;ka lwa vsd jkBkSM+ uS vsd pkj.k lk: [kqn jh mej gkserka
nsf[k;kSA b.k c[kr xksj/kuflag th dksl uS izdkflr djko.k jS opu lkFkS 450
#- :fi;k thlk jS gkFk eSa jk[k u dke vkxS pkyw jk[k.k jh lykg nhA lCn dksl
lk: vk iSykiSy jh vkfFkZd enn gh ftdh ?k.kh lqHk lkfcr gqbZA brjks bt uh
xksj/kuflagth dksl izdklu lk: t:jh cUnkscLr [kkrj lykg&lwr okLrS thlk
uS nks; rhu eba.kk [kqn jS uSM+k jk[k.k uS tks/kiqj LVsV xsLV gkml eSa cqyk; u jso.k
jh O;oLFkk djnhA thlk gqtwj b.k eqtc tks/kiqj LVsV xsLV gkml eSa vk; jso.k
ykxkA vk ckr bZldS jS dkj.k eFkkf.k;k LDwy jk gsMekV~lkc uS lnh uhA m.k
c[kr nsl uS vktknh fe.k jh ckrka jS lkFkS lkFkS Lora=rk lsukafu;ka jh gwal bZ iwjh
tksj ekFkS gh vj thlk gwtwj jk dsljhflagth ckjB] t;ukjk;.kth O;kl tSMk+
Lora=rk lsukfu;ka lwa es feki jh ckrka ?k.kh pkoh gh vBk rd d ckjBth
tnsbZ tks/kiqj gksork t.ks vka.ks Vka.ks EgkajS ?kjS bt jsgokl djrk gkA bZlds jS ika.k
gsMekV~lkc b.k ckrka jS fel thlk jh fldk;rka djrk jsork i.k xksj/kuflagth
vj izlklu eSa thlk jk nwtk csfy;ka jS ika.k vka fldk;rka ekFkS dha dkjokgh uh
gqbZA i.k dqtksx lwa b.k c[kr xksj/kuflagth izfrlk; csekjh lwa f>yX;k ft.k
dkj.k lwa mokajk osn pk.kksn xaqjkalk mokauS Bhd uh gksoS ftrjS vsd va/kkjs dejs eSa
jk[k u fd.k lwa bZ fe.k uS ikcUn dj fn;kA b.k eksdS eFkkf.k;k jk gsMekV~lkc
jh pyxh vj izlklu eSa jkepUnzth dYyk tSM+k nwtk lkfFk;ka jh ?k.kh enn jS
ckotwn bZ m.k c[kr jk fMIVh Mk;jSDVj ftdk gsMekV~lkc jh tkr jk gk thlk
gwtwj uS cj[kkLr dj fn;kA vk ckr thlk jk lkfFk;ka uS ?k.kh cstk ykxh vj laxh
lkFkh enn uS gwal lwa vkxs vk;kA thlk jS Ldwy c[kr jk lkFkh jkepanzth lsox
vj dUgS;k ykyth jS diM+s jkS /ka/kks gkS moka thlk uS ?k.kkS /khtkS ca/kk; [kqn jh
nqdkauk 100 #- eb.ks jh ixkj nso.k jh r; dj uS lEHkk; nhA dksbZ rhu dk pkj
ebZ.kk thlk b.k diM+s jS /ka/kS eSa /kdk;k ftrjS xksj/kuflagth lktk gks;X;k vj
vktknh fexhA Tk.kS xksj/kuflag th jh [kir lwa thlk ikNk cgky gq;kA m.k
c[kr ekLVjh jh ru[kk chlsd :fi;k ferh gh vj nqdku lwa fcuk tks[ke jS
100 #- ebZ.kks ik; fj;k gk lks lkfFk;ka uksdjh uh dj.k jh lykg nh i.k thlk
122
dkt;h
gwtwj jkS ekau.kks gks d cksikj jkS dkae moka jS eu lokorkS uh gkS vj iNS moka uS rkS
gj gky eSa lCn dksl iwjkS dj.kkS bt gkSA b.k lk: thlk ikNh chl :fi;ka jh
ekLVjh idM+hA uksdjh tksbu dj u thlk gwtwj ikNk xksj/kuflag th lwa fef;k
vj ikNh dksl ckcr ckr djh t.kS xksj/kuflagth [kjkbZ lwa dgh d dksl t:j
iwjkS gksosyk vj HkS [kqn [kuk lwa 500 #- fn;kA b.k Hkkar vkl fujkl jh yqd
ehp.kh jerkS dksl ;kfu EgkjkS eksVks HkkbZ xksMkf;S gky.k jh gkyrka rd iwxkSA
b.k c[kr rd fLyika eka; fyf[k;ksM+k lCnka uS v{kj e vj iNS
vdkjkfn e lwa teko.k jh rduhd thlk lko Qk;nh ghA fLyika cf.k;ka
iSyk ?k.kdjk lCnka uS mck jftLVjka eSa csrjrhc fy[k.k jh ckr bZ EgkjS lqf.k;ksM+h
gSA vs lCn dk rkS dksbZ [kkl iksFkh eka; lwa >Vk>V mrkjhtrk vj dk dksbZ [kkl
/ka/kS] eksd]S ekSlj] [ksy&dwn] xS.kk&diM+ka ckcr gksorkA vka lCnka uS dksbZ fy[kkjS
lkFkS ;k thlk gwtwj [kqn tk; uS iwNrkN lwa mrkj uS ykorkA vsM+kS vsd jftLVj
EgkjS [kuS vtS vaosj u jkf[k;ksMk+ S gSA b.k jftLVj jkS ukae EgSa ?k.kh okj lqf.k;ks gkSA
b.k jkS ukae b.k eka; lCn fy[k.k okS psuflag jS ukae ykjS psuflag jftLVj
jkf[k;ksM+kS gSA b.k ekFkS rkjh[k ykxksM+h gS 12&4&49A b;wa bZ thlk gwtwj jkS lCnka
uS HkSk dj.k jkS rjhdkS v.kwrkS fujkkS gkSA ?k.kh okj rkS lCnka ckcr moka jh
iwNrkN dksxr jkS dkj.k c.k tkorhA oS dh.kh xh ;k ekjx o+Sorh dksbZ yqxkbZ uS
jksd u m.k jS isfj;ksM+k xS.kka diM+ka ckcr iwN.k ykx tkorkA dksbZ lksukj] nthZ]
lqFkkj] yokj ;k dksbZ dkjhxj lwa m.k jS vkstkj jkN ;k dke ckcr lCnka jh foxr
yso.k ykx tkorkA ?k.kdjk feu[k thlk gwtwj jS b.k <ax ekFkS dksxr bZ djrk i.k
thlk rkS vkijS dkae eSa iwjk jfe;ksM+k iksapokau tksxh jh nkbZ yksdka jh galh dksxr
jh dha fxukj uh djrkA b.k jS iNS bZ lCnka jh Fkkx eSa tk;&O;qRifr] vjFk vj
eje ckcr thlk gwtwj fo}kauk] xq.khtuka vj lkfgR;dkjka lwa cjkscj rykg&elojk
djrk jsork gkA [kkl dj uS l:vkr eSa dchjiaFkh lk/kq eksrhlj iUukjkaeth lwa
ftdk d laLd`r] Mhax NanlkL=] vk/;kRe jk fo}ku gk vj Mhax jk ?k.kdjk
xhr&Nanka jS lkFkS larka jh okaf.k;ka xw<kFkZ lesr moka uS daBLFk ghA b.k dkae lk:
ft.k BkSM+ fj;k mBS bZ iUukjkaeth uS pkseklk djko.k jS fel rSMk+ orkA iUukjkae th
jk pkseklk [kklk ewa?kk iM+rk i.k T;wa R;wa bZ nwtk feu[kka jS lkaxS eSa ikj yxkorkA T;wa
eFkkaf.k;k eSa Hksjth vejkor vj ykyth ckjB b.k dkae lk: enn djrk gkA
iUukjaketh thlk jk Vkcji.kS jk xq: gk ftdka thlk uS Ldwy eka; Hkjrh djk;
i<ko.k jh lykg moka jk ukuhth uS nh ghA lCnka jh [kkst [kcj lk: thlk uS
?k.khokj xkaerjk bZ dj.kk ifM+;k vBkrd d lxqu lkL= jk tka.kdkj tSlyesj jk
62
123
r.kqjko [kuS bZ b.k fnuka tk; lqxuka jk lCnka jh tka.kdkjh yhA b.k bt <ax lwa
lqFkkjka jk /ka/kS jk lCnka jh tka.kdkjh ekM+oS xke jk yknwth lqFkkj jh [kkrjksM+ tk;
ysork rkS gkfFk;ka ckcr lCnka jh foxr gkFkhjkae jS vksMS jsof.k;S egkor egen lwa
ekaxrkA Lkksukjka jk lCnka lk: ijHkwth lksukj lwa ferk rkS rkaxs jk lCnka [kkrj xuh
rkaxsokS lwa iwNrkN djrkA T;ksfrl jk lCnka [kkrj jkt T;ksfrlh lwjtjkt th
tks'kh lwa fe.k uS iapsfV;k Mwaxjh p<rkA dksl uS R;kj dj.k jh b.k dksfllka jS
ilokM+S izdkflr djko.k jh tqxr lk: thlk gwtwj ftrjk lkfFk;ka lwa fpBh&i=h
djh gh moka eka; lwa vsd gk mnSjkt th tA mnSjkt th uS thlk gwtwj dksl jh
vc[kkbZ ckcr 16&4&51 jk ?k.kS luekau vj yqrkbZ lwa dkxn fyf[k;kSA mnSjkt
th jk cMsjka lwa m.k c[kr jk vehj iksdj.k Bkdj lwa laijd gk ft.k jS ika.k moka
dksbZ 1951&52 bZ- jS nkSjku dqy fek; u 2425 #- jh enn lCnka jk jftLVj vj
fLyika c.kko.k lk: fnjk;kA b.k enn jS ika.k iksdj.k Bkdj jh ejth eqtc
v.kwrh [kir dj uS thlk vDcj 1952 rd vsd yk[k rsjg gtkj lCnka jS
vsd NksVS dksl jkS [kkdkS c.kk; fy;kS gkSA b.k jS iNS iksdj.k Bkdj gkFk [kSap
fy;kSA i.k b.k c[kr ?k.kS vnc lwa mnSjktth lwa dfj;ksM+h fpBh&i=h /kdS tk;
u thlk uS ?k.kk QksM+k ?kkfy;k] ?k.kkS nq[k fn;kSA iNS 1952 bZ- eSa xksj/kuflagth jh
[kir lwa dksl [kkrj fuckt Bkdj bZ 2100 #- jh enn djh gh i.k fuckt Bkdj
[kqn jh ?k: gkyrka jS dkj.k /kdS dha uh dj lfd;kA vxLr 1952 bZ- eSa Ldwy
vkQ vksfj;s.Vy vhdu LVMht ;wfuojflVh vkQ yUnu jk izksQslj MkMCY;w-,l- ,yu jktLFkkauh Hkklk jh [kkfl;rka ckcr Hk.k.k xq.k.k uS tks/kiqj
vk;k t.kS oS b.k ckcr mnSjkt th vj thlk gwtwj lwa bZ fef;kA ?k.kdjk thlk
vj mnSjkt th lkFkS lkFkS bt ferk gk ft.k lwa moka uS vsM+kS Hkje gq;kS d dksl
jkS dkae nksuw bZ lkFkS lkFkS dj fj;k gSA i.k ,yu lkc dksl jh R;kjh ns[k u jkth
gq;k vj thlk gwtwj uS iSyk jktLFkkauh jh O;kdj.k fy[k.k jh lkaoBh jk; nhohA
b.k ckr ekFkS fxukj dj thlk gwtwj 1953 bZ- jk jktLFkkauh O;kdj.k ?k.kh
lkopsrh lwa fy[khA O;kdj.k lk: jktLFkkauh jh lSax cksfy;ka eSa bZ'ojpan
fo|klkxj jh vsd dgk.kh jkS mFkykS djkbft;kSA ft.k lwa gjvsd cksyh jh :.k
le>kbZ tk ldSA b.k mFkys jh Vkbi dkfi;ka Egka [kuS vtS vaosj jkf[k;ksM+h gSA
vk O;kdj.k 1954 flracj eSa izdkflr gqbZA b.k O;kdj.k jh lquhrhdqekj pVqtkZ]
lkseukFk xqIrk] fuR;kuan 'kkL=h] fo'oS'oj ukFk jsm] Mk- eFkqjkyky 'kekZ tSM+k
fo}kuka vj foe mTtSu] lEesyu if=dk iz;kx tSM+k v[kckjka ?k.kh okg okg
djhA b.k lkjh ckrka jS iNS bZ lCn dksl izdkflr dj.kkS lt uh vk; fj;kS gkSA rkS
124
dkt;h
bZ vk ckr lkph d EgkjS eksVs HkkbZ jkS cki.kkS iwjks gqvkS] EgSa bZ b.k c[kr rd dha
gksl laHkk fy;ks gkS] i.k vtS dksl ixScky uh gq;kSA
b.k fnuka chdkusj jh vsd laLFkk 'kknZwy jktLFkkauh jhlpZ bfULV~;wV dksl
izdkflr djko.k jkS erkS fd;kSA laLFkk [kuS vBh&mBh ma dha lCn bZ Hksk
dfj;ksM+k gkA b.k laLFkk jk eksVsjk vxjpanth ukgVk thlk lwa laijd dfj;kSA oS
vsMk+ S dksy dfj;kS d gkykafd vkS dkae ?k.kkS vc[kkS vj eksVkS gS iwjkS gkso.k eSa ?k.kkSS
c[kr ykx ldS i.k tS 35000 lCn thlk Hkst lfd;k rkS lEiknd eaM c.kk;
u m.k eka; thlk jkS ukae t:j fn;kS tkoSykA b;wa v.kwrh gqfl;kjh lwa fn;ksM+S >kalS
lwa thlk gtwj ikNkS lCn dksl uS ixScky dj.k jh gkMrksM+ [kir eSa ykxX;kA
b.kuS >kalkS b.k okLrS dso.kkS iM+S d ykjma tk; u Bkg iM+h d laLFkk thlk gwtwj
jh ekyh gkyr ns[k u ukdqN pkanh jk VqdM+ka jkS yksHk ns; u fiaM NksMko.k jh /kkjh
ghA laLFkk thlk jh 20&25 cjlka jh lk/kuk uS udkjrh y[kkbZA EguSa lko ;kn
gS 1953&54 bZ- jh ckrka tn vsd NksVs ydM+h jS cktksV jS /kdS VkV jh cksjh
fcNk; u /kjrh ekFkS cSBk thlk gwtwj iwjh gwal vj rUe;rk lwa ykyVsu jS pkau.kS eSa
lokj jk Mks< cft;ka lwa EgkjS eksVs HkkbZ dksl jh ljcjk eSa ykxrk tqdkS Ldwy
tko.k lwa dksbZ vk/kks d ?kaVks iSyk mBrk vj Ldwy Vseks Vse iwx tkorkA i.k Ldwy
lwa ikNk vk; jkr jk uo vsd cft;ka rd dksl lk: [ki.kkS vj gj nwts dk rhts
fnu xkerjk crkbZ eSa dj.kk dqy fek; u cnekj [ksrh lwa dha de uh gkSA b.k
fnuka EguS bZ jkr jk m.k twuS ikV ekFkS lwrk lwrk bfrgkl vj iqjka.kk jh dgkfu;ka
lq.kkbZ gh ftdks thlk jS ukukth jkS gkS vj EgkajS ?kjS 150 cjlka lwa vkt bZ ifM+;kS
gSA m.k fnuka jk fprjkae Egkjh vkaf[k;ka vkxs vtS flfuek jh jhy T;wa ?kweS gS tn
32 isth dsihVy Nki dkafi;ka eSa fc.kt jh cbZ jS nkbZ vkMk rhu l ?kkyht u
vsd ikauS ekFkS rhu lCn fy[khtrk ftdka lkFkS vjFk] lCn jh O;kdj.k] mnkgj.k
vj m.k xzaFk jS ikauS jkS gokyks gksorkS ft.k eka; lwa lCn yhjhft;kS gSA b.k dkae isVs
'kknwZy jktLFkkauh jhlpZ bULVhV~;wV 30 #- gtkj lCn nhB jS fglkc lwa dqy 2100
#- fn;k gk ftdk thlk Ldwy Qhl lk: xjhc fo|kfFkZ;ka uS lCnka uS dkfi;ka eSa
fy[k.k jh esgur :i ns; fn;kA dkae uS ikj yxko.k lk: thlk cnjhizlkn
lkdfj;k th uS bZ laLFkk jh enn eSa Hksft;k gkA i.k dqy 65000 lCn Hksft;ka iNS
laLFkk eqdjxhA thlk gwtwj lkFkS vkS iSyks eksVks /kks[kks gkSA b.k jS lkFkS vsd fc[kkS
HkS vk;kSA thlk jS b.k ri eSa eksVh Hkkxhnkj Egkjh CkM+h cgu lTtu ckbZ C;kao jS
rhu ebZ.kka iNS eSUVstkbfll jh ihM+ lwa ljhj NksM fn;kSA csVh jS fc[kS lwa Egkjh eka
63
125
bZ vkikS NksM fn;kS vj csekjh eSa f>yxhA thlk jh b.k ykMslj thlk jh ?k.kh
lsok djh ghA b.k v.k[k.kh gkyr eSa 1941 bZ- lwa 1954 bZ- rd 14 cjl iNS
eFkkf.k;kS xkae NksM.k jkS fopkj gq;kSA vj b.k jh O;oLFkk bZ Nrktksx gks;xhA m.k
c[kr jk Ldwy baLisDVj jh csVh uS vkijh ih&,p-Mh- jh i<kb eSa xkbMsUl lk:
nwts rhts fnu thlk gwtwj [kuS eFkkaf.k;s vko.kks iM+rkS gkS lks Ldwy bULisDVj
thlk jh cnh tks/kiqj dj.k jh /kkjhA b.k fcpS vizsy 1955 jk iSyk jkLVifr
ekuhrk jktsUnzizlknth jkS tks/kiqj nkSjkS gq;kS ft.k dkj.k m.k c[kr jk dkyst jk
fgUnh jk v/;{k lkseukFk th xqIrk jh jk; lwa ?k.kk dke thlk jS gLrS gkso.kk r;
jk[khft;kA rkS b.k <ax lwa ?k.kS BjdS lwa thlk gwtwj jh cnh tks/kiqj gw;xhA i.k
b.k BjdS bZ vkxS tk; dbZ rdyhQka nh!
EgSa tks/kiqj vk; xqykc lkxj jh usgj ekFkS fcuk fctyh ika.kh jkS vsd
twukS edku 15 #- eb.kS jS HkkM+S ekFkS fy;kSA b.k edku eSa fpjeV jkS vkax.kks uh gkS
i.k pkika chfM+;ksM+h ghA b.k edkau eka; EgaS dksbZ Mks< vsd cjl fj;k gkaokayk
i.k vBkjS yk[k fLyika eka; fyf[k;ksM+k vsd yk[k rhl gtkj lCnka jkS /k.kh EgkjS
eksVS HkkbZ lCn dksl jS Mhy&Mksy vj NikbZ jk mdsj.kk vBs bt ekaMhft;kA b.k
jS lkFkS 'kks/k laLFkkau jS rhekgh NkiS ijaijk jk vad bZ vBS R;kj djhtrk EgSa
nsf[k;kA lCn dksl lwa vBS uok yksx tqM+rk EgSa nsf[k;kA mn;jkt th t bZ
vBS vkork EgSa nsf[k;kA mnSjkt th EgjS xUuS lwa eksVk eklkslk ykxrk gkA mnSjkt
th EguS jktLFkkauh eSa iapra= jh ckrka i|e; lq.kkorkA dkseyth vkork] fcTth
vkork vj ukjk;.kflagth HkkVh vkijh ijEijk jh R;kjh [kkrj vkork gkA EgSa
ukjk;.kflagth uS dkdkslk dsorkSA dkj.k d mokajk vsd nknhlk EgkjS nknkslk jS
[kkSS fy;ksM+k gkA b.k lk: thlk gwtwj bZ moka lwa [kkl gsr jk[krkA ijEijk jk
vad lkxS bt cktksV jS /kdS fcNk;ksM+h VkV jh cksjh ekFkS cSB uS nksuw bZ jkr rkabZ
R;kj dj.k eSa ykxksMk+ jsorkA iNS ukjk;.kflagth jh ih&,p-Mh- [kkrj dksbZ xkbM
gkso.k uS R;kj uh gkS t.kS thlk gwtwj [kqn lwa [kkl gsr jk[kf.k;k izksQslj
dUgS;kykyth lgy uS flQkfjl jh fpBh fy[k uS xkbM c.kk;kA ukjk;.kflagth
EguS xksik gksVy lwa yk; xqykc tkequ [kokM+rk vj vsd [kM+[kfM+;k eksVj
lkbdy ekFkS fgaMk bZ [kokM+rkA fcTth] dkseyth vj ve`r ukgVk thlk [kuS
O;kdj.k lh[k.k uS vk;k djrk gkA lka> jk thlk gwtwj lCn dksl jh fpark ys;
dkWQh gkml iwxrk] EgSa bZ vkaxh >sy u lkFkS tkorkSA gkykafd [kqn pk;&dkWQh
dha uh ihork i.k ikau jh ihd] pk;&dkQh jh pqfLd;ka vj chM+h flxjsV jS /
kqavs lkFkS vBS jktLFkkauh lkfgR;dkjka jkS eskS jkst ykxrkS ft.k eSa jSaorth jh
126
dkt;h
psr&ekau[kk] fcTth&dkseyth jh izsj.kk] vpyflagth HkkVh jkS {kf=; xkSjo]

ukjk;.kflagth jh es?knwr] lka> lwa ijEijk jh R;kjh gksorh iNS lkjk fe uS lCn
dksl jh pjpk djrkA EgkjS m.k HkkM+S jS twuS ?kj eSa nwtk vkof.k;ka eSa [kkl gk
duZy ';keflagth jksMyk BkdjA ';keflagth [kkl dj u lCndksl uS Nki.k jS
cUnkscLr jkS BkokS [kkdks Bko.k jh ckrka djrk gkA duZy lkc jh :fp dksl vj
thlk gwtwj eSa txko.k jkS dkae xksj/kuflagth dfj;ks gkS tn oS tkyksj dysDVj
gkA b.k :rcS vj dn jk feu[k vk; thlk jS lkeh cktksV jS vkxS VkV jh cksjh
mij /kjrh ekFkS bt cSB u lyk&lwr fd;k djrk gkA rkS lkfgr izseh duZy Bkdj
';keflagth jksMyk lCnka jh fLyika c.kk;ksM+h ns[kh] thlk gwtwj jh gwal ns[kh]
ifjJe [kir jh ckuxh ns[kh vj iNS xksj/kuflagth vj ';keflagth lykg&lwr
dj u r; jkf[k;kS d 50 #- eb.kks nhB nks; cjl rd duZy lkgc nsosyk ft.k
lwa fLyika uS jftLVjka eka; ntZ dj.k jkS dkae iwjkS fd;ks tk ldSA iNS jftLVjka
eka; fyf[k;ksMS+ dksl uS crk; uS ljdkjh enn jk mdjkl fd;k tkoSA b.k c[kr
Egkjh mej gh dksbZ lkr ;k vkB cjlA EguS ;kn gS d vS ckrka r; gqbZ ftrjs EgSa
rhth Dykl lwa ikapeha rd iwxX;ks gkSA b.k c[kr ';keflagth vkijS opu eqtc
200 #- [kqn jS vnZyh iwj.kflgath jktkor lkFkS Hksft;kA vj [kqn jS caxS jS [kuS
fjlkyk jksM ekFkS cnuflagth HkkVh jS edku jkS mijykS [kaM 35 #- eb.kS jS HkkM+S
ekFkS ys; dksl lesr EgkajS ijokj uS vkijS ikM+ksl eSa ys;X;kA thlk jh iksfLVax
eka;yk ckx gkbZ Ldwy eSa gh vj EgS eka;yk ckx izkbejh eSa i<rks gkSA vkS uoks
edku EgkjS fglkc lwa eksVks ij?kkS gkS] b.keSa fctyh ika.kh jkS lqHkhrks bZ gkSA EguS
y[kk;kS d thlk gwtwj ?k.kk eksVk vkneh gks; pqdk gSA vkS rkS Egk tSM+S Vkcj jkS
fopkj gkS ckdh rkS thlk jh thlk bt tka.krkA djS ft.k jkS lksp vj nw[kS ft.k
jS ihM+A
[kSj 1957&58 bZ- jh vS ckrka gS tn dsihVy Nki dkWfi;ka eSa fyf[k;ksM+k
lCnka jh fLyika QkM+ uS v{kj e vj iNS vdkjkfn e lwa teko.k jh tqxr
djhthA dqy vBkjS yk[k fLyika gh ftdka eka; lCnka jh fx.krh jkS vankt dksbZ
vsd yk[k rhl gtkj gkS i.k /kdS tkorka nks; yk[k lwa dha mij uhpS iwxxhA
v{kj e vj vdkjkfn e lwa teko.k [kkrj [kklkS fopkj djhft;kSA T;wa&
1- vsd eksVh [kysph c.kk; u m.keSa U;kjk U;kjk v{kjka jk [kkuk c.kk;
fn;k tkoS iNS vsd vkneh fLyika uS ?kwerks&?kwerks v{kj jS ijoka.k [kkuka eSa Ugka[k
nso!s
64
127
2- [kysph jS ctk; U;kjk&U;kjk v{kjka jh eVfd;ka jk[k nh tkoS vj

vsd vkneh fLyika uS i<rka i<rka eVfd;ka eSa Ugk[k nsos!
3- U;kjk&U;kjk v{kjka jk Vhu jk ihik [kjhn fy;k tkoS vj v{kj e lwa
ihik eSa fLyika Ugka[k nh tkoSA
diM+S jh [kysph lwa vkneh csBkS&csBkS dkae uh dj ldS vj eVdh jS
QwV.k jkS Mj gkS lks r; gq;kS d ihik [kjhn fy;k tkoSA rkS v] vk] b] bZ] m] ]
,] ,s] vks] vkS] d] [k] x] ?k] p] N] t] >] V] B] M] <] r] Fk] n] /k] u] i] Q]
c] Hk] e] ;] j] y] o] l] g vka rSrhl vk[kjka lk: 64 ihik [kjhnhft;k vj
lkFkS dSaph vj rSxA iSyk fLyika uS QkM+ uS v{kj e lwa ihika eSa Ugka[khth iNS
mokauS vdkjkfn e lwa tehu ekFkS tek; u rsx eSa iksbthA Rksx eSa iks;ksM+h fLyika
uS jftLVjka eSa fy[k.k lk: jftLVjka jkS dkxt duZy lkgc [kqb 115 #- jhe
nhB eksyk; u yk;kA b.k esiyhFkks Nki dkxnka ekFkS :yhax lk: vkMh ydhjka
ekFkS mck [kk.kk c.kkbft;kA vka mck [kkauka jh tqxr iSyk b.k eqtc jk[khth gh
1- lCn la[;k] 2- lCn] 3- O;kdj.k] 4- O;qRifr] 5- jktLFkkauh vjFk] 6- fgUnh
vjFk] 7- lanHkZ xzaFk vj mnkgj.kA b.k Hkkar jftLVjka jS vkMk ikauk ekFkS mck lkr
[kkuk c.kkbft;kA ikapoksa vj NBkS [kkuksa vjFkka jkS gkS i.k ikapoksa jktLFkkauh
vjFkka jkS gkS ftdkS ykjs lwa gVk; fn;kS x;kSA vjFk fgUnh eSa nso.kk t:jh gk ft.k
lwa ljdkjh lgk;rk yh tk ldS vj dksl jkS vkdkj v.kwrkS fodjk uh gksoS b.k
lk: jktLFkkauh vjFk jkS [kkaukS gVk;kS x;kSA lCnka uS b.k <ax lwa jftLVjka eSa fy[k.k
jkS dkae dksbZ vsd cjl rd pkfy;kSA i.k dkae iwjkS gq;ka iSyk bt lkfgR; txr
eSa [kklh gx okijxhA b.k c[kr jk pkok v[kckj VkbEl vkQ bf.M;k vj
jktLFkkau if=dk eka; 24 ebZ 1958 jk vad eka; ^jktLFkkauh dk 'kCn dks"k rS;kj
130000] 'kCn gksaxs* jS lhjld gsVs eksVh [kcj NkihthA b.k jS iNS jktLFkkauh
lkfgR; lHkk ukae jh laLFkk 23 uoEcj 1958 jk vsd izsl dkUsal cqykbZ ft.k eSa
i=dkjka uS jftLVjka jS >jks[kS lwa lCn dksl jh >kadh ns[kkbthA b.k jktLFkkauh
lkfgR; lHkk jk djrk /kjrk gk thlk jk [kkl lkfgfR;d lkFkh dksey dksBkjh vj
fot;nkau nsFkkA b.k Hkkar v[kckjka eka; lCn dksl jh /kwe epxhA thlk gwtwj
[kuS ?k.kh ?k.kh c/kk;ka vk;h vj ?k.kk fo}ku EgkjS ?kjS dksl jkS voyksdu dj.k uS
vko.k ykxkA EguS lko ;kn gS d jk.kh th y{ehdqekjh pwaMkor ?k.kk jkth gks;
vkijh dwaojh lesr EgkjS ?kjs i/kkfj;k gkA iNS mnSiqj jk eksrhykyth esukfj;k bZ
vk;k gk moka thlk uS jktLFkkauh Hkklk ckcr [kklk loky chtk bZ iwfN;k gkA
128
dkt;h
EgkjkS eksVks HkkbZ geS FkM+h dj.k ykxkSA duZy lkc vkijkS opu iwjkS dfj;kS rkS bZ
vtS gkFk uh f[kafp;kSA geS vka jftLVjka lwa izsl dkih c.kko.k jh ckr gh i.k b.k
lwa iSyk jftLVjka eSa fyf[k;ksM+k lCnka jh O;qRifr vj ew :ika uS r; dj.k lk:
lCn dksl jkS voyksdu m.k c[kr jk ekuhrk fo}ku thlk jk xq: HkkbZ iafMr
fuR;kuUn 'kkL=h lwa djko.k jh ckr thlk vj duZy lkc r; djhA m.k c[kr
iaMrth mEesn Hkou iqLrd izdkl laHkkrk gkA thlk gwtwj xuh ukae jS fHkLrh jkS
rkaxks r; dfj;ks vj rhu eb.kka rd jkst vsd vsd jftLVj ys; uS mEesn Hkou
tkork gkA EgkjS bZ xjfe;ka jh NqfV;ka gkso.k lwa EgSa bZ HkskS tkorksA iNS ckbZl
eb.kk rd iaMrth EgkajS ?kjS m.k bt rkaxS lwa i/kkjrk fj;kA iaMrth uS EgSa EgkjS
gkFk lwa uhacw jh fldath c.kk; ik;k djrkS gksA ft.k lwa Egka ekFkS ?k.kk jkth gkA
thlk jS rkaxs okkS xuh ru lwa xjhc i.k eu jkS ?k.kkS vehj gkSA vsdj m.k thlk
uS dksl jh ekyh gkyr jkS lksp djrka /khtks ca/kkorks dgh d ekV~lkc vki lksp
NkSM+kS ?k.kh vc[kkbZ gS rkS EgS EgkjkS ?kj csp uS iblk yk; nwa vki dksl jkS dkae can
er djtkSA Xkuh iNS bZ ?k.kk cjlka rd EgkjS ?kjS vkorks fj;kSA [kSj thlk jh gwal
vj duZy ';keflagth jh nkrkjh jS ika.k jftLVjka jkS voyksdu vj izsl dkih
nksuwa bZ dkae lkFkS lkFkS gks; fj;k gkA vsdwds lCn ekFkS thlk vj iaMrth jh ?kaVka
fnuka eb.kka pjpk gksorh EgSa ns[khA lCnka jh O;k[;k vj ew :i jk o+koM+ yso.k
jk dha fl/kkUr thlk vj iaMrth r; dfj;kA b.k ckcr vsd iksFkh o`gn lCn
O;k[;k b.k c[kr fy[kh ftdh vizdkflr gSA dksl ckcr O;kdj.k iNS vk
nwth iksFkh ghA vuqLokj vj panzfcUnq tSM+h ?k.kh vc[kk;ka nsoukxjh eSa lCnka uS
e eSa jk[k.k jh gh ftdka uS lyVko.k lk: lkjk fo}ku euejth djrk vk;k gS
i.k thlk vuqLokj uS lclwa iSyk ns; u b.k jkS mdjkl fudkf;kSA b.k bt Hkkar
jktLFkkauh eSa :i&Hksnka okLrs vsd [kkl ckrA nqfu;k jh Hkklkoka eSa LkaLd`r dM+wacS
uS NksM uS :i&Hksn dBSb uh gSA laLd`r eSa bZ ika.khuh jS O;kdj.k eSa :i&Hksnka jh
dha >yd nhlS i.k fgUnh eSa :i&Hksn uh ftrk gSA rkS jktLFkkauh eSa :i Hksnka jkS
?k.kkS gkso.kks vsd vc[kkbZ ghA T;wa ;qffLBj lCn jk vBkjS :Ik Hksn gSA iNS laKk
lcnka eSa :i&Hksnka jk mi Hksn U;kjk gks; tkoS&vYikFkZ vj egRo okphA vYikFkZ
eSa bZ ykM lwa bZ cksyhtS vj voX;k lwpd bZ cksyhtSA T;wa ?kksM+kS lCn jk egRo
okph gq;kS ?kksM+ vj vYikFkZ gq;kS ?kksfM+;kS ;k ?kksMf+ y;kSA b.k lkjk :iHksnka uS U;kjh
U;kjh tkxk ns; u vjFk fn;k tkork rkS dksl eka; iqujko`fr jS lkFkS vkdkj bZ
fodjk gks; tkorksA b.k lk: lkjk :i&Hksnka jk vjFk ew lCn lkFkS nhjhft;k
gSA b;wa bZ izsl dkih eSa mnkgj.k bZ [kkl [kkl bt fy[khft;kA dgkorka] eqgkojk
65
129
vj mokajk vjFk bZ ew lCn lkFkS vkiks vkijh tkxk fy[khft;kA vsd ckr lCn
jS vjFk vj ew jS [kkst jhA vk [kkst ftrjh jkspd gS mrjh bZ ext [kikmA
thlk gwtwj vsdwds lCn jh [kkst dk<.k uS gkMxk [kir djrk gkA T;wa
jktLFkkauh eSa vsd rkjs jkS ukae gS ckf.k;k dwVkof.k;kSA vkS eqgkojkS fd;S rkjs
lk: dkae yhjhtS b.k jh iwjh [kkst djhthA vUnkt rkS vkS gS d vkS rkjkS
ijHkkfr;S rkjS lwa ?kM+h nks ?kM+h iSyk mxrks gksosyk ft.k lwa oksikjh b.kuS ijHkkfr;kS
tka.k u vk/kh jkr jk obZj gks; tkoS vj ekjx eSa ywVht tkoSA i.k ijHkkfr;S lwa
iSyk T;ksfrfl;ka dgh d yqC/kd mxS gS ft.k jkS jktLFkkauh ukae vkgSM+h gS vj rkjka
jh vks[kka.k eSa e: ekau[kks ?k.kks lkopsrA b.k lSax ckrka uS tka.krka Fkdka ?k.kh
[kkst gqbZA thlk [kqn MkxS p< uS ijHkkr lwa iSyk mxf.k;S vsdqds rkjs vj xzg jk
o+koM+ fy;kA larksl uh gq;kS tn eqebZ oS/klkk uS fyf[k;kSA oS/klkk lwa tokc
vk;ks d vkS rkjks rkS yqC/kd bt gS t.ks tk; u ckf.k;k dwVkof.k;kS jkS vjFk
yqC/kd yh[khft;kSA b;wa bZ vsd vnc jkS eqgkojkS gS [kek&?k.khA b.k jh O;qRifr
fuR;kuUn th laLd`r {kek lwa djh i.k thlk uS uh tphA Tkhlk [kkst uS Bkg
ikfM+;kS d vkS eqxfy;k eqgkojkS [kSj&,&veu T;knk cklqn lwa cf.k;kS gSA i.k
brjh ckr [kkstrka [kkstrka vkS lCn NiX;kS ft.k jkS thlk uS ?k.kkS jat fj;kSA D;wa d
lcnka jh ifjHkklkoka dksl jS yk;d uh gksorh ftrjS thlk gkeh uh Hkjrk] iNS vk
Hkwy dhadj gqbZ\ izwQ [kkl NikbZ ;kfu vfUre izwQ fuofM+;ka iSyk vkB okj
ns[khtrk iNS bZ xrh js;xh rkS EguS ;kn gS [kqn jk ibZlk yxk; uS ikNk Nik;k
vj xr Nfi;ksM+k ckhft;kA iNS dksl jS ekeys eSa thlk jh ;knkLr vikj ghA
fLyika c.kkof.k;k ?k.kh okj lCn jS vkxs lUnHkZ nso.kks Hkwy tkork i.k thlk lCn
i<rka bZ crk; nsork d vkS fd.k iksFkh jS fd;S ikauS jh fdlh vkGh lwa yhjhft;kS
gSA thlk jh vk dwaor dEI;wVj T;wa dke nsorh ft.k uS ns[k u gjdksbZ vpwaHkS lwa
vksrizksr gks; tkorksA
jktLFkkauh ckj[kM+h vj m.kjS mPpkj.kka uS NikbZ esa [kqyklS fy[k.k jh bZ
vsd vc[kkbZ vkbZA T;wa jktLFkkuh esa ] oSfnd laLd`r jS nkbZ gS i.k /k+] o+] l+
tSM+k v?kksl mPpkjhtf.k;k vk[kj gS ftdka uS NikbZ esa dhdj ikj iVd.kkA b.k
ckcr ?k.kh ext [kikbZ gqbZ i.k lsoV m.k c[kr jk eksfV;kj dEiksthVj Hkaojyky
lqFkkj jh lykg lwa vjch Qkjlh nkabZ vk[kjka jS lkFkS uqDrkS yxk; uS mdjkl
fudkhft;;kSA b.k <ax lwa lcnka uS l+ksn.kkS] Hksk dj.kkS] vjFkko.kkS vj iNS
NikbZ rd ?k.kh [kri djhthA
130
dkt;h
iaMrth jftLVjka uS iwjk uh ns[k lfd;k] vsdk/k jftLVj cpX;ks gkS vj

iaMrth ljhj NksM fn;ksA thlk uS ?k.kks jat gq;kSA thlk gwtwj jS jat jk ?k.kk dkj.k
b.k c[kr Hksk gks;X;kA dksl lk: iblS jS cUnkscLr jkS dksbZ iq[rk vMka.k vtS
uh B;kSA Egkjh ekrkth cSu jS pfy;ka iNS cssekjh jh >kV lwa nc u ekapkS >sy
fy;kSA Egkjk vsd csuksbth uksdjh lwa fuyafcr gks; ?kjS csBX;kA b.k bt c[kr
vxLr 58 jk thlk jh cnh eaMh Ldwy gks;xh ftdh ?kj lwa djhc vkB fdyks
ehVj vkarjS gh vj thlk ikk bt i/kkjrk gkA eaMh Ldwy jS gsMekLVj thlk jS
BjdS uS vkijS i[kS eSa dke yso.k lk: [kksfM+yk;ka dj.kh ekaMhA vsd fnu Ldwy
lwa vkorks ekjx osorS aB yxk;nhA dksl jh gktj fgek.kh gfFk;ko.k jk gFkdaMk
vBk lwa gkg gkso.k ykxkA iNS ?kj jh lkjh tqEesnkjh dkdk jS ijokj lesr
thlk jS [kka/kS ghA b.k vlkfUr jS gsVS vk; thlk gwtwj [kqn ekank iM+X;kA EgkjkS
vankt gS d moka uS fny jh csekjh jkS o+Se OgSX;kS gkSA Egkjh mej m.k c[kr gh dksbZ
ckjs*d cjlA i.k thlk gwtwj jh yxu eSa dha Qjd uh nhlh;kSA dksl dk;kZy;
pkschlka ?kaVk [kqyks jsorksA ikVZ Vkbe dkae djf.k;k jkr jk vk; bZ dkae djrkA
thlk gwtwj [kqn jkr jk Mks< cft;ka mB u dkae ekFkS <wdrk tqdkS ikNh lka> jk uo
cft;ka rd [kko.kks iho.kks Ldwy tko.kkS vj cnrkbZ eSa ih&,p-Mh- jk fo|kFkhZ
vkork moka jh ewQr enn lkt.khA ?k.kh okj b;wa ckr djrk gk d EguS ;kn uh gS
d EgSa dnsbZ jkr jk Mks< cft;ka iNS lwrks gwaA vj b.k tkxk EgSa vk ckr lkaijrsd
ns[khA thlk gwtwj jh b.k gkMrksM+ [kir jS ilokM+S xksj/kuflagth vj ';keflagth
moka jh nhB lwa tks/kiqj jh Bkoh jftLVjM laLFkk pkSikluh f'k{kk lfefr jS lkFkS
23&12&1958 bZ- jk jkthukeks djok;kS ft.k lwa ljdkjh enn jk mdjkl fd;k
tk ldSA f'k{kk lfefr gkFkks gkFk 24&12&1958 jk 14 esEcjka jh vsd lfefr
ljdkjh enn jS mdjkl lk: c.kkbZ ft.kesa m.k c[kr jk mif'k{kk ea=h iwuepanth
fo'uksbZ] jkT; lHkk lnL; fot;flagth flfj;kjh] fo/kk;d HkS:flagth [kstM+yk
tSM+k ekrcj HkSk gkA eaMh Ldwy jh vc[kkbZ esV.k uS 10&3&59 jk thlk jkS
MsiwVslu pkSikl.kh Ldwy djk;kSA pkSikl.kh Ldwy f'k{kk lfefr jkS bt fgLlks gS
ft.k lwa Ldwy jS dkae lwa thlk uS NwV fexhA b.k c[kr thlk jh ru[kk gh 80
#- eb.kkS i.k pkSikl.kh Ldwy dha MsiwVslu pktZ bZ nso.k ykxhA Ekka jS bykt
jkS eksVks [kjp thlk jh lEikfnr iksFkh j?kqojtlizdkl jh jk;YVh jS HkjkslS
gkS ftdh d ekpZ 1959 eSa izdkflr gqbZ ghA lsoV vuqnkau lfefr cf.k;ka iNS
xksj/kuflagth jh dksfllka lwa 11&11&59 bZ- jk m.k c[kr jk eq[;ea=h eksguykyth
lq[kkfM+;k tks/kiqj nksjS jh c[kr lCn dksl jkS voyksdu dfj;kS vj nwtS fnu bt
66
131
thlk uS mnSiqj vko.k jkS U;wrks fn;kSA mnSiqj m.k fnu dsUnz jk mif'k{kkea=h gwek;qu
dchj vk;ksM+k gkA 14&11&59 jk eq[;ea=h lq[kkfM+;kth] dsUnzh; ea=h gqek;qu
dchj vj f'k{kk lfefr jh rjQ lwa thlk gwtwj vj jkT; lHkk lnL; fot;flagth
flfj;kbZ vsds lkFkS cSBd dj fu;e jS eqrkfcr vk ckr r; djh d ftdks [kjpks
gksosyk m.k jkS rhtks fgLlks jkT; ljdkj vj rhtkS fgLlks dsUnz ljdkj vj ykjyks
rhtks fgLlks f'k{kk lfefr vkijS [kka/ks jk[ksykA b.k ;kstuk jS eqtc ljdkj uS
vjth nhjhth ft.k eka; duZy lkc jk [kjfp;ksMk+ iblk f'k{kk lferh jS [kkrs
[kjp crkbft;kA b.k <ax lwa 34000 #- jh iSyh ljdkjh enn jkS gqde nhjhft;kS
i.k vk enn 'kknwZy jktLFkkauh 'kks/k laLFkkau vkijS izHkko lwa [kqn jS [kkrs eSa ys;
yhA iNS ykjS lwa ikNh vk ckr lq[kkfM+;k lkc uS tk; crkbZ t.kS oS HkS nks cjlka
jk tksM+ u 34000 #- lCn dksl [kkrj f'k{kk lfefr uS bZ fnjk; fn;kA b.k enn
jS ika.k lCn dksl jh rhl cjl mej fudf;ka iNS ?k.kh vc[kk;ka ikj dj u
iSykS [k.M v lwa ?k rd 28771 lCn vj 830 ikauk lesr ekpZ 1962 bZ- jk
izdkflr gq;kSA b.k iSyS [k.M eSa /kdyk 280 ikauka eka; jktLFkkauh Hkklk dk
foospu ukae lwa izLrkouk gh ft.k eSa jktLFkkauh Hkklk jkS bfrgkl vj O;kdj.k bZ
nhjhth ghA thlk gwtwj jh vkl jS ika[kka ykxxhA iwjS Hkkjr jS lkfgR; lekt eSa
jkthiS jh ySgjka mBxhA Lkeh{klkoka lwa v[kckjka jh lkalk QwyxhA lCn dksl jh
rkjhQ rkS vkijh BkSM+ i.k thlk jh rkjhQka jk iq ca/k.k ykxX;kA EgkajS ?kjS vk;
lCndksl vj thlk gwtwj lwa HksaV dj jkth gksof.k;ka ?k.kk fo}kuka eka; lw vsd gk
fganh foLo dksl jk lEiknd Mk- Hkxor'kj.k mik/;k;A oS thlk uS /kksrh dqM+rks
vj efV;k iksfr;s eSa lko lkns Hksl ns[k u vpwaHkS lwa vkaf[k;ka QkM+ nhA iNS okj
okj thlk uS bt iwNrk fj;k d lk EguS lhrkjkae th ykl lwa fe.kks gSA vj
thlk okj okj uerka dgh d EgS tqdkS vkijS lkeh cSBks gwa oks bt lhrkjke ykl
gwAa t.kS oS tk; ^Hkk"kk* if=dk eSa leh{kk djrka fyf[k;kS d ^dks"k dh loZrksUeq[kh
tkx:drk ns[k dj eSa nax jg x;kA dks"kdkj dh dk;Zifr ns[kh vkSj
ns[kk Jh ykl dk v/;olk;A vius ns'k dh izkphu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa
iafMr ftl fu"Bk ls fu:Dr fy[kk djrs Fks mldh >yd ;gka ns[kh!* i.k
Qwyksa lkFkS dkaVk fuitS T;wa bZ jkthiS lkFkS ikauM+htrh ihM+ fd.kuS nhlS\ lks iSys
[kaM jh lQrk dksl ekFkS vko.k okh vkQr jh vkxwap vkjlh gh vk ckr /
kdS tk; u lkeh vkbZA ekpZ 62 bZ- iNS pkSikl.kh Ldwy jh MsiwVslu jh fe;kn
[kre gksorh ns[k duZy lkc jh jk; lwa thlk gwtwj ekLVjh jh uksdjh lwa bLrhQks
ns; fn;kSA iSUlu m.k tekuS eSa uh nhjhtrh ghA lh-ih-vsQ- jk dksbZ ikap vsd
132
dkt;h
gtkj :fi;k fef;k ftdk vBh mBh jh m/kkjh eSa fuoM+X;kA vj b.k gkyrka eS
Egkjh eka jS bykt jkS [kjpkS thlk jh lEikfnr nwth iksFkh ^lwjt izdkl* jh
jk;YVh jS ika.k pky fj;kS gkSA vk iksFkh iqjkrRo foHkkx lwa rhu Hkkxka eSa 1960&61&63
eSa izdkflr gqbZ ghA ftdk feu[kka dksl jh fgeka.kh uS gfFk;ko.k jh fopkjh gh moka
jk gFkdaMk geSa lkeh vko.k ykxkA iSyk rkS lqf.k;kS gkS d dksbZ lEiknd eaM
c.k fj;kS gS ft.k eSa thlk jS lkFkS eklkslk mnSjkt th] dkdk ukjk;.kflagth]
dkseyth vj fctSnkauth nsFkk Hksk gSA i.k fcTth vj dkseyth vk ds; u b.k
dkae lk: uk ns; fn;ks d vkS dkae rkS vsdyk lhrkjkaeth jkS dfj;ksMk+ S gS b.k lk:
b.k jkS iwjks tl dksjkS lhrkjkae ykl uS bt fe.kkS pkbtSA vk ckr mBh m.k fnu
lwa dksl uS vVdko.k jk djukek l: OgSX;k gkA f'k{kk lfefr jk ekrcj esEcjka
b.k ckr ekFkS fopkj dj dksl jkS dkae fcuk fcxu pyko.k lk: vsd [kkl
cSBd cwyk; 23&1&61 jk U;kjh jktLFkkauh 'kCn dks"k milfefr jkS xBu dj*j
m.k jk v/;{k Hkknzktw.k jktk lkgc nsohflagth uS c.kk;kA jktk lkgc thlk
gwtwj lwa ?k.kkS gsr jk[krk vj ykM lwa Hkka.kwth ds; crkork gkA D;wa d thlk jkSS
ukuk.kks ljoM++h vj Hkknzktw.k usM+k usM+k gkA jktk lkgc dke lko <axks<ax
pyk;ks vj iSykS Hkkx izdkflr gks; x;kSA /kdS bZ izsl dkih vj NikbZ jkS dkae
pky fj;ks gkS i.k b.k c[kr lCn dksl vsd vsdsMsfed iksVhQsfxax eka; m>
x;kSA vj dksl ikNkS :d x;kSA thlk vj thlk jk lkjk fgrsfl;ka uS ?k.kks
v.k[k.kks ykxkS iNS vkjchVslu lwa b.k jkS fuosMk+ S djkbft;kSA i.k dksl jS izdklu
eSa de lwa de nks; cjl jkS fcxu iM+X;kSA QSlykS gq;ka iNS izdkflr iSyS Hkkx jh
fch lwa vkof.k;k ibZlka jS ika.k dkae /kdS fljfd;kSA i.k thlk jkS ladV cf/k;ka
x;kSA dkj.k vkS gkS d dksl lk: ljdkjh enn jh tqxr dj.k jh tqEesnkjh 'kks/
k laLFkku jh gh i.k 'kks/k laLFkkau [kqn jh fuckbZ ;k ykijokbZ jS dkj.k lwa vkS
dkae dj.k esa ukdke jSbZA cjl 1963&64 jh ljdkjh enn jh jde tn ekpZ 64
jS vkf[kjh gIrS rd uh iwxh t.kS etcwj gks; thlk uS [kqn uS nhYyh tko.kkS
ifM+;kSA mBS x;ka Bkg iM+h d 'kks/k laLFkku t:jh i=koyh uh Hksth ft.k lwa iwjh
xzk.V rkS uh feh i.k m.k c[kr jk tks/kiqj lkaln Mk- y{eheYyth fla?koh lkc
jh [kir lwa 10000 #- jh dsUnz lwa enn fexhA b.k enn uS t;iqj eSa vsd ckcw
vM+axS lwa jksd nh ft.kuS xksj/kuflagth [kir dj uS 31 ekjp jk jkr jk dksbZ
11&12 cft;ka mBk; u thlk uS MkQ~V fn;ksA vkS MkQ~V ys; thlk gwtwj tks/kiqj
iwxk t.kS Bkg iM+h d lCn dksl jS ukae jkS dksbZ djs.V [kkrkS uh gS ft.k eSa vkS
MkQ~V tek gks.kkS gkS vj vkS [kkrkS [kksyko.k uS 500 #- thlk [kuS uh gkA
67
133
Nrktksx m.kfnu duZy lkgc ';keflagth tks/kiqj i/kkfj;ksM+k gk lks duZy

lkgc [kqn [kuk lwa 500 #- ns; dksl jkS [kkrkS [kksyk; okS MkQ~V tek djk;kSA
iblS jkS vsMk+ S lkadM+y
S kS EgkjS eksVS HkkbZ uS okj okj lkadM+S ?kky nsorks] vj iNS EgkjS
?kj jS lkFkS lkFkS thlk jk lkFkh bZ vkQr eSa vw> tkorkA vsdj rkS jktLFkkauh jS
ukae lwa uksdjh djf.k;S vsd pkok dfo vj vQlj 31 ekpZ jk dksl jS ukae lwa
mfB;ksMk+ S iblkS b.k [kkrj jksdk; fn;ks d m.k uS dksl jh izfr HksaV uh djhthA iNS
m.k c[kr jk ea=h twa>kjflag th jh [kir lwa vk jde mBkbthA b.k Hkkar cankscLr
jh fuckbZ lwa gkyr vBS rd iwxh 64&65 lwa ljdkjh enn cUn gks;xhA ?kj jkS
[kjpkS ftdks thlk jh nwth iksfFk;ka jh jk;YVh jS HkjkslS gkS okS lt uh vkorksA
lsoV 1964 fnlacj jk eka] gst&gsrjkS lean eka ljhj NksM fn;kSA ?kj eka; ihM+ jk
gdnkj EgSa rhu gk ftdk geS nks; js;X;kA Ldwy eSa gqfl;kj yM+dka lk:
Ldkyjfli gh ft.k eSa EgkjkS ukae gkS ft.kuS Egkjk ekV~lkc vk ds; u jksd nh d
Fkwa rkS cgqr cM+S ys[kd dk csVk gS fdlh xjhc dks igys ysus nksA geS EgSa mokauS
dhadj le>korkS d cM+k ys[kd xjhc uh gksoSA D;wa d thlk okdbZ xjhc uh gk
uhrj brjh eqlhcrka iNS bZ dksl ikj dhadj iM+rkSA b.k jkS lcwr b.k fnuka Hkkjr jk
iz/kkuea=h ekuhrk ykycgknqj 'kkL=h th jkS thlk [kuS HksaV lk: U;wrkS vk;kSA
'kkL=hth lCn dksl ns[k ?k.kkS jkthikS dfj;kSA b.k HksaV jS c[kr lkaln Mky{eheYyth fla?koh bZ lkFkS gkA iNS jktLFkkau lkfgR; vdkneh vdkneh jh
ljLorh lHkk jk lnL; c.kk; lEekau dfj;kSA pkok lkfgR;dkj jkorth lkjLor
vj ukjk;.kflagth HkkVh thlk jS lk: vsd vsd Mhax xhr tlksfy;S jS :i
fyf[k;kSA b.k bt fnuka Hkkjr jk jkLVifr egkefge loZiYyh Mk_ jk/kkd`".ku~ jkS
tks/kiqj nkSjks gq;k moka jh thlk gwtwj lwa HksaV djkbthA b.k HksaV jS nksjku b;wa ckr
vkbZ d jktLFkkafu;ka lwa vklhl uh yso.kh D;wa d oS 'krk;q dj.k jh tkxk cksyrk
grk;q cksy u mej vksNh dj nsosA b.k lk: dfg;kS gS d&
vkf'kokZnksvfi u xzg~;kS e:ns'kkfuokfluke~!
'krk;q fjfr oDrO;s gr;qfjfr Hkk"k.kke~!
b.k jS iM+wrj eSa thlk Qjek;ks d b;qa uh gS i.k ckr rkS vk gS d EgaS
jktLFkkauh 'krk;q lwa uh /kkika i.k EgSa gtkjh mej dfj;k djka gkaA t.kS jkLVifr
?k.kk jkth gks; tksj lwa gfl;kA b.k Hkkar EgkjkS eksVkS HkkbZ thlk uS tl jh dekbZ dj
nso.kh l: djnhA i.k iblS jh eqlhcrka rkS vkijh BkSM+ gh i.k geS izsl vj dke
djf.k;ka jh vc[kkbZ bZ fur uoks :i /kkj.k ykxhA Ckr vk gh d dksl jS vc[kS
134
dkt;h
dkae uS dj.k jh dwaor gjsd izsl eSa uh gksosA vj uh bZ fcuk [kkl Vsfuax jS gjsd
dkae djf.k;kS dksl jkS dkae dj ldS b.k ckr uS le> uS iwjk iblk iwjrka Fkdka bZ
cnrh jSV jS yksHk lwa izsl vj dkae djf.k;k dkae uS jksd.k jh :xVk;ka dj.kh l:
dj uS dkae NksfM;kaX;k vj thlk gwtwj nwtk izslka jk pDdj yxk;kaX;kA vsdj rkS
pkok fy[kkjk foTth vsd dEiksthVj uS [kqn jS [kuk lwa 500 #- jS lkFkS vsd cn
izsl HkkM+S ekFkS fnjk; dkae /kdko.k jkS dki dfj;kS i.k ikj uh iM+hA vkS xjhc
dEiksthVj nks&pkj QekZ Nki uS FkkdX;ksA b;wa bZ ^l* vk[kj Nirka Nirka izsl
:xVk;ka dj.kh ekaMh t.kS pkok fy[kkjk izksQslj tgwj[kka esgj vj dEiksthVj
Hkaojyky lqFkkj jh [kir lwa ^g* vk[kj nwth izsl lwa Niko.kks ifM+;kSA b.k dkj.k
lwa ^g* vk[kj ikNkS ikauka fx.krh vsd lwa l: gksoSA ibZlS jh b.k ekjd vc[kkbZ
uS esV.k lk: xksj/kuflagth [kir dj u tCcj cksfMaZx gkml lwa lCndks"k uS
20000 #- jkS dtZ fnjk;kSA b.k m/kkj jS bUtsDlu lwa lCndksl dha /kdS ix Hkfj;k
bt gk d vsd eax ?kM+h vk; iwxhA Qkuwl cu dj ftldh fgQktr gok
djSA oks fpjkx D;wa cq>S d ftlS jks'ku [kqnk djSA ckr vk gqbZ d thlk jk
lkfgfR;d lkFkh dksey dksBkjh f'k{kkea=h c`tlqanjth 'kekZ jk futh lfpo
FkjihtX;k vj moka jk [kkl ckxksfV;k vfuy cksfMZ;k vij funsZ'kd f'k{kkA
lcn dksl lk: vS lathouh c.k*j vk;kA cksfMZ;k lkc thlk jS dksl] lknxh
vj bZekunkjh jk dk;y gks;X;kA cksfMZ;k lkc lwa thlk gwtwj jkS fe.kks tuojh
1967 bZ- eSa gq;kS vj moka vsd ebZ.kS eka; bZ lCn dksl jS LVkQ vj d.VtSUlh
[kjp ekFkS 90 izfrlr ljdkjh enn jS lkFkS dksl jh 200 izfr;ka jh [kjhn jk
vknsl Ldwy dkystka eSa fHktok; uS mej Hkj vkFkM+rs dksl uS ixka ekFkS mcks dj
fn;kSA b.k dke esa vkMk vkork baLisDVj vj lfpo jk vM+axk bZ cksfMZ;k lkc lwa
gkjX;kA ftd.k jS ika.k iSyS [kaM jS ikap cjlka iNS nwtS [k.M jh iSyh ftYn
tuojh 1967 bZ- jk izdkflr gks; gsrkqoka [kuS iwxhA EgkjkS eksVkS HkkbZ tokauh jk
ikofM+;k p<rkS b.k c[kr tl jh dekbZ :i vdkneh lkfgR;dkj lekau&i= bZ
fnjk;kS ft.k uS EgSa Egkjk gkFkka lwa fl.kxkj u eaMk;kS ftdkS vkt bZ Egka [kuS vaosj
uS jkf[k;ksM+kS gSA geS nwth ftYn jS fud.k jh iwjh R;kjh gh i.k b.k eax jh iwB
eSa gks.kgkj vkijk ljktkae dj pqdks gS b.k jh fd.kuS bZ Bkg uh ghA 5 ekpZ 1968
jk jkr jk 12 cft;ka ,d nq[knkbZ ?kM+h eka; dksl jk ?k.kk fc[kka eSa vkMk vkof.k;k
lkpk ik.kgkj Bkdj duZy ';keflagth fny jS nkSjS lwa nsg R;kxnhA ?k.kka cjlka
iSyk thlk dfork dj.kh NksM nh gh i.k b.k vkdjh iq eSa dfork ikNh gksBka us
jksoko.k uS vk; iwxh&
68
135
Jh vuksi jkS iwr iwrkS ijekjFk jkSA

lkp >wB ij[kka.k ft.k >kY;kS iFk ikjFk jkSA
egkohj j.k/khj QkSt eSa Fkks okS duZyA
fla/kq le xaHkhj uhj xaxk lks fujeA
guqeku vkau uS izka.k le ikh lks is[kyksA
tho.k f/ku ft.k jkS ukae lqHk vkfn vk[kj eSa ns[k yksA
dksl jh ekyh gkyr eSa lq/kkj gksorka Fkdka bZ duZy lkgc jkS ljhj NwV.kkS
thlk gwtwj lk: vsd uokS fc[kks gkSA 8 ekpZ 1968 bZ- jS fnu EgSa thlk gwtwj uS
lokjkbZ v.kwrk fparkexu nsf[k;kA fgEer dj uS ckr ckr eSa eka;yh ckr ckjS vkbZ
d lksp b.k ckr jkS gS d duZy lkc iNS lCn dksl mi lfefr jkS lfpo dq.k
c.ksyk\ t.kS EgSa jk; nh d duZy lkc jk fcpyk csVk dsfIVu panuflag th uS
c.k.kkS pkbtSA Egkjh ckr thlk gwtwj uS lq.krk bZ tpxhA iNS 11 ekpZ jk
milfefr jh cSBd eSa vkS izLrko thlk jkf[k;kS ft.k uS xksj/ku flagth vj
milfefr v/;{k vkith j.k/khjflag th jS leFkZu lwa eku fy;ks x;kSA dsfIVu
panuflagth lfpo vj fczxsfM;j vkith j.k/khjflagth jh v/;{krk eSa dksl jS
nwtS [kaM jh nwth ftYn uoEcj 1968 bZ- jk fudh vj iNS rhtS [k.M jh iSyh
ftYn 26 tuojh 1970] nwth ftYn 12 tupjh 1971 vj rhth b.k jS N eb.kka
iNS twu 1971 eSa izdkflr gks;xhA thlk gwtwj] vkith fczxsfM;j j.k/khjflagth
vj dsfIVu panuflag th jS gsr jkS Q lkeh vk;kSA EguS ;kn gS d EgkjS C;kao eSa
panuflagyh cUnkskS fn;ks gkS vj vkith j.k/khjflagth cM+tkauh gkA iNS vkith
lk bZ cgwcUnksks fn;ks gkSA i.k dksl jS b.k xksYMu Vse uS vtS dqVse jh futj
ykx.kh ghA ckr vk gqbZ d pkSikl.kh f'k{kk lferh jk b.k fnuka gq;ksM+k pqukoka eSa
dksbZ c[kr jk ckM+esj lkaln ruflagth egspk jS la?k n uS cgqer feX;kSA vj
f'k{kk lfefr uoh c.kkbZ xbZA b.k uoh f'k{kk lfefr eSa gkykafd egkjkt lkgc
izg~yknflag th tSMk+ Hkyk bZ feu[k gk ftdk dke dj.k jh uh;r bZ jk[krk gk i.k
oS uok vk;ksM+k tokau esEcjka jh Nksjkjks uS jksd uh lfd;kA vj vk uo&tokauka
jh f'k{kk lfefr fur uok mR[kaM dj.k ykxhA iNS ykjS b;ka uS Hkjekof.k;ka jh
deh uh ghA dksl jh fch vj xzkaV lwa vkof.k;s ibls moka jS mdlkos jh crh
eSa ykaiS jkS dkae dfj;kSA vj uoh f'k{kk lfefr 20&6&72 jk vsd izLrko ikl
dj uS lCn dksl jh mi lfefr uS Hkax dj.k jh fopkjhA iNS v/;{k vj lfpo
uS bLrhQk nso.k jkS ncko c.kk;kSA i.k vkith lkc ljdkj lwa euksuhr gk vj
panuflag th uS milfefr [kqn vkijk lfpo c.kk;k gk b.k lk: nksuka jk bLrhQk
136
dkt;h
yso.k eSa oS ukdkfe;kc fj;kA b.k izLrko eSa lCn dksl jS cSad [kkrs us bZ f'k{kk
lfefr jS [kkrs eSa Hks.k jh ckr gh i.k vS nksuka bZ ckrka ikj uh iM+hA lsoV thlk
gwtqj jS fuosnu lwa jkT; ljdkj vsd vknsl 5&5&73 jk fudk uS b.k vM+axsckth
jS fcpS n[ky ns; b.k dkae ekFkS jksd yxk; mi lfefr dk;e jk[kh vj f'k{kk
lfefr uS fgnk;r nh xbZ d ts lCn dksl jS [kkrka lwa NsM+ NkM+ gqbZ rkS f'k{kk lfefr
jh xzk.V ljdkj uS jksd.kh iM+sykA EgkjS vS lSax ckrka le> esa uh vkbZ D;wa d
ruflagth EgkjkS ?k.kkS ykM jk[krk vBkrd d moka jh nqdkau jS dke dkt eSa EgkjS
lwa lyk&lwr bZ djrk jsork vj egkjkt lkc izg~yknflagth rks EguS NksVS HkkbZ T;wa
bt le>rk gkA [kSj EgkjkS eksVkS HkkbZ lCn dksl ukae vj nkae nksuw bZ nhB lwa dekm
lkfcr gks; fj;ks gkSA b.k bt fnuka 14 Qjojh 1973 jk jktLFkkau lkfgR;
vdkneh laxe mnSiqj thlk gwtwj uS vdkneh jS fljS lekau êuh"kh* lwa lekfur
dfj;kA b.k fnuka ?k.kk jktLFkkauh jk fgrsfl;ka jkS thlk gtwj [kuS vko.kks tko.kkS
jsorkSA feu[k Egkjk eksVk HkkbZ lwa vks[kka.k lk: ?k.kh eulk jk[k.k ykxkA
v[kckj vj jsfM;ks okk b.VjO;w ;k pjpk lk: iwx tkorkA b;ka eka; lwa vsd
gS bfr;kl jk izkQslj tgwj[kka esgj ftdk ek;M+ Hkklk lwa gsr jS ika.k jktLFkkauh
i<koS vj fy[kSA tgwj[kka esgj thlk jh lknxh vj fo}rk jS lkFkS nslh ?k:
O;ogkj lwa v.kwrk izHkkfor gq;kA /kdyk fnuka iq[rkiS eSa thlk jh vc[kkbZ esV.k
jh gwal jk[krk tgwj lkc EgkjS eksVs HkkbZ jk bZ lkpk ow lkfcr gq;kA f'k{kk lfefr
jk tokau eksfV;kjka uS dkcw jk[k.k eSa tgwj[kka th ?k.kkh [kir djhA f'k{kk lfefr
jh b.k /kepd lwa dke vj Vse nksuka jkS [kjkckS gq;kS i.k dhadj bZ dj u pksFkS
[k.M jh iSyh ftYn jkS izdklu 1973 jS 12oSa eb.kS rd ikj iM+X;kSA b.k jS iNS
ljdkj jS ncko lwa gkj uS 10 twu 1973 jh cSBd eSa uoh milfefr jkS xBu
dfj;kSA vj dksl yxsrxs eafty rd iwx.k uS /kdS fljfd;kS i.k tqykbZ 75 eSa
thlk jh uksdjh jh fe;kn iwjh gkso.k okh gh b.k ckr uS le> u tks/kiqj jk
lkfgR;djka e#/kj e`nqy vj dksey dksBkjh jh vxoka.kh eSa eq[;ea=h ekuhrk
gjnso tks'kh lwa fef;kA t.kS tks'kh th thlk jh lfoZl 1977 ekpZ rd c/kko.k
jk ljdkjh vknsl djk;kA dke /kdS fljfd;ks vj pksFkS [k.M jh iSyh ftYn
Nirka Nirka Qjojh 76 vk; iwxkSA b.k c[kr tks/kiqj jk pkok odhy e:/kj
e`nqy jh vxoka.kh eSa lkfgR;dkjka jh ekax eqtc t; ukjk;.k foLofo|ky;]
tks/kiqj jh flaMhdsV vsd [kkl fuj.k; lwa dksl jk lEiknd ladyu drkZ Jh
lhrkjkae ykl uS dksldyk ;kfu ysfDldksxzkQh eSa vkmVLVsafMax dke jS ika.k
ekun MkDVj vkQ fyVjspj jh mikf/k lwa 19 tuojh 1976 jk uokft;kA b.k
69
137
eksdS m.k c[kr jk jkT;iky ekuhrk ljnkj tksxsUnzflag th thlk gwtwj lwa HkasV dj
?k.kk jkth vj izHkkfor gq;kA EguS ;kn gS d jkT;iky [kqn dksl jS [kjk[kjh
cUnkscLr [kkrj f'k{kk lfefr jk lnL; egkjkt izg~yknflag th uS cqyk; u
[kjk; u Hkko.k nh ghA vk ckr EguS izg~yknflagth lkc [kqn crkbZ ghA rkS
jkT;iky] tgwj[kka esgj vj lnklgk;d xksj/kuflagth jh [kir lwa lclwa ykjyh
pkSFkS [k.M jh rhth ftYn jh NikbZ vj m.k ckcr nwtk dkae f'k{kk lfefr jh
Nkaxyk;ka jS iNS bZ fljd.k ykxkA b.k fcpS 26 tuojh 1977 jk jkr jk dksbZ
ckjs*d cft;ka EgkjS ?kj jh ?kaVh ckth EgSa mB u vkMkS [kksfy;ksA lkeh tgwj[kka
esgj gkFk eSa feBkbZ jkS nksuka fy;ka mck gkA thlk gwtwj bZ viks<h gks; cSBX;kA tgwj
lkc ?k.kk jkth nhlh;kA moka vkijS gkFk jkS nksuka thlk uS idM+korka dgh d lk
gekj jsfM;kS ekFkS vk [kcj vkbZ gS d Hkkjr ljdkj vkiuS in~eJh lekau cfXl;kS
gS ft.k dkj.k ewaMkS ehBkS dj.k uS vkiuS dqcsk rdyhQ nh gS tqdks vki vkijS
gkFk lwa ewaMkS ehBkS djkokM+kS EgSa b.k jS gkFk uh yxk;kS gSA dabZ dS;kS\ thlk
FkksM+k*d tksj lwa cksyrk vkijh ckr iwjh djh ^lq.kkS geSa lhrkjke rkS ehBkS ewaMkS
tgwj jS gkFk lwa bt djsyk vj vsd ckr ;kn jk[ktkS d EguS [kka/kkS nso.k uS
t:j vko.kkS gS!* EgSa rkS pqipki nksuaw bZ fo}kuka jh vS [kjk[kjh ckrka lq.k.k uS
Vk uS dha uh dj ldrkS lks pqi fj;kSA i.k vk dksbZ jktLFkkauh fo}ku uS fe.k
okh iSyh în~eJh* ghA in~eJh vyadj.k lekjksg eSa xksj/kuflagth lkc lkFkS
x;kA thlk jS jkst okkS /kksrh&dwM+rkS bt isj.k uS gkS t.kS xksj/kuflagth [kqn jkS
vpdu mrkj u isjk;kSA
dh dg dh dg dh dgkSa dSrk djkSa c[kka.k!
FkkjkS EgkjkS uh fd;kS vkS xksj/ku r.kkS ,yka.k!
thlk jh b.k tS tS jS <ksy jk <ekdka lwa bZ f'k{kk lfefr jh uhan uh [kqyh
vj ekpZ 77 vk; iwxksA xzkaV yso.kh U;kjh bt gh i.k thlk jh vsDlVsaUlu fe;kn
bZ [kre gkso.k uS vk;xh t.kS jkT;iky jktLFkkau t;ukjk;.k O;kl foLofo|ky;
jk midqyifr uS /kdS forh; cUnkscLr jh i=koyh c.kk; Hkst.k lk: funsZl
fn;kA iNS vkS dkae midqyifr ikj yxk;kSA [kSj b.k lkjh xM+cfM+;ka jS Fkdka bZ
flracj 1977 bZ- jk pksFkS [k.M jh vk[khjh ftYn jkS ^l* vk[kj iwjks dj
eq[;ea=h ekuhrk HkS:flagth lwa HksaV dj.k t;iqj iwxkA Xksj/kuflagth m.k fnu
ekank gkso.k lwa lQk[kkuS eSa Hkjrh gkA vk 17 flracj 1977 jh ckr gSA thlk
m.k bt c[kr vLirky iwxkA thlk jS gkFk eSa dksl jS ^l* vk[kj rd jh ftYn
ckaf/k;kaM+h dksl jh iksFkh ghA xksj/kuflgath jS vnhB jh ihM+ v.kwrh gh rkS bZ moka
138
dkt;h
thlk jS gkFk lwa dksl jh ok v/kwjh ftYn ys; [kqn jS ekFkS mij esy u gkFk
tksfM+;kA thlk uS vkaf[k;ka vj psgjS mij ihM+ jh iM+rka lkQ nhlrh ghA ?k.kh
ihM+ ns[k thlk bZ gkFk tksM+ nwts fnu dha vjke okifj;ka fe.k dS; u vLirky
lwa ckjs vk;kA i.k dq.k tka.krks gks d vk nksuka bZ lkfFk;ka jkS NSykS eskS gkSA nwtS
fnu 18 flracj jk lokj jk xksj/kuflagth ljhj NksM fn;kSA thlk jh dfork
eq[kj gks;xh&
fe= euksjFk iwj.kk dfo taiS txthg!
vsd rkS xksj/ku /kkj.kk nwtk xksj/ku lhag!
thlk gwtwj jh fe= foNksg jh ihM+ jkS c[kka.k dj.k jh ljnk geS Egkjh
vdy vj dye nksuw eSa bZ uh gSA i.k EgSa nsf[k;kS d b.k ckr jS iNS thlk nw.kh
[kir lwa cfp;ksM+S dkae uS iwjkS dj.k eSa ykx x;kA vsd rkS fe= foNksg uS Hkwy.k
jkS vMka.k gkMrksM+ dkae uS Vk u nwtkS dha fuxS uh vkorkS gkS nwtkS f'k{kk lfefr jh
Nksjk jks jkS mdjkl geS tgwj[kka jkS twtk:i.k vj egkjkt lk izg~yknflagth jh
lTturk uS Vk u dha uh gkS i.k b.k jh gn bZ lkeh ghA xksj/ku jh vpwd vkM
bZLoj [kksl yh ghA ykjyh dFkk crkoS gS d EgkjS eksVs HkkbZ jS ys[k eSa csekrk vkS
bt fyf[k;kS gkSA iqjksfgr gfjukjk;.k th jh izsj.kk lwa b.k jkS tue gq;kS] oS b.k js
iwj.k gkso.k jh vkl NksM x;kA duZy ';keflag th iwjkS djko.k jh /kkjh oS dksl
jh tokauh eSa vkl v/kwjh NksM fl/kk;X;kA vj xksj/kuflagth BsV fdukjS NksM
[kqn fdukjkS dj fy;kSA thlk jh b.k ihM+ uS EgaS ns[kh i.k vkt Egkjk vkalw ns[k.k
uS EgkjS lkeh vsd futhZo dEI;wVj uS NksM u dksbZ uh gS&
mej gj volka.k] lkT;k iwjk lgkjk!
vkswa vkoS vkt vkalw cgS vikjk!
fd.k HkjkslS dkt fd;k vki fdukjk!
lSax lT;k lalkj vki fcu var va/kkjk!
NSM+yh vksf;ka eSa vsd ckr HkS crko.k tksx i.k psrko.k tksxA b.k
lCn dksl uS ns[k u m.k c[kr jk iz/kkauea=h ekuhrk eqjkjth nslkbZ thlk uS vkscks
fn;kSA eqjkjth dgh d ekV~lkc vki dke rkS ?k.kkSbZ eksVkS dfj;kS i.k vsd
dkse uS Egka jS f[kykQ [kM+h djnhA b.k ckr uS vkt iSarhl cjl gkso.k uS vk;k
gS i.k EguS dksbZ jktLFkkauh fd.k jS bZ f[kykQ [kM+kS uh fnlh;kSA b.k Hkklk uS
ekU;rk uh feS ftrjS b.k lk: mej gksef.k;ka uS lkfUr uh feSA
ppp
70
140
xkSjo xzaFk ohj lrlbZ

Hkkjr jh twuh Hkklkoka eka; vxoka.kh e: Hkklk ;k vkt jh jktLFkkauh jkS
Lo.kZdky e/;dky ;kfu bZ- lu 1403 lwa 1843 rd ekuhtSA b.k jS iNS
jktLFkkauh lkfgr jS vk/kqfud dky jh l:vkr ekuhtSA jktLFkkuh lkfgr jkS vk/
kqfud dky lkpkbZ lwa Hkkjr eka; jktfurh vj lekt jh nhB lwa cnko jkS dky
ekuhtSA b.k Hkkar b.kuS ifjorZu dky ;k cnko c[kr bZ dfg;ks gSA vkS c[kr
eqxy lYrur ek; eks ckifj;ka iNS bLV bafM;k dEiuh jS /kf.k;ki vj vBkjk
lkldka jh FkksFkh BdjkbZ jS ?kkes okks ekuhtSA b.k Hkkar iwjkS eqyd nslh
ijnslh /kkM+k;fr;ka Bxka fiaMkfj;ka jS tkSj tqye vj fQjaxh jkt jh dqVk;ka jkS
ekfj;ksM+kS gkSA bLV bafM;k dEiuh vBkjk jktkoka lwa fcuk xr jk jkthuakek jS ika.k
jktkoka jh ij?kh Hkkse ekFkS csgd dCtkS dj jkf[k;kS gkSA jktkoka jh eksh gkyr
jh yk; eka; vkil jh QwV vj cSj Hkko ykais jkS dke dj fj;kS gkSA vk[ks eqyd
eka; cUnkscLr [k fc[k gks; x;kS gkSA fcdjk dk eka; bZ chxksM+h mxko.k
jkS rkaMo caxky eka; ykMZ Dykbo epk; jkf[k;kS gkSA b.k lwa bZ v.k /kkfi;ks
fQjaxh jkt v.kwrh dqVkbZ vj prqji.kS jS ika.k es;ks dkyst tSM+h ikslkka ek;
jktdqekjka uS i<k; uS laLd`fr jh ckiwrh eka; /kwM+ Hks.k ykxksM+kS gkSA Lkkph ckr
rkS vk gS d okS fczVsu [kkrj oQknkj xqyke uksdjka jh fuit c/kko.k eka; elxwy
gkSA vsM+h vc[kh osk iwjS nsl eka; dksjks e: eqyd bt vsM+kS gkS d ft.k BksM+
vku cku bTtr vkc: [kkrj ej.k feV.k jh twuh jhr ikark vtS thorh ghA
lkFkS lkFkS b.k ijEijk uS lqtkx jk[k.k [kkrj vBkjk lkfgr eka; ohj xkFkk dky
okk cht vtS cf;k uh gkA uktksxkbZ dk;jrk jh vks[kn ftdh lkfgr eka;
ekstwn gh m.k vkijkS vlj uh NksfM;kSA b.k [kkrj fQjaxh fo}ku djuy tsEl
VkM uS dso.kkS ifM+;kS d&^ns;j bt uksV , isVh LVsV bu jktLFkku nsV gst
uksV gsM bVl vksou Fkjeksikyh ,.M Lslyh , lhVh nsV gst uksV
izksM;wl bVl fy;ksukMZA* i.k rksbZ vsd fo}ku jk lcnka eqtc& ^xkaao xkao
eka; FkeksZiksyh vj ?kj ?kj eka; fy;ksukMZ okS eqyd jh xh xh eka;
dkt;h
ohjrk jS xhrka jk jp.kgkj dfoljka jh okr dso.k jkS djuy VkM uS ikarjkS
iM+ x;kS* bZljnkl ckjB] vklkth ckjB] cknj <kMh] dslksnkl xkM.k] tXxkth
f[kfM+;k] xksj/kuth cksxlk] lwtks chBw] inek lkanw] i``Fohjkt jkBksM+ tSMk+ dfoljka
ohjrk jh ijaijk uS lqtkx jk[khA vku cku jk lnxq.kk jh :[kk [kkrj [kqn jh
dwaor uS iwjh dke yhohA b.k bt dM+h eqtc fcpyS c[kr ;k e/;dky eka;
vj m.k iNS vk/kqfud dky eka; 'kadjth lkeksj] ckadhnklth vkfl;k] uoyth
ykl] dsljhfla?kth ckjB vj ohj lrlbZ jk jp.kgkj lwjteYy ;k jfoeYy
ehl.k b.k ohj izo`fr uS ikNh ixscky djnhA c[kr jS ijoka.k vkS dfoljka jkS
djrc ?k.kkS egrkm vj ?k.kkS t:jh gkSA
Hkkjr eka; dksjks jktLFkkau bt vsd vsM+h tkxkk gh tBkjk dfo;ka m.k
vc[kh ?kM+h eka; iwjk psru gks; lqtxrk lkFkS lkph fuladrk vj fujHkhdrk lwa
[kqn jh dwaor b.k vk;kstu lk: dkae yhohA vk jktLFkkau vj jktLFkkauh lk:
rkS ?k.kh xjc jh ckr rkS gS bt i.k iwjS Hkkjr eqyd jS [kkrj bZ egrkm dka.k jh
dM+h gSA jktLFkkauh jkS lwjohjrk jh Hkkouk uS psru dj.k jS iforj bjknS lwa
fyf[k;ksM+sk xzUFk ohj lrlbZ iwjS Hkkjr uS txko.k jkS etcwr dkae dj fn;kSA b.k
nhB lwa lwjteYy jS gkFkka fyf[k;ksM+kS vkS xzaFk bfr;kl jS ikauk fcpS ghjk iUuk
eafM;ksMk+ S U;kjkS fudsoM+kS ikaukS gSA xzaFk jh mRrerk b.k ckr lwa pksx.kh gks; tkoS d
ft.k :.k lwa pkj.k jktiwrka lkFkS tq/kHkkse eka; vaxn jS nkbZ ix jksi u vsd gkFk
ryokj vj nwtksM+s gkFk dye ys; ohjrk uS fcM+nkork gk m.k bt <ax <kS lrlbZ
jkS fy[kkjkS [kqn 1857 jS xnj jh j.kHkkse fcpkS mckS vkijh vkaf[k;ka lwa Lora=rk
laxzke uS ns[krka Fkdka m.k c[kr jS Hkkjr jkS fprjke mdsfj;kS gSA
1857 jkS >xM+kS vktknh jkS vkanksyu gkS ft.kuS fQjaxkh vj moka jk
ykjok bfr;kldkjka flikbZ foIyo ;k dksjks tkxhjnkjka jkS VaVkS crk; uS cnuke
dj.k jk dki dfj;kA m.kuS ts vktknh jS laxzke jh vks[kka.k nso.kh gksoS rkS b.k
ckcr m.k bt c[kr jS fy[kkjs jS gkFkka fyf[k;ksM+kS vsd bt lcwr ekstwn gSA oks
lcwr gS ohj lrlbZ iksFkh vj iksFkh jk fy[kkjk lwjteYy jS gkFkka fyf[k;ksM+k
ijoka.kkA b.k ijoka.kk lwa fy[kkjS m.k c[kr jk ujslka uS psrk;k gk d dqfVy
vaxzstka lwa ;q/k jh rS;kjh djkS uh rkS geslka jS okLrs xqyke gkso.kkS iMs+ykA vk ckr
jktLFkkau vj jktLFkkauh lk: ?k.kS vatl vj xjc jh gS d vkS dkae dksjkS b.k
BkSM+ djhft;kS vj vBkjh Hkklk eka; bt djhft;kSA ftdk jktLFkkauh fy[kkjk
vkS dkae dfj;ks moka ek; fljeksj gk lwjteYy th ehl.kA m.k c[kr tn mrjkns
71
141
Hkkjr jh [kkl Hkklk mM+nw dksjks bLd gqLu eqgCcr jS lckc eka; dhft;ksM+h gh
vj nwtksM+h Hkklk c`t d`L.k Hkxrh jh vkM eSa ukf;dk jS u[k fl[k c[kka.k jS
ijoka.k fl.kxkj la;ksx fo;ksx jh miekoka jkS Hkksx yxk; jh ghA m.k les dksjh
jktLFkkauh vj eqyd jktLFkkau bt vsM+kS gkS ft.k b.k eqyd jh fjlh ijEijk ;k
pkj.kh djrc uS iksf[k;kSA nsl jS xjc uS ikNkS thokfM+;kSA lwrksM+S eqyd uS lqtkx
dj.k [kkrj uxkjk ctk; t;?kksl lwa xwatk;kSA b.k ika.k bt ohj lrlbZ jh dfork
uS &^ys vkQ ykLV fefuLVy* vj egkdfo lwjteYy uS ^ykLV vkQ n tSUVl*
jkS fojn cfXl;ks x;kSA ys vkQ ykLV fefuLVjy ;kfu egku pkj.kh ijEijk jk
xhrka jk jp.kgkj Jh lwjteYyth iSyk rkS fQjaxh dqpkyka uS le>korka Fkdka
lkjk jktkoka uS ijoka.kk fyf[k;kA
b.k Hkkar oS kafr jkS liukS nsf[k;kSA iNS b.k liuS uS vke jk;k jS futjka
rd iqxko.k [kkrj ohj lrlbZ jS nwgka jh yfM+;ka jh jpuk djhA ft.k lwa fufr
jp.kgkj vj ;q/k jk dj.kgkjka jS fga;s vk ckr iwx ldSA lrlbZ jS l:iksar lwa bZ
jp.kgkj jkS y{; lkQ gSA eaxykpj.k lwa x.ksl Lrqfr eka; [kqn uS ijnsfl;ka jkS
nkl gkso.k lwa ykt vko.k jh ckr jh vkM lwa moka Hkkjr ekrk jh nklrk jh ckr
mBkbZ gSA
yka a iS flj ykt lnk dgkma nkl!
x.k OgS xkma rw> xq.k ika ohj izdkl!
gs x.ksl EguS Lrqfr djrka ykt vkoS gS D;wa d EgSa fQjaxh lRrk jkS nkl
cktw gwaA vkt FkkjkS x.k gks; Fkkjk xq.k xkma ft.k lwa ohjrk jkS izdkl ik; ldwaA
b.k Hkkar [kqn uS eaxykpk.k lwa bt nkl crk; eqyd jh nklrk jh ckr x.kslth jh
vkM lwa lkjk Hkkjr jk fuokfl;ka uS crkbZ gSA lcuS psrk;k gSA rkS vk ckr lkQ
nhlS gS d dfo jkS y{; nsl uS txko.kkS ;k lkopsr dj.kkS bt gkSA b.k lk: ohj
lrlbZ eka; iSykiSy Lora=rk jh ?kksl.kk djhth gSA
chde cjlka chfr;kS x.k pkS pan xq.khl!
fclgj frFk xq: tsB cfn le; iyVh lhl!
foe laor jkS mx.khl ponoksa cjl ;kfu bZ- lu 1857 jk c[kr iyVkS
[kk;kS ft.k lwa kafr flj ekFkS p< u cksy jh gSA Hkko vkS gS d ohjka lkopsr gks;
tkokS kafr jkS c[kr vk; x;kS gSA b.k jS iNS xw< oka.kh jkS [kqyklkS dfj;kS gSA
vka.kh mj tka.kh mrqy xk.kh dj.k vxw<A
Okak.kh txjka.kh oGS EgS phrk.kh ew<A
142
dkt;h
EgkjS fg;S eka; ftdk vuwBk Hkko mB fj;k gS m.kk jkS xk;u EgSa Egkjh oka.kh
lwa dj fj;kS gwaA vk oka.kh lcuS lqtkx dj u psrkosyk vsM+kS EgSa fopkj dj fj;kS
gwAa
b.k l:iksr jh ?kksl.kk iNS dfo lkfgr jh FkksFkh fNNkysckth uS odkjrkS
[kqn jh dfork jS ew Hkko dkuh fxukj dj.k jh ckr dgh gSA vjFk vkS gq;ks d
Hkklk vj dfork jS vyadkjka jS Hkaoj tk lwa NwV u kafr ckcr ftdk Egkjk Hkko
gS m.k ekFkS /;ku nkSA
oS.k lxkb okf;k iS[khts jl iksl!
ohj gqrkl.k cksy eSa nhlS gsd u nksl!
ohjrk tkxj.k jh ?kksl.kk eka; dksbZ o;.k lxkbZ ;k nwtk vyadkj ns[k.k jh
Hkwy uh djS d vk dfork dk;jrk uS ck uS Hkle dj.k okh vxuh gSA b.k lwa
ohjrk tkxsyk vj nwtk lkjk nksl t c tkosykA ft.k Hkkar vxuh eka; lkjh
phtka c u Lokgk gks; tkoS m.k bt <ax lwa ohj jl jk c[kka.k djrh b.k dfork
eka; dksbZ nksl uh nh[k ldSA eksVh ckr rkS vk gS d dfo jh vk mfDr lkjk
vyadkjka lwa fl.kxkfj;ksM+h gSA i.k vk ckr lkfgr jS dqvs eka; dwnf.k;k moka
MsMfj;ka [kkrj dghth gS ftdk Hkkoka uS NksM u vyadkjka vk[kjka lcnka jS ykjS
jM+cMS+A vtS ckr vBS bt uh uhoM+h gS D;aw d dfo m.k c[kr jk pkj.k dfo;ka
uS ;q/k eka; tk; le; ekQd djrc dj.k [kkrj odkfj;k gSA
j.k gkyhts pkj.kk pkgs vc yx pSu!
djS lqHkM+ ftlM+h dgks fo/k lksa nwj c.ksu!
b.k iNS m.k c[kr jk ujslka uS ekslk cksy QwVjkiS lwa lq.kk;k gSA vaxzstka jh
nklrk vaxst.k jk vsM+k cksy ftdka eka; dfo jh dyk vj jktkoka jh nqnZlk nksuka
bZ vsdS lkFkS nhl jh gSA
bd Madh fx.k ,d jh HkwyS dq lHkko!
lwjka vkl ,sl eSa vdy xekb vko!
dsM+kS c[kr vk;kS gS d vsdyS vaxzst jh lRRkk jk vk/khu gks; vS lwjohj
[kqn jkS dq lHkko Hkwy pqdk gSA vkt vkl jk ekfj;k vslks vkjke eSa MwcksM+k
[kqn jh vdy vj mej nksuka bZ xek; fj;k gSA b.k ekslk cksyka lkFkS e:Hkkse jh
lwjohjrk jh ijEijk jS eqtc tuuh jkS iky.kS fgaMkorkaa fn;ksM+kS vVy minsl bZ
ikNkS ;kn fnjk;kS gSA
72
143
bZk u ns.kh vkijh gkyfj;S gqyjk;A

iwr fl[kkoS iky.kS ej.k c<kb eka;A
jktLFkku jh b.k ijEijk jS ika.k eka jh lh[k lwa ;q/k dj.k uS tkorS csVs jh
eka jS gj[k jkS dabZ dkj.k gS d iwr ;q/k eS ej.k tk; fj;kS gS vj cgw c.k uS
mrkoh gks; jsbZ gSA
vkt ?kjS lklw v[kS gj[k vpk.kd dk;A
cgw csok gwlS iwr ejsok tk;A
dfo vkijh dfork ;k lrlbZ jh [kkfl;r c[kka.kh gS d vk nwgk okh
lrlbZ ftdh lwjohjka jkS rkS Hk[k ysoS gS i.k tS dksbZ dk;j b.k jk nwgk lq.kS rkS oks
v[k fc[k gks; tkoSA dfo vkijh dfork jh jpuk jkS vj m.kuS i<.k jkS
/;s; crk;kS gSA
lrlbZ nksgk ebZ ehl.k lwjtekyA
tiS HkM+[kk.kh tBS lq.kS dk;jka lkyA
b.k BkSM+ [kkl ckr vk gS d dfo lrlbZ jkS ikou y{; crk;kS gSA lrlbZ
jh jpuk jkS ew dkj.k lwjohjka uS nsl [kkrj cfynkau dj.k uS rS;kj dj.kkS bt
gkSA b.k Hkkar lrlbZ jh jpuk jkS dfo jS y{; jkS [kqyklkS djhft;kS gS!
lrlbZ jh ijEijk bZlk jS isyS lbdS lwa izkd`r jh iksFkh xkFkk lIrlrh lwa
pkfy;kM+h gSA m.k jS iNS xksj/ku dfo jh vk;kZ lIrlrh vj fcgkjh jh lrlbZ
rd ftrjh lrlb;ka fy[khth m.k lSaxka esa fl.kxkkj jl jh iz/kkurk nhlS gSA vS
lkjh yksdka jS eu fcyeko lwa /kdS uh pky ldhA i.k dfo lwjteYy uS lk;r
dfork jkS vkS nqjmi;ksx y[kk;kSA jktLFkkau jh ijEijk ohjrk lkFkS vktknh
vkc: vku cku [kkrj yM+ ej.k jh gSA dfo jh b.k lksp lwa ohj jl jkS iqV
vk;kS gS ft.k lwa lrlbZ jh fnlk cn xbZA b.k <ax lwa LoYik ek=k cgqykS
xq.kk'p jh :.k eSa fyf[k;ksM+k fMfLVp diysV jh dk;k iyV dj nhohA vj
b.k Hkkar lrlb;k ds nksgjs T;ksa ukod ds rhj jkS uokS tue gq;kSA b.k lwa ts dksb
vk eku cSBs d dfo uS fl.kxkj jl lwa ijst gS rks Bhd uh D;wa d lrlbZ eSa O;atuk
jS peRdkj lwa ohjjl vj fl.kxkj jl vsdevsd gq;ksMk+ y[kkoSA
dadka.kh paiS pj.k fx/kka.kh flj xkg!
eks fcu lwrkS lsst ij jhr u NaMS ukgA
vj
144
dkt;h
erokh tkscu lnk rw> tekb eka;A

ifM+;ka Fk.k isyk iMS] cw<h /k.k u lqgk;A
vkS dfo jh vuks[kh dYiuk vj dyk jS ika.k O;atuk jkS peRdkj gSA
brjkS cdkfj;ka iNS bZ ts uh psrS vj vey jk [kksck ys; dkuk eka; rsy ?kky lwrk
jssoS rkS vsM+k daMhjka jS ekslk cksyka jk pwafV;k Hkj.k lwa bZ dfo pwfd;ks uh gS!
/khjs /khjs Bkdjka brh mrko dk;!
yhtS [kksck xkek teh dBS ?kql tk;A
b.k jS ckotwn vSM+kS y[kkos gS d dfo eulk jS ekQd m.k c[kr jk
jktkoka ek;M+ Hkkse jh csfM+;ka dkV.k lk: dke dj.k jh uh /kkjh lks dfo uS ?k.kS
jat lwa dSo.kkS ifM+;kS d b.k Hkkse jk liwrka jS dk;jrk jh csekjh dBk lwa ykxhA
ft.k cu Hkwy u tkork xSaM xo; fxM+jkt!
fr.k cu tEcqd rkdM+k /ke eaMS vktA
rkS Hkklk ek; [kVjl jS Neds jS ika.k ohj jl eS vyadkj vj miekoka jh
NVk lesr rqylh jh dk&lwj jkS l[kk isze&dkhnkl jkS c[kka.k oSHko&gksej jh
gwadkj&Hkwl.k jkS >w>k:i.kkS&dchj jkS QdM+i.kkS&fcgkjh jh jl fuit& jl[kku
jghe jh Hkklk xwaFkkbZ vj Mhax jkS dkO; lkSLVo vsdh BkSM+ dfo lwjteYy jh
lrlbZ eka; ekStwn gSA
b.k Hkkar lrlbZ dksjkS lkfgr xzaFk bt uh gS i.k vsd xkSjo xzaFk gS ft.k jh
egrk dksjh b.k [kkrj bt uh gS d b.k eSa ohj jl jkS lkaxksikax c[kka.k gS i.k b.k
lwa /kdS lrlbZ jS xjctksx jpuk gkso.k jkS eksVks dkj.k rkS vkS gS d lrlbZ m.k
c[kr eqyd eka; tkxj.k jkS vy[k txk;kS tn izekn vj foykflrk ohjrk jkS
gj.k dj fy;kS gkSA b.k nhB lwa i.k gj nhB lwa&^n ykLV vkQ n tsaV*&;kfu
egku jpuk jkS jp.kgkj lrlbZ tsMh+ &^ys vkQ n ykLV fefuLVjy*& pkj.kh
xkSjoe;h ijEijk jS :i&thok tw.k foKku osn&vFkZlkL= jkS mnxe dkSfVY;&
ejtknk jkS ikB jkek;.k&/kje jkS furhlkL= egkHkkjr&vj vk/;kRe jh fljS
mMka.k xhrk jS cjkscj bZ uh i.k m.k lwa /kdS Hkkjr jk xkSjo xzUFkka jh yM+h eka; vsd
vksiekS ux gSA
ppp
73
146
jktLFkkauh dkO; eka; vktknh jh vy[k

Hkkjr eka; fczfVl lRrk cksikj jS fel NksVhd cknh :i ijxV gqbZ vj
gkss gkss ?ku?kksj ?kVk :i /kkj.k dj fy;kSA mxq.kh fnl lwa meM+rh b.k ?kVk uS
jktiwrkuS rd iwxrkaa ?k.kh vc[kkbZ rkS uh vkbZ i.k m.k c[kr jS jktiwrkuS eka;
cfM+;ka iSyk ?kkSj fojks/k lwa vkeh lkeh gkso.kkS ifM+;kSA jktiwrkuS ckcr vaxzstka jkS
eku.kkS vkS gkS d b.k eqyd ekFkS dCtkS dj.kkS moka jS Mkos gkFk jkS [ksy gSA i.k m.k
c[kr jkS jktiwrkukS ;k gekj jkS jktLFkkau vkijS tue lwa bZ vBkjk uhfr mds:oka
jS fopkjka jS ekQd vktknh] LokfHkekau vj lEizHkqrk jS fl/kkUrka c jfp;ksM+kS
jkt ekuhtrkS gkSA jktLFkkau jk dfo;ka jh oka.kh vBkjk jktkoka lrk/khlka uS apk
vknjlka lwa vku cku jS ekjx gky.k uS psrkorh js;h gSA b.k Hkkar 1857 jh kafr
lwa dksbZ ipkl cjl iSyk bZ jktLFkku eka; ckadhnklth vkfl;k (1838&1900)
vj uoyth ykl (1771&1833) tSMk+ dfo;ka okYrs;j vj :lks jS nkbZ kafr
jk cht jktkoka eka; bt uh i.k vke jk;k eka; bZ fc[ksj fn;k gkA b.k dkj.k lwa
de lwa de jktLFkku jh nks; fj;klrka Hkjriqj vj ekjokM+ eka; fczfVl lRrk uS
n c N c ckgw c jS ckotwn gkj jkS ewaMkS ns[k.kkS ifM+;kSA iSykiSy tn
fczfVl dqVkbZ lwa vBkjk jktoka uS Hksk dj jkthika jS ik.k vBkjh lRrk ekFkS
dCtkS dj.k jh fopkjh vj jkthikS yxSrxS gks; bZ x;ks gkS i.k vsd pkj.k dfo
jh vksf;ka m.k jkthiS jS vkMh ns; bZ nhA b.k vksf;ka ek;a eYgkj jko gksYdj jh
rkjhQ b.k [kkrj gqbZ gS d m.k vaxsztka lwa jkthukekS uh fy[k uS ;q dfj;kSA T;wa&
flgka flj uhpk fd;k vk xkkMj djS xykj!
v/kifr;ka flj vks<.kh rkS flj ik?k eYgkjA
b.k vksf;ka eka; jkthukeS [kkrj m.k BkSM+ R;kj cSBk jktkoka uS odkfj;k gS
d ftdk jktk [kqn uS flax crkos gS moka b.k vaxszt :i xkMj jS vkxS ekFkk uhpk
fd;ka cSBk gS i.k ?k.kk jax b.k eYgkj jko gksYdj uS ft.k vaxzstka lwa ;q dfj;kSA
jktLFkkau [kqn jh Hkklk vj Hkkouk jS ika.k vktknh jh tksr txk;ka jk[khA iwjk /kzqo
Hkkjr eka; ft.k c[kr [kkl Hkklk mM+nw gqLu bLd jS lckc eka; Mwch gh vj czt
dkt;h
d`L.k HkfDr jh vkM lwa u[k fl[k fl.kxkj jh vkfM;ka eka; mf>;kSM+h gh m.k
c[kr dksjh jktLFkkauh Hkklk bt vsM+h gh d ft.k Hkkjr jh twuh fjlh ijaijk vj
pkj.k fparu uS thorkS jkf[k;kSA b.k Hkkar nsl fgr nsl HkfDr jS ika.k vktknh jh
vy[k txkbZA ft.k lwa vktknh jh yM+kbZ jh tehu R;kj gqbZA b.k c[kr iwjS Hkkjr
eka; ckadhnklth vkfl;k vsdkvsd dfo gk ftdka m.k c[kr jh pkoh Hkklk
Mhax eka; fganw vj eqlyeku nksuka uS nsl jh vktknh [kkrj fuNko dj.k jkS
vkg~okau dfj;kSA vk ckr 1857 lwa dksbZ rhl cjl iSyk jh gS tn moka psrko.kh
xhr fyf[k;kS ftdkS vktrd nsl ckfl;ka uS vktknh jh v[kaMrk lk: psrkorkS
lks y[kkoSA
vk;kS vaxzst eqyd jS mij vkgal yh/kk [ksafp mjkA
/kf.k;ka ejS u nh/kh /kjrh /kf.k;ka mHkka xb /kjkA
QkStka ns[k u dh/kh QkStka nks;.k fd;k u [kk MkA
[koka [kkap pwMS] [kkaoan jS m.k fgt pwMS+ xb bkA
N=ifr;ka ykxh ug Nka.kr x<ifr;ka /kj ijh xqehA
c ugS fd;kS ckiM+ak cksrka tksrka tksrka xb tehA
nqb N=ekl ckfn;ks fn[k.kh Hkkse xb lks fy[kr HkoslA
iwxkS ugha pkdjh idM+h nh/kkS ugha ejsBka nslA
cft;ks Hkyks Hkjriqj okks xktS xtj /ktj uHk xkseA
Ifgyka flj lkgc jks ifM+;ks HkM+ mwHkka ug nh/kh HkkseA
efg tkrka phapkrka efgyk vS nq; ej.k r.kk volka.kA
jk[kks jS fdafgd jtiwrh ejn fganw dh eqlyekauA
iqj tks/kka.k mnSiqj tSiqj ig Fkkajk [kwVk ifj;ak.kA
vkads xb vkolh vkads ckads vly fd;k c[kka.kA
ckadhnkl th jS b.k vktknh jS gsr moka uS ?k.kk QksM+k ?kkfy;kA tks/kiqj jk
jktk ekufla?k th jS gkFkka jktk jh fcuk ejth dEiuh jS vadql lwa dfo uS vsd uh
nks; nsl fudkk >sy.kk ifM+;kA b.k ckr us vsd dfo uhpS eqtc cka/kh gS!
ckadk Fkkjh ckad uS dk< lfd;ks ugha dks;!
Ykk[k ilko rkS ,d fy;ks nsl fudkk nks;!
Ckakdhnkl th jS c[kr bZ dfo ykl uoy th vj xksikynku th
n/kokfM+;k vkijh dfork jS ika.k jkLV jh psruk uS tkxrh bt uh jk[kh i.k
jktLFkkauh Hkklk eka; jktkoka uS vktknh [kkrj odkj uS vke jk;k eka; vktknh jkS
74
147
vy[k txk;kSA ftdS bZ jktk [kqn jh vku cku jh :[kk djh m.k uS dfork jS
tfj;S ?k.kk jax fn;k vj m.k jh dhrhZ v[kaM vej djnhA Tkks/kiqj jktk
ekufla?kth tn ykMZ fofy;e csafVax jS vtesj njckj uh x;k vj m.k jkS
cfgLdkj dfj;kS tn vktknh jk vkxhoka.k ykl uoyth jktk uS ?k.kk jax b.k
xhr eqtc fn;kA
vk;k ykV jk [kyhrk ckprkab /kdS yk; HkkSA
/kjS gkFk ewaNka Nk; mwHkkS ks/k /khaxA
vkijs Hkjksls jkx tkaxsM+ks fnjk; mwHkkSA
lk;
HkkS
tuscka [kkaxM+k ekuflagA
vkHk ykxka xksjka nka NksfM;k u dk<S vkxksA
izFkh lkjh vkika.k NksfM;ka cgS ika.kA
jksfM;k uxkjks BgS ug ekuS Vsdyks jktkA
ftdka lrksfM+;ka cgS gsdyks tks/kka.kA
rqVS dGk NqVS BksM+ BksM+ jh [kpkaa.kh rksikaA
Ykk[kka gkMka xksM+ jh dqjEHkka vkMh yhdA
tksM+ jk fBdka.kk ?k.kk exth esynh tBSA
rBS jgh jkBkSM+ jh gsd pksd rh[kA
fQjh ckxka tBhus pykb ikrlkgh QkStkaA
Hkqtka ykt HkkbZ lnkbZ vkbZ Hkk;A
:fB;ka /kwa/kh ukFk dkbZ th :dkaA
ekjokM+ka fnYyh us fekbZ /kwM+ eka;A
Hkkats pksd gjksk vf.k jk mrsf;ks HkkykaA
/kdS r.kks esfy;k t.kh jh jhl /kwrA
jgh vkaV d.kh jh thokj fl/kka jkt jk[khA
Lkkth ckth uok dksVka /k.kh jh lcwrA
laxzkek laHkkoS cht tqka dlka vko lkeSA
js.k vsd FkskM+k ukaeS FkkoS vlh jhrA
u ekoS fQjaxh fganwFkaku dh/kkS ik; ukeSA
vki ukeS ukt [kk/kkS fctkbZ vthrA
tn vaxzstksa jk Qjeku lwa b.k nsl jk lSax jktk ca/k x;k vj tks/kiqj jS
cjkscj jh fj;klrka [kqn jh eku e;kZnk vaxzstka jk pj.kka ek; viZ.k djnh m.k
148
dkt;h
c[kr jktk ekufla?k m.k Qjeku uS i< u jhl lwa jkrks gks; m.k [kyhrs jkS tckc
[kqn jS Hkqt c lwa nso.k jh fopkjhA fcuk dksbZ rjS jh enn jS dksjks [kqn jS Hkjksls
;q dj u eqyd uS ixka gsVs jxnks.k okk vaxzstka uS nsl lwa ckjs dkf<;ka fcuk uh
NksMsykA fcdjk fcukl dj.k okh vaxzstka jh Qkst uS izy;adkjh Hkkyka jS c
rgl ugl dj nsosykA Ckkr vk gh d fczfVl lRrk jS vkeh lkeh gks; eqdkcykS
dj.k jh /kkj yso.k jS dkj.k ekufla?kth uS vsd rjg jkS gqdeukekS fef;kS gkSA
b.k gqde ukeS jkS ekufla?kth fojks/k dfj;kS gkS m.k jS ika.k dfo uoyth ykl
jktk ekufla?kth uS mij fyf[k;ksMS+ xhr eka; ?k.kk jax fn;k gSA b.k bt Hkkar dfo
ukFkwjke th ykl jktk ekufla?kth jS jkLVh; pjhrj uS c[kka.krk fyf[k;kS gS d
oS vaxzstka jS c[k eka; dnsbZ uh vk;kA
egkjktk eku eqj/kj ekFkS pew fQjaxh ukg p<SA
jS tka.kS lwjtokks jFk dklh lwa vkarjs d<SA
ekjokM+ mij fQjaxh fe ij n ?kksM+k [kM+S u iklA
floiqj gwark nqjlk gsrks lwj cxy dk<S lirklA
dfo fxj/kkjhflag ifjgkj bZ vktknh jk vkxhoka.k Hkjriqj jk jktk
j.kthrflag jh rkjhQ b.k [kkrj djh d moka ejkBk ljnkj tloarjko gksYdj uS
vaxzstka jS f[kykQ lj.k nh vj iNS ;q dj uS xksjh Qkst uS gjkbZA b.k ?kVuk jkS
c[kka.k dfo fxj/kkjhflag ifjgkj ?k.kS pks[kS vj lVhd <ax lwa dfj;kSA
tkVka jk tcjk gkFk ns[k vaxzst Hkwy x;k prjkbA
fdrjk ej x;k ijdksVs ij fdrjk [kk; xbZ [kkbA
nqjxr fQjafx;ka jh gq;xh tkVka jS tcjS gkFkka lwaA
csgksl Hkwy x;k Hkkyka eS /kjrh thrf.k;k ?kkrka lwaA
b.k Hkkar fczfVl dqVk;ka vj iM+iap jkS jktLFkkau eka; fojks/k vaxzstka jS
Hkkjr lwa ckjs fud.k jkS eksVkS dkj.k gks; fj;kSA jktLFkkau jk dfo;ka jS Hkjriqj
vj tks/kiqj fj;klr jk jktkoka jS fczfVl fojks/k uS fcM+nko.k jS ika.k vaxzstka jk
dqp vaxzstka ekFkS bt Hkkjh iM+X;kA i.k b.k jkS dkj.k vBkjk dfo;ka vj
lkfgrdkjka jh vktknh jh gwal gh!
b.k ?kVukoka jS iNS ftdkS iSyks vktknh jkS vkanksyu 1857 eka; gq;kS m.k jkS
ew dkj.k rkS vBkjk dfo;ka vj lkfgrdkjka jh Lora=psrk Hkkouk ghA vj b.k jS
iNS vktknh jS vkanksyu jS c[kr dfo lwjteYy ehl.k vj 'kadjflag lkeksj
tsM+ka jh oka.kh vj dye vktknh jh ekax uS c.kkbZ jk[khA b.k c[kr dfo
75
149
lwjteYy ehl.k jktLFkkau jk lSax jtokM+ka uS [kqn jS gkFkka ijoka.kk fy[k uS psrk;k
gk d fczfVl dqVk;ka lwa cj.k jkS vsd bt ekjx gS vj oks gS vaxzstka lwa lh/kks
;q dj.kkSA lwjteYy ehl.k jkS jfp;ksMk+ S xzaFk ohj lrlbZ m.k c[kr jh vsdkvsd
vsM+h jpuk gS d ft.k uS Hkkjr jS bfr;kl eka; vsd xkSjo xzaFk jkS njtkS fef;ksM+ks
gSA m.k c[kr fyf[k;ksM+h vk vsdkvsd vsM+h iksFkh gS ftdh jktLFkkau jh twuh
ijEijk jS eqtc dfo ;q jS eSnku eka; [kM+kS gks; vkijh vkaf[k;ka lwa laxzke
ns[krkS ns[krkS fy[kh gSA iksFkh jh vsd vsd vksh ek; Hkkjr jk vke ckflanS uS
psrk;kS gS d ek;M+ Hkkse uS vktkn djko.kkS vsd vsd Hkkjroklh jkS iSyks /kje gSA
iksFkh eka; lclwa iSyk kafr jh l: gkso.k jh ?kksl.kk djhth gSA
chde cjlka chfr;ks x.kpks pan xq.khlA
fclgj frFk xq: tsB cnh le; iyV~Vh lhlA
b.k nwgS eka; 1857 jh kafr jh frFk crk; u m.k ?kVuk uS kafr crkorka
Fkdka nslokfl;ka uS psrk;k gS d le; iyV x;kS gS kafr l: gks; pqdh gS lks geS
vkika uS vkl NksM uS ej.k eax [kkrj R;kj jso.kkS gS ugha rkS vaxszt b.k dkSe jh
vku cku lku jkS gj.k dj u xqyke c.kk; NksMs+ykA b.k jS iNS iwjh iksFkh eka;
vktknh jh efgek xkbth gS vj lkFkS lkFkS dk;jka vj dk;jrk uS vkMS gkFkka ys;
nsl [kkrj ej.k ekj.k jkS vkg~okau djhft;ks gSA
lrlb nksgkeb ehl.k lwjtekyA
tiS HkM+[kka.kh tBS lq.ks dk;jka lkyA
lwjka vkl ,sl eSa vdy xekb vkcA
bdMadh fx.k ,ejh Hkwys dq lHkkoA
lwjteYy ehl.k jh lrlbZ jS vsd vsd nwgS eka; nsl jk lwjohjka uS
vktknh [kkrj ej feV.k jh lh[k nhjhth gS vj ijnslh lRrk uS m[kkM+ Qsad.k jkS
vkg~oku djhft;ks gSA lwjohjrk uS fcM+nkbth gSA T;wa &
ft.k cu Hkwy u tkork xsan xo; fxM+jktA
m.k cu tacqd rkdM+k m/ke eaMS vktA
ft.k cu eka; eksVk eksVk fgald tho bZ fopj.k dj.k lwa gcd [kkork gk
Hkwy uSa bZ mBhus ewaMkS bZ uh djrk gk m.k cu eka; tcqad ;kfu fl;kf;k m/ke dj
fj;k gSA ft.k eqyd lwa fldanj tSM+k egkHkM+ gkj [kk; uS x;k m.k tkxk vaxzst
fl;kf;k m/ke epk; jkf[k;kS gSA b.k bt c[kr jk dfo 'kadjflag lkeksj lkjk
nslokfl;ka uS psrkorka lkQ lkQ dfg;ks d vS vaxzst b.k eqyd uS ywV.k uS vk;k
gS vj ywV fj;k gSA
150
dkt;h
egyt ywV.k eksdk p<~;k lq.;k paxstA

ywV.k >waik ykyph bc vk;k vaxzstA
'kadjflag lkeksj rkS [kqn jS xkae ckscklj x< eka; vaxzstka jk nqleh Vhiw
lqyrku uS lj.k ns; nh gh ft.k dkj.k vaxzstka x< rksika lwa mM+k; fn;ks gks vj
lwjteYy ehl.k jS ?kj jh fuykeh djk; nh ghA jktLFkakuh jk kafrdkjh dfo
dsljhflag ckjB rkS nslfgr [kqn jS csVs tekbZ vj NksVs HkkbZ rhuka uS bZ >ksad fn;k
gkA iNS tokau csVs izrkiflag uS fczfVl ljdkj tS eka; nq[k ns; lark; u ekj
Ugkaf[k;kSA vS lSax Dysl >syrka Fkdka bZ jktLFkkuh jk dfo;ka vj lkfgrdkjka
fczfVl lRrk jS lkeh vM+.k fHkM+.k eka; deh uh jk[khA mnSiqj egkjka.kk tn ykMZ
dtZu jS Qjeku jS eqrkfcr 1904 jk nhYyh njckj eka; tko.k jh fopkjh tn
dsljhflag th mokaus [kqn jS lueku jh ;kn fnjkorka Fkdka psrkouh jk pqaxfV;k
fy[k uS Hksft;k ft.k uS if<;ka iNS egkjka.kk uS [kqn jkS fopkj cn.kkS ifM+;kS vj
oS jsy xkMh lwa mrj uS ikNk esgyka eka; tk; iwxkA
fde gkyS dq jka.k gjd lkgka gafd;kA
ufj;an lg utjka.k >qd djlh ljlh ftdkA
eku eksn lhlksn jktfurh c jk[k.kkSA
xksjesaV jh xksn Q ehBk nhBk QrkA
dsljhflagth jS c[kr jk bt dfo mejnkau th ykl bZ t.kS t.kS eka;
ilfj;ksM+k dqjhrka vj fclu jkS ?kksj fojks/k rkS dfj;ks bt gkS lkFkS lkFkS vaxzstka jh
dqihrka uS bZ HkkaMh ghA T;wa&
vaxzst eqqyd nkc.k vMS+ vj vS tqvka lwa vkFkMS+A
mejnkauth ykl jh vS vksf;ka veyh uS vksckS rkS nsos bt gS i.k
vaxzstka jh dqVk;ka uS bZ pksMS+ ykos gSA b.k bt Hkkar jktLFkkauh jk ukaeh txkkm
dfo x.kslhyky O;kl mLrkn bZ feu[k tkr eka; lksl.k vj Hksn Hkko lwa yM+rk
fj;k lkFkS lkFkS tue Hkkse [kkrj ekFkk nso.k jh dqjckfu;ka jh vy[k txkbZA
ekFkk ns.kk iM+lhA
eqyd uS eksV;
~ kjka ekFkk ns.kk iM+lhA
ns'k uS fnok.kk ekFkk ns.kk iM+lhA
vkoks vikajks ns'k mckjkaA
Hkkjr eka jkS Hkkj mrkjkaA
ekFkk ns; ukd cpkokaA
Hknz;kjka ekFkk ns.kk iM+lhA
76
151
mLrkn dye jS c feu[kka etwjka] djlka vj xkesfr;ka eka; mej Hkj

tkxj.k jkS vy[k txkork fj;kA ft.k jkS lckS gfFk;kj jktLFkkauh Hkklk ghA
mLrkn jS nkbZ bt djlka etwjka jk ow jSaornkau dfYir bZ badykc jh vka/kh xk;
xk; vktknh jkS mn~?kksl djrk fj;kA
va/kkj ?kksj vka/kh izpaM vk /kqvka /kksj /kao /kao djrh!
vkoS gS mj eSa vkx fy;ka egyka x< dksVka uS <grh!
b.k Hkkar jktLFkkauh Hkklk t.kS t.kS eka; vktknh jkS vy[k txko.k jkS
[kkl lk/ku cf.k;ksM+h jhA dksjk lkfgr ;k dfoljka eka; bt uh i.k t.kS t.kS jk
daBka eka; jfe;ksMk+ yksd xhrka eka; bZ jktLFkkauh Hkklk vktknh jkS muekn txkorh
jsbZ gSA gksh fnokh jk xhrka eka; bZ vktknh jks mQka.k Hkdk djSA
vkmoks uS vklksi /kf.k;ka eksfr;ka jh ekk jSA
Ckkjs Ugka[kkS dwafp;ka rksM+kokS rkk jS d >xM+kS vknfj;kS!
vkS fonzksgh xhr vktknh jh vkxhoka.k Qkstka jkS vkmok ekFkS dCtkS gkso.k
jkS c[kka.k djS gS rkS dBsbZ yksd xhr esokM+ jk jk.kk uS vaxzsth pkyka lwa lkopsr
jso.k jh ckr djS gSA
,;ka fl;kj jsVk;j gks; esok<+ vkos jSA
Fkkjh vka[;ka /kwM+ uka[k /ku ys; tkos jSA
ryokjka rksika jS cG rkt jsX;k jSA
lR;kxzg jh ck< esa vaxzst cs;X;k js!
vc rks psr jS psr esokM+h jk.kk Fkwa
dBS lwrkS jS d vc rkS psr jS!
b.k Hkkar jktLFkkauh Hkklk fczfVl geykojka jS b.k eqyd eka; n[ky lwa
iSyk bZ vktknh jkS mn~?kksl dfj;kS vj t.kS t.kS eka; vktknh jh vy[k txkbZA
ppp
aaph ikslk eka;

vaxzsth bu gkbZ Ldwy jkS mFkyks
eksgu nkl djepan xka/kh
EgSa iSyk fy[k fn;ks gS d tn EgkjkS C;ko gq;kS gkS m.k c[kr EgS gkbZ Ldwy
eka; i<rkS gkSA Egsa rhuwa bZ HkkbZ vsd bt Ldwy eka; i<rk gkA Egkjk lwa eksVksMk+ Egkjk
lwa ?k.kk vkxS i<rk gkA vj ft.k jkS C;kao EgkjS lkFkS lkFkS gq;kS gkS oks Egklwa vsd
ikVh /kdS gkSA C;kao ykjS Egka rhuw Hkk;ka jkS vsd cjl vdkjFk x;kSA Egkjk HkkbZ
eak; rkS ?k.kh HkwaMh gqbZA C;ko iNS mokajh ikslk NwVxhA Ikjekrek tka.kS gS d C;kao
ykjS ?k.kk eksfV;kjka uS ?k.kk fc[kk Hkksx.kk iMSA+ i<kbZ vj C;ko rkS dksjk fganqoka eka;
bt vsdS lkFkS pky ldS gSA
i.k Egkjh i<kbZ pkyrh jsbZA gkbZ Ldwy ek;a EgSa BksBka eka; uh xh.khtrkS gkSA
i<kof.k;ka Egklwa gjesl gsr jk[krk gkA gj cjl ekbrka [kuS Vkcjka jk i<kbZ vj
pky py.k ckcr ijok.kk iwxrk gkA b.k ijoka.kk eka; EgkjS lk: i<kbZ vj pky
py.k ckcr dnsb [kksV uh fudkhthA nwth ikVh iNS rkS buke bZ fef;k gkA
vj nl :fi;k eb.kkS nhB Nk=o`fr bZ feh ghA b.k Nk=o`fr fe.k eka; Egkjh
dwaor jS ctk; rdnhj enn ?k.kh jk[khA vs Nk=o`fr;ka lkjk Vkcjka lk: uh gh
iNS m.k tekuS eka; pkhl ipkl Vkcjka eka; lksjB ijxus jk Vkcj ?k.kk uh gkA
Egkjh ;kn eqtc EgaS [kqn uS ?k.kh yk;dh okks uh ekurkS gkSA Nk=o`fr
ferh t.kS vpwackS gksorkS gkSA i.k gka [kqn jS pky py.k jkS EgSa ?k.kkS /;ku jk[krkS
gkSA tS dnsbZ pky py.k eka; fNfU;d pwd y[kkorh t.kS EguS jkst vk; tkorkSA
tS dnsbZ dksbZ vsM+kS dkae EgkjS gkFkka gks; tkorkS d ft.k [kkrj xq:th jkS vksckS
lq.k.kkS iM+ tk vk ckr Egkalwa uh [kehtrhA EguS ;kn gS d vsdj EgSa ekj bZ [kkbZ
ghA Ekkj [kko.k jkS rkS EguS ?k.kkS jat uh gkS i.k EgSa naM jkS Hkkxhnkj gq;kS b.k [kkrj
?k.kkS iNrkokS gq;kSA EgSa ?k.kk vkalwM+ka lwa vkaf[k;ka fHkuksbZA vk ckr iSyh dk nwth
Dykl jh gSA m.k c[kr tksjkcth ,Mythxheh gsMV~lkc gq;k djrk gkA oS
Vkcjka jk ?k.kk gsrkw gkA oS fu;eka vj dqjc dk;nS jkS ?k.kh l[rh lwa ik.k
77
aph ikslk eka;
153
djkorkA iNS i<kbZ pks[kh djkorkA aaph Dykl lk: oS fdsV vj dljr
t:jh ekurk gk lkS Ldwy eka; fu;e lwa t:jh dj fn;kSA i.k EgkjkS eu b.k eka;
uh ykxrkSA vkS fu;e cf.k;ka iSyk EgSa dnsbZ dksbZ QqVcky ;k dljr jS ?kaVS eka; uh
x;kSA b.k uh tko.k jkS vsd dkj.k EgkjkS >saiwi.kkS bZ gkSA vk rkS geS le> vkoS d
dljr dj.k uS uh tko.kkS vsd eksVh Hkwy ghA m.k c[kr rkS vsM+k [kksVk fopkj gk
d dljr jkS i<kbZ law dha xUukS uh gSA vk rkS iNS le> vkbZ d dljr bZ ljhj
[kkrj mrht t:jh gS ftrjh fga;S eka; Kku jh t:jr gSA i.k b.k BkSM+ EguS vk
ckr dso.kh pkbtS d dljr dj.k uS uh tko.k lwa EguS dha ?k.kkS uqDlk.k uh gq;kSA
b.k jkS vsd dkj.k gkSA EgSa fdrkcka eka; if<;ks gkS d [kqyh gok eka; ?kwe.kkS pks[kkS
gksoSA vk ckr EguS nk; vkbZ ft.k lwa Egkjh ?kwe.k uS tko.k jh ftdh vknr iM+xh
gh ok vkt rd gSA ?kwe.kkS bZ vsd Hkkar jh dljr gS ft.k jS ika.k EgkjkS Mhy dha
<kS gSA v:fp jkS nwtkS dkj.k gkS firkth jh lsok dj.k jh gwalA Ldwy jh NqVh
gksorka bZ iSyk ?kjS iwx u firkth jh lsok eka; ykxrkS gkSA tn Ldwy eka; dljr
t:jh gks;xh t.kS firkth jh lsok eka; fo?ku iM+.k ykx x;kSA EgSa b.k [kkrj
vjnkl djh d Egkjk firkth jh lsok [kkrj EguS dljr lwa NwV fe.kh pkbtSA
i.k fxeh lkgc D;wa NwV nsork\ vsd lfupj okj jk ijHkkrka Ldwy jh c[kr ghA
flaT;kjk pkj cft;ka dljr [kkrj ikNkS ckdkS dj.kkS gkSA vkHkS eka; cknka jS
dkj.k lwa EguS c[kr jkS vankt uh fj;kSA ?kM+h Egk [kuS gh dks;uhA Ckknka lwa EguS
/kks[kkS gks; x;kSA EgSa dljr lk: iwxkS ftrjS lSax NqVh dj uS x;k ijkA nwtS fnu
fxeh lkc gktjh ns[kh ft.k eka; EgSa xSj gkftj gkSA EguS dkj.k iwNhft;kSA EgSa gqbZ
T;wa crk;nhA i.k fxeh lkc Egkjh ckr lkp uh ekuh vj Egk ekFkS vsd dk nks;
vkuka jkS tqjekukS yxk; fn;kSA EguS b.k ckr jkS v.kwrkS larki gq;kS d EgS >wBkS
ekuhft;kSA geS dhadj lkfcr djrkS d EgSa >wBks uh gwaA EgS jks;ks vj le> x;kS d
lkp cksyf.k;S uS lr jS iFk gkyf.k;s uS xkfQy uh jso.kkS pkbtSA Egkjh i<kbZ jS
c[kr vk Egkjh iSyh vj NsM+yh Hkwy ghA iNS EguS b;wa ;kn vkoS gS d vkS
tqjekuks EgSa ekQ djk; fn;kS gkSA
vk[kj dljr lwa NqVdkjkS fef;kS tn firkth jS gkFk fyf[k;ksMk+ s vsd
:dkS gsM ekV~lkc uS fef;kS d EgSa Vkcj uS Ldwy jh NqVh iNS Egkjh lsok [kkrj
[kuS jk[k.kkS pkma gwaA tn tk; u NqVh fehA dljr jh BkSM+ EgSa Vsgy.kkS tkjh
jkf[k;kS b.k dkj.k ljhj lwa esgur uh djko.k jh Hkwy jh ltk EguS uh Hkqxr.kh
iM+hA
154
dkt;h
i.k vsd nwth Hkwy jh ltk EgSa vkt rd Hkqxr fj;kS gwaA i<kbZ eka; vk[kj
QwVjk gkso.kk t:jh uh gS vkS maw/kkS fopkj Egka eka; Bkg uh dBk lwa vk; cfM+;kS
ftdkS BsV foyk;r rd uh fudf;kSA iNS n[k.kknS vhdk eka; tn odhyka jk
vj m.k BksM+ tk;k tufe;k eksfV;kjka jk eksrh tsM+k vk[kj nsf[k;ka v.kwrh ykt
vkorh ghA ?k.kkS iNrkikS gksorkS gksA vk EgkjS le> eka; vk;xh d fy[kkoV jkS
[kjkc gkso.kkS v/kwjh i<kbZ jh fulka.kh gSA iNS ykjkma EgSa vk[kj lq/kkj.k jk ?k.kkbZ
dki dfj;k i.k ikdS ?kM+S dn ekVh p<rh\ tokuh eka; ft.k ckr ekFkS fxukj
uh dfj;kS m.kuS vktrd bZ lq/kkj uh lfd;kSA Vkcj Vksh EgkjS b.k mnkgj.k lwa
psrS vj vk ckr fg;S mrkj ysos d pks[kk vk[kj fo/;k jk egrkm vax gSA vk[kj
lq/kkj.k lk: lqys[k dyk t:jh gSA EgaS rkS vk jk; jk[kwa d Vkcjka uS lqys[k dyk
iSyh lh[k yso.kh pkbtSA ft.k <ax lwa dksbZ pht cLr ;k i[ks: uS ns[k u Vkcj
m.kuS ;kn jk[kS vj vks[k u fprjkae mdsj ysos m.k bt Hkkar vk[kj fy[k.kk
lh[k ysos rks vk[kj eksrh tsM+k gks; ldS gSA b.k bt ikslkw c[kr jh nks; ckrka
b.k BksM+ fxukj dj.k tksx gSA C;kao jS ika.k ftdkS EgkjkS vsd cjl cjckn gq;kS gkS
m.k jh HkjikbZ dj.k jh lykg EguS Egkjk xq:th /kdyh Dykl eka; dj.k jh jk;
nh ghA esgurh Vkcjka uS dksbZ dkj.k lwa NwVksM+h Dykl jh HkjikbZ dj.k jh btktr
m.k fnuka ferh ghA rkS Egs N% eb.kk eka; rhth ikj iVd uS mukS jh NqfV;ka
iSyk gkso.k okk bfEr;ku lwa iSyk pkSFkh eka; vk; x;kSA m.k c[kr pkSFkh lwa dha
ckrka vaxzsth eka; i<kbtrh ghA i.k vaxzsth EgkjS iYyS uh iM+hA pkSFkh lwa bt
js[kk xf.kr vj teh isekblh jh i<kbZ l: gksorh ghA iSyh ckr rkS EgSa m.k eka;
ykjS gkS iNS le> eka; bZ dha uh vkorkSA teh isekblh jk ekV~lkc rkS ?k.kkS bZ
lko le>kork gk i.k EgkjS dha iYyS uh iM+rksA ?k.kh okj rkS eu/kks[kkS gksorkS d
vsdS lkFkS nks; Dyklka jh i<kbZ ewa?kh iM+xhA tS ikNkS rhth ek; tkma ijkS rkS Bhd
jsosykA i.k b.k lwa rkS Egkjh ckr fcxM+ tkorh vj ftdk ekV~lkc Egkjh esgur
ekFkS HkjkslkS dj uS njtkS c/kko.k jh flQkfjl djh gh mokajh jh ckr bZ fcxM+rhA
Lkks b.k ckr uS NksM.kh iM+hA i.k esgur dj u ;wfDyM jS rsjgoSa ijpS rd iwxkS
t.kS Bkg iM+h d js[kk xf.kr vj cht xf.kr rkS lko lksjh i<kbZ gSA ft.k ckr
eka; cq/k uS lh/kS lc[kS <ax lwa dke yso.kh gksoS m.k eka; nksjkbZ jkS dabZ dkeA b.k
jS iNS rkS xf.kr Egk lk: lko lksjh i<kbZ gks;xhA laLd`r EguS js[kk xf.kr lwa bZ
nksjh ykxrh ghA js[kk xf.kr rkS jV.k jh t:jr uh gh i.k laLd`r rkS Egkjh nhB lwa
dksjh jVar Hk.kkbZ bt ghA vk i<kbZ pksFkh lwa l: gksorh gh i.k NBh Ekka; tkorka
tkorka rkS EgkjkS eu gkj x;kSA laLd`r jk ekV~lkc v.kwrk [kjk vj lkpk feu[k
78
aph ikslk eka;
155
gkA Vkcjka uS ?k.kkS vsdS lkFkS i<ko.k jkS mokauS yksHk jsorkS gkSA laLd`r vj Qkjlh
fcpS vsd Hkkar jh gksM jsorh ghA Qkjlh jk eksyoh lkc FkksM+kd daok feu[k
gkA Vkcj vkilh eka; ckrka djrk gk d Qkjlh lh[k.kh lksjh gS vj eksyoh lkc
bZ Hkyk feu[k gSA dkj.k d yM+dk ftrjkS ;kn djS mrjS lwa bt fuHkk; ysoSA b.k
ckr lwa EguS yksHk vk; x;kS vj EgSa vsd fnu lk: Qkjlh jh Dykl eka; tk;
cSBkSA laLd`r jk xq:th uS b.k lwa larki gq;kSA oS EguS cqyk; uS le>k;kS d HkbZ
FkksM+ks d fopkj dj Fkwa csVks fd.k jkS gS\ [kqn jS /kje jh Hkklk Fkwa i<.kh uh tka.kSA
FkkjS dabZa le> eka; nksjks vkorkS gksoS rkS Fkwa EguS crkA EgSa lkjk Vkcjka uS pks[kh
laLd`r i<ko.kh pkma gwaA vkxs tk; u b.k eka; jl jk ?kwafV;k fesykA EgSa ljelkj
gks; mckS fj;kSA xq:th jkS gsr Hkfj;kS vksckS vkaf[k;ka ekFkS fy;kSA vj vkt
Egkjh vkrek xq: dìk'kadjth jkS ?k.kkS vsglku ekuS d laLd`r EgSa m.k fnuka
ftrjh i<h mrjh ts uh i<rkS rkS vkt laLd`r jk xzaFkka jkS ftdkS lokn ys; fj;kS gwa
m.k jk HkVdk vkorkA dg.kkS iM+syk d EguS b.k ckr jkS ?k.kkS /kks[kkS vkoS d EgS
laLd`r cnrh D;wa uh i<hA /kdS tk; uS rkS EgkjS fg;S eak; cSBxh d fganqoka jk
Vkcjka uS laLd`r jkS [kklkS HkykS Kku gkso.kkS t:jh gSA
geS rkS EgkjkS eku.kkS gS d Hkkjr eka; aph i<kbZ jS ijoka.kS ek;M+ Hkklk jS
lkFkS fganh laLd`r vjch Qkjlh vj vaxzsth jS lk: bZ tkxk gkso.kh pkbtSA i<kbZ
eka; brjh Hkklkoka jh fx.krh lwa fd.kuS bZ Mj.k jh t:jr uh gSA ts fo/kh fo/kku
lwa Hkklkoka i<kbZ tkoS vj lkjh i<kbZ vaxzsth lwa gkso.k jS dkj.k ftdkS Hkkj vkaika
ekFkS gS oks uh gksoS rkS lSax Hkklkoka i<rka fd.kuS bZ Hkkj uh y[kkosykA i.k moka eka;
jl vkosykA Ckkr rkS vk gS d dksbZ vsd Hkklk ts <axkS <ax lh[kh tkoS rkS nwth
Hkklkoka erS bZ le> vk;ka tkosykA Lkkph iwNkS rkS fganh xqtjkrh laLd`r vs lkjh
vsd Hkklk bt ekauht.kh pkbtSA Qkjlh gkykafd laLd`r T;wa gS vj vjch fgczw jS
T;wa gS i.k vs nksuka bZ Hkklkoka bLyke jS iNS iuih gSA b.k [kkrj b.k nks;ka eka;
lxki.kkS gSA mM+nw uS EgSa U;kjh Hkklk uh ekuw D;wa d b.k jkS O;kdj.k fganh jS usM+kS gS
vj b.k jk lcn vjch Qkjlh lwa gSA pks[kh mM+nw tk.k.k lk: vjch Qkjlh
tk.k.kh t:jh gSA b;wa bZ le>ykS d pks[kh fganh xqtjkrh caxkyh ejkBh tk.k.k
lk: pks[kh laLd`r jh tk.kdkjh t:jh gSA
ppp
jtk vc[kkbZ vj mdjkl

jtk dab gS\ dke dj.k jh dwaor uS jtk dSoS gSA T;wa vaxzsth eka;
dSoS gS d , izkijVh vkQ n flLVe nsV ,uscy odZ bt ,ujthA b.k
nhB lwa feu[k ns[kS lq.kS [kkoS ihoS gkyS fQjS Hkkj m[k.kS lkal ysoS vBkrd d lkspS
fopkjS b.k lasax dkaek eka; jtk pkbtSA fcuk jtk dksbZ dke ikj uh iMSA+ jksVh
lsd.k lwa ys; u gksfr;ks dj.k rd vj tq/k lwa ys; u lkfUr okjrk rd lkjk
dke dj.k uS jtk jh t:jr gSA iNS ekuyka d dksbZ dha uh dj fj;kS gS lkal bZ
uh ys; fj;kS gS vsdh BkSM+ ifM+;kS gS vj thorkS tho bZ uh gS dksbZ Vks ifM+;kS gS
i.k m.k eka; jtk ekStwn gSA dhadj\
ckr vk gS d pkan rkjk eksVj xkMh elhu nksM+rkS thorkS feu[k ftukoj jS
T;wa ftdk pyk;eku gS moka eka; pky.k okh jtk ;kfu xfrt jtk gSA b.kuS
dkbusfVd ,ujth dSoS gSA vj ftdh phtka vsdh BkSM+ iM+h gS m.k eka; fLFkj
jtk gS m.kuS iksVsfUl;y ,ujth dSoS gSA xf.kr lwa xfrt jtk jkS ys[kkS
b1@2 ,e oh2 gS vj fLFkj jtk jkS ys[kkS b,e th ,p ekuhtSA b.k BkSM+
b&jtk lk: fy[khft;kS gS ,e & jtk/kkjh jh ek=k gS oh& jtk/kkjh jh
pky gS th& /kjrh jkS [khapko gS vj ,p& /kjrh jS dsUnz lwa jtk/kkjh jh NsVh jkS
uki gSA
b.k <ax lwa dksbZ fiaM eka; dqy jtk jk fLFkj vj xfrt vS nks; vax gSA
jtk jk vS nks; vax pkok foKkuh lj vkbtd U;wVu (1642&1727) jk
crk;ksM+k gSA b.k ika.k oS U;wVu jk pky jk fu;e ;kfu U;wVUl yk vkQ ekslUl
(1665&67) jh fx.krh djh ghA i.k b.k jS iNS /kdyk fnuka jk pkok foKkuh
vycVZ vkbalVkbu (1879&1955) [kqn jS lkis{kokn ;kfu F;ksjh vkQ
fjysVhohVh (1916) jS fl/kkUr jS ika.k b.k ckrka uS udkj nh vj oS fiaM jh jtk
jkS ys[kkS b,e lh2 crk;kSA b.k BkSM+ bZ jtk lk: fy[khft;kS gS ,e m.k fiaM jh
ek=k ;k Hkkj gS lh jksluh ;kfu izdkl jh pky gS ftdh vsd lsfdaM eka;
186000 ehy ;k rhu djksM+ fdyks ehVj gq;k djS gSA
79
157
b.k fglkc lwa izdkl jh pky lwa ts nksMS+ rkS gj vsd pht jtk eka;
cn tkosykA b.k Hkkar le> eka; vkoS d pjkpj txr eka; ftdh pht vka[k
lwa nhlS dku lwa lq.khtS vj gkFk yxko.k lwa lkaijrsd y[kkoS ok lkjh jtk gSA
rkS Hkkjr jk twuk lkL=ka eka; ftdh ijhHkklk czgek jh fn;ksM+h gS ok jtk jS ?k.kh
usM+h ykxSA b;wa le>yka d vkS lalkj jtk jkS cf.k;kS c.kk;kS :i gSA iNS vkS
ftrjk :i cnS oS lkjk jtk jk bt :i gSA rsfrjh; njl.k eka; c`g~ek foL.kq
egsl lkjka jkS lkaijrsd :i lwjt uS crk;ks gSA lwjt bt tue nsof.k;kS gS
ikf.k;kS gS vj foukl djf.k;kS gSA ckr vk gS d lksj eaM eka; ftrjh jtk
gS m.k jkS vsdevsd lkslZ ;k HkaMkj lwjt bt gSA
rkS fLFkj jtk jk :i fodjk rkjka lwa ys; uS NksVh /kjrh vj m.k ekFks
fc[kfj;ksM+h Bksl uhe.k phtka gSA b.k lSaxk eka; iksVsfUl;y ,ujth gSA iNS
xfrt jtk ;k dk;usfVd ,ujth uS feu[k ftukoj [kqn jS laosnh ra= lwa
vks[kS gSA ijek.kqoka jkS la;kstu Bksl xSl vj nzo inkjFk gS ftdka eka; fLFkj
jtk gS vj ijek.kqoka jkS fo[kaMu ;k x.k xfrt jtk gSA
tn ijek.kqoka eka; xfr vkoS tn rki ;k xjeh fuitSA Rkki jtk jkS
tkf.k;kS ispkf.k;kS :i gSA xjeh feu[k jS ljhj jh xjeh lwa ?k.kh ;k derh gksoS
rkS feu[k ftukoj m.kuS vks[k ysoSA vk xjeh ?k.kh gksoS t.kS izdkl jkS :i ys;
ysoSA m.kuS feu[k ftukoj vkaf[k;ka lwa vks[kSA jksluh jk U;kjk U;kjk jax jtk
jh rjaxka jh xfr vj ysgjka jh yEckbZ jS ika.k gSA geS ts jtk jh vS ysgjka dksbZ
Bksl nzo ;k xSl eka; gx djS rkS b.k lwa /kqfu ;k vkokt fuitSA /kqfu xjeh
jksluh uS Vk u jtk jkS rhtkS :i gSA b.kuS feu[k vj ftukoj vkijk dkuk lwa
vj LilZ lwa vks[kSA b.k rhu :ika uS Vk uS jtk jS vsd pksFkkS U;kjkS :i
pqEcdi.kkS gSA ft.k jkS vjFk gS d fcuk dksbZ pht uS vM+k;ka fHkM+k;ka nwth dksbZ
pht uS [khap yso.khA b;w arkS vkS xq.k /kjrh eka; gS d ok lkjh phtka uS [kqn jS
dsUnz jh fnl [khapS gSA b.k dkj.k lwa bt mapkbZ lwa dksbZ pht NwVS rkS ok teh ekFkS
vk; iMS+A i.k yksg tkr jh dha /kkrqoka gS tdh izd`fr eka; yksg jS vkDlkbM vj
nwtk :ika eka; feS gS ftdh d yksg uS vj fudy ksfe;e tSMh+ yksg tkr jh
/kkrqoka uS vkijh fnl fcuk vM+k;ka fHkM+;ka [khapS vj /kdSySA Ykksg eka; vkS xq.k
pqEcdi.kkS dghtSA iNS dabZ gS d b.k pqEcd jh laxr lwa vj fctyh jS djaV
jS vlj lwa dkpkS yksg bZ pqEcd c.k tkoSA vsM+h /kkrqoka eka; b.k xq.k jkS dkj.k bZ
ijek.kqoka jkS la;kstu gSA pqEcd jk nks; /kzqo gq;k djS gSA ft.k jkS vjFk gS d ts
pqEcd uS gok eka; fcuk jksd yVdkoka rkS m.k jkS vsd ewaMkS /kzqo fnl dkuh vj
158
dkt;h
nwtksM+kS ewaMkS n[k.kknks jsosykA b.k Hkkar vsM+k nksuka bZ ewaMk pqEcd jk mrj vj
nf{k.k /kzqo ;kfu uksFkZ vj lkmFk iksy dghtSA pqEcd jk vS /kzqo ;k iksy [kqn jS
pk:aesj vnhB c js[kkoka bZ jk[kS gSA vkS jtk jkS vsd U;kjkS :i gSA fctyh
jk lkjk ljktke b.k jS ika.k bt ikj iM+S gSA vka c js[kkoka jS eka; dksbZ pkyd
/kkrq jkS rkj vk?kkS ikNkS dj.k lwa bZ fctyh fuit tkoSA pkyd /kkrq pkanh rkackS
vj jkaxkS tSM+h /kkrqoka uS dSoS ftdka eka; fctyh lksjh lksjh nkSM+ ldSA RkkS jtk
jkS vkS ikapokSa :i fctyh gSA fctyh dha jlk;fud phtka jS vkilh gses lwa
bZ fuit ldS gSA fcj[kk jk cknka jh vkiljh jxM+ lwa bZ fctyh fuitS gSA
ftdh rfM+r fctyh cktS gSA fctyh jh dqpkyd phtka uS vkiljh eka; jxM+.k
lwa bZ fctyh fuit tkoS ft.k uS fLFkj fctyh dSoS gSA T;wa ckka eka; dkaxlh
Qsjrka dkaxlh eka; fctyh Hksh gks; tkoS ft.k lwa ckkaa lwa fp.kxkfj;ka QwVrh
nhlSA fctyh jtk jkS lclwa lc[kkS :i gSA b.k uS ;kaf=d] jksluh] /kqfu]
pqEcd vj rki lkjk :ika eka; cn uS lksjks lksjks t:jr ekQd dke fy;kS tk
ldSA vj vsdh BkSM+ lwa nwth BkSM+ pkyd rkjka jS ika.k iqxkbZ tk ldSA jtk jkS
vsd :i ijek.kq jtk gS ftdh dksbZ ;wjsfu;e ;k Fkksfj;e tSM+h Hkkjh /kkrq jS
ijek.kq fo[kaMu lwa ;k gkbMkstu jS ijek.kqoka jS x.k lwa fuitSA ijek.kq jS
fo[kaMu ;k x.k lwa rki ;k xjeh fuitS ft.k jS ika.k fctyh fuitkbZ tk ldSA
vj dksbZ foukldkjh foLQksV bZ fd;kS tk ldSA jtk jk vS N% :i feu[k jS
pk:aesj izd`fr eka; ekstwn gS ftdka uS feu[k dkedkt lk: cjrS vj nwtk thoka
jh thok tw.k jkS xkMkS xqM+dSA i.k feu[k lekt eka; vkfFkZd <kaps jS dkj.k
jtk jh [kjhn nkjh vj fch djhtSA rkS jtk jh fcdkm tkr uS fcdkm ;k
dkeflZ;y jtk dSoSA iNS dabZ gS d izd`fr feu[k vj thoka uS thorks jSo.k
jkS gd eqQ~r eka; bZ cfXl;kS gS lks ?k.kh jtk feu[k tho vj ouLifr;ka uS
ewQr eka; fe tkoS T;wa lwjt jkS rkoM+kS ft.k jS ika.k lkjh ouLifr;ka jS Hkkstu jkS
cUnkscLr gksoS gS vj vS bt ouLifr;ka nwtk thoka jS Hkkstu lk: dke vkoS gSA
ckn c.k u fcj[kk jkS gkso.kks bZ lwjt jS rkoMS+ lwa ikj iMS+ gSA iNS b.k lwa fuit.k
okh lkjh phtka /kku Nk.kk mik lhe jh ydM+h [ksrh jkS lwM+A vS lkjh phtka
feu[k cjlka lwa dke ys; fj;kS gSA b.k jkS eksy uh nso.kkS iMS+A b.k Hkkar jh ftdh
fcuk eksy jh jtk gS m.kuS mBkm jtk ;kfu uku dkeflZ;y jtk ds; ldkaA
rkS cjrht.k okh jtk jh nks; tkrkaa gqb fcdkm vj mBkmA b.k jS iNS bZ feu[k
[kqn jS ljhj jh [kir lwa [kqn jS c dksbZ dke ikj iVdS rkS ok eku[kh jtk
gqbZA vj dksbZ dke lk: <ksj <ka<k uS dke ysoS rkS ok ilq jtk gqbZA i.k feu[k
Je vj ilq Je jkS bZ cksikj gksoS gS lks vk fcd.k okh tho jtk cktSA
80
159
b.k Hkkar jh ft.k bZ :i eka; ftrjh jtk lksjeaM vj /kjrh EkkFkS gS

m.k jkS vsdevsd Jksr lkslZ lwjt gSA nwtk lkjk HkaMkj lwjt lwa Hksh dfj;ksM+h
jtk jk mi HkaMkj gSA ;kfu lclkslZ gSA b;wa le>yka d lwjt vsd eksVks
fctyh?kj gSA ft.k jS ika.k /kjrh ekFkS vj lksj eaM eka; NksVh eksVh csVfj;ka
pktZ gksorh jsoAS HkykabZ ok dks;ys jh [kka.k gksokS vj HkykabZ irk rsy ;kfu isVksy
jkS osjkSA gka vk ckr gS d b.k pkftZax eka; c[kr ?k.kkS ykfx;kSA dksbZ lrkbl lwa
rhl djksM+ cjl ykxS gS dks;ys jh [kka.k c.k.k eka; vj brjkbZ cjl isVksy ;k
irk rsy fuit.k eka; ykx tkoSA vsd :a[k uS lwjt lwa jtk Hksh dj.k eka;
iwjh mej ykx tkoS ft.k jh ydM+h uS lwfd;ka iNS feu[k ?kaVs Hkj eka; ck uS
iwjh djnSA
rkS vkS lwjt b.k /kjrh lwa lclwa uSM+ks vsd fcpyh uki jkS rkjks gSA b.k jkS
ckjyks pedrkS ?ksjkS 14 yk[k (1392000) fdyks ehVj O;kl jkS gSA vj dsanz jha
ccrh xqVyh pkj yk[k (4000000) fdyksehVj O;kl jh gSA /kjrh lwa b.k jkS
vkarjkS lok uo djksM+ ehy ;k iujS djksM+ (149600000) fdyksehVj gSA vkS
uki xf.kr lwa 14-96 xq.kk 107 fd-eh- fy[khtS gSA i.k b.k jh fodjkrk jkS
vankt b;wa yxk;kS tk ldS gS d vsd lsfdaM eka; rhu yk[k fdyksehVj jh pky
lwa nkSM+.k okh jksluh uS lwjt lwa /kjrh ekFkS iwx.k eka; lok vkB feuV jkS c[kr
ykx tkoSA b.k lwa bZ vkxS b.k fcdjkrk uS le>.k jkS vsd nwtkS rjhdks vkS gS d
ekuyka dksbZ feu[k tknw ;k flh lwa [kwn jh vkaxh ykach dj j lwajt jS vM+k;
nS rkS r; gS d vkaxxh c tkosyk i.k vkaxh jS c.k jh [kcj uS ljhj jS
laosnu ra= jS ika.k ext rd iqx.k eka; vsd lkS lkB cjl ykx tkosykA feu[k
jS laosnu ra= jh xfr vsd lsfdaM nhB lkS QqV nkSM+.k jh gSA rkS lkSj eaM jS
eqf[k;k lwjt jkS MhyMksy bZ brjkS bt fodjk gSA ?kuRo /kjrh lwa FkksMk+ sd gdkS
gS i.k vkdlZ.k lxfr ;k f[kapko c eka; vBkbl xq.kks cnrkS gSA vj otu
rSrhl gtkj xq.kk cnrks gSA lwjt jkS otu 1-99 xq.kk 1030 fdyksxzke gSA b.k BkSM+
xf.kr jh Hkklk eka; ikap vkad eka; fyf[k;ksMk+ S otu cksypky jh Hkklk eka; chl
vjc la[k Vu gSA chl vjc la[k Vu vk la[;k fdrjh eksVh gS b.k jkS vankt b;wa
yxk;kS tk ldS gS d dksb feu[k vsd feuV eka; ts nks; lks rd fx.krh cksys vj
fcuk ukxk cksfy;ka tkoS rkS m.kuS chl vjc la[k cksy.k eka; lkS la[k cjl ykx
tkosykA vsd la[k gtkj [kjc jS cjkscj gksoS gSA rkS vkS fcdjk lwjt ft.kjS
ckjyS [kksf;S jkS rki N% gtkj fMxzh lsaVhxzsV (6000 lsa) gS vj eka;yh xqVyh jkS
rki Mks< djksM+ fMxzh lsaVhxzsV (15000000 lsa) rd iwx tkoSA b.k BkSM+ vk ckr
160
dkt;h
bZ lkoG le>.k jh gS d 6000 fMxzh lsa- ekFkS /kjrh ekFkS /kjrh jS nkc jS eqtc
lkjh phtka /kqavks ;k Hkki c.k tkosykA lkjh /kkrqoka mM+ tkosykA b.k fcdjk
/k/kdrS lwjt ft.k jS xkss jS [kksf;s eka; rsjg yk[k /kjfr;ka lek; ldS gSA vkS
/kjrh jS thok tw.k jkS vk/kkj gSA jtk jkS nkrk gS ft.k jS ika.k vUu ika.kh fcj[kk
chrkS vj eksVh ckr gS d pjkpj jkS tho.kks bZ ikj iMS+ gSA iNS vkS /kjrh uS
fdrjh jtk jkst nsoS gS vkS fglkc bZ ns[k.kkS pkbtSA /kjrh EkkFkS fctyh ika.kh
xkfM;ka eksVjka [ksrh ckM+h lkjh phtka ekFkS dqy jtk jkS [kjpkS vsd cjl jkS 4
xq.kk 1020 twy gS ;kfu lok djksM+ (12600000) esxk okV gS i.k lwjt nsoS
fdrjh gS\ lwjt /kjrh uS cjl Hkj yxsrxs vsd [kjc (95000000000) esxk
okV ;kfu 3 xq.kk 1024 twy dqy jtk ns; fj;kS gSA b.k jkS vjFk vkS gq;kS d
ftrjkS [kjpks gS m.klwa nl gtkj xq.kk jtk cnrh ns; fj;kS gSA vjcka cjlka lwa
ns; fj;ks gS vj vjcka cjlka rd nsorkS jsosykA /kjrh jkS jtk HkaMkj HkjrkS
jsosykA lwjt ckcr l:vkrh ?k.kh [kkst dj.k jkS tl vejhdk jk foKkuh ,lih- ysUXyh (1834&1906) uS fn;kS tkoS gSA
feu[k jh [kqn jh nhB lwa feu[k jh thokjh /kdko.k lk: isykS lwjt jkS
lc HkaMkj feu[k jkS ljhj gSA ft.kesa m.k jS ljhj lwa cnrkS m.k jkS ext gS ft.k
jS ika.k [kqn jS ljhj lwa cnrS c jkS dke ftukojka uS ik u ikj iVd fj;kS gSA
b.k Hkkar jtk jkS nwtkS lc HkaMkj ilq jtk gSA vxuh lwa vks[kka.k jS iNS
feu[k xjeh jkS cUnkscLr chrs jS ika.k djrkS vk;kS gSA lks chrkS ;kfu lhe jh
lwdh ydM+h dks;yks irkrsy Nks.kk [ksrh jkS lwM+ feu[k lk: rhtkS jtk jkS
lc HkaMkj gSA Hkkjr eka; cjl nhB dksbZ lkB djksM+ Vu csdkj [ksrh jks lwM+ vj
lk[kka Mksdk ukjs jh rksikf;ka jkS Hksf;kS fuitS gS ft.k uS ck;ksekl ds;k djS gS
ft.k lwa fctyh c.kkbZ tkos rkS djhc flrj gtkj esxkokV ;kfu vkt jh Hkkjr jh
fctyh fuit jkS lbdk nhB lkB Vdk fctyh c.kkbZ tk ldS gSA uh rkS bZ Hkkjr
eka; ipiu Vdk lbdk nhB ijtk cklnh ck.k uS idko.k uS vj vsM+k bZ nwtk
dkae chrs ;kfu ck;ksekl lwa /kdk; fj;k gSA
lwjt jh xjeh jS ika.k ok;jkS xje gks; vBh mBh mMrkS jsoSA Okk;jS jh b.k
jtk uS iou jtk ukae fn;ksM+kS gSA lks ika.kh jk iky okk tgktka jh py.k iNS
uoeS vj nloSa lbdS lwa [kkl dj uS feu[k iou jtk lwa dke ys; fj;kS gSA
iou jtk lwa bjku eka; lkrosa lbds lwa iou pfd;ka pyk; ihl.ks jk lcwr
fes gSA baxys.M eka; 1185 bZLoh lwa g jS tksM+k tksM+ iou pDdh yxk; u
81
161
dke yso.kkS l: djhft;ks gkS vj 1665 bZLoh jh cf.k;ksM+h iou pDdh vkt bZ
pky jh gSA i.k iou pDdh jS c/kkiS jkS ?k.kkS dkae gkysaM ;k funjys.M eka;
gq;kSA 1450 bZLoh iNS uhnjys.M eka; ftdkS ekynkjh jS c/kkis jkS crwf;kS vk;kS
gkS ft.k jS ika.k nqfu;k jh iSyh lclwa /kuokau Mp bLV bafM;k eYVhuslu dEiuh
jkS tue gq;kS gkS m.k jkS [kkl dkj.k vS iou pfDd;ka ghA vka iou pfDd;ka lwa
1602 bZLoh eka; phuh ekVh /kku vj pkoG jh filkbZ djhtrh ghA b.k cUnkscLr
jkS tl Mp foKkuh csfYt;u jk lkbeu LVsfou (1548&1620) uS fn;kS tkoS
gSA lkbeu LVsfou iou pDdh lwa ihl.kkS] Hkkj [kkap.kkS] diM+ka jh [kMh
pyko.kks] rsy jkS ?kk.kkS pyko.kkS dkxt c.kko.k jkS tqxkM+ pyko.kks tsM+k lkjk
dke fd;k gkA vj lsoV iou lwa py.k okh xkMh ;kfu foaaM dkj bZ c.kkbZ gh
ftdh ?kksM+k lwa [kkFkh nkSM+rh ghA 1594 bZ- jk dksuy dkufyl twe uke jS
baftfu;j xks ?kqekbZ uS vkxS ykjS pky eka; cn uS vkjk elhu c.kkbZ gh ft.k lwa
ydM+h jk eksVk r[rk dkV uS ika.kh jk tgkt c.kko.kk lc[kk gks; x;kA m.k
tekuS eka; dksbZ nl gtkj iou pfDd;ka gkysaM eka; pyrh ghA b.k jS iNS
fcth jS vkfoLdkj jS ykjS ykjS iou jtk lwa fcth c.kko.k jkS bZ dke l:
gq;kSA MsuekdZ eka; 1915 bZ- rd dksbZ 3000 iou pfDd;ka fcth c.kkorh ghA
nwtS foLo ;q jS c[kr teZuh eka; 1250 fdyks okV fcth iou jtk lwa
fuitrh ghA lalkj jkS lclwa cM+kS iou tujsVj 3000 fdyks okV teZuh eka;
fft;u rV ekFkS ykxksM+kS gSA gekj gokb}hi jS vkgw Lgsj eka; 2002 bZ- rd
7300 fdyks okV jkS iou tujsVj yxko.k jkS dke gks; fj;kS gkSA iou jtk jkS
v[kwB HkaMkj gSA lwjt riSyk ftrjS dwaor jS eqtc iou jtk ferh jsosykA
Hkkjr eka; iou lwa fcth fuitko.k jh dqy dwaor dksbZ 135000 esxk okV gS
i.k vckj dksbZ 8&9 gtkj esxk okV fcth c.kkbZ tk jsbZ gSA jktLFkku jh iou
lwa fcth c.kko.k jh dwaor 5400 esxk okV dwarhtS gS i.k vtsrkabZ 1500&1600
esxk okV rd iwx lfd;k gkaA iou lwa lkQ lqFkjh fcuk [kjps jh fcth fe
ldS gS i.k iou pfDd;kS jh v.kwrh dher vj ?k.kh ij?kh [kqyh tkxk jh
t:jr b.k jh fuit eka; eksVh vc[kkbZ gSA vsd esxkokV jh iou pDdh jh
dher b.k c[kr N% djksM+ :fi;k vk; jh gSA i.k rksbZ Hkkjr iou lwa fcth
c.kko.k eka; ?k.kh rsth jk[kh vj vkt nqfu;k eka; teZuh] Lisu vj vejhdk jS
iNS Hkkjr jkS pkSFkkS uEcj gSA
iou jS nkbZ t bZ jtk jkS v[kwV HkaMkj gS vj lbdka lwa feu[k jS dke
vk; fj;kS gS v/;ksbfr;klw c[kr lwa (3000 bZLoh iSyk lwa 500 bZLoh iSyk)
162
dkt;h
dqackjka jh pkd ika.kh jS /kdS lwa pyko.k jk lcwr fef;k gSA ekslksiksVsfe;k
cschyksu lqesfj;u lH;rkoka eka; oVjohy jk vsyka.k gSA i.k oS b.k lwa dhadj
dke ysork gk vk vtS Bkg uh iM+hA rhtS lbdS bZlk lwa iSyk phu jk gsu jktdq
jS c[kr ika.kh jS /kdS lwa pDdh pyko.k uS /kkrq dwV.k uS ;kfu Qksjftax lk: vj
/kkrq HkV~Vh jh /kksad.kh pyko.k uS dke yso.k jk lcwr gSA twuS jksejkt jS c[kr
;wuku eka; ika.kh jS /kDdS lwa pDdh pyko.k jkS ?k.kkS dke fy;kS tkorkSA n[k.k&mxq.kS
kal jh vjysl uxjh eka; bfr;kl jkS lclwa eksVS ika.kh pDdS jS ika.k dkj[kuk
pyko.k jkS cUnkscLr gkSA ika.kh jh rkdr lwa m.k BkSM+ vsd jS ykjS vsd osork
lkss >j.kka jS ika.k lksS pfDd;ka lwa pksrkS jkS lkMh pkj Vu vkVkS jkst
ihlhtrkSA ika.kh pDdkS ;k okVj ohy jS dke eka; lkroSa lbdS eka; eqfLye Lisu
jk baftfu;jka ?k.kkS c/kkikS dfj;kSA mMka.k pDdkS ;kfu QykbZ ohy jS vkfoLdkj
vj m.k jh tksM+ lwa vkMkS vj mckS nksuka bZ <ax lwa osorS ika.kh jS vkMkS ca/kkS Bk; u
sad lkQV lkFkS /kqjh fxM+fxM+h ;k fx;j yxk; uS iwjk dkj[kkuk pkyrk gkA m.k
c[kr vkS vsd eksVS m|ksx jkS :i ys; fy;kS gkSA ika.kh jS tksj vj vsd Hkkar jS
Vjckbu jS ika.k diM+k ehy dkxn vj yksg jk dkj[kkuk bZ pkyrk gkA e/;
iwjc jk nslka vj mrjknS vhdk eka; bZ ty jtk lwa dke yso.k jh pyu ghA
b.k jS iNS vkBoSa lbdS lwa iujoS lbdS rd ;wjksi eka; bZ ty jtk lwa pkEcM+kS
deko.kkS] twV dwV.kh] vkjk elhu pyko.kh] vkstkjka jS /kkj p<ko.kh] [kfut
lj tsM+k dkeka jk eksVk dkj[kkuk pkyrk gkA Hkkjr eka; taxka lwa dfV;ksM+k
yV~Bka uS unh lwa osok; u Lgsjka rd iqxko.k jkS dke ty jtk jS ika.k djhtrkS gkS
oks vkt bZ gks; fj;ks gSA ty jtk uS fctyh esa cn.k jkS dke Vjckbu elhu
lwa gksoS gSA twuk t pDdka ;k okVj ohy jS iNS uoh Hkkar jS lc[kS Vjckbu jkS
iSykiSy isVs.V 1849 bZLoh jk ts-ch- safll (1815&1892) jh,Dlu lwa
pky.k okS Vjckbu jkS djk;ks gksA ft.kuS safll Vjckbu bZ dSoS gSA iNS 1889
bZLoh jk bEiYl Vkbi Vjckbu jkS isVs.V ,yu isYVu (1829&1918) djk;kS
gkSA b.k jS iNs foDVj dsIyku (1876&1937) dsIyku Vjckbu jkS isVs.V
djk;ks gkSA foLo eka; dkae vko.k okh dqy jtk jkS lsdM+k nhB lk<h N% Vdk
t lwa fe fj;ks gSA b.k fglkc lwa dksbZ lkr yk[k esxk okV jtk t lwa fe
jh gSA i.k t lalk/ku uS iwjkS dke fy;ka vkdwar jtk fe ldS gSA lalkj eka;
t jtk jh dqy xwatkbl vanktu vsd djksM+ esxk okV gS tn d b.k jh fuit
f[kerk djhc lk<h vkB yk[k esxk okV rd bt iwxh gSA vhdk eka; mBkjh
vkc gok izdjrh ns[krka Fkdka nqfu;k jks lclwa eksVks t jtk HkaMkj gSA nqfu;k
82
163
jh lbdk nhB rsbl Vdk t jtk vhdk eka; dwarhts gSA i.k m.k BkSM+ t
lalk/ku jkS fodkl f[kerk jkS lbdk nhB iujS Vdk bt gks; lfd;kS gSA
Hkkjr eka; vsfl;k Hkj eka; lclwa iSyk t fcth c.kko.k jkS dke
1897 bZLoh jk vkFkw.kS caxky jS nkftZfyax vj 1901 bZLoh eka; mkj iznsl jS
elwjh vj m.k iNS 1902 bZLoh jk djukVd jk floleqnze tkxk ekFkS lksus jh
[kka.k lk: vj 1902 jk bt rkfeyukMw vj dsjy eka; bZ t fcth?kj c.kk;
uS l: djhft;kS gkSA Hkkjr eka; t jtk fuit jh dqy 411 yk[k fdyks okV
xwatkbl dwarhts gSA vj gekj fcth jh dqy [kir jkS lbdk nhB Nchl Vdk
t jtk lwa fe fj;kS gSA t jtk jS fodkl lwa lhapkbZ fcth ck< cpko
vj dk iM+.k lwa cpko vka pk:a dkaek jkS vMka.k vsdS lkFkS Bk;kS tk ldS gSA
b.k c[kr Hkkjr eka; eksVh ufn;ka uS vkiljh eka; tksM+.k ekFkS ?k.kkS fopkj gks;
fj;kS gSA i.k unh ;k >j.kS ekFkS ca/kS lk: ?k.kh ij?kh tkxk vj m.k tkxk lwa
gVk;ksM+h cfLr;ka jh ikNh clkoV vj b.k ekFkS ykxf.k;kS ?k.kkS [kpksZ djhc
esxkokV nhB nl djksM+ :fi;k b.k jS fodkl eka; eksVh vc[kkbZ gSA iNS vsM+k
dkek lk:a jktuSfrd bPNk lxfr jh deh vj feu[kka jh v.kphrh gx bZ b.k
dke eka; eksVh vc[kkbZ gSA jktLFkkau esa ufn;ka >j.kk jh xrksbZ deh gS lks t
jtk jh xwatkbl jh dwar uh ftrjh gS i.k rkS bZ dqy [kir jkS lbdk nhB nl Vdk
;k 491 esxk okV fctyh t jtk lwa fe jh gSA
fcdkm jtk jkS vkt bZ dks;yks lclwa eksVkS HkaMkj gSA nqfu;k eka; jtk
fuitko.k jkS lSdM+k nhB 30 lwa 32 Vdk dke dks;ys jS ika.k ikj iM+ fj;ks gSA
dks;yks fctyh c.kko.k jS lkFkS lkFkS ?kjka eka; ri cklnh lk: rkS cjrhtS bt gS
i.k yksg xk.k lk:a /kkrq dkj[kkuka vj dpdM+k dkj[kkuka eka; jklk;fud [kkn
c.kko.k uS [kkl dPpkS eky gSA dks;ys jh iSnkbl foKkuh dksbZ 27 lwa 30 djksM+
cjl twuk egkcuka jk eksVk :a[kka lwa ekauS gS ftdk /kjrh jh gx lwa tehnkst
gks; x;kA iNS csdw jsr lkFkS irk eka; te x;kA irkw xjeh lwa c[kr
chfr;ka dks;ys jkS :i ys; fy;kSA ykjyk 8000 cjlka lwa eku[kkS vxuh lwa
vks[kka.k gq;ka iNS dks;ys uS ri cklnh dkj[kkauka lk: dke ys; fj;kS gSA 1800
bZLoh lwa dkj[kkuk gx lwa iSyk dks;yks mBkm jtk jS :i cjrhtrkS gkSA m.k
jS iNS mukS rkrkS dj uS ;wjksi eka; dkcZukbftax lwwa xSl c.kko.k ykxk ftdh baxysaM
eka; jlksbZ lwa dkj[kkuka rd dke vkorh ghA Hkkjr eka; bZ iSykiSy 1774 bZLoh jk
fcdkm dks;ys jh [kka.k [kksnhth ghA m.k lwa iSyk Hkkjr eka; bZ mBkm jtk jS :i
esa dke yhjhtrkS gkSA nqfu;k eka; dks;yks b.k eka; dkcZu jh ek=k vj dsyksjh
164
dkt;h
dwar jS fglkc lwa ikap Hkkar jkS feS gSA lsaxk lwa ?k.kh xehZ nsof.k;ks vssFksalkbV vj
iNS fcfeul fyXukbV dsuy dksy vj ihVdksy eka; <kks<k 90 lwa 35 Vdk
lbdk nhB dkcZu jh ek=k ekuhtS gSA Hkjr eka; fcfeul vj fyXukbV vS nks;
Hkkar jk dks;yk ?k.kdjk feS gS i.k FkksMk+ s ?k.kks vssFksalkbV b feS gSA fcfeul jh
rhu U;kjh tkr gS ftdh c.kkbZ tkoS vj iNS dke yh tkosA 1 dksfdax dks;yks 2
xsl dks;yks 3 LVhe dks;yksA jktLFkkau eka; fyXukbV dks;ys jkS iyka.kk chdkusj
vj fxfjy diwjM+h ckM+esj eka; [kklkS HkykS HkaMkj gSA b.k lwa vanktu 25000
esxkokV fcth 25 cjlka rd c.kkbZ tk ldS gSA Hkkjr eka; 600 ehVj /kjrh gsVS
irk rd vanktu 11950 djksM+ Vu dks;yks fe.k jh dwar gSA dk;ys jS c.k
lwa fuit.k okh xjeh lwa ika.kh rik; m.k lwa Hkki c.kkbZ tkoS vj Hkki jS nkc jS
ika.k pDdkS pyko.k jk vMka.k lwa b.k jh pky dke yhjhts vj dks;ys jh jtk
dke vkoSA Hkki jh rkdr ckcr bZlk jS iSyS lbdS lwa feu[k uS vks[kk.k ghA b;wa
fyf[k;ksM+ks feS gS d Hkki jh Qwad lwa nM+h uS v/kj dj u upko.k jh twuh
iksfFk;ka eka; Vhi gSA b.k jS iNS 16osa lwa 17osa lbdS rd vksVkseu vsEik;j jS tekus
eka; Hkki jS Vjckbu ckcr tk.kdkjh feS gSA i.k iSykiSy Hkki lwa pky.k okh
elhu ;kfu baftu c.kko.k jkS tl vsd vaxzst vkfoLdkjd dsfIVu Fkkel
lsosZjh (1650&1715) uS fn;kS tkos gS ft.k vsd vMka.k baftu iSykiSy 1698
bZLoh jk c.kk; uS m.k lwa [kka.k eka; Hkjhft;ksM+kS ika.kh iEi lwa ckjS [kkap.k jkS dke
dj crk;kSA b.k bt fnuka nsful ikfiu uke jS vsd vaxzst izslj dqdj c.kk; uS
Hkki jh rkdr dwarhA b.k jS iNS Fkkel U;wdksesu (1663&1729) ukae jS vsd
vaxzst yokj ftdkS iqjksfgri.kS jkS dke djrkS gkS lsosjh jS baftu esa FkksM+ks ?k.kkS lq/
kkj dj uS 1711&12 bZLoh jk flys.Mj uS B.Mks dj.k lk: ika.kh jS Qokajs jh
tqxr djh ghA bZLoh lu~ 1769&70 jk fudksyl tkslQ
s dsxukV (1725&1804)
Hkki lwa pky.k okh iSykiSy xkMh c.kkbZ ghA i.k Hkki jh elhu jkS iDdkS isVsaV
djk; lq/kkj u pyko.k jkS tl vsd LdksfLV vaxzst tsEl okV (1736&1819)
uS bLoh lu (1760&69&74&76) eka; fef;kSA tsEl okV jS baftu eka; csoM+h
pky ;kfu Mcy vsDlu fiLVu BaMks dj.k lk: U;kjkS d.MsUlj vj sadlkQV
jS lkFkS xouZj b yxk;kS gkSA baxys.M eka; m.k fnuka [kka.kk maMh dj uS eky
fudk.k jh ekax ?k.kh gh lks tsEl okV jh 450 lwa cslh elhuka dkj[kkauka vj
[kka.kk eka; ykx xh ghA dha fdrkcka eka; b;wa fyf[k;ksM+ks gS d Fkkel Y;wdksesu
jh elhu ejEer lk: tsEl okV [kuS ykb xbZ ft.k eka; dsbZ [kksVk;ka ghA m.kuS
lko lc[kh djrka m.k lkpkS baftu c.kk; fn;kSA b.k dkae eka; esF;wt cqYVku
83
165
(1728&1809) uke jS vsd cksikjh jh bZ Hkkxhnkjh ghA 1801 bZLoh jk fjpMZ

VsfofFkd (1771&1833) uke jS vsd vkfoLdkjd gkbZ izslj baftu lwa iSykiSy
jSy xkMh pyko.k jkS rqekj nsf[k;kS vj 1804 jk pyk; u crkbZA i.k jSy xkMh
eka; Hkki baftu uS dke;kc dj.k jkS tl cki csVk ;kfu tktZLVhQsUlu
(1781&1848) vj fjpMZ LVhQsUlu (1803&1859) uS 1829 bZLoh jks
fef;kSA b.k Hkkar Hkki baftu m.k tekuS eka; brjkS pkokS gq;kS d vsd lkSdhu
vkfoLdkjd flYosLVj jksij 1890 jS yxsrxs [kqn lk: Hkki lwa pky.k okh
lkbdy c.kk;nhA NksVkS Hkki baftu se eka; [klk;ksM+h b.k lkbdy jh lokjh
brjh vka>h gh d flyosLVj [kqn 1896 bZLoh jk b.k ekFkS lokjh djrkS vsDlhMs.V
lwa gfjlj.k gks; x;kSA jsy xkMh jkS vkS Hkki baftu lwa gkd.k jkS py.k nqfu;k eka;
nwth eksVh yM+kbZ rd vj Hkkjr eka; 1970 bZLoh rd /kM+/kM+korkS pkfy;kS iNS
Mhty vj fcth lwa jSy pyko.k jk vMka.k cf.k;kA fcth c.kko.k [kkrj bZ
iSykiSy Hkki baftu bt dke vkorkS gkS iNS Hkki Vjckbu dke vko.k ykxk
ftdk vkt rd dke vk; fj;k gSA Hkkjr eka; iSykiSy 20 tqykbZ 1879 jk
Q~yjh uke jS vsd vaxzst dydrk eka; Hkki baftu lwa fcth c.kk; crkbZ tn
feu[k fprcaxk gks; ns[krk fj;kA jktLFkkau eka; bZ iSykiSy fcth c.kko.k jh
l:vkr Hkki baftu jS ika.k 1886 bZLoh jk chdkusj LVsV eka; gqbZA iSyS lbdS lwa
Vjckbu c.kk; pyko.k lwa ghjks vkQ vsysDtsf.M;k jkS uke tqfM+;ksM+ks gSA
iSykiSy jhvsDlu Hkkar jkS Vjckbu 1840 bZLoh jk c.kk; m.k jkS isVs.V pkYlZ
ijlu (1854&1931) jS uke 1884 bZLoh jk gq;kSA b.k jS iNS vsd kalhlh
bathfu;j dky nh ysoy (1845&1913) bEiYl Hkkar jS Vjckbu jkS isVsaV
1890 bZLoh jk djk;kS gkSA ?k.kk?k.kh fctyh c.kko.k jkS dkae vkt bZ VjckbUl lwa
bt fyjhtS gSA Hkki baftu fcpS Hkki Vjckbu ?k.kh lc[kh vj f[kerkokh
elhu gSA foLo esa dks;ys jh dqqy fuit dksbZ Nrhl gtkj yk[k Vu gS ft.k eka;
lwa Hkkjr jh ikafr lbdk nhB ikap lwa N% Vdk gS ;kfu yxsrxs nks; ;k v<kbZ gtkj
yk[k Vu gSA Hkkjr eka; lbdk nhB NklB Vdk fcth dks;ys lwa fuitS gSA
dks;ys jS nkbZ irk rSy ;kfu isVksfy;e bZ jtk jkS irkw HkaMkj gS ;kfu
th;ks Q~;wvyA irk jh lhjka ;kfu isVk eka; fe.k lwa b.kjkS ukae (isVk&lsy vj
vksfy;e&rSy) isVksfy;e gSA dks;ys js T;wa jkS T;wa irk rsy bZ djksMk+ a cjl iSyk
tho ftukojka vj {kqnz ?kkl jS tehnkst gq;ka iNS /kjrh jS rwaMs jh xjeh vj nkc jS
ika.k vksjxsfud eky jS U;kjkS gks; jklk;fud cnko lwa xUnji vkDlhtu
ukbVkstu tSM+k rRoka jS HkSk gkso.k lwa cf.k;ksM+kS ekuhtS gSA vkS /kjrh jh lhjka eka;
166
dkt;h
oSorks aMk [kkMka eka; HkskS gq;ka tkoSA b.kuS aMk oSjk [kksn u dkf<;kS tkoSA vkS
rSy thok.kqoka jh f;k csfDV;ksykthdysDlu lwa vi?kVht.k jS iNS jlk;fud
cnko lwa c.kSA iNS volknh lsyka ;k lsMhesIVh jksDl eka; HkskS gq;ksM+kS yknSA
rNV eSnkuka eka; lkxj jk rVka eka; mFkk leqnzka eka; bZ fe tkoSA ika.kh lwa
gdkS gkso.k lwa ika.kh ekFkS frjrkS jsoSA b.k jS mij irk xSl ?k.kdjh ehFksu jkS
nkc jsoSA irk rSy xzhd jkt eka; pksFkS lbdS lwa iSyk vj lwesfj;u lH;rk jS
c[kr lwa feu[k jh tk.kdkjh eka; gSA xzhd jk dkjhxj m.k c[kr mBkm jtk jS
:i teh eka; tsMk+ S ferkS osMk+ S bZ ekVh eka;a fek; uS m.k jh baVka BkorkA b.k baZVka
jkS pV~VkS yxk; uS yko yxk; nsork ft.k lwa rSy c tkorkS vj baVka id
tkorhA rsjosa lbdS eSa czge nslh yksd b.k jk fn;k ck u jksluh dj.k jS dke esa
ysork gkA rSy jkS iSykiSy fcdkm oSjks 1859 bZLoh eka; vesfjdk jS uxj
isUlyosfu;k eka; [kksnhft;ks gkSA Hkkjr eka; vktknh lwa iSyk rhu [kkl ijnslh
rSy dEifu;ka (cekZ lsy] ,Llks vj dkyVsDl) rSy jh [kskt vj lks/ku jkS dke
djrh gh ftdka uS 1976 bZLoh lwa Hkkjr ljdkj jS vk/khu dj nhA
oSjS lwa dkf<;ka iNS rSy uS lks/ku dj u U;kjk U;kjk vaxka ;kfu gdkS rSy
fcpykS rSy vj Hkkjh rSy eka; ckaV.kkS iM+AS gdkS rSy xslksfyu fudS ftdkS
gokbZ tgktka vj eksVj dkjka eka; dke vkoS b.k lwa FkksMk+ d
s Hkkjh dsjksflu gS ftdkS
?kjcjrkm chrS vj jksluh dj.k eka; dke vkoSA fcpyk rSyka eka; Mhty gS
ftdkS eksVj cl VsDVj ykjh tgkt vj jSy xkMh eka; dke vkoSA b.k lwwa Hkkjh
qM vj Qjusl vk;y gksoS ftdkS ftdks fcth jh Hkkjh elhuka vj /kkrq xk.k
jk HkVka eka; dke vkoSA b.k lwa Hkkjh yqczhdsaV gksos ftdkS baftu uS lc[kks jk[k.k
lk: dke yhjhtSA b.k jS iNS xzhl vkoS ftdkS csfjaxka eka; yxkbtS ft.k lwa
f?klkbZ de gksoAS jtk jS HkaMkj jS :i eka; irk rSy vkt jS c[kr ?k.kkS egrkm
gSA vj eqydka jh ekynkjh jh gkyr jkS vk/kkj gSA [kkl dj u teZuh jk
baftfu;j vksVks fudylu vxLr (1832&1891) vj xqVsfyd Mseyj jS
eka; nkx baftu ;kfu baVjuy dEcDlu baftu 1876 bZLoh jk c.kk;k vj 1885
bZLoh jk isVsaV djk;ka iNS lM+d ifjogu vj jSyka jkS vk/kkj cf.k;ksM+kS gSA jSyka
vj VsDVjka eka; dke vkof.k;kS Mhty baftu jkS isVsaV tjeuh jkS bt :MksYQ
Mhty (1858&1913) bZLoh lu 1884 jk djk;kS gkSA Mhty baftu chth jh
elhuka pyko.k lk: bZ dke vkos gS i.k fcth ?k.kdjh Vjckbu jS ika.k c.kkbZ
tkoS gSA foLo eka; rSy jk HkaMkj vanktu dksbZ 11000 djksM+ Vu dawrhtS gS vj
84
167
cjl nhB fuit 30000 yk[k Vu gSA b.k fglkc lwa rSy /kdyk ipkl cjlka
eka; fuB tkosykA iNS ft.k <ax lwa rSy jkS [kjpkS fnu fnu cnS gS m.k uS ns[krka
iSyk bZ fuB ldS gSA Hkkjr rSy jk vk;krd nslka eka; gSA tBS gkykafd lks/ku jh
dwaor lok rsjg djksM+ Vu gS vj [kqnjh fuit rhu lwa pkj djksM+ Vu rd gS lks
lSdM+k nhB 84 Vdk ;kfu djhc 11 djksM+ Vu dkpkS rSy ijnslka lwa vka.k.kks iMS+
gSA gekj jktLFkkau jS ckM+esj jS eaxk tkxk ekFkS Hkkjh rSy jh [kkst fuit jkS dkae
l: gq;kS gS tqdkS ts iwjh f[kerk lwa dke fd;kS tkoS rkS 66 yk[k Vu rSy
jktLFkkau eka; lkykuk fuit ldS gSA rSy jkS lsdM+k nhB 65 Vdk dksjkS ynkbZ vj
vkok tkoh jS vMka.kk eka; [ki tkoSA lSdM+k nhB vsd VdkS fcth fuit lk:
dkae vkoS gS ckdh cfp;ksM+kS dkj[kkuk vj ?kjcjrkm [kjpkS gSA i.k irk rSy
jtk jkS lc[kkS HkaMkj gkso.k lwa b.k jkS ctkj jktfufr jkS [ksy cf.k;ksM+kS gSA b.k
dkj.k vksjxsukbtslu vkQ isVksfy;e ,DliksfVZax d.Vht ;kfu vksisd
vj b.Vjusluy vsujth vstsUlh ;kfu vkbZ-bZ-vs- tSM+h laLFkkoka b.k jk
ctkj Hkkoka jh fuxsnkLrh jk[kSA nqfu;k jS dqy jtk [kjp jkS lSdM+k nhB 38
Vdk rSy jS ika.k ikj iM+ fj;kS gSA vckj jh uoh rduhd lwa rSy jh deh uS iwj.k
lk: gksgkok vj eDdh tsM+h ouLifr jS lkFkS ilqe jS Hksf;S lwa jlk;u jkS rSy
fuitko.k jh tqxr gks; jh gSA Hkkjr vj vesfjdk tsM+k eqydka eka; b.k ckcr
[kklkS dkae gks; fj;kS gSA vesfjdk rkS b.k <ax <ks rSy tSM+h bt pht vsFkuky
c.kk; u m.kuS rSy eka; lSdM+k nhB 15 Vdk Hks uS dke yso.k jkS rqekj ns[k fy;kS
gS d b.k lwa de lwa de dher eka; rkS deh ykbZ bt tk ldS gSA czzkthy tSM+k
nslka eka; vsFkuky lsyM+h jk lkaBka lwa fuitko.k jh tqxr djhth gSA lkaBka jh
fuit Hkkjr eka; bZ pks[kh Hkyh gksoS gS lks lkaBka lwa rSy jS HkS vsFkyku jh fuit
Hkkjr eka; bZ lksjh lksjh ikj iM+ ldS gS vj lLrS irk rSy jh tqxr djh tk ldS
gSA b.k ckcr [kkst vj dke dj.k jh gekj ?k.kh t:jr gSA
irk chrs jkS vsd U;kjkS :i irk xSl gS ftdkS dks;ys jh [kka.kk jh
mijyh rh eka; ;k rSy jk oSjka eka; rSy jS mij HkSh gks;ksM+h yknS gSA vk xSl
dkcZueksuksvksDlkbM vj ehFksu xSl jkS Hksf;kS gq;k djS gSA b.k uS dks;yss jh [kka.kk
vj rSy jk oSjka eka; lwaw fudk u dke eka; fy;k djS gSA irk rSy vj dks;ys
jS nkb irk xSl bZ dksbZ rhl djksM+ cjlka iSyk leqnzh thoka vj ouLifr jS
tehnkst gks; /kjrh jS rf;s jS ri vj nkc jS ika.k tho jlk;u cnko lwa
fo[kafMr gkso.k jS ika.k c.kh gSA b.k eka; ghfy;e tSM+h nwth gkbMks dkcZuka jkS
168
dkt;h
Hksf;kS bZ gw;k djS gS ft.k uS dke yso.k lwa iSyk U;kjkS dj.kkS iMS+ gSA b.k jh eksVh
vc[kkbZ b.k jS HkaMkj.k jh gSA D;wa d xSl gkso.k lwa HkaMkj.k lk: tkxk ?k.kh
pkbtSA foKkuh ekuS gS d /kdyk lbdk rd irk xSl fuB tkosykA irk xSl
?kjka eka; jlksbZ dj.k uS vj BaMk eqydka eka; ?kj muk jk[k.k uS dke yhjhtSA i.k
dqy fuit jkS lSdM+k nhB 75 Vdk dkj[kkuka eka; ba/ku vj dPpS eky lk: dke
vkoSA dkj[kkuka lk: ftrjh jtk pkbtS m.k jkS lSdM+k nhB 40 Vdk xSl lwa
fe jh gSA xSl jh fuit jkS lSdM+k nhB 25 Vdk ?kjka eka; dke vk; fj;kS gSA
dkjcqjsVj jS cf.k;ka isyk eka; nkx baftu eka; xSl bt dkae yhjhtrh ghA
vktdky bZ lLrh gkso.k jS dkj.k dkjka vj eksVjka eka; xSl dke yso.k jkS py.k
gSA lj sad OghVy (1907&1996) fczfVl baftfu;j lclwa iSyk 1930 bZLoh
jk xSl Vjckbu c.kk; isVsaV djk; 1941 bZLoh jk m.k lwa gokbZ tgkt pykb ghA
m.k jS iNS xSl vs;j kQ~V eka; ?k.kh dke vk; jh gSA nqfu;k eka; xSl jh dqy
fuit 73083 isVktksy gS ft.k jkS vk/kks Vdk lSdM+k nhB Hkkjr eka; fuitSA vk
nwtk nslka jh fuit ns[krka lclwa derh gSA :l eka; lclwa ?k.kh djhc 24000
isVktksy xSl fuitSA Hkkjr jh b.k c[kr dqy fuit lkykuk 388 isVktksy gSA
jktLFkkau jS ?kksVk: eka; ikrk xSl jh fuit lwa jkex< eka; fctyh c.kkbtS gSA
ft;ks Qw;y ;k irk chrS (dks;yks rSy xsl) jh [kkl vc[kkbZ gS
dks;ys jh [kka.kk rSy jk oSjka jkS xSl lesr /kdyk lkS ipkl cjlka rd [kkyh gks;
fuB tko.k jkS Mj nwtkS [kka.kk jh maMkbZ c/k.k lwa eky [kksn ckjS dk<.k jh etwjh
eka; gksorkS c/kkikS rhtkS [kka.kk oSjka lwa dkf<;ksM+kS eky dke jh BkSM+ iqxko.k jkS
cnrkS HkkM+ksA vj b.k lSaxka lwa eksVh vc[kkbZ gS Hkkse] jksbZ vj vkcgok jkS fcxkM+A
dks;yks 1000 esxkokV fctyh?kj [kkrj 2600 ojx fdyksehVj tehu vj cuka
jkS Hk[k ys; ysos rSy 1672 ojx fdyksehVj vj xSl vycr de 1135 ojx
fdyksehVj tehu jkS Hk[k ysos gSA cnrh cfLr;ka vj vkcknh jS lkFkS vkS bZ vsd
dkj.k gS d cu ?kVrk ?kVrk 40 Vdk lSdM+k nhB lwa 9 Vdk lSdM+k nhB rd iwx
pqdk gSA feu[kk tw.k jS lksjS xqtkjS lk: ckuka jkS de ;wa de dqy /kjrh jkS 33
Vdk lSdM+k nhB gkso.kkS t:jh gSA iNS irk chrkS c.k lwa HkykabZ fctyh
c.kkokS HkykabZ dkj pykoks gok eka; dkjcUMkbvkDlkbM ehFksu ukbVkstu jh
vkDlkbM xU/kd jh xSlka vj jat jk d.k >ksadhtSA ft.k jS ika.k vkcgok eka;
fcxkM+ gksoSA b.k dkj.k lwa jat d.kka jkS ys[kks ftdkS 1200 cjlka iSyk 200 d.k
?kuehVj nhB gkS oks dkj[kkuk gx iNS 1935 rd 290 d.k 1951 rd 315
85
169
d.k vj 1986 rd 338 d.k ?kuehVj nhB ukihft;kS gSA b.k fglkc lwa b.k jS
/kdyk 80&90 cjlka eka; 600 d.k ?kuuehVj nhB iwx.k jkS [krjks gSA b.k lwa
/kjrh ekFkS xjeh jkS vkad gj nl cjlka eka; 0-1 fMxzh ls.VhxzsV jh pky lwa cnrka
ykjyk 100 cjlka eka; 1 fMxzh ls.VhxzsV c/k pwdks gSA ykjyk lkS cjlka eka;
xjeh jkS c/k.kks m.k lwa iSyk jk chl gtkj cjlka lwa cnrkS dwarhft;kS gSA cnrh
xjeh ft.kuS Xykscy okfeZax dsoS gS fcj[kk uh gkso.k jkS vsd dkj.k ekuhtS vj
lkFkS lkFkS lkxj eka; tSj ?kksS ft.k lwa lkxj jh tSj ipko.k jh f[kerk ?kVS vj
t jk tho /kklnh lwa efj;ka tkoS ?kfV;ka tkoSA /kjrh jh vkcgok fcxM+.k lwa
feu[kka eka; ?k.kh csekfj;ka iuiSA b.k lkjh vc[kk;ka jS Mj lwa nqfu;k eka; ?k.kh
gx eph vj twu 1974 bZ- jk LVkdgkse LohMu eka; vj m.k jS iNS twu
1992 bZ- eka; fj;kMhtusajks czkthy eka; iNS HkS 1997 bZ- jk D;ksVks tkiku eka;
dksbZ 185 eqyd HkSk gks; lHkk dj*j iapk;rh lwa dkj[kkuka jS c/kkiS lwa gkso.k
okS vkcgok fcxkM+ uS dkcw dj.k jk jkthukek dfj;kA b.k jS iNS bZ 2002 bZtksgUlcxZ n[k.kknkS vhdk eka; HkS vsd lHkk gqbZ m.k eka; bZ vkcgok eka;
cnrS dkcZu uS dkcw jk[k.k jk mdjklka lwa dke dj.k uS iwjh iDdk;r lwa lkjk
fodflr nsl vj fodl.kgkj nslka uS [kjk;k x;kA i.k lkph ckr rkS vk gh d
vkcgok jS lsewns fcxkM+ jS ikaposa fgLls jkS Hkkxhnkj rkS vsdykS vejhdk dwarhft;kSA
vejhdk jkS vsd jgoklh vsd cjl eka; dksbZ ikap Vu dkcZu gok eka; >ksadS gSA
b.kuS Vk uS dha nwth ckrka bZ lkeh vkbZA Lkksthokau foKkfu;ka jh [kkst dwar lwa Bkg
iM+h d vkcgok eka; vsd cjl eka; dqy vkB vjc Vu dkcZu fctyh?kjka
dkj[kkuka jh fpefu;ka dkjka xkkfM;ka jS /kqa, vj cM+k cuka eka; ykab.kk ykx.k lwa
>ksadhtS gSA D;wa d 2-5 xq.kk 1010 Vu dkcZuMkbvkDlkbM feu[kka jS dkjukeka lwa
vj 1 xq.kk 1010 dkcZuMkbvkDlkbM eksVk cuka eka; ykb.kk ykx.k lwa fuitSA vkB
vjc Vu jkS vk/kks tSj rkS egklkxj ipk;nS vj vsd vsdM+ cu ;k gfj;kyh iw.k
Vu jS fglkc lwa vsd Mks< vjc Vu tax ipk;nSA b.k nhB lwa lkykslky gok
eka; dkcZu c/k.kkS pkbtS i.k dkcZu jh ek=k ykjyk ?k.kk cjlka lwa 3-5 vjc Vu
ekFkS vk; :dxh gS c/k uh jh gSA lks ?k.kk eqyd [kqn jh rjDdh jh jksd jS cnS
D;ksVks izksVksdksy tsM+k jkthukek uS ykxw dj.k lwa uV fj;k gSA i.k jatd.kk eka;
c/kkikS rksbZ [krjs jh ?kaVh ctk; fj;kS gSA lks foKkfu;ka uS mdjkl rkS dj.kk bt
iM+sykA fctyh?kjka eka; 1000 esxkokV fuit [kkrj ipkl yk[k Vu
dkcZuMkbvkDlkbM vsd cjl eka; fuitSA b.k jS lkFk ukbVkstu vkDlkbM
lYQj vkDlkbM ysM ;kfu lhlks vj /kwM+ jk jtd.k bZ fuitS ftdk vkcgok
170
dkt;h
eka; ?k.kkS fcxkM+ djSA b.k vc[kkbZ jS mdjkl [kkrj ft.k <ax lwa dkjka eksVjka jS
/kqavs jS dkSi.k uS jksd.k jk ljktke ckifj;k gS m.k bt :.k eka; fcth?kjka jk
ika.kh mdk.k jk ck;yjka uS bZ lq/kkj u lqijhVhdy ck;yjka jS :i eka; uok
mdjkl gks; fj;k gSA Dyhudksy VsDuksykth jS c/kkis jS ika.k dks;ys uS ck.k lwa
isyk ;kfu izhcuZ LVst eka; bt ukbVkstu lYQj MkbvkDlkbM ehFksu vj jat
U;kjk djhtS vj ck.k lwa iNS ;kfu iksLVcuZ LVst eka;a fudrS /kqavs uS gksdS jS
nkbZ ika.kh eka; lwa fudk uS lkQ djhtS vj jat d.k flaMj elhuka lwa vkcgok
eka; tko.k lwa iSyk jksd fn;k tkoSA ukbVkstu jh xSlka lwa [kkn c.kkbZ tk ldS gS
vj lYQj jh xSlka lwa xU/kd jkS rstkc c.kS tqdkS dkj[kkuk eka; ?k.kkS dke vkoSA
i.k dkjcu MkbvkDlkbM uS jksfd;ka iNS bZ m.k jS fuiVkjS ckcr vtS foKkfu;ka
eka; ?k.kk erHksn gSA ftdkS lclwa lc[kkS mdjkl fuxS vkoS gS oks gS /kjrh ekFkS
taxka jkS c/kkikS dj.kksA vsM+h dwar gS d vsd vsdM+ vksj.k ;k gfj;kyh iw.k Vu
dkcZu ipk; ldS gSA b.k fglkc lwa /kjrh jk lbdk nhB 33 uki tax dkcZu
MkbvkDlkbM jkS fuiVkjkS lksjks lkjkss dj ldS gSA :a[k jksi.k jkS dke ts djlka jS
[kaos jk[kka rkS ljdkjh fglkc lwa Hkkjr eka; 13 djksM+ gsDVs;j /kjrh lhap.k jkS
fopkj gSA ts ika.kh jS lkFkS lkFkS [ksrka jS ls<S ls<S iDdk :a[kka jh jksikbZ [kjkbZ lwa
djkbZ tkoS rkS dksbZ 33 djksM+ Vu dkcZu rkS Hkkjr jk [ksr bZ ipk;yS iNS tax rks
vkijh BkSM+ gS bt i.k taxka eka; bZ c/kkikS dj.kkS t:jh gSA dkj.k d vko.k
okS c[kr eka; eksckby vj Vh-oh- VkUlehlu tSM+k ?k.kk ljktke gks; tkosyk
ftdk vkcgok jkS fcxkM+ v.kwrkS djsykA b.k lSaxka jkS mdjkl :a[kka vj taxka jkS
c/kkikS dj.k eka; bt gSA :a[k vkcgok jh :[kk jS lkFkS lkFkS djlka jh
iksVZiksfy;ks vken bZ c/kkosykA tS feu[k fx.krh lkFkS c/krh jgoklh vj dkj[kkuk
jh cfLr;ka eka; bZ :a[k jksi.k jkS dke ykx lwa fd;kS tkoS rkS jtk vj vkcgok
nksuka lk: bZ vko.k okk c[kr eka; feu[k tkr jS ?k.kS Qk;nS jh tqxr gks; ldS
gSA cf/k;ksM+k :a[k NaxkbZ jS ika.k ck;ksekl ;kfu chrS eka; ?k.kkS btkQkS djsyk
ft.k lwa fcth c.kko.k jh f[kerk c/ksyk lkFkS lkFkS vkcgokjh :[kk bZ gks;
tkossykA /kdyk 90&100 cjlka eka; feu[k fx.krh jS ?kV.k jh iwjh vkl gS vj
cfLr;ka lwuh gksorh tkosykA m.k gkyr eka; :a[kka jkS ?k.kki.kkS jksbZ vk vksj.k jh
deh uS iwwjh dj nsosykA
b.k fnuka ijek.kq lxrh nqfu;k eka; jtk jkS lLrkS vj eksVkS HkaMkj ekuhtS
gSA nqfu;k eka; dqy jtk jS [kjp jkS rhtkS fgLlks ijek.kq lwa fe fj;kS gSA Hkkjr
86
171
jk d.kkn fjlh iSykiSy crk;kS gkS d lkjk inkjFk NksVk NksVk d.kk jS tksM+ lwa
cf.k;ksM+k gSA tSu xzaFkka vj twuh iksfFk;ka eka; b.k fNU;kd d.kka jkS uke v.kq ;k
vsVe fyf[k;ksM+kS yknSA i.k vaxzst vj uoS Hkksfrd foKku jk tud tkau MkYVu
(1766&1844) lclwa iSyk inkjFk jh jpuk ckcr [kkst dj uS 1802 bZ- eka;
crk;kS gkS d rRo jh jpuk v.kqoka jS es lwa gqbZ gSA b.k jS iNS jnjQksMZ
(1871&1937)] ts-ts- Vkelu (1856&1940)] uhycksj (1855&1962)]
lksejQhYM (1868&1951)] oksYQxu] ikyh (1900&1958) tSMk+ foKkfu;ka
v.kq uS rksM+ u ijek.kq vj iNS ijek.kq jk vax bysDVku ksVku jh [kkst djhA b.k
[kkstka lwa ijek.kq lax.k fo[kaMu jh [kkst gqbZ vj b.k dke eka; vYQk] chVk]
xkek] fdj.kk jh Hkkxhnkjh jh ckr 1911] 1919] 1920 esa dfj;ksM+h [kkstka lwa
lkQ gqbZA b.k [kkstka uS vkxS c/kk; psMfodlj tsEl 1891 jnjQksMZ jS lkFkS
dke djrka Fkdka ijek.kq jS vsd vax U;wVku jh [kkst 1932 bZ- jk djhA b.k dke
lk: psMfod uS 1935 bZ- jkS ukscy lEeku fnjhft;ksA vj jnjQksMZ uS 1908 bZjkS ukscy lEeku fef;ksA U;wVku jh ?k.kh ckrka psMfod iNS tjeuh jk okYFkj
fofy;e sat cksFkk (1891&1957) pkoh djhA b.k lk: 1954 bZ- jkS ukscy
lEeku cksFkk uS fef;ksA moka rkjka vj lwjt eka; jtk iui.k jkS dkj.k iSykiSy
ijek.kq x.k jh f;k us crkbZ ghA i.k ijek.kq fo[kaM.k jk lQy iz;ksx 1938
vj 1939 eka; Qsjeh vsujhdks (1901&1954)] gsu vksVks (1879&1958)]
fV~t LVslesu (1902&1968)] vksVkfQLd (1904&1979) vj Jherh
esabVuj (1878&1968) dfj;k ft.k lwa fo[kaM.k ;k fQlu f;k jh tk.kdkjh
ckjs vkbZA lkFks lkFks U;wVku vj jsfM;ks vsDVhohVh jh tk.kdkjh vj fo[kaM.k
inkjFk fuitko.k jh rjdhc bZ lkeh vkbZA b.k <ax lwa ijek.kq eka; yqfd;ksM+h
jtk jS v[kwV HkaMkj jkS feu[k uS Kku gq;ksA ft.k jS ika.k nqfu;k jkS isyks ijek.kq
fjvsDVj vejhdk jh fldkxks ;wfuojlhVh eka; 1942 bZ- jk Qsjeh vsujhdks
(1901&54) c.kk;kS vj isyks vsVe cac ftdkS ijek.kq fo[kaMu lwa cf.k;ksM+kS gkS
vejhdk jk foKkuh vksiughej twfy;l jkcVZ (1904&1967) jh ns[kjs[k
eka; ,MoMZ Vsyj (1908&2003) jS lkFkS 25000 foKkfu;ka fe uS nks fcfy;u
Mkyj jS [kjpS lwa c.kk;ksA b.k jkS rqekj ns[k.k uS iSykS /kehM+ vteksxksjMk tkxk
ekFkS 16 twu 1945 bZ- jk cksyk;ksA iNs 6 vj 9 vxLr 1945 bZ- jk tkiku jk Lgsj
fgjksflek vj ukxklkdh ekFkS /kehM+ cksyk; foukl yhyk b ns[khthA b.k jS iNs
ijek.kq gfFk;kjka jh gksMk gksM vejhdk jS ykjs ykjs :l 1949 bZ- jk] fczVsu 1952
bZ- jk] kal 1960 bZ jk] phu 1964 bZ- jk] Hkkjr 1974 bZ- jk] ikfdLrku 1998 bZ-
172
dkt;h
jk vj iNS /kzqodksfj;k bZ 2005 bZ- jk ijek.kqcac /kehM+ dj u [kqn uS ijek.kq

lxrh crkoS gSA i.k vS lkjk /kehM+ ijek.kq fo[kaMu dk law dfj;ksM+k gSA b.k jS
iNS ijek.kq x.k jh dk ;k Q~;wtu VsfDud lclwa iSyk vejhdk ,MoMZ Vsyj
jh vxqokbZ eka; 1949 bZ- jk dke l: dfj;kS vj x.k dk lwa gkbMkstu cac
c.kk; uS 1952 bZ- jk iSykiSy eklZy vkbysaM ekFkS m.k jkS rqekj ns[k.k jh ?kksl.kk
djhA b.k jS iNs :l 1953 bZ- phu 1962 bZ- vj kal 1968 bZ- esa ijek.kq x.k
lwa gkbMkstu cac c.kko.k jh ?kksl.kkoka djh i.k b;wa ekuhtS gS d vs lkjk ij;ksx
fo[kaM.k iNS x.k lwa dfj;ksM+k gkA lq/k x.k lwa jtk fuitko.kkS vtS lt uh
vk;ks gSA x.k ;k Q~;wtu fdfj;k lk: ?k.kks mapkS rki dksbZ 400 yk[k fMxzh
lsaVhxzsV vj m.kus dkcw jk[k.k lk: m.kjS pk:aesj 1014 d.k lSafdaM nhB ?ku D;wc
lsaVhehVj eka; pkbtS ftdk vtS lt uh vk; fj;k gSA [kkst djf.k;ka jkS vankt
gS d vkS dke 2050 bZ- rd ikj iM+ ldS gSA b.k ckcr NsM+ykS ij;ksx tqykbZ
2010 bZ- eka; ;wjksi jk [kkl [kkl nslka jS Hksi lwa tsV ukae jh laLFkk dfj;ks gks
ft.k esa b;wa crk;ks x;ks d vk/kk lsafdaM rd 16 esxk oksV fctyh c.kkbthA i.k
vS lSax ij;ksx dksjk l:okrh dki gSA ts vS ij;ksx lQy gks; tkoS rkS feu[k
jh lH;rk jS bfr;kl eka; pDdkS vxfu [ksrh vj eqnzk jS iNS ikapokSa eksVkS
vkfoLdkj gksosyk ft.k jS ika.k v[kwV jtk jkS [ktkuks fe tkosyk D;wa d
x.k jS ika.k vsd yhVj ika.kh rhu lkS yhVj isVksy jkS dke djsykA x.k lwa
jtk fuitko.k okS fjvsDVj jkS ukae ?k.kkS apkS rki gkso.k lwa FkeksZU;wfDy;j
fjvsDVj nhjhft;kS gSA x.k eka; gkbMkstu tSM+k gdk rRo QksVksu jh dM+h lwa
tqM+ u ghyh;e eka; cn tkoS ft.k lwa ?k.kh jtk fuitSA
gekj nqfu;k jk nslka eka;a ftrjh ijek.kq HkfV;ka ;k jhvsDVj dke dj fj;k
gS oS lSax fo[kaM.k ;kfu fQlu jS ika.k pky fj;k gSA vj vka lkjh HkfV;ka eka; nks;
Hkkar jk chrk ;k ba/ku dke vkoS gSA iSyk oS gS ftdk U;wVksu jS /khes /kehM+S lwa
lh/kh psu jhvsDlu fdfj;k djS vj jtk fuitkoSA oS gS ;wjsfu;e 235
IywVksfu;e 239 vj ;wjsfu;e 233A b;ka eka; lwa ;wjsfu;e 235 lh/ks ijdjrh jk
HkaMkjka eka; lwa fudkf;kS tkoS vj IywVksfu;e 239 uS ;wjfs u;e 233 rRo :icnko
lwa c.kk;kS tkoSA b.k Hkkar jk inkjFk fQlkby ;k fo[kaMu okk inkjFk cktS vj
nwtksMk+ ftdk [kqn fo[kaM.k jkS xq.k uh jk[ks i.k fo[kaM.k jS xq.k okk inkjFkka eka;
U;wVksu jh izfrfdfj;k lwa cnf;k tk ldsA vkaus fuitkm ;k QjVkby Q~;wvy
dsosA T;wa ;jsfu;e 238 gS ftdkS ;wjsfu;e 239 eka; U;wVksu jh izfrfdfj;k lwa
87
173
cn tkoSA vj ;wjsfu;e 239 b.k bt Hkkar IywVksfu;e 239 eka; cn tkoSA

lkxs bt <ax lwa Fkksfj;e 233 bZ ;wjsfu;e 233 eka; cn tkoSA
vka ijek.kq chrka lwa jtk fuitko.k [kkrj v.kwrh [kkFkh fdfj;k uS
/kheh jk[k.k lk: eksMjsVj inkjFk dke eka; yhjhtSA ?k.kdjk eksMjsVj lk:
ika.kh vj xzsQkbV dke vkoSA lclwa fljS dke djf.k;kS eksMjsVj ghyh;e gSA b.k
jS iNs MwVksfj;e vkDlkbM ;kfu Hkkjh ika.kh bZ pks[kkS eksMjsVj ekuhtSA i.k vkS
ewa?kkS gkso.k lwa dksjkS lks/k eka; bt dke vkoSA b.k bt Hkkar jhvsDVj ;k HkVh jh
xjeh uS vsDlpsat dj.k lk: BaMkbZ ;k dwyasV dke vkoSA lksfM;e vj iksVfs l;e
jkS irks Hks dwysaV lk: dke yhjhtSA Hkjh ika.kh dkcZuMkb vkDlkbM vj
ikyh fQukby bZ dwysaV lk: dke vkoSA b.k jS lkFkS lkFkS fQlu fdfj;k uS dkcw
jk[k.k lk: d.Vksy jksM dke yhjhtsA vS d.Vksy jksM cksjksu ;k dsMeh;e
LVhy jh tkMh rkfM+;ka gq;k djS gS ftdh U;wVksu uS pwl u fQlu jh fdfj;k uS
dkcw jk[kSA vsM+k lkjk ljktkeka lwa twfM+;ksM+h HkV~Vh ;k jhvsDVj uS vsd LVhy jh
etcwr dksBh eka; tM+ uS tkMh dahV jh Hkhark okS dejS eka; can dj u
jk[khtSA b.k jS pk:aesj dke djf.k;ka uS dEizsLM oqM Qkbcj jk xkHkk isjk; u
:[kk jk tru djhtSA b.k <ax <kS ijek.kq HkfV;ka dke vj c.kkoV jS eqtc
U;kjk U;kjk ukaek lwa vks[khts gSA czhMj ;k QkLV jhvsDVj [kkFkh pky lwa fcuk
eksMjsVj jS dke djf.k;S jhvsDVj uS dsoSA b.k jkS [kkl dke ;wjsfu;e 238 vj
Fksfj;e 233 uS IywVksfu;e 239 vj ;wjsfu;e 233 eka; cn.kks gSA ckr vk gS d
;wjsfu;e 235 jkS ?k.kkS ma ?k.kkS datwlh lwa cjrrka Fkdka bZ dksbZ ipkl cjlka jkS HkaMkj
dawrhft;kS gSA vj vkS bt ijek.kq HkVh jkS fljs chrks gSA i.k ;wjsfu;e 238 vj
Fksfj;e 233 jk HkaMkj /kjrh eka; eksdk dwarhft;k gSA b;ka lwa fo[kaM.k eka; dke
vkof.k;ks ;wjsfu;e 235 fuitk;kS tk ldS gSA vkS dke czhMj HkVh eka; lkopsrh
lwa dfj;ks tkoS gSA b.k eka; rkieku jkS [kkl /;ku jkf[k;kS tkoS D;wa d IywVksfu;e
239 de rki ;kfu 6400 lSa- ekFkS fix tkoSA b.k bt Hkkar czhMj dha [kkl Hkkar
jk vkblksVksi bZ fuitkoS gS ftdk dSalj jh csekjh jS bykt vj varfj{k ;ku
c.kko.k eka; dke vkoS gSA czhMj b.k dke jS lkFkS lkFkS fuitf.k;S apS rki lwa
ika.kh jh Hkki c.kk; u Hkki lwa Vjckbu pyk; u fctyh jk tujsVj pyk;k tkoS
ft.k lwa fctyh fuitSA b.k bt <ax lwa nwtk jhvsDVj c.kkoV jS ika.k vks[khtSA
T;wa esXusfl;e&Hks okh /kkrq jS [kksf;s eka; cUn izkd`frd ;wjsfu;e chrS
okh HkVh uS esXusDl Fkjey fjvsDVj dsoS gSA ;wjsfu;e MkbvkDlkbM jk NksVk
174
dkt;h
VqdM+ka ;kfu isysV lwa lcs fjvsDVj uS bLikr jS etcwr /kkeS eka; dkcw dj
dkcZuMkbvkDlkbM BaMkbZ lk: dke yhjhtS t.kS vsMokUl xsl dwYM fjvsDVj
;kfu ,-th-vkj- uke ;wa tk.khtSA b.k lwa bZ vkxs lclwa uoh :.k jkS ftdkS lclwa
dhQk;rh ekuhtS gS oks gS izsljkbt okVj jhvsDVj ft.k eka; eksMjsVj vj BaMkbZ
nksuka lk: ika.kh dke eka; yhjhtsA vS pkj Hkkar jk jhvsDVj ;k HkfV;ka dke vkoS
i.k fctyh jh elhuka lc eka; vsd tsMh+ bt dke vkoSA
ijek.kq fo[kaM.k jtk lwa fctyh c.kko.k jkS iSyks fctyh?kj 1951 bZjk vejhdk eka; fiVlcxZ jS [kuS flfiaxiksVZ tkxk ykfx;kS gkSA iNS :l eka;
1954 bZ- jk 5 esxkokV jkS IykaV ykfx;kS gkSA lclwa eksVkS ijek.kq fctyh?kj tkiku
jS Qqdqflek Lgsj eka; 10 fjvsDVj 9090 esxkokV jkS ykxksM+kS gSA i.k lclwa cM+kS
vsd fjvsDVj :l eka; fyFkqvkfu;k jS bXukfy;k esa ykxkksM+ks gSA Hkkjr eka; iSyh
ijek.kq HkVh 28 vDcj 1969 bZ- jk rkjkiqj eqebZ jS [kuS 320 esxkokV jh ykxh
ghA jktLFkku jS dksVk eka; iSyh ijek.kq HkVh 18 fnlacj 1973 bZ- jk 100
esxkokV jh yxkkbth ghA Hkkjr eka; b.k c[kr dksbZ 20&22 ijek.kq HkfV;ka
4500 esxkokV fctyh c.kkoS gS ftdkS Hkkjr eka; c.k.k okh dqy fctyh jh 2
lwa 3 izfrlr jS yxsrxs gSA i.k nqfu;k jh dqy fctyh jh 30 izfrlr ijek.kq lwa
fe jh gSA ft.k eka; kal 70 izfrlr] tjeuh 34 izfrlr] tkiku 25 izfrlr]
vejhdk 19-5 izfrlr] baxysaM 19 izfrlr dwarhth gSA b.k nslka eka; dqy 443
ijek.kq HkfV;ka b.k c[kr dke dj jh gSA lrjS nwtk nsl bZ b.k <ax lwa fctyh
c.kko.k jkS fopkj dj fj;k gSA
ijek.kq jtk fuitko.k lk: dkPpS eky :i esa ?k.kdjk ;wjsfu;e vj
Fkksfj;e dke vk;k djS gSA ;wjsfu;e lclwa iSyk teZu foKkuh Dykizksr 1789
bZ- jk fipCysaM [kfut lwa U;kjkS dj.k jh ?kksl.kk djh vj b.k jkS ukae ;wjsul xzg
jS ukae ekFkS jkf[k;kSA i.k vk pht ;wjsfu;e vkDlkbM ghA iNS 1817 bZ- jk
foKkuh vkQZcsMlu HkS U;kjkS dj.k jh [kir djh i.k iNS Bkg iM+h d ok
pht bZ ;wjsfu;e jkS vkDlkbM bt ghA lsoV 1841 bZ- jk sap foKkuh b- isfyxks
(1811&90) /kkrq ;wjsfu;e uS U;kjh dj.k eka; lQyrk ikbZA b.k jkS lgh ijek.kq
Hkkj :lh foKkuh n-}h+=h esaMyhQ (1834&1901) lu~ 1871 bZ- jk fudkf;ks
vj sap foKkuh ewvklu 1896 bZ- jk vsyks; c.kk;kSA ijek.kq HkVh eka;
fuitkm :i dke vkof.k;ks /kkrq Fkksfj;e gS ft.k uS ikbjksDyksj [kfut lwa U;kjkS
dj.k jh iSykiSy [kir 1815 bZ- jk fLofMl foKkuh otsZfy;l (1779&1848)
88
175
djh gh vj b.k jkS ukae Fkksfj;e ;kfu ?kqjko.kgkj jkf[k;kSA b.k jS iNs 1828 bZ- jk
oS vsdj HkS vsd nwtS [kfut flfydsV lwa fudkf;kS vj uke FkksjkbV jkf[k;kSA
i.k vkS Fkksfj;e 2 gkSA lsoV 1880 jS yxsrxs Fkksfj;e /kkrq :i esa c.kk;kS x;kS i.k
b.k jkS tl ctZsfy;l uS bt nhjhtSA b.k Hkkar ukfHkd fo?kVu okk rRo ftdk
izd`fr eka; feS moka lwa feu[k jh vks[kka.k gqbZ vj feu[k jh lH;rk uS jtk
jS uoS HkaMkj jkS tue gq;kSA
ijek.kq jtk jh eksVh vc[kkbZ gS b.k jh csdkcw fodjk foukld rkdr
ft.kuS dkcw jk[k.kkS eksVkS vj v.kwrkS nksjks dke gSA ft.k jS ika.k 1957 bZ- lwa ys;
u Qjojh 2012 bZ- rd baxysaM :l vejhdk vj tkiku eka; dksb ikapsd gknlk
gks; x;kA b.k eka; lwa iSyks gknlkS 1957 bZ- jkS foaMLdsy jkS gS tn baxysaM eka;
bt uh iwjh nqfu;k eka; bZ ijek.kq foKku jkS l:okrh nkSj gkS vj dke dj.k jh
iwjh gqfl;kjh uh ckijh ghA b.k jS iNS 28 ekpZ 1979 bZ- jkS vejhdk jS Fkzh
ekbYl tkxk gw;ksM+kS gknlkS gS ft.k jS dkj.k vejhdk eka; ijek.kq lwa fctyh
c.kko.k jS fojks/k eka; vsd iwjh tekr [kM+h gks;xh vj vejhdk eka; ijek.kq
fctyh?kj c.k.kk bZ cUn gks; x;kA m.k c[kr jk jkLVifr fteh dkVZj [kqn
ijek.kq baftfu;j gk lks moka Hksh gksorh ijek.kq jk[k jS fuiVku iwjkS uh gkso.k jh
vkM lwa ijek.kq jtk jS /kdys c/kkiS ekFkS jksd yxk; nhA ?k.kdjk feu[k b.k
jksd jS ykjS mBkjh rSy ekfQ;k ykch jkS gkFk crkoS gSA i.k dhadj bZ gksoks b.k jksd
ykjS ijek.kq gknlka jkS Mj bZ HkskS fuxS vkoS gSA b.k jS iNS vkt rd jh lclwa eksVh
nq?kZVuk :l jS ;wsu jS psuksfoy tkxk 25&26 vizsy 1986 jk gqbZ gh ft.kesa
csdkcw jsfM;ks fjvsfDVo eky gok eka; fe.k lwa vkcgok jS [kjkcS lwa 32 feu[kka
jh ekSr m.k c[kr bZ gks;xh vj vsd fjiksVZ jS eqtc dksbZ N yk[k feu[k b.k jh
QsV eka; vk; x;k ft.k lwa pkj yk[k ekSrka dSalj tSM+h csekfj;ka jS Qsy.k ;wa /
kdyk cjlka rd gkso.k jkS dkj.k bZ b.k gknlS uS crk;kS tkoSA fjiksVZ eka; b;wa
crk;kS x;kS gS d b.k gknlS iNS vk?kk usM+k jso.k fQjf.k;k feu[kka eka; jsfM;slu
jkS uki 6000 ,e-,y-oh- ;kfu fefylhoVZ fe;kS ft.k jS ika.k cjlka rd ekSrka
vj csekfj;ka jh >kV ykxxh gh D;wa d feu[k lwa 2-4 fefylhoVZ lwa cnrkS
jsfM;slu uh [kehtSA b.k jS iNs vsd gknlkS tkiku jS Vksfd;ks jS [kuS rksdkbewjk
tkxk gq;kS gkSA vk bZ eksVh nq?kZVuk fx.khtSA i.k 14 ekpZ 2011 jkS Qqdqflek jh
nq?kZVuk iwjh nqfu;k uS fgyk; uS jk[k nhA 400 fefylhoVZ jsfM;slu dksbZ 800&1000
fdyksehVj rd iwx x;kSA nqfu;k jk ?k.kk nslka vkikS vkijk ijek.kq izksxzke jksd
fn;kA i.k ckr rkS vk gS d vka lSax gknlka jS ykjyk dkj.kka ekFkS fopkj fd;ka Bkg
176
dkt;h
iMS+ d lkopsrkbZ vj lsQVh estj ;k :[kk truka eka; [kjkbZ cjr.k lwa vka
gknlka lwa cfp;kS tk; ldS gSA T;wa :l jh nq?kZVuk ijek.kq jhvsDVj jh [kjkch uS
v.kns[kh dj.k lwa gqbZ vj tkiku eka; nsodksi :[kk truka uS myka?k x;kA T;wa
lwukeh jkS lsQVh estj 9 ehVj gkS i.k lwukeh 10 ehVj vk; x;h vj Hkwdai jkS
:[kk vkad 6-5 jhvsDVj Ldsy gkS twdkS 9 jhvsDVj Ldsy rd iwx x;hA b.k
jS iNS bZ ijek.kq jhvsDVj csdkcw gkso.k jkS ekSVkS dkj.k csdkcw c/krh xjeh jS ika.k
d.Vksy jkM jkS fiGx.kkS gSA ft.k lwa jsfMvslu yhd gkso.k jh gkyr vk; tkoSA
vk gkyr jhvsDVj uS BaMkS jk[k.k jkS vsfDVo ljktke ukdke gkso.k lwa vkoSA i.k
ts iEika jS fcuk jhvsDVj uS BaMkS jk[k.k jkS ljktke ft.kuS isflo lsQVh flLVe
dsos gks; tkoS rkS vk vc[kkbZ uh jsoSA i.k tkiku jk pkhl cjl twuk fjvsDVjka
eka; vkS flLVe uh gkS ft.k lwa esYVMkmu jksd.k eka; ?k.kk dki dj.kk ifM+;kA
fcuk iEi mapkbZ lwa xzsohVh jS ika.k ika.kh jh /kkj pkyw jk[kh tk ldS gS ft.kuS
xzsohVh dwfyax dsoS gSA vj jsfMvslu dkcw jk[k.k lk: phu tSM+k eqyd pkSFkh
ih<h jk iscy csl fjvsDVjka ekFkS dke dj fj;k gS ft.k eka; jtk jh fuit /
kheh jsoS vj rki [krjS jS fulk.k lwa 400 fMxzh rd jsosA b.k Hkkar vsfDVo vj
isflo nksuka bZ lsQVh truka lwa gknlka lwa :[kk dj.kkS lh[k.kkS iM+lh vj [kjkbZ
lwa ykxw dj.kk iM+lhA cUnkscLrh iDdh jk[k.k lk: lsQVh estj esaVsUl vj
vuqla/kku vstsUlh U;kjh gkso.kh t:jh gS ft.k lwa fjvsDVj jh eatwjh fuLi{k
jk[kh tk; ldSA gkykafd /kdyk ipkl cjlka rd ijek.kq fctyh?kj jh v.kwrh
dher vj b.kuS [kM+kS dj.k eka; gkso.k okS c[kr jh cjcknh ns[krka Fkdk nsl
eka; jtk jh cnrh ekax uS iwj.k eka; ijek.kq rduhd ?k.kkS lkaxkS rkS uh ns;
ldsyk i.k ijek.kq jtk jk de Hkko vj vkcgok uS lkQ jk[k.k jh dwaor
ns[krka Fkdka b.k uS v.k ns[kh dj.kh c.k uh vkosykA iNS Hkkjr eka; bZ ykjyk 43
cjlka eka; 4 ebZ 87] dyiDde 10 flracj 89] rkjkiqj 31 ekpZ 93]
ujsjk 2 Qjojh 95 vj jkorHkkVk 22 vDVwcj 2002 lesr ikap gknlk gks;
pqdk gSA b;ka eka; c[kr jh cjcknh uS Vk uS ?k.kkS uqDlk.k uh gq;kSA gkaA nks; nks;
cjl rd fctyh?kj cUn jso.k jkS [kkfe;ktkS Hkqxr.kkS ifM+;kS tqdkS de uh gSA
i.k dksjkS tqavka jS Mj lwa diM+k Qsad.k okh ckr Bhd ekuht.k tksx uh gSA D;wa
d vejhdk tsM+kS nsl bZ ftdkS 30 cjlka jh ijek.kq fcth?kjka ekFkS yxk;ksM+h
jksd gVko.k ekFkS fopkj dj.k uS etcwj gS vj ijek.kq jk[k uS fuiVko.k [kkrj
Hkkjr tSM+k nsl lwa 123 jkthukek dj fy;k gSA ckr vk gS d ijek.kq chrkS dke
vk;ka iNS bZ jk[k gq;ksMS+ eky eka; 90 izfrlr jtk cfp;ksM+h js; tkoS ftdh
89
177
?k.kh Hksh gq;ka [krjukd gksoS i.k b.k jk[k uS [kkl rjhdk lwa lks/ku dj uS dke
yh tkos rks ?k.ks Qk;ns jkS dke gSA b.k dke eka; vejhdk tSM+k 45 nslka jh
c.kk;ksM+h vUrjkLVh; jtk vstsUlh vkMh vkoSA b.k jtk vstsUlh jk nslka
ijek.kq fuls/k jkthukeks uh ekuf.k;k nslka uS dksbZ Hkkar jh elhu ;k eky ftdh
ijek.kq VsfDud lwa xUuks jk[kS lIykbZ uh dj.k jh vk[kM+h ys; jk[kh gSA Hkkjr
gkykafd ijek.kq fuls/k jkthukes eka; HkskS uh gS i.k Hkkjr jh ?k: uhrh eka; lu~
99 jS iNS ijek.kq cac c.kk; uS /kehM+ uh dj.k jh ckr Hksh gSA b.k bt uhrh
ekFkS HkjkslkS dj uS vejhdk Hkkjr lwa ijek.kq elhu vj eky jS ys.k ns.k jkS
jkthukeks dfj;kS gSA i.k jkthukes jh ljrka ckcr varjkLVh; ijek.kq jtk
vstsUlh uS crk; uS m.k lwa eatwjh yso.k jkS dke Hkkjr uS dj.kkS gkS tqdkS Hkkjr dj
fn;kSA iNS Hkkjr 45 ijek.kq lEiu nslka jh tekr lwa bZ b.k ckcr ckrphr dj
pqdkS gSA vejhdk mBkjS 1954 jS ijek.kq lg;ksx dkuwu jh /kkjk 123 eka; dha
t:jh cnko eatwj dj u vkS jkthukeks dfj;kS gS b.k [kkrj b.k jkS uke 123
jkthukeks jk[khft;kS gSA b.k jkS [kkdkS gsujh gkbM c.kk;kS gS ftdk m.k c[kr
vejhdh laln jh varjkLVh; lfefr jk v/;{k gkA b.k eka; dha cafnlka gSA i.k
vS cfUnlka dksjh vejhdk jS jkLVifr jh b.k ckcr ftEesokjh r; dj.k lk: gSA
eksVh ckr rkS vk gS d ijek.kq jhvsDVj eka; dke vkof.k;kS ;wjsfu;e tqdkS ijnslka
jh ekVh eka; 12 lwa 14 izfrlr ckijs gS okS Hkkjr lk: [kqn jS ;wjsfu;e lwa lLrkS
gkFk vko.k jkS ekjx [kqy x;kSA D;wa d Hkkjr jh ekVh eka; ;wjsfu;e 0-1 izfrlr
bt ckijS ftdkS lkQ dj uS dke rd iqxko.kkS ?k.kkS ewa?kkS iM+rkSA i.k ts Fkksfj;e
jS ika.k QkLV czhMj lwa dke yso.kkS gksoS rkS ckr nwth gS D;wa d nqfu;k jS 75 izfrlr
Fkksfj;e jkS /k.kh Hkkjr vsdykS gSA ft.k jS ika.k ?kj eka; bt Hkkjr eka; [kqn jS eky
vj [kqn jh rduhd lwa Fkksfj;e QkLV czhMj dydiDde ikoj dkEiysDl ukae
lwa rkfeyukMw eka; 40 esxkokV fctyh?kj c.k pqdkS gSA b.k uS c/kk; u 500
esxkokV dj.k jkS dke pkyw gSA b.k izkstsDV jS lQy gkso.k lwa Hkkjr jh ijclrk
feV tkosykA Fkksfj;e dsjy jS ekykckj leqnz rV jh jsr eka; eksukstkbV d.kk jS
:i ?k.kkS bZ feS gSA i.k b.k dke uS ikj yxko.kks eksVh ckr gSA b.k jS vkMh
jktfufr uh vko.kh pkbtSA T;wa ;wjsfu;e fuit jS vkMh tkxk tkxk jktfufr
vk; mch gSA b.k dkj.k lwa tkMwxksM+k >kj[kaM eka; ;wjsfu;e jh fuit de dj.kh
iM+h D;wa d i;kZoj.k ea=ky; jh jksd ykxw gSA b;wa bZ es?kky; jh Msfefl;y vj
vkU/kziznsl jh iaMqxM+k [kka.kka jkS dke vknw yksdka vj xSj ljdkjh tekrka jksd
jkf[k;ks gSA vkS dke <axks<ax pkys rks ;wjsfu;e jkS vk;kr de dj.k eka; ?k.kkS
178
dkt;h
lkaxkS ykxsA b.k uS Vk uS vejhdk lwa 123 jkthukes iNs Hkkjr ;wjsfu;e jh jk[k
jS lks/ku ;kfu iqulaZlk/ku jh rduhd gkfly dj.k jh gSfl;r eka; vk; pqdks gSA
lks b.k jS ika.k bt ;wjsfu;e jS HkaMkj jkS c/kkikS fd;kS tk ldS gSA nqfu;k eka;
;wjsfu;e jkS dqy HkaMkj 1670 gtkj esfVd Vu dwarhft;ks gSA vkLVsfy;k eka;
dqy ;wjsfu;e jkS 27-7 izfrlr gkso.k lwa nqfu;k eka; lclwa eksVS HkaMkj jkS /k.kh
ekuhtS tBS 463 gtkj esfVd Vu dwarhft;kS gSA Hkkjr nqfu;k jS 2-1 izfrlr caV jkS
/k.kh gS tBS 35 gtkj esfVd Vu eky /kjrh eka; dwarhft;kS gSA i.k fuit jh nhB
dukMk lclwa vkxS gS tBS 8729 gtkj esfVd Vu ;wjsfu;e vkDlkbM lkykslky
fuitS gS ftdkS nqfu;k jh fuit jkS 27-4 izfrlr gSA Hkkjr eka; ;wjsfu;e
vkDlkbM jh fuit 200 gtkj esfVd Vu gS ftdks nqfu;k jh fuit jkS 0-62
izfrlr gSA iwjh nqfu;k jh ;wjsfu;e vkDlkbM jh fuit 31803 gtkj esfVd Vu
gSA ;wjsfu;e jk l[kjk [kfut fipCysaM vj dkjuksVkbV gS ft.k esa ;wjsfu;e
vkDlkbM Hkfj;ksM+ks gksos gSA
b.k ijEijkm jtk HkaMkjka lwa ?k.kh [kir jS iNS bZ gekj jS c[kr feu[k
jh jtk t:jr iwj.k eka; ?k.kh vc[kkbZ vk; jsbZ gSA eksVh ckr rkS vk gS d
rjDdh vj c/kkiS jS lkFkS lkFkS fnuks fnu jtk jh ekax cf/k;ka tk; jsbZ gSA b.k
ckr jkS /;ku jk[krka Fkdka ijEijkm jtk HkaMkjka uS lkaxkS nso.k jk mdjklka ekFkS
iwjh nqfu;k eka; fopkj gks; fj;kS gSA jtk jk xSj ijEijkm ;k uksudUoSuly
lk/ku nks; Hkkar jk gSA iSyk oS ftdk jtk jh fuit c/kkoS vj nwtk oS ftdk
jtk jkS [kjpkS ?kVkoSA nksuka bZ mdjklka jkS fljs HkaMkj vj vk/kkj vsdevsd
lwjt gS ftdkS /kjrh jS jkst jS [kjpS lwa nl gtkj xq.kk cnrh jtk nsoS gSA tS b.k
cnrh jtk uS lko lap u dke eka; yh tkoS rkS r; :i lwa pks[kkS lkaxkS ykx
ldS gSA lwjt lwa jkst vkorh jtk lwa foKkfu;ka uS ?k.kh vkl gSA tS <axks<ax
c/kkikS b.k fnl gksorkS fj;kS rkS vko.k okk c[kr eka; feu[kka uS ?kjcjrkm jksluh
vj chrS jk iblk pqdko.k jh t:jr uh jsosykA ba;w rkS twuS tekuS lwa ;kfu vknw
c[kr lwa feu[k lwjt jh jtk uS dksbZ u dksbZ :i esa cjr fj;k gSA xzhd jkt
eka; tq/k jS c[kr nqleh jk tgktka ekFkS lksj dkpka lwa idka jS ika.k ykb.kkS yxk;
u ck.k jkS fyf[k;ksM+ks feS gSA jtk jk nwtk HkaMkj dks;yk rsy xSl ijek.kq
lkjk ipkl lkS cjlka eka; bZ fuB.k jh gkyr eka; gSA iNS vS uh uh djrka bZ
vkcgok jkS fcxkM+ rkS djS bt gS i.k ijek.kq rkS csdkcw gq;ka iNS foukl jkS
crwf;kS c.k tkoSA b.k nhB lwa bZ lkQ lqFkjh fcuk fcxkM+ dke vko.k okh lksj
90
179
;k lwjt jh jtk jk tru ?k.kk t:jh gks; x;k gSA iNS Hkkjr tSM+k nslka lk:
ftdk lhrksL.k vkcgok jS nk;jS esa vkos gS vkS dkae ?k.kks lc[kkS gS D;wa d vsM+k
nslka eka; lwjt cjl Hkj eka; 200 fnuka lwa 250 fnuka rd iwjkS riS gSA lwjt jS
rkoM+S lwa foKkfu;ka uS ?k.kh vkl gSA b;wa ekuhtS gS d lwjt jtk jS <axks<ax c/kkiS
jS ika.k /kdyS c[kr eka; feu[kka uS fctyh jk fcy pqdko.kk bt uh iM+sykA
Lkwjt lwa jtk fuit vj cpko jk [kl vMka.k vS gSA 1- [kqyk lksj pwyka lwa lh/
kkS rki ys; jtk jkS cpkoA 2- lksj HkfV;ka lwa rkoM+S jS ika.k Hkki c.kk; fctyh
c.kko,khA 3- QksVksoksYVkbd lsyka lwa rkoM+S lwa lh/kh fctyh c.kk; jtk
fuitko.khA vkt bZ ftdk lksyj dqdj ;k lksj pwyka lwa jlksbZ dj.k jh vknr
iVd pqdk gS oS tka.kS gS d nk ckVh dj.k lk: dksjkS rkoM+S lwa bt dke pky
lds gSA vj tS lksj xhtj ?kj eka; gS rkS fl;ks jk ik.kh mukS dj.k lk: dksb
nwtkS chrks uh pkbtSA b.k Hkkar dksjS rkoM+S jS ika.k dke djf.k;k lksj pwyk vj
xhtj Hkkjr eka; 172000 ojx ehVj rkoM+S lwa dke dj fj;k gSA lkFkS lkFkS [kqyk
lksyj pwyka eka; dkp vj nji.kka lwa ika.kh 100 fMxzh lsa- rd mdk uS usQrkysu
tSM+k chrka jS lkaxS lwa Hkki c.kk; Vjckbu pyk; uS fctyh c.kko.k jkS mdjkl
djhtSA b.k lwa 100 fMxzh rd jh jtk jh cpr gks; tkoSA vsM+kS vsd
fctyh?kj eFkkf.k;k jktLFkku eka; ykx.k okkS gkS i.k uh ykxkSA lwjt jS rkoM+s
jS e> mapk Fkack ekFkS ck;yj yxk; dkp jk ysUl vj nji.kka lwa xjeh Hksh
djhtSA b.k HksS dfj;ksM+S rki jh lksj HkfV;ka lwa rik; uS aapS nkc ekFkS ika.kh jh
Hkki c.kkbts ft.k lwa Vjckbu pyk; u fctyh c.kkbtSA lkFkS lkFkS Hkki jh xjeh
uS 40 izfrlr iksVfs l;e ukbVVs ;kfu dyeh lksjks vj 60 izfrlr lksfM;e ukbVVs
jS Hksf;S uS fiG?kk; uS lap u jk[khtS ftdh jkr jk ;k lwjt vyksi gq;ka dke
vkoSA b.k <ax lwa rky vj nji.kka lwa lwjt jh xjeh Hksh dj rki dksbZ 6000
fMxzh rd iqxk;ks tk lds gS i.k Hkki lk: rki 750 fMxzh rd iqxk;kS tkoSA b.k
Hkkar fctyh c.kko.k lk: vsd esxkokV fctyh [kkrj 7000 ojx ehVj nji.k
;k 56 ojxehVj ysUlka jh t:jr iM+SA b.k Hkkar jh nqfu;k jh iSyh vj lclwa
cM+h HkVh lkFkS fctyh?kj vejhdk jS ekstko e:LFk eka; 1980 bZ- lwa ykxksM+h
gS ftdh 354 esxkokV fctyh jh [kerk okh gSA lksyj HkVh lwa chtyh
fuitko.k jh vejhdk jh f[kerk 500 esxkokV jS djhc gSA Lisu eka; b.k Hkkar jk
18 IykaV ykxksM+k gS ftdk dqy 1300 esxkokV fctyh fuitkos gSA vS lkjk
fek; uS lksyj HkVh lwa fctyh fuitko.k jh b.k c[kr dksbZ 2500 esxkokV gS
vj dksbZ vsd njtu nslka esa lksyj HkfV;ka lwa fctyh fuit jh gSA Hkkjr eka; bZ
180
dkt;h
jktLFkku jS Qksnh rglhy jS cki tkxk ekFkS lksyj HkVh yxko.k jh [kir gks;
jh gSA b.k lwa djhc 300 esxkokV fctyh ih-,l- 1 vj ih-,l- 2 ekFkS fuit
ldsykA
rkoM+S jh jksluh lwa lh/kh fctyh fuitko.k jk mdjkl QksVksoksysfVd
lsy lwa fd;k tkoSA lclwa iSyk vYcVZ vkbaLVkbu (1879&1955) vsd
fjiksVZ eka; 1903 bZ- eka; rkoM+S jk fcth izHkkoka ckcr crk;kS gkSA b.k dkae
lk: 1921 jkS ukscy lueku vkbaLVkbu uS fn;kS x;kSA i.k lclwa iSyk QksVksoksyfs Vd
lsy 1954 bZ- eka; vejhdk jh csy yscksjsVjh eka; dke djrka Fkdka Mspfou
dsfYou lwFkj vj xsjkYM islu fe uS tesZfu;e vj flyhdksu lsyfs u;e tSMh+
vk/kh /kkrq rRoka lwa c.kk;k gkA vka lsehesVsfyd rRoka ekFkS rkoM+kS iM+.k lwa
fctyh foHko fuit tkos tqdkS csoM+h vk/kh /kkrw jh iysVka jS tfj;s /kkjk ;kfu
djaV eka; cn tkosA l:okr jk lksyj lsy v.kwrk ewa?kk vj ?k.kh de f[kerk
okk gkA i.k vka lksyj lsyka uS vejhdk jS osaxkMZ nwtS vj osaxkMZ rhtS lsVsykbV
eka; 1958 bZ- vj 1959 bZ- jk dke fy;k gkA b.k jS iNS 1960 bZ- jk bfy;V
ckjesu vka lsyka uS uoS <ax lwa c.kk; uS FkksM+kd lLrk dj fn;kA 1966 bZ- jk iSyh
okj tkiku jS vksxeh vkblysaM eka; lksyj isuy yxkbft;k gkA b.kjS iNs bZ
bfy;V ckjesu yanu jh vsl-ih-lh- eka; dke djrka Fkdka 1969&70&73 rd
lksyj lsyka eka; ?k.kk lq/kkj dfj;kA ft.k lwa 1977 bZ- jk vejhdk eka; vsd eksVh
bekjr jS MkxS lksyj isuy yxk; u fcth nhjhthA b.k c[kr rd ?k.kk ewa?kk
gkso.k lwa dksjh ewa?kh bekjrka vj varfj{k lsVsykbV rd bt fctyh lksyj lsyka lwa
nhjhtrh ghA i.k 1990 bZ- iNS gqbZ uoh [kkstka lwa jkbl foLofo|ky; jk fjpMZ
Lekys tsMk+ foKkfu;ka ikyhej vj cdhcky dkcZu tsMk+ usuks esVhjh;y [kksft;k
ft.k lwa dkp ;k IykfLVd ekFkS vka phtka jkS ysi p<k; u rkoM+S lwa fcth
fuitko.kh ?k.kh lc[kh gks;xhA b.k dke lk: 1996 jkS ukscy lyeku fjpMZ
Lekys uS nhjhft;kSA 1996 bZ- eka; dsyhQksfuZ;k foLofo|ky; jk HkkSfrd foKkuh
lkfjflVlh vj vsyu ghxj lapkyd IykfLVd vj ckdhcky jS ?kks uS dkp
ekFkS yisV u dsIyj foLofo|ky; eka; uoS <ax lwa lksyj lsy c.kk;kA mokajk vsd
lkFkh fLVksQ ckosy 2000&2001 bZ- jk lhesu eka; dke djrka Fkdka ckdhcky
jh tkxk VkbVsfu;e vkDlkbM jk vk/kk pkyd d.kka uS dke yso.kk ekafM;k ft.k
lwa lksj lsyka jh f[kerk nw.kh c/kxh vj lsy lLrk vj c.kko.kk lc[kk gks; x;kA
i.k 2011 bZ- rd phu jk foKkfu;ka jh [kkstka lwa lksj lsy [kklk Hkyk lLrk gks;
x;kA vkt lksyj lsy 10 izfrlr lwa 15 izfrlr rd rkoM+S uS fctyh eka; cn
91
181
nsoS gSA b.k c[kr lksyj lsy lwa pkyf.k;k dydwysVj Vsyhfotu ?kjka eka;
fctyh nsof.k;k lksyj tujsVj lksyj ia[kk vj oSjka lwa ik.kh dk<f.k;k lksyj
iEi c.k pqdk gSA nqfu;k eka; 2011 bZ- rd dqy 67400 es?kkokV fctyh lksj
lk/kuka lwa c.k jsbZ gSA vk dqy [kjps jh vk/kk izfrlr gSA yxsrxs 100 nslka eka;
QksVksoksysfVd lsy dke vk; fj;k gS ftdka eka; Lisu lclwa fljs gS tqdkS 680
esxkokV fctyh lkssyj lsykaa lwa fuitk fj;kS gSA Hkkjr eka; iSykiSy 1981 bZ- eka;
vkFkw.kS tjeuh jS lkaxs esa 10 fdyksokV lksyj IykaV ij;ksx rkabZ yxk;kS gkS tqdkS
vkt 11 yk[k lksyj ykbVka xkek <kaf.k;ka jh >waifM+;ka eka; jksluh ns; jsbZ gS ftdh
70 lwa 100 esxkokV jS yxsrxs dwarhtS gSA Hkkjr jk vsd cksikjh vfer pqx lksyj
lkFkS ykbV behlu Mk;ksM yxk; uS ftdh lksyj ykyVsu c.kkbZ gS m.k lwa Qyl
ykbV jS lkFkS lkFkS lsy Qksu pkjt gks ldS jsfM;ks ctk;kS tk ldS ,e-ih- 3
pykbZ tk ldS vj ik.kh lkQ dj.k jS dke vk ldSA vfer pqx jh lksyj ykbVka
ckM+esj jktLFkkau jS lkFkS lkFkS vejhdk eka; bZ cjrhtS gSA foLo eka; lksyj lsy
QksVksoksysfVd fuit eka; Hkkjr jkS lkroksa uEcj gSA nqxkZiqj vkFkw.kS caxky eka;
ls.Vy esdsfudy baftfu;fjax fjlpZ bafLVV~;wV vsd lksyj lsy lwa pky.k okh
rhu ibM+ka jh fjDlk c.kkbZ gSA jktLFkku eka; crhl esxkokV QksVksoksysfVd
fctyh?kj ykx pqdk gSA vj vckj nqfu;k jkS lclwa cMkS lksyj 64 vseMCY;w
fctyh?kj jktLFkku esa yxko.kkS r; gq;kS gSA
b.k bt Hkkar rkoM+S jh xjeh lwa lh/kh fctyh fuitko.k ckcr teZu
foKkuh Fkkel tku lhcsd (1770&1831) iSykiSy crk;ks gS d nks U;kjh
U;kjh /kkrqoka jS tksM+ uS vsdS NsMS us BaMkS vj nwtS NsM+S uS mukS jk[k.k lwa nksuaw NsM+ka
fcpS fctyh jh /kkjk erS bZ fuit uS csosykA b.k cso.k okh fctyh jh /kkjk jh
ek=k /kkrqoka jh Hkkar vj nksuaw NsM+ka jS fcpS rki jS vkarjs jS eqtc jsosykA b.k jhr lwa
rki ;k xjeh uS lh/kh fctyh eka; cn.k jkS mdjkl fud x;kSA i.k rki jkS
vkarjks 1500 fMxzh jS usM+kS gkso.kkS pkbtS uhrj fuit.k okh fctyh brh de
gksosyk d m.kuSS uki.k uS Vk u dha dke uh ys; ldkaA b.k c[kr b.k <ax <kS
fctyh fuitk; u dksjkS xjeh uS uki.k jkS tqxkM+ ikbjksehVj :i dke esa yhjhtS
gSA i.k vktdky /kkrq Hks jk ?k.kk mdjkl gks; x;k gS lks b.k jhr lwa vsd Hkkar
jkS rki fo|qr tujsVj c.kk;kS tk; ldS gS tqdkS csVjh pkjftax tSM+k NksVk eksVk
dke dk< ldS gSA b.k bt <ax <kS ts /kkrqoka jS tksM+ jkS vsd NsM+kS lwjt jS rkoM+s
jh xjeh uS ysal ;k nji.k jS ika.k Hksh dj u rik;kS tkoS rkS rkoM+S jS rki lwa
lh/kh fctyh fuitkbZ tk ldS gSA b.k bt Hkkar /kkrq xk.k jk dkj[kkuk
182
dkt;h
<kbZ[kkuk vj LVhy jksfyax ehyka eka; dke fuofM+;ka iNS mrj.k ;k cj.k
ft.kuS Lysx dsoS gS m.kuS 1500 fMxzh rd apS rki ekFkS [kqykS NksM u Bkj.kkS
iM+sA ts b.k xjeh lwa lh/kh fctyh fuitkbZ tkoS rkS [kklh Hkyh cpr gks;
ldS gSA
twuS tekuS lwa feu[k [ksrh jkS lwM+ Nka.kk FksifM+;ka vj jksbZ lwa HkskS dj j
yk;ksMS+ chrS lwa fl;kS eka; ri jS lkFkS lkFkS pwYgka eka; ck.k uS dke ysork
vk;k gSA Hkkjr tSMs+ eqyd eka; for ik.kkS vsd eksVkS /ka/kkS gSA vsM+h tkxk xkscj
xsl jtk jkS vsd vsM+kS HkaMkj gS ft.k lwa xjeh jS lkFkS lkFkS pks[kh [kkn bZ gkFk
vkoS ft.k lwa djlka jS Qk;nS jkS c/kkikS gksoSA xkscj xSl lwa dke yso.k jkS vMka.k
iSykiSy Hkkjr eka; 1939 bZ- jk Hkkjr jk foKkuh Jh lh-ch- nslkbZ c.kk;kS gkSA
iNS b.k dkuh ljdkj bZ [kklkS HkykS /;ku fn;kS gkSA xkek eka; djlka lkFkS [kjpS
eka; lkaxkS lkt u dksbZ 38 yk[k xkscj xSl tqxkM+ yxok;k gkA vS tqxkM+ FkksM+k
?k.kk xkeka eka; dke bZ vk;k gkA i.k djlka [kuS vka tqxkM+ka jh lkj laHkk jh
tka.kdkjh vj lk/ku uh gkso.k lwa vS vksNh mej eka; bZ dckM+ gks; x;kA tS
ljdkj vka tqxkM+ka jh lkj laHkk jh tqEesokjh dksbZ [kkl laLFkk jS [kka/kS jk[krh rkS
?k.kS Qk;ns jkS dke gkSA nqfu;k eka; xkscj xSl twxkkM+ka eka; Hkkjr jkS nwtkS uEcj gSA
b.k <ax lwa lksj lsy lksj pwYgk lksj xhtj vj xkscj xSl vS lkjk fek; uS dksbZ
8100 esxkokV fctyh jS cjkscj dke djrk gkA vktdky Hkkjr eka; pko jh
Hkwlh rksikf;ka jk;Ms+ fry ljlwa jk fr.kdyka lwa ck;ksekl fctyh?kj yxko.k jkS
dke bZ fd;ks tk; fj;ks gSA n[k.kkns djukVd jS fdj.koYyw xke eka; lk<h pkj
esxkokV jkS ck;ksekl fctyh?kj ykxksM+kS gS ftdkS iwjS xke uS fctyh nsoSA vkS
fctyh?kj 170 Vu dpjkS jkst [kikoS gSA jktLFkku xaxkuxj eka; pko jh Hkwlh
lwa pkyf.k;ks 25 esxkokV fctyh?kj dke dj fj;kS gSA jktLFkku fljksgh vj
xyhQk eka; bZ ck;ksekl fctyh?kj ykx fj;k gSA Hkkjr esa [ksrh jkS lwM+ Mksdk
rksikf;ka twV ewxQh jk [kksdk pkoG jh Hkwlh tsM+h QkYrw phtka uS de
vkDlhtu eka; xslhQk;j eka; apS rki ekFkS rik; u xSl c.kkbtS ft.k lwa
fctyh fuitkbZ tk ldS gSA Hkkjr eka; b.k <ax lwa dksbZ 375 esxkokV fctyh
fuitkbZ tk; jsbZ gSA i.k vanktu lkB djksM+ Vu [ksrh jkS lwM+ cxhpka jh drju
vj nwtkS dpjkS lkykS lky fuitS gS ft.k lwa djhc 80000 esxkokV fctyh
fuitkbZ tk ldS gSA b.k ekeys jk xq: Kkuh Jh Mk- vfuy ds- jktoalh jh jk;
eqtc 100 xkeka nhB vsd fctyh?kj yxk; uS fctyh jh deh [kkl dj uS xkeka
lk: iwjh tk; ldS gSA vejhdk vj baxysaM eka; [ksrh jS dpjs jS lkFkS lkFkS
92
183
184
dkt;h
gksVyka lwa Qsafd;ksMS+ vsaBokMS+ lwa bZ fctyh fuitko.k jh [kir gks; jh gS ftdh
vanktu dks;ys jh fctyh fuit jh 60 izfrlr fuoM+ ldS gSA
Hkkjr eka; 100 esxkokV jkS fctyh?kj leqnz jh xjeh lwa pky.kokkS rkfeyukMw
eka; yxko.k jh [kir gks; jh gSA
/kjrh ekFkS vsM+h tkxkoka gS tBS irk lwa muS ika.kh jk >j.kk vj Qaokjk
fudcks djSA dSbZ Tokykeqf[k;ka eka; lwa xje xSlka fudSA jtk jS vsd HkaMkj
jS :i eka; vS bZ tka.khts gSA twus jkse jkt jS c[kr vsM+k muS ika.kh jk >j.kka jS
ika.kh lwa ?kjka uS xje jk[k.k jS lkFks fluku laikM+ka vj jlksbZ eka; dke yso.k jh
jhr gh ftdh vkblysaM eqyd eka; vtS cjrhtSA m.k BkSM+ dksbZ 200 Tokykeq[kh
jk ls mBkjh Hkkse ekFkS gS ft.k eka; lwa mukS ika.kh fudS gSA 1904 bZ- jka iSykiSy
b.k xjeh uS bVyh eka; fctyh fuitko.k lk:a dke esa yhjhth ghA b.k c[kr
vejhdk QhyhikbUl vkblysaM baMksusfl;k lesr dksb 24 nsl 10000 esxkokV
fctyh b.k <ax lwa fuitk; fj;k gSA ftdka eka; vejhdk 2000 esxkokV fctyh
fuitk; uS b.k dke eka; lclwa vkxS gSA nqfu;k jS [kjps jh 0-1 izfrlr fctyh
ft;ks Fkjey ;k irk xjeh lwa fuit jh gSA nqfu;k jk 22 nsl b.k dke uS
vaxst.k uS HkS R;kj gks; fj;k gSA
leqnz eka; mBf.k;k Tokj HkkVk jS ika.k vko.k okh maph ysgjka jh jtk uS
leqnz fdukjs eqgkus jh lkadM+h xh ekFks caa/kks c.kk;uS ca/kk lkFks Vjckbu yxk;kS
tkoSA mBrS Tokj lwa vkS Vjckbu pkyS vj tujsVj pykoS ft.klwa fctyh fuitSA
Tokj HkkVk lwa fctyh fuitko.k jkS dke iSykiSy 1961&67 bZ- esa kal jh jsUl
unh jh vsLpqvsjh ekFkS leqnzh Vjckbu yxk;uS l: djhft;kS gkSA m.k BkSM+ 24
esxkokV jk nl Vjckbu yxkbft;k gk ftdk 240 esxkokV jS fglkc lwa cjl Hkj
5440 yk[k ;wfuV fuitkork gkA b.k jh ykxr ?k.kh maph vkbZ i.k foKkfu;ka jkS
eku.kkS gS d vk ykxr /kdyk 16 cjlka eka; olwy gks;xhA
Hkkjr eka; irk xjeh jk HkaMkj tEew dLehj fgekpy xnkdjh dkEcs
xqtjkr osLVdkLV egkjkLV lksukVk ijnslka eka; gSA b.k <ax jkS vsd fctyh?kj 25
esxkokV jkS vkaU/kz iznsl jS [keke ftys eka; yxko.k jkS dke pkyw gSA
/kjrh jkS 71 izfrlr egklkxjka lwa nfc;ksM+kS gSA vS egklkxj lwjt lwa
jtk Hksh dj.k jk tqxkM+ T;wa dke djSA vka ekFkS iM+.k okS lwjt jS rkoM+s jS
ika.k mijykS ika.kh mukS jsoS vj uhpykS ika.kh BaMkS jsoSA b.k muS BaMs ika.kh jS pdj
uS tqxkM+ c.kk; uS ;kaf=d jtk eka; cnf;ks tk lds gS vj b.k ;kaf=d jtk
lwa tujsVj pyk; u fctyh c.kkbZ tk lds gSA b.k ckcr iSykiSy kalhlh
foKkuh Mh- vjluoy 1881 bZ- jk lykg nh ghA i.k m.k tekuS eka; dks;ys
vj rSy jk de Hkkoka uS ns[krka vkS tqxkM+ v.kwrkS ewa?kkS vj vc[kks ykxrkS gS lks b.k
ekFkS iblk yxkko.k uS dksbZ R;kj uh gkSA i.k vkt jh gkyr nwth gSA dks;yk rSy
xSl tSM+k chrk geS fuV.k jh gkyr eka; gS vj ?k.kk ewa?kk gks; pqdk gSA tqxkM+
Bk;ka iNS leqnz jh jtk lwa fcryh c.kko.k uS nwtkS dksbZ Hkkar jkS chrks uh
pkbtSA leqnz jh vk jtk v[kwV gSA b.k uS ns[krka vejhdk eka; b.k <ax jkS vsd
fctyh?kj 1981 bZ- esa 10 esxkokV jkS yxkbft;kS gkSA iNS bVyh kal tkiku vj
Lisu eka; bZ b.k ckcr fjlpZ gks; fj;kS gSA Hkkjr rhu fnlk lwa leqnz lwa f?kfj;ksM+ks
gSA b;wa ekuhtS gS d Hkkjr eka; 80000 esxkokV leqnz lwa fe.k jh xwatkbl gSA
fctyh jtk jkS lclwa lc[kkS :i gSA ft.kuS ft.k c[kr t:jr gksoS
m.k bt leS jksluh xjeh /kqfu vj pqEcd eka; cn uS dke eka; yh tk ldS gSA
vkfndk lwa feu[k fctyh uS cknka eka; iikV djrh ns[k u vpwaHkkS djrkS
fj;kS gSA Hkkjr eka; twuh iksfFk;ka eka; fo|qr ;k rfM+r ckcr fyf[k;ksM+kS i<.k eSa
vkos gSA i.k /kjrh ekFkS iSykiSy b.k jkS lkaijrsd vuqHko bZlk lwa 600 cjl isyk
Fksyht (624&547 bZ-) iSyk uke jS vsd ;wukuh foKkuh dfj;kS gkSA vsEcj jS
MkaMS uS muh diM+S lwa jxfM+;ka iNS Qwl tSM+h gdh pht jS usM+h ys; tko.k lwa oks
MkaMkS fcuk vM+k;ka mokauS [ksap ysorkSA Fksyht vk ckr ns[k u b.kuS esXusV ;kfu
pqacd lef>;kSA i.k vk fLFkjfo|qr ghA vj m.kuS Bkg uh gh d m.k fcth ;wa
vks[kk.k djh gSA m.k [kqn jk ij;ksx vsd iksFkh eka; fy[k fn;kA b.k ckr jS
2200 cjlka iNS 1600 bZ- esa baxysaM jh egkjk.kh jkS bykt djf.k;kS osn lj
fofy;e fxycVZ (1544&1603) Fksyht jh ckrka i< lq.k u [kqn ij;ksx dj
uS vsd iksFkh fy[kh fMesXusVA m.k iksFkh eka; m.k vsEcj jS nkbZ dkp xa/kji vj
es.k eka; bZ jsle lwa jxfM+;ka iNS gdh phtka uS [kqn jh fnl [ksap.k jkS lkxS bt
xq.k gkso.k jh ckr fy[khA b.k xq.k uS fxycVZ bysDVhflVh ukae fn;kSA vkS lcn
;wukuh Hkklk jS lcn bysDVk lwa cf.k;ks ft.k jkS vjFk gksoS gS vsEcj ;kfu rsanw jh
ydM+hA b.k Hkkar fctyh jkS ukae bysDVhlhVh jk[k.k jkS tl fofy;e fxycVZ jS
[kka/kS gSA fxycVZ fctyh uS ij[k.k lk: bysDVksLdksi uke lwa vsd tqxkM+ bZ
c.kk;kS gkSA b.k jS lkB cjlka iNS 1660&70 bZ- eka; teZuh jS ekxMscxZ Lgsj jk
es;j vksVkokau xqvsfjd (1602&1686) fxycVZ jh iksFkh i< uS fctyh uS
xUnji jS xksS ekFkS Hksh dj.k jkS tqxkM+ c.kk;uS Hksh dj crkbZA b.k lwa <kbZ
93
185
chlh cjlka iNS 1709 bZ- jk safll gkDlch uke jS vsd kalhlh foKkuh
xUnji jS nkbZ dkp jkS xkskS ys; dha uok ij;ksx dfj;k vj vsd iksFkh fy[kh
bysDVksfQth;ks esdsfudy ,DlisjhesaVA b.k ckr jS chl cjlka iNS 1729 bZjk baxysaM jS vsd foKkuh LVhQuxzs Hkss dfj;ksM+S fctyh jS pkjt uS 886 QqV
vkarjS vsd rkj lwa ys tk; u crk;kSA fctyh Vkalehlu jkS nqfu;k eka; vkS iSyks
dke gksA gdhdru vs lkjh bysDVksLVsfVd ;kfu fLFkj fctyh ckcr [kkstka gh
i.k [kkst djf.k;ka uS b.k jkS Hkku uh gkSA b.k bysDVksLVsfVd pkjt uS Hksks dj uS
fMlpkjt dj.k jkS iSykiSy dke ysMu foLofo|ky; jS izksQslj ihVjokau
eqfLduczksd iSyks dsihlhVj c.kk; uS 1744 bZ- eka; dj uS crk;kSA m.k c[kr
vsd kalhlh iqtkjh vj foKkuh vscuksysV b.k dsiflfVj jkS ukae ysMu tkj
jkf[k;kS tqdkS vkt rd foKku jS bfr;kl eka; b.k ukae lwa pkokS gSA vS lkjk dke
bysDVksLVdfVd jk gk vj fctyh ckcr dksbZ fl/kkar uh cf.k;k gk i.k ftdh
pht gh ok feu[kka jS eufcyeko vj uhe gdheka jS lk: csekjka uS fpxyko.k
okLrS jkeck.k nok :ih dke vkorh ghA b.k fcpks vejhdk jS foKkuh
csatkfeu sadfyu (1706&1790) 8 twu 1752 jk cknka eka; irax mMk; uS
vk ckr lkfcr djh d rfM+r fctyh gSA vj iNs kal jk foKkuh dwyac psjhl
vxLrhu (1736&1806) b.k fLFkj fctyh jh xf.kr lwa lkjh x.kukoka djhA
b.k dkj.k fctyh jS pkjt jh bdkbZ jkS uke dwye jkf[kft;kSA b.k c[kr bVyh
jk foKkuh yqbZl xsYosuh (1737&1798) uS esaMdka ekFkS ij;ksx djrka Fkdka
ftukojka eka; fctyh gkso.k jkS Hkje gks; x;kSA gdhdru m.k BkSM+ fctyh dke
vkof.k;k /kkrq vj jlk;u jS ika.k fuith ghA i.k b.k Hkje uS rksM+rka Fkdka bVyh
jk vsd nwtk foKkuh ,ysDtsUMks oksYVk (1745&1827) jlk;u jS ika.k fctyh
fuitko.k jkS twxkM+ csVjh c.kko.k eka; 1775 bZ- jk lQyrk ikbZA foKkuh
xaYosuh jS uke ekFkS /kkrq ekFkS tLrks p<ko.k jh f;k jkS uke xsYosukbtslu
jk[khft;kS vj oksYVk jS uke ekFks fctyh jS foHko jkS uke oksYV jk[khft;ksA
oksYVk jh csVjh eka; rstkc jkS irks bysDVksykbV gksoS gSA vkS irks ?kks gkykafd
csVfj;ka eka; vkt rd dke yhjhts gS i.k vBh mBh ys tko.kkS vc[kkS gSA b.k
vc[kkbZ jS mdjkl :i lwdkS lsy ;k csVjh foKkuh ysDysalh ?kks jh tkxk
esxuhtMkbvkDlkbM vj ftad DyksjkbM lkFks ukslknj jh ika.kh lkFkS LVkpZ jh
yqxnh lwa c.kk; crk;ksA b.k eka; tLrs jkS [kskf;ks vsuksM jkS dke djS vj dkcZu
jh NksVh MkaMh ft.k ekFks ihr jh Vksih ykxksM+h gksos ok dsFkksM jks dke djsA
ysDysalh jkS vkS tqxkM+ FkksM+k ?k.kk cnko lkFkS vkt rd jsfM;ks VkpZ VsyhQksu
186
dkt;h
eksckby eka; dke vk; fj;kS gSA b.k jS iNS ysM LVksjst fyfDoM vj yhfFk;e
lkfyM ;kfu lwdh csVfj;ka c.kh ftdh ckjckj pkjt dj uS dke yh tk ldSA
csVjh cf.k;ka iNs jlk;u lwa fctyh fuitko.k jkS uokS mdjkl fud x;kS tqdkS
fctyh jS bfr;kl eka; ekjx jkS eqVke lkfcr gq;ksA vsds lkFkS ?k.kh csVfj;ka
lka/k uS ?k.kh fctyh fuitko.k jk tqxkM+ bZ gq;kA 1800 bZ- jk yanu jh jk;y
bULVhV;wV jk eqf[k;k dkmaV csatkfeu jElQksMZ (1753&1814) dksbZ 200
csVfj;ka lka/k uS m.k c[kr jk lclwa eksVkS lsy c.kk;ks gkSA csVjh jS lkFkS fctyh
ctkj eka; iwxxhA feu[kka jh :fp ns[krka csUtkfeu sadfyu vsd eksfV;kj
foKkuh gEhMsoh jk fctyh ekFkS Hkkl.k fVdV yxk; uS djk;k ft.k lwa fctyh
jS izpkj jS lkFkS jk;y bULVhV~;wV jh ekynkjh bZ c/kxhA baxysaM jk eksfV;kj
foKkuh gEhMsoh (1778&1829) fo|qrfoLysl.k fo/kh jkS vkfoLdkj dfj;kS
ft.k lwa ?k.kk jlk;u vj /kkrqoka jh fuit ?k.kh lwa?kh gks;xhA [kkl dj u m.k
c[kr jh ewa?kh /kkrq ,Y;wfefu;e jh fuit lc[kh gkso.k lwa b.k /kkrq jk Hkko lksus
pkanh jS nkbZ 545 Mkyj jk gk tqdka lko 90 Mkyj ekFkS vk; iwxkA fctyh jS ika.k
vsY;wfefu;e fuit jkS tqxkM+ c.kko.k jkS tl kal jk lsu Dysj Msfoy uS 1854
jk fef;kSA vj iNS 1880 bZ- eka; kal jk bt pkYlZ gky bZ fctyh jh jhr lwa
vsY;wfefu;e fuitko.k eka; lQy gq;kA b.k bt c[kr fctyh jS bfr;kl eka;
vsd [kkl eksM+ vk;kSA 21 vizsy 1820 bZ- jk MsuekdZ jS dksisugsx foLofo|ky;
jh vsd Dykl eka; xq: gsUl ffLp;u vjsjsLVsM (1777&1851) csVjh [kus
jkf[k;ksM+h dEikl jh lqbZ fgyrh ns[khA b.k ?kVuk fo|qr pqEcd jS tue jkS cht
Ugkf[k;kSA vk Bkg iM+xh d fctyh vj pqEcd jS usM+ks xuks gSA foKkuh vksjsLVsM
fo|qr pqEcd ckcr [kkst djh ft.k lwa fofy;e LVtZu 1821 bZ- jk iSyks
fo|qr pqEcd c.kk; crk;ksA b.k js iNs kal jk vsEih;j ,.Ms esjh (1775&
1836) fctyh foHko /kkjk vj izfrjks/k jS lkFkS pqEcdi.kS ekFkS dke dfj;kS
ft.k lwa 1827 bZ- eka; fctyh jh dqaMh jh enn lwa xks pqEcd c.kk; lfd;kA
b.k dkj.k fctyh jh /kkjk jh bdkbZ jkS uke vsfEi;j jkf[k;ks x;kSA vBkjoaS lbdS
eka; ftdk foKkfu;kS jh [kkstka vj lks/k fctyh jS lwa fuit eka; enn djh oS gS
teZuh jk Fkkel tku lhcsd (1770&1831) vj dsjh sMfjd xkl
(1777&1855)] kal jk thu isfYV;j (1785&1945) vj teZuh jk tktZ
lkbeu vkse (1787&1854)A tktZ lkbeu vkse fo|qr /kkjk vj fo|qr foHko
jk lEcU/kka jkS [kqyklkS dfj;ks vj izfrjks/k jk fu;e c.kk;kA b.k dkj.k izfrjks/k
jh bdkbZ jkS ukae vkse jk[khft;ksA b;aw fyf[k;ksM+kS i<.k eka; vkoS gS d vejhdk
94
187
eka; iSykiSy ;a= fctyh fuitko.k jkS tqxkM+ ;kfu tujsVj tkslsQ gsujh
(1797&1878) [kqn jh [kir lwa 1830 bZ- eka; c.kk; fn;kS gkSA i.k tujsVj
iSykiSy c.kko.k jkS tl rkS ekbdy QsjsMs (A1791&1867) uS 1831 bZ- jk
baxysaM eka; nhjhft;ksA b.k c[kr rd fctyh dksjh yscksjsVjh jS lks/k jh pht
bt ghA i.k /kdyk cjlka esa gsufjp ysat fczfVl foKkuh twy tksu izsldksV
(1818&1889) LdksVysaM cklh dsfTou fofy;e FkksEl (1824&1907)
teZuh jk geZuokau gsYegksYt (1821&1894) teZuh jk fLpksQxqfLVo
jkcVZ (1824&1887) vj LdksVysaM jk tsEl DykdZ esDlosy (1831&1879)
fczfVl baftfu;j Q~ysfeax lj tksu ,Eczksl (1849&1945) tSMk+ foKkfu;ka jh
[kir vj riL;k lwa fctyh ckcr ?k.kh ckrka jkS [kqyklkS gq;kS vj fctyh m|ksx
txr eka; feu[k jk dke dkt lyVko.k ykxhA b.k dke lk: bfr;kl eka;
fctyh jh iSyh vkbMsafVdy eksVj csfYt;u jk baftfu;j tsukc fFk;ksfQy
xzse 1873 bZ- jk c.kk; crkbZA 1870 bZ- jS yxsrxs chtyh jk Mh-lh- Mk;useks
;kfu MkbjsDV djsaV tujsVjka uS Hkki jk baftuk lwa pyk; u fctyh ?k.kh tkxk
fuitko.kh l: djnh ghA b.k c[kr fctyh feu[k uS vsd uokS :i ns[kk;kSA
ckr vk gh d vejhdk jk lsE;qvy fQUys czhl ekslZ (1791&1872) [kqn jh
[kir vj [kkst lwa nqfu;k jS iSykiSy rkj ;k Vsyhxzke lwa lanslk esy.k jkS tqxkM+
c.kk; fn;kS gkS vj m.k jkS iSyks njlko 24 ekjp 1844 bZ- jk dj crk;ksA vkS
bZ vsd fctyh jkS peRdkj gkSA b.k bt Hkkar nqfu;k jkS iSyks ?k.kS vkarjS lwa ckrphr
dj.k jkS tfj;kS VsyhQksu bZ LdkVysaM jk vsysDtsaMj xzkge csy (1847&1922)
c.kk; uS m.k jkS njlko 10 ekjp 1876 bZ- jk ns[kk;kSA vkS dke bZ fctyh jS
HkjkslS bt gkSA rkS b.k Hkkar fctyh fnuksfnu ?k.kh egrkm gq;ka x;hA vj feu[k jh
lsok jk /kdyk ikofM+;k p<.k jh rS;kjh dj jh ghA feu[k jS bfr;kl eka; vtS
lwjt vLr gq;kS iNS pku.kS jk dki ?k.kk dj.kk iM+rk i.k jkr gq;ka iNS rSy ;k
crh ydM+h diM+s jh cfr;ka elkyka vkaf[k;ka vkMkS vkorS va/kkj uS esV.k lk:a
lko fuch fuoM+rh ghA lks fctyh jk ljktke geS feu[kk tw.k eka; ilfj;ksM+S
b.k va/kkjS uS esV.k jh /kkjhA fctyh jkS iSyks bud.Ms.ls.V ysEi baxysaM jk
HkkSfrdlkL=h lj tkslsQ Loku foYlu (1838&1914) dkcZu fQykesaV lwa
1870 bZ- jk c.kk;kS gkS ftdkS vsd dkp jS fuokZr ;k xSl Hkfj;ksM+S yksfV;S eka;
lhycan gkSA iNS oS b.k eka; dha lq/kkj bZ dfj;k gkA i.k fctyh jks ckal
fQykesaV lwa isyks ysEi c.kko.k jkS tl vejhdk jk Vkel vYok ,Mhlu
(1847&1931) uS fnlacj 1879 bZ- lwa fn;kS tkoS D;wa d moka fctyh fuitko.kh
188
dkt;h
vj m.k jh ykbu jk ljktke iSyk dfj;k gkA 1879 bZ- fnlacj jk U;w;kdZ gsjkYM
v[kckj eka; vsd [kcj Nih ft.k jS eqrkfcr Vkel vYok vsMhlu vj m.kka jk
lkFkh ,MoMZ xqMfop vsplu (1856&1931) nqfu;k jkS iSyks bud.Ms.ls.V
ysEi ckal jS fQykesaV lwa vkijh esuyksikdZ iz;ksxlkyk eka; c.kk;ks gSA iNS
esuyksikdZ eka; 3000 feu[kka jS lkeh b.k jkS njlko bZ ns[kk;kS gkSA vsMhlu [kqn
vj nwtk b.k jS iNS ysEi jh mej c/kko.k lk: ;k ?k.kh jksluh fe.k [kkrj ?k.kh
[kir djh ft.k lwa fQykesaV cn uS iSyk laLdkfjr dikl vj iNS VaxLVu jkS
yxkbft;kSA bud.Ms.ls.V ysai jh vsd Hkkar gsykstu ysai vk;k ftdk ?k.kh
jksluh nsos vj flusek ;k QksxzkQh eka; 1960 bZ- rd dke vkork fj;k i.k
vktdky vksVks xkfM;ka jh gsM ykbVka eka; bZ dke yhjhtS gSA /kdyk cjlka eka;
uok iz;ksxka lwa 1900 bZ- jS yxsrxs fMlpktZ ysEi vk;k ftdk BaMk jsos vj de
[kkjps eka; nw/k tSM+h /kksh jksluh nsosA vka ysEika eka; Q~yksjsUlsUV uh;ksu ejdjh
lksfM;e vj esVy gsykbM ysai gSA vS ysai dkp jh Hkwwaxf;ka lwa cf.k;ksM+k gksos
ftdka jS eka;yS iklS QkLij jkS ysi dfj;ksM+kS gksoS vj ikjs ;k lksfM;e gsykstu
xSl Hkfj;ksM+h gksoS ftdh fctyh jS djsaV lwa ijkcsaxuh jksluh fuitkosA ijkcsaxuh
jksluh QkLij lwa Nf.k;ka iNS /kksh gks; tkoSA vkS rjhdkS Vh-oh- vj dEI;wVjka
eka; bZ dke yhjhtSA ykjyk fnuka 1999 bZ- iNS vka jk NksVk :i lh-,Q-,y- ysai
bZ ctkj eka; vk;k ftdk lko fNU;hd fctyh [kkoSA
tujsVj vj cYc cf.k;ka iNs 1878 bZ- eka; Fkji;ksM+h vsMhlu bysfDVd
,.M tujy dEiuh uS ?kj ?kj fctyh iqxko.k jh jkt jh btktr 1881 bZ- jk
U;w;kdZ Lgsj jh esug.V cLrh lk: fehA vkS nqfu;k jkS iSyks lIykbZ flLVe gkS
ft.k lwa 900 ?kjka eka; 14000 cfr;ka lwa pku.kkS dj.k uS 1882 bZ- jh 4 flracj
lkseokj jk csikj jk dksb rhu cft;ka fctyh jkS [kVdkS yxkbft;kSA vk 110
oksYV Mh-lh- lIykbZ gh ft.k lwa Mks< esxkokV fctyh nks fdyksehVj jS ?ksjs eka;
nhjhthA b.k fnuka dkj vj dsfjt ;kfu xkfM;ka ftdh twuS tekuS eka; ?kksM+ka lwa
pkyrh gh oS csVjh vj fctyh jh eksVj jS ika.k pky.k ykxhA vka dkjka vj
xkfM;ka uS uokS :i nsof.k;k gk [kkl foKkuh fefDle lj ghjke LVsou
(1840&1916) vj Lisjh vsYej ,Eczkst (1860&1930)A b.k [kkrj Q~;woy
lsy uke lwa [kkl csVjh c.kkbth gh ft.k uS pkjt dj.k jh t:jr uh gh vj m.k
jh mej ?k.kh gksorh ghA D;wa d b.keka; bysDVksykbV ?kks eka; lwa fMlpkjt
gkso.k lwa isyk gkbMkstu vj vkDlhtu xqtkj.k jkS lqHkhrkS jk[khft;kS gkSA b.k <ax
lwa vkS vsd Hkkar jkS jlk;u lwa pkyf.k;kS fctyh jS tujsVj jkS :Ik gkS ft.k eka;
95
189
bysDVksykbV ?k.kdjkS iksVkl jkS 20 izfrlr ?kks gq;k djS gSA b.k eka; gkbMkstu
vj vkDlhtu Q;wy jkS dke djSA b.k uS Q;wy lsy ukae nhjhft;ksA fctyh
fuitko.k jh f[kerk b.k jh ?k.kh gksos vj vBh mBh ystko.k jkS bZ lc[kkS gksoSA
[kkl ckr vk gS d b.k lwa fuit.k okh fctyh jh dher ekFkS b.k jS NksVks eksVks
gkso.k jkS vlj uh iM+sA iNS yksg jh jsyka ekFkS nksM+.k okh vka xkfM;ka ekFkS baftu
vj tujsVj bZ ykfx;k gkA i.k vk Mh-lh- lIykbZ gh ft.k jh eksVh vc[kkbZ rks
vk gh d tujsVj lwa vsd fdyksehVj vkarjs ekFkS vk fuch iM+ tkorh gh vj
iNS b.k eka; oksYV mapk uhpk djf.k;ks tqxkM+ VkUlQkjej dke uh dj ldS gSA
iNS /kdyk fnuka vsM+k ?k.kk dke gq;k ftdk Mhlh lwa ikj uh iM+rkA b.k jkS
mdjkl vs-lh- lIykbZ uS ctkj eka; vko.k lk: /kdyk nl cjlka rd djsaV ;k
fctyh tq/k yM+.kks ifM+;kSA gkykafd elhuh fctyh tue jS c[kr vs-lh- ;kfu
vkYVjusfVax djsaV bt gq;k djS gS i.k csVjh jh fctyh jh udy eka; m.kuS
dewVsVj yxk; uS Mh-lh- eka; cn nh tkoSA i.k vs-lh- eka; dke djf.k;k
lk/ku Mh-lh- lwa lLrk vj lc[kk gksoS gS vk ckr m.k c[k rjk pkok foKkuh
osfLVaxgkml tktZ (1846&1914) jS le> eka; vkbZ vj moka vs-lhjh
odkyr djh vj nl cjlka jh yM+kb iNS vs-lh- ctkj eka; vk; ldhA vs-lhjkS mdjkl VkUlQkjej jk fu;e iSykiSy tkslsQ gsujh (1797&1878) vejhdk
esa 1830&31 bZ- esa [kqykls dfj;k gkA b.k fu;eka jS <ax <kS iSyh b.MDlu
dk;y ksfl;k cklh rkLyk fudksyk (1856&1943) vejhdk eka; 1886 bZeka; c.kk; isVsaV djk;h ghA i.k b.k isVsaV uS vejhdk jh QeZ tktZ osfLVaxgkml
vs.M dEiuh eksyk; fy;kS vj iNS nqfu;k jkS iSyks VkUlehlu MhLVhC;wwlu
flLVe jkS njlko teZuh jS sadQVZ tkxk ekFkS vsd iznlZuh eka; 1891 bZ- jk
crk;kSA b.k njlko lk: vsd c.kkoVh ika.kh jS >j.kS lwa Vjckbu pyk; uS vs-lhfctyh fuitkbZ vj iNS 175 fdyksehVj vkarjS ekFkS ykbu [kkap uS iznlZuh jS
ekaxsM+S ekFkS vsd gtkj cYc yxk; u vs-lhfctyh jh vkarjS rd iwx.k jh
dwaor lkfcr djhthA b.k Hkkar vs-lh- vj Mh-lhjh yM+kbZ eka; vs-lhjh thr
gqbZA lkFkS lkFkS rLyk fudksyk vj osfLVaxgkml jkS vs-lh- flLVe lwa vejhdk jS
fu;kxzk >j.kS lwa cQsyks cLrh rd 1000 gklZikoj fctyh iqxko.k lk: 16
uoacj1896 bZ- jh vk/kh jkr jk nqfu;k jS isyS vs-lh- dke;kc VkUlehlu flLVe
jkS [kVdkS yxkbft;kSA b.k BkSM+ fu;kxzk >j.kS lwa ika.kh jkS Vjckbu yxk; uS
fctyh fuitkbZ ghA gkykafd gkbZ oksYVst vj 800 fdyksehVj lwa cnrS vkarjS
rd Mh-lh- lwa Vkalehlu Qk;nsean gSA kalhlh baftfu;j jSus F;wjh Mh-lh- lwa
190
dkt;h
Vkalehlu jh vsd tqxr bZ crkbZ gh ftdh l[kjh ekuhts gS i.k dke yso.k
okLrs 440 ;k 220 ;k 110 oksYV dj.kk bt iMSA+ ?kjka nqdkuka eka; dke vkof.k;k
lk/ku gkbZ oksYV jk c.kko.kk ewa?kk vc[kk vj [krjukd gksoS gSA lks gkbZ oksYV
lIykbZ uS de oksYV ;kfu 440 ;k 220 ;k 110 oksYV dj.kh bt iMS+A vkS dke
Mh-lh- law v.kwrkS ewa?kkS vj vc[kkS gS vj vs-lh- eka; VkalQkjej jS ika.k lko
lc[kkS gSA varjkLVh; fxzM lk: 800 fdyksehVj lwa cnrh gkbVsalu ykbu Mh-lhjh fdQk;rh ekuhtSA D;wa d /kjrh ;k leqnz lwa nwtS d.MDVj jkS dke fy;kS tk
ldS gSA ikoj lIykb jh Nhtr Mhlh eka; de gksoAS tehnkst dscy bZ yxko.kk
Mhlh eka; lc[kk gSA
njlko :i Hkkjr eka; iSykiSy Q~yjh ukae jS vsd vaxzst 20 tqykbZ
1879 bZ- jk dydrk eka; Hkki jh elhu lwa fctyh fuitk; uS yoka jh jksluh
dj crkbZ ghA 1880 bZ- iNS Hkkjr jk jbZl jktk vj vaxzst [kqn lk:a fctyh jh
jksluh jk ljktkek eka; ykx x;k gkA 1886 bZ- jk jktLFkkau jS chdkusj jk
egkjktk [kqn jS esgyka eka; fctyh jh jksluh jkS bartke dfj;kS gkSA nsl eka;
fctyh uS yxwyx dke yso.k jkS iSyks eksdks gkSA b.k jS nl cjlka iNS 20 flracj
1896 bZ- jk dydrk dkaxzsl vf/koslu eka; lhYM vs.M dEiuh lka> jk C;kw jh
c[kr fctyh jh jksluh djh ghA m.k c[kr vkS vsd ewa?kks lkSd gkSA v[kckjka
eka; b.k jh [kcjka ?k.kS meko lwa Nirh ghA 17 tuojh 1892 jk LVsVesu v[kckj
eka; vsM+h vsd [kcj Nih ghA i.k Hkkjr eka; fcdkm fctyh jkS iSyks fctyh?kj
nkftZfyax E;wfuliYVh Q~;w;e cjcqfV;k vj dksrokyh ufn;ka jS eS ?kkV ekFkS
cka/k c.kk; uS ika.kh Vjckbu lwa 5 fnlacj 1897 jk l: dfj;ks gkSA vkS iwjS
vsfl;k eka; iSyks t fctyh?kj gksA 120000 :fi;ka jh ykxr lwa 135 fdyks
okV jkS vkS fctyh?kj nks; cjlka eka; iwjkS gq;kS ft.k eka; 1931&1935 esa 200
fdyksokV jh nks; elhuka HkS yxkbth ghA b.k jkS ukae flcksax fctyh?kj
jk[khft;ks gkS tqdkS vkt rd dke dj fj;kS gSA Hkkjr ljdkj b.kuS gsjhVst ikoj
LVslu ?kksflr dfj;kS gSA b.k bt Hkkar iSyks rki fctyh ?kj bZ 1899 bZ- jk
dydrk jh fizalstLVhV eka; yxkbft;kSA vka iSyk fctyh?kjka iNS vktknh
1947 bZ- rd Hkkjr jh fctyh fuitko.k jh dwaor 1900 esxkokV rd iwxh gh
ftdh 2012 bZ- rd 90 xq.kk c/k uS 170000 esxkokV jS usM+h iwxxh gS vj feu[k
nhB [kir bZ 18 fdyksokVgoj lwa c/k uS 704 fdyksokVgoj rd iwxxh gSA i.k
vtS ekax vj fuit jS fcpS ftdh [kkbZ gS ok ikV.kh lt uh vk; jh gSA nsl jh
fodkl nj 8 izfrlr cjdjkj jk[k.k lk: fctyh jkS 12 izfr'kr c/kkikS
96
191
lkykslky jk[k.k jh t:jr gS i.k c/kkikS 4-5 izfrlr lwa 6 izfrlr lwa /kdS uh
iwx fj;kS gSA dkj.k ?k.kk gSA T;wa twuk fctyh?kjka jkS cw<kikS uok fctyh?kj
yxko.k [kkrj ibls jkS VksVks dkj[kkuk vj djl.k [kkrj c/krh ekax Lgsjhi.ks jkS
c/kkikSA Ekakx vj fuit jkS Qjd c/k.k lwa fctyh jh deh jh vc[kkbZ cf/k;ka
tkoSA b.k ckcr fctyh fuit c/kk;ka fcuk [kkbZ uS ikV.k jk mdjkl dj.kk
t:jh vj c[kr jh ekax gSA T;wa Nhtr eka; deh yko.kh ftdh 46 izfr'kr lwa
?kVk; u 17&18 izfr'kr rd Hkkjr eka; vk; pqdh gS i.k nqfu;k eka; Nhtr jkS
vkadM+ks 7 izfr'kr lwa 14 izfrlr rd bt gSA rkS b.kuS vkSj de fd;ks tk ldS gSA
fctyh?kjka uS pyko.k lk: ftdh fctyh [kiS gS oks bZ vkadM+ks [kklks eksVks gSA
ts b.k fctyh us lksyj isuy yxk; uS m.k fuit lwa dke pyk;ks tk; lds rks bZ
fuit vj ekax jh [kkbZ esa deh ykbZ tk ldS gSA
foLo eka; dqy fctyh fuit jh BkSM+ lwa dkae vko.k okh BkSM+ rd
iwx.k eka; bZ vk/kh ukl gks; tkoSA b.k cjcknh uS jksd.k jh foKkfu;ka uS ?k.kh gwal
gSA 1911 bZ- eka; Mp foKkuh gsbd dsejfyax vj=s; lhlks jkaxks ikjks tSM+h /
kkrqoka lwa ij;ksx dj crk;ks d tS vka uS ije lwU; (&273 lSa-) ekFkS dke ysoka rkS
b;ka eka; fctyh jh cjcknh uh ftrjh gksosykA t.kS b.k Hkkar dke dj.k okh /
kkr jkS ukae lqij d.MDVj jkf[k;ksA i.k ijelwU; (&273 lSa-) dksbZ pht uS
jk[k.kkS v.kwrkS [kjphyks vj vc[kkS gSA lks /kdyk foKkfu;ka McY;w- esbLuj
vj vkj-vkj-ekbLdsufQYM 1933 bZ- eka; /kkrqoka uS pqEcdi.ks jS ?ksjS eka;
jk[k u ij;ksx dfj;kA b.k lwa dha vkl tkxhA iNS 1955 bZ- eka; gkmLVu
foLofo|ky; jk dS-iky-lh-McY;w-pw- js;j vFkZ ;kfu nqyZHk /kkrq lwa ?k.k
pkyd c.kko.k jh tqxr djhA b;ka lwa oS rki uS FkksM+ksd apkS yk;kA 1957 bZeka; lqijd.MDVj ckcr rhu foKkfu;ka (ts-ckjMhu vsy-vsu- dwij vj tsvkj-LhQj) jS ij;ksxka law ch-lh-vkj- fl/kkUr cf.k;ks ft.k jS eqtc lqij
d.MDVj eka; fctyh jS nkSM+.k jkS dkj.k bysDVksUl jh [kkl gkyr crkbthA b.k
jS iNS 1973 bZ- jk T;wfj[k ij;ksxlkyk jk dkyZ ,ysDl ewyj lsjsfed lwa lqij
d.MDVj c.kko.k jh dksfll djrka rki uS (&240 lSa-) rd yk;kA /kdyk
ij;ksxka lwa rki (&35 lSa) rd foKkuh iqxk; fn;ks gS i.k vtS vkS rki fnu jkr
jS jkst jS rki lwa ?k.kkS uhps gS rkS bZ foKkfu;ka uS vkl gS d /kdyk cjlka rd lqij
d.MDVj c.k tkosyk vj fctyh jh cjcknh jksd.k eka; gx okijSykA
Hkkjr lk: vsd pks[kh ckr vk gS d b.k dkae lk: nqyZHk /kkrq vBkjh /kjrh eka;
?k.kh okijS lks Hkkjr jk foKkuh lqij d.MDVj jh [kkst eka; ?k.kh gwal lwa tqfV;ksMk+
192
dkt;h
gSA b.k eka; lQyrk fe.k lwa ifjpky.k lwa cjckn gksorh fctyh cp ldSyk
vj fuit vj ekax jh [kkbZ iV ldsykA
vsd rjhdkS vse-vsp-Mh- ;kfu esXusVks gkbMks MkbusfeDl VsfDud dke
ys; u lkxS bt elhuks jh dwaor c/kk; uS fuit c/kko.k jkS bZ gSA b.k jhr eqtc
tujsVj jh dwaor c/kko.k [kkrj rkacs jh dqaMh vj fQYM esXusV jS fcpS
vk;ksukbTM xSl ;k nzo jkf[k;kS tkoS ft.k lwa pqEcd c js[kkoka jh ijehfcyhVh
c/k.k lwa tujsVj jh dwaor 47 lwa 60 izfrlr rd c/k lds gSA b.k ckcr lclwa
iSyk fctyh tujsVj jk [kskth ekbdy QsjkMs vejhdk eka; 1830&31 jk jk; nh
ghA iNS 1936 bZ- jk osfLVax gkml yscksjsVjh vejhdk eka; b.k ekFkS fjlpZ dj uS
dksfll djhth ghA 1938 bZ- jk iSykiSy rqekj ns[k.k l: vejhdk eka; dke
gq;kSA iNS iSykiSy dkuwuh isVsaV 1940 bZ- jk vejhdk eka; fc- dsUyksfoV~t
djk;kS gkSA nwtS foLotq/k iNS b.k ekFkS tkiku vejhdk vj :l eka; ?k.kh lks/k
djhthA b.k ckcr vUrjkLVh; X;ku xksB bZ 1962 bZ-] 1964 bZ- vj 1966 bZeka; vejhdk :l tkiku iksys.M vj gkys.M jS Hksi lwa djhth ghA b.k jS iNS
iSykiSy ij;ksx lk: vejhdk eka; 35 es?kkokV jkS fctyh ?kj vse-vsp-MhlkFks yxkbft;kSA i.k fcdkm fctyh lk: iSyks IykaV 1981 bZ- jk vejhdk
eksjksuk tkxk ekFkS yxkbft;kS gkSA iNS 1985 bZ- jk 50 es?kokV vj 250 es?kkokV
Hkki lwa pkyf.k;k vse-vsp-Mh- IykaV yxkbft;kA yxwyx 1992 bZ- jk 50
es?kkokV IykaV cksfLu;k vejhdk eka; yxkbft;ksA tkiku eka; bZ 1996 bZ- eka;
vsd fn[kkm vse-vsp-Mh- IykaV yxko.k jh [kir djhth ghA 1995&96 bZ- jk
Mp ljdkj vsd dks;ys lwa pkyf.k;ks vse-vsp-Mh- 900 es?kkokV fctyh?kj
yxk;ks ft.k lwa 25 izfrlr cpr jh dwar djhth gSA 1995&96 bZ- jk bt :l
eka; bZ vsd 300 es?kkokV vse-vsp-Mh- fctyh?kj xSl lwa pkyf.k;kS yxkbft;kS
tqdkS 500 es?kkokV jkS dke djsykA
Hkkjr eka; lkbal vj VsDuksykth esdeks Hkkjr ljdkj HkkHkk ijek.kq lks/k
laLFkku vj Hkkjr gsoh bysfDVdy jS lkaxs lwa vse-vsp-Mh- VsfDud ekFkS 1979&80
bZ- lwa lks/k dj.kkS ekafM;kS gkS ft.k jS ika.k 1987 bZ- jk vsd VsLV ;q 2 Hkkjr jS vsevsp-Mh- izksxzke ekLdks :l eka; VsLV gq;kSA m.k jS iNS f=pukfiYybZ ekFkS vsd
15 esxkokV jkS fctyh?kj yxko.k jh [kir djhth ghA ft.k eka; lwa 5 esxkokV
jkS IykaV 1996 bZ- rd ykx pqdkS gkSA b.k lks/k jh dke;kch lwa dks;yk xSl ika.kh
iou lc jh cpr vj ?k.kh fctyh jh tqxr gks; tkosykA
97
193
/kjrh ekFkS jtk HkaMkjka jS fnuks fnu fuB.k jh gkyrka eka; feu[k jtk
jk nwtk uok HkaMkjka jh tqxr eka; ykx x;k gSA Nrk tksx lSax HkaMkjka jkS ew
ijeq[k HkaMkj lwjt rkS feu[k jh futjka vkxS gS bt vj lksj jtk lwa dke yso.k
jh jhr bZ fnuks fnu c/kkiS ekFkS gS i.k lksj QksVksoks ysfVd lSykaa jk ewa?kk Hkko vts
feu[k lk: eksVh vc[kkbZ gSA b.k nhB lwa vejhdk eka; jksluh [kkrj gkbfczM
ykbVka jh tqxr gekj gekj djhth gSA b.k eka; vkIVhdy Qkbcj vj fjQysDVj
jh enn lwa lwjt jh jksluh lsax fnu Hksh djhtS vj jkr jk va/kkjk dejka eka;
iqxk; pku.kkS fd;kS tkoSA vejhdk eka; b.k tqxr lwa eky dkj[kkuka vj ikslkka
eka; njlkm jhr lwa vsMk+ tqxkM+ yxkbft;k gSA gdhdru FkksMk+ d cjlka iSyk ySal
dysDVj fjQysDVj ykbV ikbi vkIVhdy Qkbcj jh enn lwa lwjt jh jksluh
dejka eka; ys; tko.k jh fo/kh gh ft.k uS lq/kkj uS vksd jkbM usluy yscksjsVjh
jk foX;kfu;ka lwjt jh jksluh vj fctyh jh jksluh Hks u gkbfczM ykbVka rS;kj
djh gSA b;ka eka; 18 bap xkskbZ jk niZ.k vj dysDVj yxkbtS ft.k lwa iwjS fnu
lwjt jh jksluh Hksh gkscks djSA b.k uS Mk;ehVj dysDVj flLVe 127 vkIVhdy
Qkbcj jk gkbfczM flLVe lwa tksMs+A ft.k eka; V~;wcykbV tSM+h MkafM;ka ykxksM+h
gksoS ftdh lwjt jh jksluh uS pk:aesj Qsyk; nsoAS vsd dysDVj lwa 8&12
gkbfczM ykbV fQDlpj tqfM+;ksMk+ gksoS ftdk vsd gtkj oxZ QqV tkxk txex
djnsA ykbV uS dejka rd iqxko.k lk: ikbi dke yhjhtS ftdka eka; lsalj
ykxksM+k gksoS oS dejs eka; t:jr ekQd jksluh djSA FkksM+k fnuka iSyk tkiku jk
ftdk vkIVhdy Qkbcj cf.k;k gk moka eka; dkp jk niZ.k gkso.k lwa [kpkZs dksbZ
16 :fi;k oxZQqV vkorkS gkS i.k foKkuh vyZ vj mokajk csfy;ka lksyj dysDVj
jh BksM+ IykfLVd jk niZ.k yxk; uS [kpZ ?k.kkS de dj fn;kSA geS ba;ka ekFkS nks; lwa
rhu :fi;k jkS [kjp vsd oxZQhV jksluh lk: vkoS gSA eksVh ckr rkS vk gS d
b;ka jh jtk dke yso.k jh dwaor 60 izfrlr rd gSA tnfd lksyj lsy ?k.khlwa
?k.kh 15 izfrlr jtk dke ys; ldS gSA lwjt jh jtk uS dke yso.k jkS vsd
tqxkM+ fodjk lksyj lsVsylbV ikoj gkml bZ c.kko.k jh [kir b.k c[kr gks;
jsbZ gSA vS ikoj gkml varfj{k esa lsVsykbV ;kfu mixzg :i yVdrk jsosyk vj
lwjt jh jksluh lwa lh/kh fctyh c.kk; ok;jysl ekbksoshDoaaslh VkUlehlu lwa
?kjrh ekFkS ykxksMk+ eksVk eksVk vsaVsuk ;k ystj jS tfj;s fxzM rd fctyh iqxkosykA
b.k dke eka; uklk eka; 25 cjlka rd dke dj pwdk vj isfjl varfj{k
vdkneh jk eqf[k;k Jh tku esufdal iwjS tksl lwa ykxksM+k gSA fdyksehVjka jh
pkSM+kbZ okk vS ikoj gkml /kjrh jh Hkwe/; js[kk jh lh/k eka; varfj{k eka;
194
dkt;h
t:jr eqtc ?k.kk c.kk; yxkbtsykA HkfoL; jh jtk jS b.k mdjkl jh eksVh
vc[kkbZ gS b;ka jh vjcka jh ykxr varfj{k eka; iljrS dpjS uS jksd.k okk
dkuwuka jkS lqyVkM+kS vj b.k lk: U;kjkS ctkj [kM+kS dj.k jh nksjkbZA foKkfu;ka jkS
vUnkt gS d 2050 bZ- rd dUVksYM gkbMkstu Q~;wtu eka; dke;kch fe
tkosyk ft.k lwa jtk jkS v[kwV HkaMkj gkFk ykx tkosykA uh rkS ijek.kq fQlu lwa
pkSS rki ys; u ika.kh lwa gkbMkstu U;kjh dj uS gkbMkstu bat.k lwa fctyh ;k
jtk fuitkbZ tkosykA b.k ckcr phu tsM+k nsl ika.kh jS bysDVksykbV [kaM.k lwa
gkbMkt
s u fuitk; uS m.k lwa jtk fuitko.k jkS vsd Q~;woy lsy c.kk;kS gSA b.k
lwa jSy xkMh pyk; crkbZA i.k b.k lwa NksVh xkfM;ka uh pky ldS D;wa d gkbMkstu
uS lkFkS jk[k.k lk:a ?k.kh tkxk jh t:jr iM+SA b.k <ax jh jSy xkMh vejhdk bZ
pyko.k jh tqxr dj fj;kS gSA gkbMkstu jS nkbZ ghyh;e xSl bZ jtk jkS HkaMkj
ekuhtSA ghyh;e pkan ekFkS [kklh Hkyh crkbtSA iwjh nqfu;k jS pkbtrh fctyh
iphl Vu ghyh;e lwa fuitkbZ tk ldSA t;ukjk;.k O;kl ;wuhojlhVh jk
HkwfoKku foHkkx jk v/;{k Mk- vse-vsl- lhlksfn;k jkS eku.kkS gS d /kdyk fnuka
varfj{k ;kuka jS ika.k pkan lwa ghyh;e vka.khtsyk vj /kjrh ekFkS fctyh
fuitkbtsykA vS lsax jtk jk HkfoL; jk mdjkl gSA i.k dkj[kkuk djl.k vj
Lgsjka eka; feu[k jh thoktw.k eka; c/krh fctyh jh t:jr iwj.kh feu[k lk:
?k.kh eksVh pqukSrh gSA
ppp
98
196
eqk&ewa?kkbZ&feu[k
lq.ktkS b.k lalkj eka; dk :fi;kS dk jakeA
vsd ys tkoS lqjx eka; vsd lq/kkjS dake!
RkkS :fi;kS ;kfu eqnzk euh ;k djSalh feu[k jk [kqn jh tw.k lq/kkj.k lk:
dfj;kSM+k [kkl ikap vkfoLdkjka eka; lwa vsd ?k.kkS egrkm vkfoLdkj gS ftdks
gtkjka cjlka lwa feu[k jkSS dke lq/kkj.k jkS vMka.k cf.k;ksM+kS gSA b.k [kkrj bt
dghtS gS d iblkS [kqnk rkS uh gS i.k [kqnk lwa de bZ uh gSA feu[k lH;rk jS
c/kkiS jS lkFkS lkFkS iSyh [kkst ibM+S jh djh ft.k lwa dke dj.k jh nksjkbZ de
dj.k jkS mdjkl gq;kSA nwth [kkst feu[k vxuh jh djh ft.k lwa xjeh jkS tqxkM+
gq;kSA feu[k jh rhth [kkst djl.k ;k [ksrh gh ft.k lwa isV HkjkbZ lksjh lksjh
gkso.k ykxhA feu[k pksFkkS vMka.k Hkklk jS :Ik esa [kksft;kS ft.k jS ika.k varl uS
nwtS lkeh m?kkM+.kkS vj nwtS jh ckr le>.kh lh[khA b.k bt Hkkar feu[k jh
ikapoha [kkst eqnzk gh ft.k lwa vkiljh eka; pht cLr jkS ys.k ns.k cksikj lksjks
lksjks lyVko.kkS ikj ifM+;kSA eqnzk dabZ gS b.k ckcr ?k.kk vjFklkfL=;ka ?k.kh
extekjh djh vys[kwa ifjHkklkoka ?kM+h vj ?k.kk ukae jkf[k;kA T;wa for] uka.kkS]
iblkS] dksMk] Vdk] nke] eqnzk] eksgj] euh] djSalh] Mkyj] :cy] ikamM] ;wjks] ;su
vj yhjkA rkS ftrjh Hkklkoka m.k lwa cnrk ukae vj ftrjk ukae m.k ekQd eqnzk
vkijk :Ik bZ cnf;kA T;wa eqnzk jkS vsd twukS ukae gS forA for jkS vktdky
lh/kks vjFk gksos /ku [ktkukSA i.k for dksbZ tekuS eka; ikf;ksM+k ftukojka uS
dsork gkA vkt bZ xkeka eka; for jkS vjFk gksos gS Iklq/kuA b.k jkS dkj.k d oSfnd
dk eka; xk; ?kksM+k cdjh tSM+k ftukojka lwa eqnzk jkS dke yhjhtrkS gkSA dksbZ
feu[k jh ekynkjh m.k jS ikf;ksM+k ftukojka jS fglkc lwa dwarhtrh ghA iNS
ys.k&ns.k bZ xk;ka ?kksM+ka jh vkM eka; djhtrkS gkSA T;wa vsd xkk; jS cnS esa lkS
eki /kkau ;k vsd ?kksM+S jS lkVS nl xk;kaA b.k c[kr jk xzaFkka eka; b;wa fyf[k;ksM+kS
feS d Qyk.kk fjlh lwa C;kao [kkrj csVh jS cki lkS L;ked.kZ ?kksM+k ekafx;kA b.k
Hkkar for ;kfu eqnzk jkS dke xk;ka ?kksM+ka lwa yhjhtrkS gkSA b;wa bZ dkSMh vsd izkphu
dkt;h
NksVkS flDdkS ;k eqnzk jh NksVh bdkbZ gq;k djrh gh lks dksMh ;k dksMk bZ eqnzk jkS ukae
tk.khtSA vj gdh gSfl;r jk feu[k uS nks; dksMh jkS feu[k crko.k jh dgkor
bZ pkyxhA dksbZ lksnkS ysso.kkS gksoS rkS >V ns.kh iwNhtS d dksMk [kuS gS d uh\ Eqknzk
jkS vsd ukae gS uka.kkS ftdkS laLd`r lcn uk.kde~ lwa cf.k;kS gS ft.k jkS vjFk gksoS
gS /kuA b.k lwa cf.k;kS lcn uk.kwVh ;k uka.kkgVh vsM+h nqdku uS dsoS tBS twuk uksVka
vj jstdh jh vnyk cnh djhtSA eqnzk nkae lwa bZ tka.khtS gS ftdkS laLd`r nze
lwa cf.k;kS gSA nze vsd flDdS jkS ukae gkS ftdkS vsd :fi;S jkS pkhlOkkSa fglkS
gq;k djrkS gkSA b.k lwa bZ cf.k;kS lcn neM+h ft.k jkS eksy vsd iblS jS vkBoS fglS
ftrjkS gksoAS rkS datwl [kkrj dghtS d peM+h tk; i.k neM+h uh tk;A b.k bt
Hkkaar VdkS laLd`r Vad lwa cf.k;ks gS ftdkS vsd NksVS flDdS jkS uke gkSA ft.klwa
vksNS feu[k uS VdS jh VkV dso.k jhr pkyxhA xqIr dk jS vsd NksVS flDdS i.k
lwa bZ NksVkS gkso.k lwa i.kkal law iblkS dghtS vj pkanh ;kfu :iS jkS gkso.k lwa :fi;kS
cktSA vkS :fi;kS d ;kfu elhu lwa c.kk;kS tkorkS b.k dkj.k b.k uS dnkj bZ
dsork gkA ft.k lwa mejnkau th ykl tSM+ka Hkt dnkje jh ?kkbZ bZ ekaMh ghA
cksyh vj Hkklk jS Qsj lwa U;kjk U;kjk ukaek lwa vks[kht.k okh eqnzk uS laLd`r
eka; eqnzk dso.k jkS vsd [kkl dkj.k gSA eqnzk jkS lh/kkS E;kukS gS jktk ;k gkde jh
lgh lkfcr dj.k jh lk[k Hkj.k okh Nki ;k vsyk.kA T;wa dksbZ dkxn ekFkS
gqde fy[k uS dfj;ksM+k nl[kr jS gsVS lgh eku.k uS dksbZ [kkl vsyka.k jh Nki
yxkbtS m.k Nki jS BIiS uS eqnzk dsoS gSA rkS ctkj lwa lksnkS lqyQkS yso.k jS cns
jktk jh Nki jkS ftdkS flDdkS nhjhtrkS m.k jkS ukae eqnzk gks; x;kSA laLd`r eka;
ftdkS vjFk eqnzk lcn jkS gS okS bt vjFk vjch eka; flDdg vj Qkjlh eka;
eksgj jkS gSA b.k Hkkar eqnzk lcn vsd [kkl vjFk jS ?ksjs eka; vk; x;kSA ft.k jkS
vjFk gksoS ok pht ftdh lksnS fcpS lk[k jh [kjkbZ ;k xkjaVh ns; ldS ok
eqnzk cktsA b.k dkj.k eqnzk jkS vsd ukae jksdM+ bZ gS D;wad ok lksns uS jksd jk[kSA
twuS Hkkjr eka; eqnzk ?k.kdjh lksus jS flDdS jS :Ik gksorh gh ftdh lksns eka; vj
jkt jS dj :i vaxsth tkorh ghA vj Hksh gq;ka /ku ;k y{eh c.k tkorhA b.k
<ax <kS vaxzsth eka; euh jkSS vjFk vkS bt gS ftdkS Hkkjr eka; y{eh jkS gSA
vaxzt
s h eka; euh ysfVu Hkklk jS lcn ekusVk lwa cf.k;kS gSA eksuVs k twuks ukae jh vsd
nsoh jkS ukae gS ftdh ;wuku jk foL.kq twihVj jh vsd yqxkbZ ghA b.k nsoh jk feUnj
eka; dksbZ tekuS eka; lksus jk flDdka jh <kbZ djhtrh ghA vS flDdk eqnzk :i
dke vkork gkA ft.k lwa eqnzk jkS ukae euh jk[khft;kSA i.k euh jkS vjFk eqnzk uh
99
eqnzk&ewa?kkbZ&feu[k
197
gks; u /ku ;k y{eh jS usM+kS y[kkoSA D;wa d eqnzk /ku :Ik ok pht gS ftd.k jS
ika.k dksbZ [kkl Hkkse vj dkuwu jS nk;jS eka; lksnkS fd;kS tk ldS vj m.k
nk;jS eka; ok eqnzk lk[k jh [kjkbZ idh jk[kSA b.k nhB lwa vaxzsth eka; djSUlh
lwa eqnzk jkS vjFk fy;kS tkoSA djSUlh lcn djSaV lwa cf.k;kS gS ft.k jkS vjFk gksoS
pyk;ekuA rkS djSUlh ok euh gS ft.k jh vks[kka.k dksbZ [kkl Hkkse ;k jkt jh
eqnzk jS :Ik djhtSA T;wa Hkkjr jh djSUlh :fi;kS vj vejhdk jh djSUlh MkyjA
b.k Hkkar ftrjk vktkn nsl gS mrjh Hkkar jh djSUlh b.k c[kr pky jh gSA iNS vka
lkjh eqnzkoka jh vkijS nsl jh ekyh gkyr jS eqtc dher bZ dwarhtSA T;wa vsd
Mkyj gekj lkB :fi;ka jS cjkscj ekuhtS gSA i.k vS dherka bZ ctkj jS Hkkoka
eqtc ?kVrh c/krh jsoSA
bfr;klka jS vkax.kS eqnzk lH;rk jS lkFkS lkFkS c/kkikS dfj;kS vj ?k.kk :Ik
cnf;kA nqfu;k eka; vk[ksV dk lwa eqnzk dksbZ u dksbZ :Ik gkso.k jk vsyk.k feS
gSA iNS ykjyk v<kbZ gtkj cjlka lwa rkS eqnzk flDdka lwa ys; uS dkxnh uksVka rd
vkijk ?k.kk jax cnf;kA T;wa vk[ksV dk eka; feu[k ftukojka jh [kky
gkMfd;ka lhax dsl lhfi;ka la[k tSM+h phtka eqnzk :Ik dke eka; ysork gkA m.k
c[kr eqnzk dksjkS lksnS jkS vsyka.k :Ik bt gksosykA ft.k jS ika.k dfj;ksM+kS lksnkS ;kn
jkf[k;kS tk ldSA vsfl;kfVd c[kr eka; n[k.kkns lkxj jS Vkiqoka ekFkS jsof.k;k
dkdjka vj HkkVka uS eqnzk :Ik dke ysork gkA Hkkjr eka; iwoZ oSfnd dk vj
mRrj oSfnd c[kr eka; xk;ka vj ?kksM+ka uS eqnzk :Ik dke yso.k jh fyf[k;ksM+h
feSA b.k bt Hkkar /kdyk c[kr pht cLr jh vnyk cnh lwa bZ dke
fudkhtrkS gkSA vk jhr bZLoh jS ckjoSa lbds rd pkyw ghA iNS xzhd vj Hkkjr
eka; /kku vj yw.k uS eqnzk :Ik dke yso.k jh jhr bZ ckijh ghA xzhd eka; Qksft;ka
uS ixkj :Ik yw.k fn;kS tkorkS ft.k lwa vkt bZ ixkj jkS ukae vaxzsth eak; lsysjh
dsoS gSA D;wa d xzhd Hkklk eka; lsysfj;e yw.k jkS uke gSA b.k lwa yw.k gjke uh
gkso.k jh dgkor bZ c.kxhA /kku :Ik eqnzk uS jktLFkkauh Hkklk eka; dh.kks dsork gk
ftdh vkt bZ dBsb dBsb pkyw gSA feu[k dh.ks jS cnS lkx lCth lkeku ykork
vj dkjhxjka uS dke jS cnS /kku nso.k jh jhr vtS ns[k.k eka; vkoS gSA b;wa bZ
pht cLr jh vnyk cnh jh [kksM+ka bZ dBsu dBs ns[k.k esa vkos gSA i.k oLrq
fofue; ;k pht cLr jh ?k.kh vc[kk;ka ghA T;wa vjFklkL= eka; vsd ckr
ysfQ~VusUV dseju jh ?k.kh pkoh gS d oks vsM+h tkxk iwx x;kS tBS oLrq fofue;
lwa cksikj gksorkS gkSA moka uS vsd uko jh t:jr ghA t.ks oS uko lksnhA i.k uko
ft.k [kus gh m.k uS gkFkh nkar pkbtrks gksA t.ks oS gkFkh nkar lksfn;kS i.k gkFkh nkar
198
dkt;h
ft.k [kuS gkS m.k uS diM+S jh t:jr ghA t.ks moka uS diM+kS lksn.kkS ifM+;kSA
diM+ks ft.k [kuS gkS m.k rkj jh ekax djhA rkj dsejku [kuS ykn x;kSA t.ks tk;
oS rkj ns; diM+kS fy;kS diM+kS ns; gkFkh nkar fy;kS vj gkFkh nkar ns; moka uko
yhA b.k <ax jh vc[kk;ka lwa ?k.kh okj rkS oLrqfofue; lwa fef;ksM+h phtka bZ
feu[k uS eqfLdy eka; ?kky nSA T;wa vsd ukp.k xko.k okh oLrq fofue; jh BksM+
tk; uS vkijk [ksy ns[kk;kA t.ks m.kuS bukae :i xk; cdjh x/kk eqxhZ tSM+h
phtka fehA b;ka ftukojka uS ik.k lk: m.kuS jkst [ksy crk; pkjkS nka.kkS HkskS
dj.kkS iM+rkS vj [kqn jS isV ik.k jkS iM+iap U;kjkS gkSA lks lsoV de pkjkS nka.kkS
fe.k lwa oS ftukoj bZ ej [kwV x;k vj m.kuS ok tkxk NksM.k uS bZ vc[kkbZ vk;
iwxhA b.k Hkkar vsd mnkgj.k b;qa le> ldka d ekuyks dksbZ vkneh uS [kqn jh
tk;nkn osp uS nwth BksM+ tko.kkS gksoS vj m.kuS edku nqdku lSeku jS cnS eka;
1000 xk;ka fe tkoS rkS moka uS ys; tko.kks m.k lk: lt uh vkosykA b.k xr jh
vc[kk;ka lwa ikj iM+.k lk: feu[k dha nwtk mdjklka jh [kkst eka; gkA ft.k lwa
/kkrq eqnzk jkS tye gq;kSA /kkrq jk Hkkar Hkkar jk VqdM+ka vj rkfM+;ka uS eqnzk jkS :Ik
nhjhft;kSA phu eka; blk iSyk bX;kjoS lbds eka; /kkrq [kkl dj uS ewa?kh /kkrqoka
T;wa lksuks pkanh jk pksdksj frdq.kk xks VqdM+k vj rkfM+;ka U;kjS U;kjS Hkkj jk eqnzk
:Ik dke eka; fy;k tkorkA b.k jS iNS bfr;kldkj ghjksMksVl (484&420&30)
bZlkiSyk fyf[k;kS gS d yhfM;k ;kfu vkt jh VdhZ jS jktk ks;l (580&546)
bZlk iSyk vkijk flDdk pyk;k gkA vk ckr b.k jh lk[k HkjS gS d bZlk lwa dksbZ
lkr lkS cjl iSyk yhfM;k eka; foLo jh iSyh jkt jh dkuwuh eqnzk pkyxh ghA
b.k jS iNS pksFkS lbds bZlk iSyk czkg~e.k dk lwa Hkkjr eka; bZ /kkrq eqnzk jkS pyu
gks; pqdkS gkSA rkS osfnd dk jh xk; ?kksMk+ a vj oLrqfofue; lwa cnko dj eqnzk
czkg~e.k dk lwa lksus pkanh jk flDdka rd iwxh ftdh yksnh vj eqxy dk eka;
eqnzk jS Qsyko jS dkj.k tn NksVk de eksy jk flDdk jh t:jr iM+h t.kS rkacS jk
flDdka jkS lkFk HkS >sfy;kSA b.k Hkkar eqnzk eqxydk lwa bLVbafM;k dEiuh rd
iwxh ft.k c[kr Hkkjr eka; dksb 994 uo lks pksjk.kq Hkkar jk flDdk py.k esa gk
ftdka esa jktLFkkau jk xf/k;kS] fctSlkgh] /khaxykS] Mksf<;kS] f=lqykS] mnSijq h Lo:Iklkgh
vj <Ccw ukae jk flDdk bZ Hksk gkA i.k b.k /kkrq eqnzk jh [kqn jh ?k.kh vc[kk;ka
ghA T;wa /kkrq jh bQjkr ;k deh gkso.k lwa eqnzk jS eksy eka; Qjd vko.kksA /kkrq
eka; [kksV fek; [kksVk flDdka jkS pyu gkso.kksA flDdka jS ?klht.k lwa /kkrq jkS
[kjkckS vj dher eka; Qjd vko.kkSA iNS lclwa eksVh vc[kkbZ flDdka jh ?k.kh
100
199
ek=k vsdh BkSM+ lwa nwth BkSM+ ys; tko.k jh ghA b.k vc[kk;ka jk mdjkl bZ twuS
Hkkjr eka; dfj;k x;k gkA twuS tekuS lwa bZ gwafM;ka :dk vj iVka jkS pyu gkS ft.k
eqtc flDdk uh ys; tk; u dksjk flDdka jk :dk ys; ns; uS vk?kh uSMh+ Hkka;
dke pykork gkA vS gwaMh vj :dk bt dkxnh eqnzk jk cMsjk gk lkFkS lkFkS cSadka
jh uhao bZ vka lwa iM+hA b.k bt Hkkar dkxnh eqnzk vko.k lwa iSyk cSadka jh gqafM;ka
vj MkQ dkxnh eqnzk jk l:vkrh :Ik gkA b.k Hkkar jh dkxnh eqnzk jS py.k
ckcr 760 bZ- jS phu jS bfr;kl eka; bZ fyf[k;ksM+kS i<.k eka; vkoS gSA i.k uoS
tekus eka; iSykiSy dkxnh eqnzk vj cSad uksV vaxt
s .k jh lykg nsof.k;kS LdkfVLV
vjFk'kL=h yk Tgku (1671&1729) gkS ft.k 1705 bZ- jk iSykiSy cSad uksV
vj dkxnh eqnzk jkS izLrko jkf[k;kS gkS ft.k uS 1716 bZ- jk kal ljdkj eku
fy;kSA b.k lwa iSyk 1694 bZ- jk Fkjfi;ksM+kS cSad vkQ baXysaM ftdkS cSad cankscLrh
jh eka cktS gS m.k uS ljdkj jh rjQ lwa uksV Nki u pyko.k jkS gd cfDl;ksM+kS gkS
i.k b.k cSad jkt cSad jS :Ik 1844 bZ- lwa dke l: dfj;kSA b.k <ax lwa kal jkS
csaD;w tujy iSyks jkt cSad gkS ft.k uS dkxnh uksV Nki.k jkS gd fef;ksA ft.k
jS iNs 1800 bZ- jk nqfu;k jkS iSyks cksik: cSad cSad Mh sal [kksfy;kS x;kS ft.k jk
Fkji.kgkj Hkkxhnkj usiksfy;u cksukikVZ [kqn gkA vejhdk eka; ?k: >xM+S jS
c[kr xzhu cSad uke jh dkxnh eqnzk pkyh ghA dkxnh uksVka eka; tk lkth vj
udy jksd.k jk mdjkl okVjekdZ jS :Ik esa gkykafd 1270 bZ jk vsd kal jh
dkxn ehy btkn dfj;k gk i.k mokauS uksVka ekFkS dke ys; :[kk jh nhB lwa
cnko ykof.k;k dke vejhdk jk foKkuh fMDlu tkslsQ (1799&1869)
dj crk;kA oka QksxzkQh vj NikbZ jS es lwa QksyhFkksxzkQh jh [kkst djh
ft.k lwa uksVka vj psdka jh jaxhu NikbZ jS lkFkS lkFkS :[kk vsyka.kk lwa tkCrS jk
tru gks; lfd;kA gekjk jk uksVka ekFkS ftrjk :[kk vsyka.k gS oS lSax
QksyhFkksxzkQh jh djkekr gSA b.k jS iNS uksVka vj psdka jS mf.k;kjS uS fl.kxkj
uokS :Ik nso.k jkS dke psdksLyksokfd;k jk rlohj mds: ewpkvsyQsalk
(1860&1939) dfj;kSA moka 1922 jk ftdkS uksVka jkS [kkdkS c.kk;kS gkS oks FkksM+S
?k.kS Qsj cn jS lkFkS vkt rd dke vk; fj;kS gSA b;wa uksVka jh NikbZ lk: lclwa
eksVkS dkj[kkukS Fkke Mh yk psuyvkbysaM jha xsjaXos tkxk ykfx;kS gkSA b.k dkj[kkuS
eka; uksVka jh fMtkbu vj Nkik[kkuS jh elhuka bZ c.kkbZ tkorh ghA
Hkkjr eka; bLV bafM;k dEiuh vkbZ ftrS lksuS pkanh vj rkacS jk flDdk
pkyrk gkA b;ka jh U;kjh U;kjh dherka vkiljh ys.k ns.k eka; ?k.kh vc[kkbZ [kM+h
djrh ghA b.k vc[kkbZ lwa ikj iM+.k [kkrj iSykiSy 1835 bZ- eka; bf.M;u
200
dkt;h
dks;UxsV vsDV ikl gq;kS ft.k eqtc 11@12 lksus jh [kjkbZ r; djnhA i.k
1849&1851 bZ- jk lksus jk Hkko rwV.k lwa vk eqnzk lkadM+S vk;xhA ft.k lwa ljdkj
uS lksus jk flDdka jkS foewnzhdj.k dj can dj.kk ifM+;kA b.k jS iNS pkanh jk
flDdk pkfy;k ft.k lwa pkanh jk Hkkoka eka; rsth vk;xh vj feu[kka flDdk xk
pkanh Hksh dj.kh ekaMhA ft.k lwa nsl eka; eqnzk jh Hkkjh deh vk;xhA b.k lkjh
vc[kk;ka jS fcpS lsoV 1861 i= eqnzk vf/kfu;e ikl gq;kS vj 1862 jk Hkkjr
eka; dkxnh eqnzk jkS Jhx.ks'k dfj;kS x;kSA i.k dkxnh eqnzk jS lkFkS lkFkS flDdk bZ
pkyrk gkA nks; egktq/k vj foLo O;kih eanh jS dkj.k lksus pkanh eka; etcwrh
uh js; ldh ft.k lwa dkxnh eqnzk jkS ?k.kkS c/kkikS gq;kSA vkt lalkj jk lkjk eqydka
eka; dkxnh eqnzk jkS pyu gks; pqdkS gSA 1928 bZ- rd Hkkjr eka; dkxnh uksV
baXysaM lwa c.k*j vkork gkA 1968 bZ- rd uksVka jkS dkxn bZ baxysaM jh ikabaV
fyfeVsM dEiuh lwa vkorkS gkSA 1928 bZ- jk Hkkjr eka; iSyks uksVka jkS dkj[kkukS
bafM;u flD;ksfjVh izsl uke lwa ukfld eka; ykxkS ft.k ftdk iSyk iSy uksV
Nkfi;k gk oS vsdS ilokM+S lwa dksjk gkA iNS 1962 bZ- jk gkslaxkckn eka; isij
ehy ykxh ft.k 1968 bZ- lwa uksVka jkS dkxn c.kko.kkS l: dfj;kSA iNS vsd
dkj[kkukS 1975 bZ- jk nSokl eka; HkS yxk;kS x;kSA 2010 bZ- iNS uksVka jh L;kgh
bZ Hkkjr eka; c.k.kh l: gks;xh gSA gekj Hkkjr ljdkj dkxn jh tkxk IykfLVd
djsalh uksV bZ Niok;k gS ftdka jh mej ?k.kh gksos i.k eqnzk eka; [kkl cnko rkS
/kdyS c[kr vko.k okkS gS tnfd ;wfud vkbZ-Mh- jS ika.k bysDVksfuDl
IykfLVd djsUlh dkMZ c.k tkosyk ft.k esa gsjkQsjh ;k dkkctkjh uh gks;
ldsyk vj uksVka uS tsc eka; ?kky u fQj.kks bZ uh iM+sykA
b.k lkjh ckrka jS vkjikj for lwa uksV rd eqnzk jk uke vj dkae ft.k pht
uS c[kka.ks gS oks gS eqnzk jkS vjFklkL=h E;kuksA T;wa eqnzk jh vsd ?k.kh pkoh ifjHkklk
vjFklkL=h safll okdj jh fn;ksM+h gS&êqnzk ok gS ftdh eqnzk jkS dke djS*A b.k
ifjHkklk eka; phtka jh vnykcnh lwa ys; uS uksVka rd ftrjh phtka eqnzk :Ik esa
dke vkorh gh m.k jkS vjFk eqnzk gkso.k jkS dkj.k crkbft;kS gSA geS loky vkS gS
d eqnzk jkS dke dabZ gS\ fopkj fda;ka vk ckr lkeh vkoS d eqnzk jS dke jkS eje
tM+kew lwa vsd bt gS vj oks gS dksbZ lkSns jS fcps lk[k jh [kjkbZ ;k xkjaVh
nso.khA ts nks; ft.kka jS fcps dksbZ lkSnks gq;kS gS rkS m.k ckcr vkiljh ljrka uS iwjh
dj.k jh nksuka jh lk[k jh [kjkbZ ft.k pht jS ika.k ikj iM+S ok eqnzk dghtSA
dkdjka lwa ys; uS uksV vj uksVka jS iNS /kdyS tekuS vko.k okh dpdM+k jh eqnzk
101
201
rd vkS bt dke djrh vkbZ gS vj vkS bt dke djsykA Lkjdkj dkuwu jh

fFkjiuk iNS jkt b.k lk: [kjh xokgh jkS dke dj fj;k gSA b.k <ax lwa ft.k eqnzk
ekFkS jkt vj dkuwu jh xokgh Hksh gksoS ok jkt eqnzk cktSA b;wa cSad jk psd
MkQV cksik: gwafM;ka chtk bZ eqnzk jkS dke bt dfj;k djS gSA vk bZ vsd eje jh
ckr gS D;wa d feu[kk tw.k jS bfr;kl eka; ?k.khokj dkuwu jh lgh jS gksorka Fkdka bZ
ljdkj jh fuckbZ jS dkj.k t:jr jS eqrkfcr eqnzk uS [kqn jkS :Ik cn.kkS
ifM+;kSA T;wa iSys foLotq/k iNS vejhdk eka; dkxnh eqnzk jktuhfr jh xM+cM+h lwa
ukdke;kc gks;xh ghA Lkjdkj vj dkuwu jh lk[k uh jh t.kS 1932&33 bZ- jk
phtcLr vnykcnh lwa feu[kka dke pyk;kSA b.k bt Hkkar nwtS foLotq/k iNS
tjeuh eka; 1939&45 bZ- jS yxsrxs dkxnh eqnzk jh lk[k uh jso.k lwa dkexkjka jh
nsuxh dkj[kkuka eka; fuitf.k;s eky jS :Ik nso.kh iM+hA T;wa cjr.kka jS dkj[kkuS
eka; dke djf.k;k etwjka uS c.kk;ksM+k cjr.kka jkS vsd caV nsuxh :Ik ferkS ft.k
jS cns esa oS [kqn jS t:jr jkS lSekau ctkj lwa ys; ysorkA rkS eqnzk ekFkS dkuwu jh
xokgh ljdkj jh iDdkoV jS fglkc lwa bt dke vk;k djS gSA i.k eqnzk :Ik
HkykabZ phtcLr gksokS ;k uksV gwaMh tSMh+ dksbZ nwth pht b.k lc jkS iSyks dkae lkSns
fcpS lk[k jh [kjkbZ r; dj.kkS bt gSA i.k b.k jS lkFkS lkFkS eqnzk vtsrkabZ dha nwtk
dke bZ dj fn;k djS gSA nwtkS eqnzk lkSns fcpS ek/;e jkS dke bZ djS gSA T;wa nks;
ft.kk uS U;kjh U;kjh BkSM+ U;kjh U;kjh phtka jh ekax gS i.k oS eqnzk jS ek/;e lwa [kqn
[kuS lkxS phtka uh gksorka Fkdka bZ vkikS vkijh ekax iwjh dj ldS gSA rhtkS dke
eqnzk lkSns jh jsV ;kfu Hkko r; dj.k jkS djSA vkS Hkko geslka phtka jh vken vj
ekax fglkc lwa gq;k djS gSA ftdh pht cTkkj eka; ftrjh ?k.kh gkftj gS m.k jkS
Hkko nwth phtka jh vken vj ekax jS fglkc lwa de cnrkS gks; ldS gS i.k eqnzk jS
ika.k Hkkoka jkS fookn fuiV tkoSA pksFkkS dke eqnzk fuit jS ika.k gkso.k okS uQs lwa
/ku lap.k jkS djSA T;wa vsd feu[k jS dke lwa lkS feu[kka jkS Qk;nkS gksoS rkS oks lkS
feu[kka lwa FkksM+h FkksM+h eqnzk ys; uS [kq+n lk: /ku ;k iwath Hksh dj ldsA T;wa
ekuyka d MkDVj lwa Hkkstu jS cnS esa bykt djkoka rkS Hkkstu rkS oks dksbZ vsdh
BkSM+ bt dj ldS i.k bykt rkS ?k.kk feu[kka jkS vsd bt c[kr dj ldS t.kS
MkDVj uS Hkkstu uh djk; u gjsd feu[k Qhl :i eqnzk ;kfu FkksM+k FkksM+k ibZlk
bt nsoS rkS nsof.k;S uS bZ Hkkj uh vkoS vj ysof.k;S jh iwath Hksh gks; tkoS ft.k lwa
oks vkijk nwtk dke ikj iVd ldSA b.k bt <ax <kS dksbZ eksVkS dke dj.kkS gksoS
rkS U;kjk U;kjk feu[kka lwa dke uh ys; u dksjh eqnzk ys; iwath c.kk; dke lksjks
202
dkt;h
lksjks ikj iVd ldkaA b.k Hkkar eqnzk vjFkkm dke eka; lksns lqyQs jkS vsd eksVkS
v/kkj erS bZ c.k tkoSA T;wa ljdkj dj ys; uS fodkl vj jk;k jS lqHkhrs jk dke
vke jk;k lwa bZ djk;ka tkoSA twuS tekuS eka; lhjkskS dke Hksi lwa dke dj uS
ikj iVdrk t.kS ?k.kh vc[kkbZ vkorh iNS bZ tS vkt tSM+k eksVk dke gksoS rkS ikj
bZ uh iM+ ldSA eqnzk ft.k <ax lwa iwath jkS fuekZ.k djS m.k bt Hkkar dksbZ lkSns ;k
dke jkS ys[kkS jk[k uS m.k jkS HkfoL; eka; Hkqxrku jkS lqHkhrkS bZ nsoSA ft.k lwa nsuxh
jS ctk; eb.kS lwa vj eb.kS jS ctk; Hkqxrku cjlka jksfd;kS tk ldS vj m.k jS iNS
fd;kS tk ldSA b.k jkS ys[kkS eqnzk jS ika.k lc[kkS vj lko jkf[k;kS tk ldSA dksbZ
feu[k [kqn jh etwjh eka; lwa jkst FkksM+ks FkksM+ks cpk; u cw<kikS lksjks lksjks dkV.k jkS
vMka.k bZ Bk; ldSA
eqnzk jk b.k dkeka jS lkFkS lkFkS eq+nzk jk dha [kkl xq.k bZ fx.kkbtS gS ftdk
pks[kh eqnzk eka; gkso.kk t:jh ekuhtSA eqnzk jkS iSyks xq.k m.k jh ljc ekurk jkS
gkso.kkS pkbtSA ts lsax yksd eqnzk uS ekurk uh nsoS rkS ok pky uh ldS vj ts ekurk
vk/kh v/kwjh gksoS rkS ok [kksMh+ eqnzk gks; mch jsoAS e/;dky eka; vsMh+ ?k.kh [kksMh+
eqnzkoka gh ftdh cVS vj dkVS jS ika.k pkyrh ghA rkS eqnzk jh ljc ekurk t:jh
vj iSyks xq.k gSA eqnzk jkS nwtkS xq.k NksVk eksVk VqdM+ka eka; caVht.k jh f[kerk ;kfu
MhohthchyhVh jkS ekuhtSA b.k dkj.k bt lksus pkanh vj dkxnka jh eqnzk c.kkbZ
tk ldS i.k ghjk iUuk tsM+h ?k.keksyh phtka lwa eqnzk uh c.kkbZ tk ldSA eqnzk jkS
rhtkS xq.k gS m.k jh okguh;rk gS ;kfu vBh mBh yko.k ys; tko.k lk: ?k.kh
vc[kkbZ uh gkso.kh pkbtSA vkS xq.k dkxn jh eqnzk eka; lclwa fljs gS ft.k lwa
dkxn jh eqnzk pyu eka; ?k.kh gSA eqnzk jkS pksFkkS xq.k gS b.k jh vfouklrk ;k
fVdkmi.kkSA fVdkm eqnzk bt feu[kka eka; HkjkslkS j[kk; ldS gSA b.k xq.k jS ika.k
eqnzk lk[k jkS [kjkS lk/ku c.k ldS vj /ku lEifr HkskS dj.k jkS tfj;kS c.k
ldSA gkykafd vktdky dkuwu vj ljdkj jS lkaxS lwa dksjkS fglkc jk[k [kkrk
cb;ka lwa bZ eqnzk thorh jk[k.k jk mdjkl gks; pqdk gSA b.k lkjk xq.kka lwa fljS xq.k
gS eqnzk jkS pkyrkS jso.kkSA ;kfu ika.kh jh /kkj jS nkbZ ts eqnzk oSorh uh jsoS rkS eqnzk ukl
gkso.k jh fnl idM+ ysosykA Tks vsdh BksM+ FkEk tkoS rkS ok eqnzk uh gks; u dksjkS
inkjFk js; tkosyk vj m.k jkS c[kr chrS T;wa eksy ?kVrkS ?kVrkS lsoB ukl gkso.k jh
ukscr vk; iwxsykA T;wa laLd`r eka; ,d Lyksd gS d
i`Fohjokr fuoZfru/kusu /kfuuks;fnA
Hkoke~ fde~ u rsuso /kfu u /kfuuks o;e~AA
102
203
ts /ku uS i`Foh eka; xkM us jk[k.k lwa dksbZ /kuokau gkS ldS rkS EgSa lSax bZ
/kuokau bt gkaA D;wa d /ku rkS ?kjrh eka; xfM;ksM+kS ifM+;kS bt gSA
eqnzk jk xq.kka jS lkFkS b.k jk voxq.k ;kfu nksl bZ fx.kkbtS gSA T;wa ljdkj jh
fuckbZ vj dkuwu jh detksjh lwa fuit vj eqnzk eka; rkyesy uh jso.k lwa eqnzk
jS eksy eka; mrkj p<ko vkork jsoSA ?k.kdjkS rkS eqnzk jkS eksy ?kVrkS bt nhlS ft.k
lwa phtcLr ewa?kh gq;ka tkoS b.k gkyr uS ewa?kkbZ c/k.kkS dsoSA b.k lwa /kueky jkS
uqDlku gksoS ftrjkS /ku eqnzk :Ik eka; gksoS ok rkS ukl gkso.k jh fnl bt idM+SA
b.k dkj.k eqnzk uS foLokl?kkrh :[kkkS crk;kS gSA [kkl dj uS dkxnh eqnzk eka; rkS
lalkj Hkj jh eksVh vc[kkbZ gSA vj ts /kkrq eqnzk gqbZ rkS /kkrqoka jk Hkko cnrk ns[k
feu[k flDdka uS xk.kk ;k yqdko.kk ekaMS ft.k lwa ctkj eka; eqnzk jh deh vk;
tkoS iNS dke dkt pyko.kkS c.k uh vkoSA b.k Hkkar eanh vj rsth vko.k lwa
vke jk;k eka; ?kcjkV vj vijrkS O;ki tkoSA rkS ftrjkS lekt eka; gekj
vlarksl nhls gS ok lc eqnzk jh djkekr gSA eqnzk jkS nwtkS nksl b.k jh iwath
fuitko.k jh f[kerk ekuhtSA D;wa d fuift;ksM+h iwath jS c eqnzk xjhcka jS
lksl.k jkS vMka.k c.k tkoSA b.k dkj.k dkyZekDlZ (1818&83) tSMk+ lkE;oknh
eqnzk uS xjhcka jh nwleh ekurk vk;k gSA :l eka; 1917 bZ- jh cksyslsfod kafr jS
c[kr eqnzk jS mUewy.k jh fopkjh gh i.k ikj uh iM+h vj ikNh pyko.kh iM+hA
b.k bt :.k eka; ehlsy tSMk+ vjFklkL=h lekt eka; pksjh tkjh fjLor[kksjh vj
Qjsc jkS vMka.k eqnzk uS ekurk vk;k gSA jfLdu tSMk+ vjFklkL=h ekurk gk d eqnzk
lk/ku uh gks; u [kqn lk/; c.kxh gS ft.k jS gsVS feu[k jh vkRek ncxh gS vj lSax
b.k jk xqyke c.k pqdk gSA vsM+k ?k.kk nksl eqnzk ekFkS eaMhtS i.k lkph ckr rkS vk
gS d eqnzk rkS vjFkra= jkS vsd vMka.k gS m.kuS dhadj cjr.kkS vk ckr ljdkj
feu[k lekt jh fu;r vj dkjxqtkjh lwa ikj iM+AS T;wa vsd fulaMh gS m.k lwa dksbZ
jh enn bZ dh tk ldS vj pksjh bZ dh tk ldS b.k jkS nksl fulaMh jkS uh gS pksjh
rkS pksj djSA b.k bt :.k eka; eqnzk uS lkjk lekt vehj xjhc jh HkykbZ lk:
cjr.k jkS <axks<ax cUnkscLr gkso.kkS pkbtS eqnzk [kqn ersbZ cUnkscLr uh dj ldSA
eqnzk feu[k jh eqyd jh vj lekt jh vken vj ekynkjh jkS ys[kkS jk[kSA b.k jS
lkFkS lkFkS ctkj eka; fuit jkS lkpkS vj rqyukRed eksy eqnzk lwa bt dwarhtSA eqnzk
jS ika.k bt fuitkof.k;S lwa xzkgd rd fuit vj dkedkt jkS lgh lgh caVokM+kS
fd;kS tk ldS gSA T;wa vsd djlkS /kkau fuitkoSA b.k dkae lk: m.k uS ?k.kk
ljktke dj.kk iM+SA vS lSax m.k uS dksjk /kkau jS cnS uh fe ldS i.k /kku uS
204
dkt;h
eqnzk eka; cn uS eqnzk jS cnS oks [kkn cht fctyh etwjh vMka.k vkstkj lSax
eksyk; ldS gSA
eqnzk jS ika.k bt eqa?kkbZ ;k lLrhokM+S jh uki tks[k djh tk ldSA eqnzk lwa vkS
vUnkt fd;kS tk ldS gS d ctkj eka; fdlh pht jh vken ?k.kh gS vj fdlh
pht jh feu[kka jh t:jr jS eqtc deh gSA eqnzk lwa bt fuit jkS lgh eksy
dwarht ldS vj mRiknd uS m.k jkS Qk;nkS uQkS fe ldSA T;wa ekuyka d dksbZ
ctkj eka; dqy eqnzk vsd gtkj bdkbZ gSA m.k eka; lwa lkS bdkbZ jkt dj jS isVs
mxk; fy;kS t.kS m.k ctkj eka; gkftj eky jkS eksy um lkS bdkbZ js;x;kSA rkS
ctkj eka; eqnzk jh deh vko.k lwa gkftj eky jh dher de gks; eky llrkS
gksorkS ykxSA b.klwa myV ts eky jh vken ?k.kh gks; tkoS rkS bZ lLrhokM+kS gksorkS
nhlSA ewa?kkbZ vj eqnzk jkS vkS lh/kks lEcU/k gSA b.k Hkkar ts eqnzk ctkj eka;
deksMhVh lwa ?k.kh gS rkS ewa?kkbZ cnrh nhlsyk vj ts eqnzk deksMhVh lwa de gS rkS
ewa?kkbZ ?kVrh nhlsykA b.k dkj.k ljdkjh cSad eqa?kkbZ dkcw jk[k.k lk: lh-vkjvkj- ;kfu dsl fjtoZ jsfl;ks ?kVko.k c/kko.k jk mdjkl djSA gekj jh gkyr
eka; 1 izfrlr lh-vkj-vkj- c/kko.k lwa 60 gtkj djksM+ :fi;ka jh eqnzk ctkj lwa
fud uS ikNh ljdkj jS dCtS eka; iwx tkoSA ft.k lwa ctkj eka; eqnzk jh deh
okijS vj phtka lLrh gkso.k jh xwatkbl c.k tkoSA b.k jS lkFkS fjtoZ cSad ctkj
jk cSadka uS ftdkS djtkS fn;k djS gS m.k ekFkS C;kt c/kk; ?kVk; u ctkj jh C;kt
fefr maph uhph dj uS cSadka jh eqnzk :Ik iwath uS cka/k.k lwa vke jk;k jkS [kqykS
iblkS cSadka [kuS iqxko.k jkS mdjkl djhtS b.k uS jsiks jsV c/kko.kkS vj ?kVko.kkS
dsoAS vsMk+ mdjklka lwa ljdkj ctkj eka; eqnzk jh ek=k ekFkS dkcw jk[k.k jh [kir
djS vj ewa?kkbZ uS dkcw jk[kS i.k ewa?kkbZ jksd.k jk vS ljdkjh mdjkl b;wa le>yka
d ?k.kh ihM+ gq;ka njn jh lwbZ ;k uls jh xksh yso.k okkS dke djhft;kS gksoSA
b;ka mdjklka lwa FkksM+s d c[kr ctkj eka; gx okijS vj ikNh ewa?kkbZ gkyS
ekjx vkijSA gkykafd ctkj eka; eqnzk jh ek=k vj deksMhVh jS c/k.k ?kV.k lwa
ewa?kkbZ ekFkS vlj rkS iM+S gS i.k ewa?kkbZ ekSle vj ekSr uS ijksVf.k;k dkj.k ?k.kk gS
ftdka uS dkcw jk[k.kk yxsrxs vlEHko gSA T;wa&
lqxu ljksnk T;ksrfl dj er dwM+h dFkA
Eksg ekSr eqa?kkb jh fpBh lkabZ gRFkAA
RkkS esg ekSr vj ewa?kkbZ jh HkfoL;oka.kh dj.kh fd.kjS bZ gkFk uh gSA esg uS
vys[kwa dkj.k ijksVs ftdka jkS vktdky dEI;wVjka lwa ys[kks jk[khts i.k lko
103
205
lq/k HkfoL;oka.kh dj.kkS vtS lt uh vk;kS rkS bZ vk ckr rS; gS d vkaikajS eqyd
eka; tsB vlk< lko.k HkknoS eka; uh uh djrka bZ fcj[kk gksoy
s k btA b.k bt Hkkar
eqa?kkbZ jk bZ dha [kkl eksVk dkj.k gS ftdk lkQ lkQ nhlS gSA iSyks dkj.k ftdkS
d ew dkj.k crk;kS tkoS gS oks gS fMekaM vj lIykbZ jkS rkyesA ctkj eka;
deksMhVh ;kfu phtcLr gkftj eqnzk jh ek=k lwa de gksoS rkS eqnzk jh dher ?kV.k
lwa ewa?kkbZ cnrh nhlsykA b.kjS myV ts ctkj eka; gkftj eqnzk de gksoS vj
deksMhVh jh ek=k c/k tkoS rkS eqa?kkbZ ?kVrh nhlsykA b.k dkj.k ewa?kkbZ jkS nwtkS ukae
eqnzkfLQfr dghtS gSA eqnzkfLQfr ;kfu bUQwyslu ;k eqnzkfoLrkjA b.k nhB lwa
ctkj Hkkoka jS fyf[k;ksM+S bfr;kl eka; Hkkjr eka; vYykmn~nhu f[kyth
(1296&1316) lwa vkt rd ewa?kkbZ dnsbZ ?kVrh uhxS uh vkbZA b.k jS iNS fdlh
pht ekFkS ewa?kkbZ jkS fdrjkS vlj iM+S vk ckr b lko le>.k jh gSA ckr vk gS
d ekax nks; Hkkar jh gksos gSA iSyh uhM vj nwth fMekaaMA uhM m.k ekax uS dsoS
ftd.k uS iwfj;ka fcuk ftokjh uh /kd ldSA T;wa /kku ika.kh diM+kS jsokl nok;ka
vj fMekaM ok gS ft.k lwa thok tw.k eka; lw[k lEir vj le`f onrh nhlSA T;wa
lknks ika.kh uhM gS i.k feujy okVj fMekaM gSA diM+kS uhM gS i.k jsle ;k
flQku tsM+k ewa?kk diM+k fMekaM gSA rks ewa?kkbZ ekFkS uhM vj fMekaM jkS bZ vlj
gksosA T;wa dkj jS ewa?kks gkso.k lwa /kkau ewa?kks uh gksos i.k /kkau jS ewa?kkS gkso.k lwa dkj
erSbZ ewa?kh gks; tkosykA rkS uhM iwj.kh t:jh gS ft.k dkj.k lwa lekt ljdkj jkS
iwjkS /;ku uhM ekFkS jsoSA uhM jS ik.k bt ctkj [kM+ks jsoSA i.k fMekaM ctkj ;k
eqyd eka; le`f jh fulk.kh gq;k djS gSA iNS dabZ gS d T;wa T;wa le`f vk;ka tkoS
T;wa T;wa fMekaM uhM jkS :Ik fy;ka tkos vj eqyd jk vehj ;k xjhc lSaxkaa jh tw.k
eka; vkjke ;k lksjki.kkS okifj;ka tkoSA b.k dkj.k ljdkj uhM iwjh dj.k jkS
[kjp fMekaM lwa olwySA T;wa fctyh FkksM+k cjlka iSyk fMekaM gh i.k vkt uhM
gks; pqdh gSA rkS fctyh jh iwjrh [kkrj nwth phtka ekFkS dj yxko.kk iM+SA b.k
Hkkar iho.k jkS ika.kh] [ksrh jh fctyh] ?kjka jh fctyh] NksVk m|ksxka lk: fctyh]
[kkn] cht] dPpkS eky] csekfj;ka feVko.k lk: bykt vj nok;ka jS vykok
lekt jS c/kkiS lk: gksof.k;k t:jh dke vS lkjk uhM jS ikS eka; vkoSA vka uS
iwj.k lk: ljdkj uS fMekaM ekFkS VsDl yxko.kk iM+S ?k.kk ?k.kh uhM uS lLrh
jk[k.k lk: lclhMh ;kfu enn lkt.kh iM+SA i.k lkph ckr rkS vk gS d dksbZ
[kkl dk dqle ;k FkksM+S d c[kr jh ctk: xM+cM+h uS Vk u uhM uS ewa?kkS
dj.kkS fd.k jS bZ ol jkS uh gS D;wa d ctkj eka; uhM jh fuit lk: gjesl gksM
ykxksM+h jsoS ft.k lwa uhM jh fuit gjesl cnrh bt jsoSA D;wa d uhM jh chh
206
dkt;h
jh pky v.kwrh rst gksoS vj b.k lwa myV fMekaM jh chh lk: foKkiu vj NwV
migkj nso.k jk /kdkslyk ctkj uS dj.kk iM+sA T;wa dnsbZ /kku ;k pkyw diM+s jk
foKkiu ns[k.k eka;a uh vkoS i.k dkj Vh-oh- tSM+h phtka rkS foKkiu fcuk fcdS
bt uhA b.k <ax lwa fMekaM jS ekjx vehjka jkS /ku eqnzk :Ik xjhcka [kuS iwxrkS jsoSA
ft.k lwa xjhcka jh thok tw.k eka;a lksjkbZ vj lEiUurk okijcks djS vj lEiUurk
eka; T;wa T;wa c/kkikS vkoS T;wa T;wa fMekaM uhM eka; cnrh tkoSA T;wa FkksM+kd fnu
iSyk lkbdy ;k LdwVj Hkkjr eka; fMekaM :i gk i.k vktdky uhM jkS :i ys;
fj;k gSA i.k fMekaM ekFkS dj ykx.k lwa ewa?kkbZ c/krh nhlSA i.k dksbZ eqyd eka;
ewa?kkbZ c/k.k jk ?k.kk v.kphaR;k dkj.k gS ftdka uS dkcw dj.kk v.kwrkS vc[kkS dke
gSA ewa?kkbZ c/k.k jkS eksVkS dkj.k gS vuizksMfDVo ,DVhohVh ;kfu v.k fuitkm
dkedktA v.kfuitkm dkedkt oS dke gS ftdka eka; eqnzk rkS v.kwrh [kiS i.k
jkstxkj uh ftrjkS bt iuiSA T;wa ?kqM+nkSM+ vj fdsV tSM+k [ksy lV`kckth
?kjexq:oka jk /kdkslyk lekt jh dqjhfr;ka vj va/kfoLokl jS ika.k gkso.k okk
tkfr;ka jk eksVk Qkyrw [kjpk ulk[kksjhA vka lSax dkeka eka; eqnzk v.kwrh [kiS i.k
jkstxkj ;k vkmViqV uh ftrjkS iuiSA b.k jS vykok ewa?kkbZ c/k.k jkS dkj.k gS
ljdkjh fuckbZ ft.k jS dkj.k lwa dj olwyh iwjh uh gksoS vj ljdkjh ctV jkS
?kkVks cf/k;ka tkoSA ljdkjh fuckbZ jS dkj.k fonsl cksikj jkS ?kkVks bZ ewa?kkbZ c/
kko.k jkS dke djSA ljdkjh fuckbZ lwa bt /kjexq:oka jk /kdkslyk iufi;ka
tkoSA vsd /kje xq: ikap lkr gtkj feu[kka uS ys; u ?kaVka ;k fnuka uh eb.kka ?k.kk
ewa?kk ljktkek lkFkS tfe;k jsoSA t:jh fctyh ika.kh jh cjcknh djS vj
esuodZgojl eqQr jk [kjkc djSA oS feu[kka eka; HkkX;okn bZLoj jS Hkjksls tsM+h
phtka eka; foLokl tek; u fudeki.kkS QsykoS fujklk QsykoSA ekSr jkS Mj crk;
uS BxkbZ djS ywV epkoS Hkh[k ekax.kks lh[kkoSA ft.k jkS vkmViqV dha uh feSA
usrkoka uS HkhM+ lwa Mjk; u dkuwu O;oLFkk fcxkM+AS ulk[kksjh v;klh jkS xSj dkuwuh
cksikj djS t.kS dfo mejnkau ykl th dfg;kS d &
tVk duQVk tksxVk [kkdh ij/ku [kko.kkA
ekjokM+ eka; ksM+ feu[k djlk ,d deko.kkA
vkt uh uh djrka bZ delwa de vjcka [kjcka jk /k.kh dksbZ vsd gtkj
vsM+k /kje xq: lkjk bZ /kjek eka; gS ftdk [kqn uS fu;ark ;kfu Hkxokau crkoS gSA
eksVh ckr rkS vk gS d vka eka; lwa ?k.kdjk vkijS lCtsDV jk ,DliVZ uh gS if<;k
fyf[k;k bZ uh gS i.k feu[kka jS vU/k foLokl jS ika.k iwjS eqyd jh bdksukeh
fcxkM+ Ugka[kSA ?k.kh c[kr rkS ljdkjka jk r[rk iyV nsoAS b.k <ax jk v.kfuitkm
104
207
dkedkt jksd.k jkS dke ljdkj jh O;oLFkk jkS gS i.k ljdkjh fuckbZ jS dkj.k
vS uh #dSA rkS ewa?kkbZ c/k.k jkS vsd eksVkS dkj.k ljdkjh fuckbZ gSA ljdkjh
fuckbZ jS dkj.k ljdkjh ;kstukoka fnlkHkzLV gks; tkoSA ljdkjh dke eka;
rduhdh nhB lwa rhu eksVh [kksM+ka gksoS bt gS ftdka uS tS Vk ldka rkS bdksukseh
xzksFk ekFkS pks[kkS vlj iM+S vj ewa?kkbZ eka; deh vk; ldSA oka eka; lwa iSyh gS
fcyks ukEl dqLVDlu nwth gS vubou MhLVhC;wlu vkQ ctV vj rhth
[kksM+ gS ukudkMhZuslu vkQ ikVZ vkQ flLVeA b.kuS vsd mnkgj.k lwa le>
ldkaA T;wa ekuyka d ftdh lM+d c.k.kh gS ok ikap bap jh dkadjh lwa c.k.kh
pkbtS i.k ok fcyks ukaEl ;kfu <kbZ bap jh dkadjh lwa c.kS vj m.k ekFkS eksVh
xkfM;ka nksM+S ok vk/kh mej bZ uh dk<SA b.k uS fcyks ukEl daLVDlu dsoSA nwth
[kksM+ vubou fMLVhC;wlu vkQ ctV jkS eryc vkS gS d vsd xke vsd
lkf[k;kS gS vj nwtkS rhu lkf[k;kS gSA geS lM+d fctyh jh t:jr rkS iSyh rhu
lkf[k;S xke jh gS ft.k lwa mBkjh lk[kka c[kr lj eaMh eka; iwx ldSA i.k flLVe
jh xM+cM+h lwa vsd lkf[k;S xke uS lM+d fctyh jkS ctV nhjhtS vj rhu
lkf[k;kS xke ykjS js; tkoS t.kS m.k BkSM+ jh lk[kka ctkj eka; ewa?kh iwxS vj eqa?kkbZ
cnrh nhlSA rhth ckr gS vudkfMZuslu vkQ ikVZvkQ flLVeA b.k jkS E;kukS vkS
gS d tS ih-MCY;w-Mh- lM+d c.kkoS rkS nwtS fnu fctyh okk ekax iwjh djSA
ikNh ejEer gksorh uS ika.kh esdeks [kksn Ugka[kSA b.k <ax lwa esdeka eka; rkyes jh
deh bdksukeh xzksFk ekFkS a/kkS vlj iVdS vj ewa?kkbZ c/kk;ka tkoSA b.k jS vykok
fiNfM+;ksM+h rduhd vj ikf;ksM+k ftukojka jh Qksjh uLyka bZ ewa?kkbZ c/k.k jkS
vsd dkj.k gSA T;wa oxhZt dwfj;u jh Losr kafr iNS Hkkjr nqfu;k eka; lclwa
?k.kkS nw/k fuitkm nsl gS i.k ?k.kh BkSM+ vtS Iklqoka jh uLyka eka; lq/kkj gkso.kkS gS
ftdkS gks; tkoS rkS nw/k Hkkjr lk: ijnslh eqnzk jkS pks[kkS lk/ku c.k tkoS vj
ijnslh eky nsl eka; lLrkS fe ldSA b.k jkS lcwr vkS gS d b.k c[kr Hkkjr jkS
vsd eoslh cjl nhB vk/kks Vu nw/k nsos gS tnfd btjkby jkS eoslh cjl nhB
um Vu nw/k nsos gSA b.k bt :.k eka; lk[kka jk mUur cht bZ eqa?kkbZ de dj.k jk
dkj.k gksoS gSA Hkkjr eka; Mk- vse-vsl- LokehukFku jh gfjr kafr lwa djl.k
iSnkokj jS lLrkS gkso.k jkS dkj.k nsl jk fuitk;ksM+k mUur cht bt gSA b.k jS
vykok eqyd eka; ckij.k okk dk dqle /kklnh ck< Hkwdai tu vkanksyu
gwyM+ckth vj dkuwu O;oLFkk jkS fcxkM+ bZ ewa?kkbZ c?kkosA b.k lSax ckrka lwa U;kjh
ckr vk gS d cnrh ewa?kkbZ dksbZ eqyd lk: lqHk y{k.k bZ ekuhtS gSA ewa?kkbZ c/k.k
jkS vsd dkj.k eqyd jh vke jk;k jh thokjh eka; lq[k lEir ckij.kkS bZ gSA T;wa
208
dkt;h
T;wa dksbZ eqyd rjDdh djS T;wa T;wa m.k eqyd jh jk;k jkS thou Lrj lq/kfj;ka tkoS
;kfu fMekaM uhM :i cnf;ka tkoSA ewa?kkbZ lkFkS lkFkS cf/k;ka tkoSA b.k ekeys
eqtc ewa?kkbZ jS lkFkS lkFkS lqfo/kkoka lsokoka vj dksewfMVh vkjVhdy jh vken bZ
cf/k;ka tkoS vj vke vkneh lk: eqnzk jh dher de gq;ka tkoSA D;wa d etwjh
vj nsuxh eka; c/kkikS gq;ka tkoSA vkt jS c[kr vk ckr ?k.kdjh c/kkiS iwxksM+k
;kfu fodflr nslka eka; lkQ fuxS vk; jh gSA ftdkS eqyd ftrjkS fodflr gS
m.k BkSM+ mrjh bZ ewa?kkbZ nhlsykA dksjks nsl eka; bt uh xke vj Lgsj eka; bZ vkS
Qjd lkQ nhlSA iNS NksVs Lgsj lwa eksVs Lgsj eka; bZ m.k eki lwa ewa?kkbZ cnrh
nhlsykA Hkkjr eka; nhYyh lclwa ewa?kks Lgsj gS vj nqfu;k eka; Vksfd;ks tkiku
lclwa ewa?kks Lgsj gSA gdhdru ewa?kkbZ jkS vkS :Ik jkLVh; fuit jS c/kkiS lk:
ljdkjh dkedkt vj [kir jkS vsd [kkdkS gSA ljdkj fuit c/kko.k lk:
ftrjh ;kstukoka pykoS mrjh eqnzk ljdkj uS ctkj eka; fc[ksj.kh iM+sA vk
fc[kfj;ksM+h eqnzk ewa?kkbZ uS c/kk;ka tkoS i.k lkFkS lkFkS fuit bZ cf/k;ka tkoS ft.k
lwa vc[kkbZ uh vkoSA i.k fuit jS lkFkS nwth xSj t:jh phtka bZ cf/k;ka tkoSA
T;wa fjLor[kksjh dkkctkjh dj pksjh lV~Vkctkjh vj fekoVh ;k udyh
lseku jkS cksikj ft.k eka; nok;ka vj nw/k tSM+h phtka b Hksh gSA i.k vka gjdrka
jkS [kkreks fd.k jS bZ gkFk jh ckr uh gSA b.k ckr uS b;wa le> ldka d [ksrh djka
tn lk[kka jS lkFkS [kjirokj ;k funka.k bZ fuitsykA iNS ftrjh [ksrh ?k.kh djka
funka.k bZ m.k jS eki mrjkS bZ cnrkS fuitsykA i.k [kjirokj uh fuitS vk ckr
lt uh vkoSA funka.k fujkbZ lwa [kjirokj [ksr lwa ckjS dk<.kh iM+sA rkS dkuwu
dk;nk ?k.kk djM+k gksoS rkS xSj t:jh gjdrka eka; deh ykbZ tk ldS i.k feu[k
jS bfr;kl eka; vS fufB;ksM+h dnsb uh yknSA dj pksjh dks/ku vj dkkctkjh
lwa eqnzk v.kfuitkm dkaek eka; ?kwes ft.k lwa de fuit eka; ?k.kh eqnzk [kiS b.k jkS
lh/kkS vlj ewa?kkbZ jS c/k.k jkS dkj.k c.k tkoSA iNS ts ljdkj ;k eqnzk cSad ewa?kkbZ
jksd.k jk mdjkl djS rkS dkks/ku m.k mdjklka jS vkMh nsoS [kkl dj uS ft.k
c[kr ctkj eka; eqnzk jh deh gksoS m.k c[kr dkks /ku ctkj esa vkos vj eqnzk
jk Hkko V tkoS ft.klwa eqa?kkbZ cf/k;ka tkoSA i.k dks/ku vj fjLor[kksjh lwa
cnrkS uqDlk.k rkS v.kfuitkm dkaeka lwa gksoSA lkph ckr rkS vk gS d eqyd eka;
c/kkiS jS ijoka.k fuit c/kko.k lk: eqnzk jkS Qsyko t:jh ljr gSA ts ljdkjka
fuit nhB eqnzk uh QsykoS rkS eqyd jh rjDdh Fke tkosykA vj ts eqnzk fuit lwa
cnrh Qsy tkos rks eqnzk jh lk[k i.k ?k.kh fxj tkosyk b;wa ewa?kkbZ cf/k;ka tkoSA b.k
lwa myV ts fuit [kir lwa cnrh gks; tkoS rkS ctkj eanh jh >iV eka; vk;
105
209
tkosykA dksbZ eqyd lk: vk gkyr ewa?kkbZ lwa cnrh nq[knkbZ gSA Hkkjr eka; /kku
vj djl.k jh iSnkokj ?k.khokj [kir lwa cnrh fuitS vj mokajk ctkj Hkko rwV
tkoS ft.k lwa ctkj eka; ykxr lwa bZ de dher fe.k jh gkyr vk; iwxSA
vBkrd ds [ksr lwa mBk; ctkj rd iqxko.k jh etwjh bZ uh feSA vsM+h gkyr
eka; djlka jh ykpkjh ns[krka yl.k dkank xUuk vBkrd d xsgwa cktjh jh ljdkj
lejFku eksy lwa [kjhn dj.kh iM+AS vkS lejFku eksy de lwa de Qly ekFkS
vk;ksM+h ykxr jS cjkscj gkso.kkS pkbtSA b.k jS iNS bZ djlk vkre?kkr djrk
lw.khtSA rsjg cjlka eka; dksbZ <kb yk[k djlk vkre?kkr dj pqdk gSA b.k jkS
dkj.k [kir lwa cnrh fuit gkso.kkS bt ekuhtSA b.k bt <ax<kS dkj[kkuk fuit
uVcksYV ?k.kh Hkkar jk diM+k vj <kbZ jh fuitka gS ftdka ekFkS ljdkj jksd
yxk; jk[kh gS D;wa d vS lkjh vfrmRiknu gkyrka iwxksM+h gSA de lwa de ljdkj
uS vsM+h fuit ekFkS ljdkjh enn vj eatwjh rkS can dj.kh bt iM+SA i.k ts vka
fuitka uS vaosj u lap laHkk uS ijnslka csp.k jkS <axkS<ax mdjkl dfj;kS tkoS rkS
eqyd jkS Qk;nkS gksoS vj ewa?kkbZ ekFkS bZ vadql ykx ldSA feu[k jS bfr;kl eka;
vk ckr lkQ fuxs vkoS d lekt jh rjDdh vj vke vkneh jS thouLrj lq/
kj.k jS lkFkS lkFkS ewa?kkbZ c/k.kh yktheh gSA D;wa d RkjDdh jS lkFkS lkFkS fur uoh
lsokoka uoh deksMhVh ;k fur uoh phtka jkS fuit.kkS vj moka uS ijksV.k jh vknrka
eqnzk Qsyko ;k ewa?kkbZ jkS [kkl dkj.k c.k tkoSA b.k ckcr vjFklkL=h ba;w ekuS gS
d eqnzk jS QSyko jh lhek ikap izfrlr lwa aph uh gkso.kh pkbtS i.k Hkkjr eka;
rkS ?k.kh okj ewa?kkbZ 12 izfrlr rd iwx tkoSA rjDdh jk ljktkek eka; iSyh pht
/kjrh gSA D;wa d fuitka eka; iSyh vj lclwa t:jh uhM fuit Hkkstu gSA Hkkstu
lk: fuit jh fuHkZZjrk 98 izfrlr /kjrh ekFkS gS (80 izfrlr djl.k vj 18
izfrlr for ik.k) b.k jS lkFkS lkFkS [kka.kka dkj[kkuk lM+dka ca/kk usgjka xkspj
vj jgokl lcjkS v/kkj /kjrh bt gSA b.k dkj.k lwa /kjrh jkS ijksV.kks ykjyk rhu
lkS cjlka esa 30 lwa 40 izfrlr jS djhc cf/k;ks gS vj cu 60 izfrlr lwa ?kVrk
?kVrk 30 izfrlr rd iwx pqdk gSA Hkkjr tsM+S [ksrh[kM+ nsl eka; rkS cu 20
izfrlr jS yxsrxs bt cfp;k gSA b.k jS vykok [ksrh[kM+ eqydka eka; dkj[kuk
gx vj bykt jkS lqHkhrkS cf/k;ka iNS feu[k fx.krh bZ cf/k;ka xhA ft.k
dkj.k lwa eqnzk jkS lclwa ?k.kkS fuosl /kjrh eka; gksos vj /kjrh jk Hkko cf/k;ka tkoS
ftdk ewa?kkbZ c/k.k jkS iSyks dkj.k gSA /kjrh jS nkbZ bZ [kfut bZ /kjrh nhB fx.krh
jk bt gSA /kkfRod [kfut v/kkfRod [kfut vj ba/ku [kfut vka rhuka jh ek=k
210
dkt;h
/kjrh ekFkS fuitkbZ uh tk ldS i.k b;ka jh [kkst gksoS vj Hksk djhtSA feu[k jh
t:jr ekQd [kfutka vj /kkrqoka jh ekax cf/k;ka tkoS vj [kfutka jh [kkst vj
/kjrh eka; lwa dk<.kks /kkrqoka jkS lq/k dj.kks pkyw jsoSA i.k [kk.kka jh aaMkbZ vj
etwjh jk Hkko c/k.k lwa [kfut vj /kkrqoka ewa?kh gq;ka tkoSA vycr tehu jS nkbZ
ewa?kh uh gksoS D;wa d [kfutka vj /kkrqoka uS ikNh ijksV.k jS lkFkS lkFkS rduhd jS c/
kkiS lwa b;ka ekFkS ykxr de gksorh y[kkoS b.k dkj.k /kkrqoka jk Hkko tehu lwa
derj c/kSA [kfut dke eka; vko.k okh phtka jkS dOoks eky gksos lks [kfutka
jS ijoka.k nwth phtks bZ ewa?kh gq;ka tkoSA b;ka jS iNS ewa?kh gkso.k okh rhtS ikofM+;s
okh pht [ksrh jh fuit gSA i.k [ksrh jh ?k.kh fuitka uhM jS ikS eka; gkso.k lwa
b;ka fuitks eka; fuit c/kko.k jh gksM ykfx;ksM+h jsoSA lks [ksrh jkS jdcks c/kk;
uS U;kjk U;kjk mdjklka lwa fuit bZ cf/k;ka tkoS lkS [ksrh jh fuitka nwth fuitka
nkbZ ewa?kh uh gks; ldSA ?k.kdjh osk rkS [kir lwa cnrh fuit ctkj eka; vko.k
lwa i.k eanh jh ekj [ksrh ekFkS bt iM+SA gkykafd feu[k esgur vj dwaor jS ika.k
bZ /kjrh lwa vuar uh fuitk lds i.k feu[k fx.krh ns[krka xqtkjs jS ijoka.k /kjrh
feu[k uS ?k.kksbZ nso.k jh dwaor jk[kS gSA Hkkjr ckcr vankt gS d vBkjh /kjrh
yxsrxs rhu vjc feu[kka uS ik.k jh dwaor jk[kS gSA vj feu[k fx.krh lok
vjc bt gSA b;wa foLo eka; b.k c[kr dqy fuit yxsrxs bX;kjs vjc feu[kka jS
xqtkjs yk;d gks; jh gS vj feu[k fx.krh flQZ lkr vjc bt gSA b.k nhB lwa
uhM jS iks okh fuitka lLrh fe.kh pkbtS i.k oS ewa?kh bt uh fe jh gS i.k
foLo eka; Hkw[kejh QSy jh gSA b.k jkS dkj.k lIykbZ psu jkS fcxkM+ gSA gekj jh
fuit nhB lIykbZ flLVe jh dwaor ts 70 izfrlr gksoS rkS bZ Hkw[kejh [kre gks;
ldS i.k lIykbZ flLVe jh f[kerk b.k c[kr 50 izfrlr lwa bZ derh gS ft.k lwa
djhc 20 izfrlr Hkw[kejh QSfy;ksM+h y[kkoSA b.k jkS lcwr gS d ipkl gtkj Vu
gksVyka jkS vsasBokM+kS lkyks lky cjckn gks; tkoS vj Hkkjr tsMS+ eqyd eka; bZ ft.k
BkSM+ [kjkcks de gS dksbZ 42&45 gtkj Vu Q lfCt;ka ctkj rd iwxrka lM+
tkoSA xksnkeka jh deh lwa Hkkjr eka; rhl izfrlr vukt [kqykS ifM+;kS jsoS vj m.k
eka; lwa ?k.kdjkS fcj[kk vj pksjh ywV lwa cjckn gks; tkoSA b.k jS vykok dk
dqle ck< cjcknh [ksrh jh fuitka jkS iks[kkkS djSA lkFkS lkFkS tek[kksjh
dkkctjh lIykbZ psu lwa f[kyokM+ djSA vS lkjk dkj.k [ksrh jh fuitka eka;
ewa?kkbZ c/kk;ka tkoSA b.k Hkkar lk/ku lIykbZ vj lsokoka eka; v/kdpjki.k lwa ewa?kkbZ
cf/k;ka tkoSA
106
211
vk cnrh ewa?kkbZ ?k.kh rks uh i.k nw[krh ihM+ lwa vjke jS tksx dha [kkl
mdjklka lwa ?kVkbZ tk ldsA b.k jk mdjkl lekt ljdkj vj vsd vsd feu[k uS
vsdS erS vsd lkFks dj.kk iMS+A ftdk gksork vk;k gSA iSyks mik; eqnzk cSad djsA
cSad ctkj eka; lwa eqnzk jh ek=k ?kVko.k [kkrj lh-vkj-vkj- jsiks jsV vj fjolZ
jsiks jsV eka; t:jh cnko djSA T;wa Hkkjr eka; 1 izfrlr lh-vkj-vkj- c/kko.k
lwa 60 gtkj djksM+ cSadka jS ekjQr ikNk eqnzk cSad [kuS iwx tkoSA b.k Hkkar ctkj
eka; eqnzk jh deh ckij.k lwa eqnzk jk Hkko c/k tkoS vj phtka lLrh gksorh
y[kkoSA i.k eqnzk cSad jk vsM+k mik; dksjkS nw[krs eka; uls jh xksh yso.k nkbZ gSA
eqyd eka; ewa?kkbZ jkS vlj de jk[k.k [kkrj ljdkj uS ?k.kh yach lksp u ?k.kk
iSyk mdjkl dj.kk pkbtSA T;wa &
1- ctV eka; jktLo ?kkVks de jk[k.k lk: djka jks jksi.kks vj mxko.k jks
dke rdZlaxr rjhds lwa <axks<ax gkso.kkS pkbtSA djka jh nj derh jk[k uS O;kid
mxkbZ [kjk[kjh dj.kh pkbtSA
2- ljdkjh [kjp de jk[k.k lk: ljdkjh yoktes lesr fo/kk;dka
lkalnka eaf=;ka vQljka jk izksVksdksy Hkrka jh lhek cka/k uS eqyd eka; lknxh jkS
lansl nso.kkS ft.k lwa izsfLVl iblS lwa uh eku u lsok lwa ekuht.kh pkbtSA T;wa d /
kdyk ikap cjlka rd Hkrk uh c/kkokaykA
3- fo/kk;dka lkalnka eaf=;ka vQljka jh v.kwrh nsl ijnsl jh tk=koka ekFkS
jksd yxk; uS vkS dke dksjkS VsyhdkUsflax lwa djk;kS tk ldSA uoh rduhd lwa
vkS dke vksu ykbu fd;ks tk ldSA
4- lClhVh ;k vkj{k.k uh ns; u bUkLVDpj ;k vk/kkjHkwr <kaps uS
etcwr dj.kkS pkbtSA
5- jkgr dkeka jS uke lwa v?kM+ vLFkkbZ dke uh djk; u Lrjh; vj LFkkbZ
dke djko.kk pkbtSA T;wa ujsXkk jS ctV lwa vsd iwjh usgj ;k fctyh jh ykbu jkS
iwjkS dke djk;kS tk ldSA
6- lks/k [kkst uoh rduhd Qkst jk gfFk;kjka jks fodkl nsl eka; bt
gkso.kkS pkbtSA
7- cksikj ?kkVks de jk[k.k lk: fu;kZr c/kko.kks vj vk;kr ?kVko.k jk
mik; dj.kk t:jh gSA
b.k bt Hkkar ljdkjh dkuwu ijfeV dksVk delwa de dj uS gkftj phtka
uS dke yso.k eka; vkMk uh vko.kk pkbtSA T;wa jktLFkkau esa 13 yk[k edkauka jh
212
dkt;h
t:jr gS i.k 6 yk[k edku [kkyh ifM+;k gS ftdk dha dke uh vk; fj;k gSA
b.k lwa edkuka EkkFkS gq;ksM+kS fuosl fuitkm dke uh djSA b.k jkS dkj.k ljdkj jkS
fdjk;snkjka jS i[kS eka; v.kwrkS >qdko gSA ts ljdkj fdjk;k r; djus bZ edku
ekfyd jS i[ks esa fdjk;k dkuwu esa cnko djns rks tehuka vj edkuka jh ewa?kkbZ
ekFkS Qk;nscan vlj iM+sykA b.k <ax jkS cnko eqebZ tSM+k Lgsjka eka; dj.kkS
ifM+;kS uh rkS m.k BkSM+ cl.kkS yxsrxs vlEHko gkSA b.k <ax jk ljdkjh dkuwu
ftdk /kkrq /kku vj lk/kuka uS dke yso.k eka; vkMk vkoS oS cn nso.kk pkbtsA
i.k ljdkjh mik; lektw <kaps eka; cnko jkS dke vsdkvsd uh dj
ldS gSA fdrjkbZ dkuwu djM+k djnka rks bZ tek [kksjh dkkctkjh ?kwl[kksjh /kje
tkr jS ukae lwa gkso.k okh BxkbZ vj v.kfuitkm dke Sljdkj uS jksd.k lk:
?k.kh vc[kkbZ vkoSA rkS lekt uS bZ ewa?kkbZ jksd.k uS lksxks nso.kks ?k.kks t:jh gSA T;wa
/kje tkr jS ukae lwa gksof.k;k v.kfuitkm [kjpk] C;kao ekSr vj vsM+k nwtk eksVk
tlk eka; fn[kkos lk: gksof.k;k v.keki eksVk the.k lekt jh [kqn jh [kir
lwa bt :d ldSA T;wa gekj ikfdLrku ljdkj b.k <ax jk tlka eka; dksjh vsd
feBkbZ jh btktr lkFkS thef.k;ka jh fx.krh ?k.kh jk[k.k ekFkS jksd yxkbZ gSA i.k
b.k <ax jh jksd lekt vj tkr jh rjQ lwa gkso.kh pkbtSA b.k <ax jk mdjkl twuS
tekuS eka; ykxw gk i.k b.k c[kr fn[kkos jS yksHk lwa feu[kka m.k ckrka us Hkqyk;
nhA b.k lwa gkso.k okh ewa?kkbZ jkS lcwr Hkkjr eka; C;kao lkoka jS c[kr nw/k [kkaM ?kh
rSy tSM+h phtka ekFkS lkQ nhlsA ftdkS v.k[kknh jkS feu[kka eka; Mj cijkoSA
/kje jk /kdkslyka lwa ?k.kh eqnzk jkS iks[kkks gksos ft.k lwa fudekbZ vj fujklk QsyAs
eksVk eksVk iwtk?kj ;k bcknr?kj jh tkxk ts NksVk ca/kk vj dj[kkuka lekt jS pans
lwa yxkkoka rkS fuit vj jkstxkj c/ks vj ewa?kkbZ ?kV.k jk dkj.k c.ksA b.k bt Hkkar
ewa?kkbZ jksd.k jk dha ?kjsyw mdjkl bZ fd;k tk ldSA ft.k lwa cnrh ewa?kkbZ uS ekr nh
tk ldSA futw mdjklka esa isyks mik; [kko.k iho.k isj.k vks<.k jh phtka jks
<axks<ax pq.kko gSA b.k jS ijoka.k ?k.kh phtka gS ftdh ewa?kh phtka lwa Qk;nscan gksrka
Fkdka bZ lLrh fcds D;wa d Qslu jS eqtc moka jkS py.k de gksos vj ctkj esa
vken ?k.kh gksosA T;wa nkka esa lks;kchu vsd vsM+h nk gS ftdh nwth nkka lwa
ljhj lk: Qk;nscan gS i.k nwth nkka lwa lLrh fcdsA lks;kchu jkS rSy bZ
Qk;nscan gksorka Fkdka bZ py.k eka; uh gkso.k lwa lLrks fcdsA b.k bt Hkkar diM+k
ixj[kk rSy lkcqu vka lkjh phtka jkS pq.kko xq.k lwa fd;ks tkos rkS ewa?kkbZ jkS Hkkj
107
213
de y[kkosykA nwth ckr /kkau ?kh rSy eksle jS ijoka.k eksyko.kk ftdh pht
ft.k eksle eka; ckijs m.k eksle eqtca iwjS cjl ;k pkj N eb.kka jh Hksh eksyk;
yso.kh ft.k lwa m.k jS maps Hkko js vlj lwa NwV fe ldSA b.k ekeys eka; ibls jh
deh vsd vc[kkbZ gks; lds i.k vsd okj tqxkM+ gq;ka iNS vc[kkbZ feV ldSA
lkFkS lkFkS vsdS lkFkS eksyk;ksM+h phtka us cjl Hkj ijksV.k jh dk bZ lh[k.kh
t:jh gSA b.k bt Hkkar ?kjsyw lseku fejpka gnh /kk.k elkyk jsMhesM uh yso.kk
i.k vkdk yso.kk vj moka uS dwV ihl ?kjs bt R;kj dj.kk ft.k lwa udyh eky jkS
Mj uh jsoS vj jsMhesM lwa lLrk feSA b.k phtka uS dwV.k ihl.k R;kj dj.k jh
NksVh ?kjsyw elhuka vktdy ctkj esa fes ftdh de esgur lwa bt dke ikj
yxk; nsoSA b.k bt Hkkar ikiM+ cfM+;ka vkywikiM+h QksQf;k tsM+h ?kjsyw phtka
?kjs bt c.kko.k jh vknr iVd.khA Hkkjr tSM+S eqyd eka; tBs 62 izfrlr yksd
djl.k lwa tqfM+;ksM+k gS gj vsd feu[k yqxkbZ djl.k ckcr tka.ks gS rkS gj ?kj
eka; vsd NksVks cxhpks jk[k.kks ft.k eka; Qslu okk Qwy iks/kk uh i.k Q
lCth jk :a[k oSyka yxkko.khA ts ?kj jS vkxs ykjs tkxk uh gksos rkS bZ Mkxs
iksyhFkhu lhV ekFkS nl bap ekVh fcNk;uS vkS dke fd;ks tk ldSA ts Mkxks uh
gksos rkS bZ ekVh jk xeyka esa bZ oSyka yxkbZ tk ldS ftdh eksle eqtc lCth nsorh
jsoAS b.k ckr uS ba;wa le> ldka d jktLFkkau jk vsd yk[k edkuka eka; edku nhB
vsd fdyks lkx ckijs rkS jkst jh lks Vu lCth vsdyks jktLFkkau fuitkosyk ft.k
lwa ?kj /k.kh jS lkFkS lkFkS ctkj eka; bZ ewa?kkbZ ?kV.k eka; lkaxks ykxsA b.k jS vykok
feu[kka uS [kqn jh fnupfj;k jkS fuj/kkj.k b.k fglkc lwa dj.kkS pkbtS d fctyh
isVksy jh [kir de djh tk ldSA dqy fek; uS b.k ckr ekFkS iwjkS /;ku jk[k.kkS
d Qslu okh phtka geslka fMekaM jS iks esa jsos ft.k lwa moka ekFkS dj jksi.k gksoS
vj oS [kqn jS fuitkm mi;ksx lwa ewa?kh fcds rkS moka uS de lwa de dke yso.khA
vS b.k <ax jk rjhdk delwa de Hkkjr eka; ?k.kk twuk tekuk lwa feu[kka jk
vaxsft;ksM+k gk ftdk LgSjhi.ks jS Qsj lwa ejejk; iwjk gqvkA
i.k ewa?kkbZ c/k.k vj ?kV.k ?kVko.k jk b.k ljktkeka jS lkFkS vk ckr lko
lkph gS d feu[kka jh thoktw.k eka; lqHkhrks vj lksjkbZ ckij.k jS lkFkS lkFkS eqnzk
jS QSyko jS dkj.k ewa?kkbZ c/k.kh yktheh gSA T;wa xke pkS/kjh fdluk dkdk uS dksbZ
ewa?kkbZ ckcr loky dfj;ks t.kS fdlus dkds tokc fn;kS d feu[kka eka; gkmdkS
cf/k;kS gS EguS rkS ewa?kkbZ dha c/krh uh nhlh T;wa EgSa EgkjS Vkcji.kS vsd lsj ?kh lwa
214
dkt;h
vsd /kksrh tksM+ks vj ixj[kh eksyk; ysorkS vj vkt vycr vsd fdyks ?kh lwa
/kksrh tksM+ks vj ixj[kh iNS vsd NksVks iqM+hdks pk; jkS bZ fe tkoS iNS ewa?kkbZ
dBS gSA b.k bt Hkkar vsd nwth ckr 90&91 cjl jk Bkdj lk [kqn jh tokuh jS
c[kr jk eksph uanw jh nqdku iwxkA m.k BksM+ uanw jS iksrs vsd eksVh twrk vstsUlh
[kksy jk[kh ghA i.k Bkdj lk uanw jS Hkjksls eka; tk; ixj[kh jh ekax djhA Tk.kS
nqdkaunkj Bkdj lk jh ekax ekQd ixj[kh isjk; 300 :fi;ka jkS fcy idM+k;kSA
Bkdj lk fcy ns[k uS vkaf[k;ka rka.krk iwfN;k d Hkb uanw rkS vsd :fi;s eka;
ixj[kh isjk; nsorks vj Fkwa brjh eksVh nqdku [kksy uS rhu lks :fi;k ekaxs D;wa\
nqdkunkj tokc fn;ks d lk vk twrh m.k lwa lokbZ gS dhadj d b.k mej m.k lwa
nw.kh gS vj ijksV.k esa lksjh dksbZ rSy pksiM+.k jh t:jr uh gSA iNS bZ ftdks
:fi;ks vki Egkjs nkns uS nsork gk oks lkxs bt :fi;ks EguS ns; fnjkoks rkS EgSa
vkiuS vsM+h rhu ixjf[k;ka isjk; nwaA
b.k nhB lwa fdlus dkds vj uanw eksph js iksrs jh ckr lkss vkuk lkp
[kkldj u dkxth eqnzk ckifj;ka iNS rkS lok lkss vkuk lkpA ewa?kkbZ jS bfr;kl
ekFkS fxukj dfj;ka vk ckr lkQ fuxs vkosA vYykmhu f[kyth (1296&1316)
b;wa ekuhts gS d lkld jh gSfl;r lwa iSykiSy lIykbZ psu lc[kh dj.k lk:
ewa?kkbZ jS lkeh dkuwu jh Hkhar [kM+h djhA f[kyth lkjh t:jh phtka jk yso.k
csp.k jk Hkko r; dj u vke vkneh uS okftc Hkkoka lwa /kku yso.k lk: ljdkjh
xksnke [kksy fn;k gkA b.k dkj.k cksikfj;ka jkt jS f[kykQ gM+rky bZ djh gh i.k
f[kyth lsaxka uS r; Hkkoka lwa csp.k uS etcwj dj fn;kA [kSj b.k BkSM+ vYykmhu
f[kyth lwa ys; uS fczfVl ljdkj rd Hkkoka jk vkad [ksap.k lwa b.k ckr jkS
[kqyklks gks; ldSA vk lkj.kh xsgwa to /kku lDdj ?kh rsy fp.kk vj ewaxka jS Hkko
eqtx c.kkbth gSA
c[kr 1296& 1325&
1351& 1556& 1854& 1921&
1316
1351
1388 1605
1874
1941
lkld vYykmhu eksgEen
fQjkst lezkV
iwoZ
mrj
f[kyth rqxyd
rqxyd vdcj fczfVl fczfVl
Hkko
4-02
7-92
8-32 14-5
18-26 20-76
izfrlr 100
197
206
360
454
516
fVIi.kh vk/kkj
ew?a kkbZ
ew?a kkbZ ew?a kkbZ
ew?a kkbZ
ew?a kkbZ
c/kh gS
c/khgS c/kh gS
c/kh gS c/kh gS
108
215
b.k lkj.kh jS eqtc vYykmhu f[kyth jS iNs eksgEen rqxyd vj

fQjkst rqxyd jS tekuS eka; ewa?kkbZ c/k.k jh pky nks; xq.kh gh ftdh lezkV
vdcj jS c[kr rd ;kfu nks; lks cjlka eka; tkorh rhu lwa pkj xq.kk jS fcps
iqxh vj vaxzst vk;k ftrs nks; lks cjlka esa lk<h pkj xq.kk rd iwxh i.k vaxzstka
jS tekus eka; lko fipgrj cjlka eka; bt lok ikap xq.kk rd iwxxhA b.k jkS
dkj.k fczfVl ljdkj jh lksl.k jh uhfr vj m.k c[kr c/krks lqHkhrks vj lsokoka
uS crk;ks tk lds gSA fczfVl c[kr eka; jSy Mkd Hk.kkbZ fctyh VsyhQksu jh
lsokoka jkS c/kkikS gq;kS gkS ft.k jkS Hkkj Hkkjr jk dkexkjka vj djlka ekFkS gkSA
fczfVl cUnkscLr Hkkjr jkS dPpks eky baXysaM ys; tk; uS mBkjh ekynkjh esa c/kkis
jh uh;r jk[krkS gkSA fczVsu jh dkj[kkuk kafr Hkkjr lwa vkaf.k;ksM+s dPps eky jS
ika.k ikj iM+hA b.k lwa isyk vYykmhu vj eksgEen rqxyd jS fcpys c[kr
ewa?kkbZ jh pky dksjk pkhl cjlka eka; nqx.kh gkso.k lwa v.kwrh [kkFkh y[kkoS b.k
jkS dkj.k m.k c[kr jS lklu jh vO;oLFkk vj mFkyiqFky gks; lds gSA rkS ewa?kkbZ
jh pky c[kr jh gkyrka jkS dkp bZ gSA [kSj fczfVl dk eka; cnrh ewa?kkbZ vaxzstka
[kkrj [kklh eqlhcr c.kxh ft.k lwa NwV.k lk: vaxzstka dkxnh eqnzk tkjh djh
vj lsoV 1902 bZ- jk ewa?kkbZ eki.k lk: vsd Fkksd Hkko lwpdkad pkoks dfj;ks
x;ks ft.k dha [kkl [kkl ?kjcjrkm phtka jS Fkksd Hkkoka ika.k ewa?kkbZ jkS eki
djhft;ks vj nsuxh vj etwjh Hkrk bZ r; djhft;kA b.k jS iNS b;ka eka; lq/kkj
gksorks fj;ks ft.k lwa vkt jS c[kr dksbZ 576 phtka b.k fcxr eka; lkey
djhthA Ykkjs tkorka vsMk+ s fopkj gq;kS d Fkksd Hkkoka vj QqVdj Hkkoka eka; [kklkS
Qjd jsos t.ks QqVdj Hkkoka jh Fkkx yso.k lk: 1960 bZ- jk Hkkjr eka; miHkksDrk
lwpdkad c.kkbft;kSA b.k jS iNS xke vj Lgsj jh ewa?kkbZ jkS Qjd fuxs vk;kS t.kS
2011 bZ- jk Lgsj vj xke jk U;kjk U;kjk lwpdkad tkjh djhft;kA b;ka esa 2010
bZ- jk Hkkoka us 100 eku u /kku nkka nw/kQ chrks jksluh diM+k fcLrj ixj[kk
Hk.kkbZ bykt eufcyeko vkoks tkoks tsM+h phtka jk Hkko vkad eb.ks jk eb.ks
pkok dj.kk ekafM;kA ;kfu ewa?kkbZ ekFkS vadql yxko.k jk mdjkl ljdkjka vkijh
isB teko.k lk: dj.k ykxh vj trko.k ykxh d jk;k jS fgr jkS ljdkj uS iwjkS
lksp gSA i.k T;wa T;wa nqfu;k eka; rjDdh jh gx ckijh m.k jkS vlj pk:esj
gkso.kks ykteh gkS lks vk ckr ykjyk rhl cjlka jk ewa?kkbZ vkad lwa lkQ lkQ
nhlSA ts cjl 1981 bZ- uS vk/kkj ekuyka rkS ewa?kkbZ jh pky uhps eqtc gSA
cjl
1981 1991 2001 2010
Hkkovad 100
235
570
989
216
dkt;h
b.k Hkkar lkj.kh lkQ crkoS d ftdk Hkko 1981 bZ- jk gk oS 2010 bZ- eka;
;kfu rhl cjlka eka; yxsrxs nl xq.kk cn x;kA gess ts vka lkjf.k;ka vj Hkko
vkadka jh xqxkaBka lwa ckjs fud u ns[kka rks lh/kh ckr vk le> eka; vkoS d xsgwa
vykmhu f[kyth ft.k lclwa iSyk jklu jh nqdkauka [kksyh gh oks vkt jS fglkc
lwa 10 :fi;k fdyks nsorks gks i.k eksgEen rqxyd jS c[kr 25 :fi;k fdyks
fcfd;k fQjkst rqxyd jh eaMh eka; dabZ lLrk ;kfu 9 :fi;k fdyks fcdrk gk
ftdk vdcj js tekus esa 10 :fi;k fdyks vj iwoZ fczfVl c[kr esa 20 :fi;k
fdyks iwx x;k vj vaxzstka ewa?kkbZ c/kkorka 92 :fi;k fdyks csfp;k i.k vkt
Hkkjr jk xsgwa foLo ctkj esa lclwa lLrk gks; 15 :fi;k fdyks ;kfu 256 Mkyj
izfr Vu fcd fj;k gSA tnfd vkt jh feu[k fx.krh m.k fnuka lwa 20&25 xq.kk
cnrh gS vj vS lkjk eksy Hkko /kkrq vk/kkj lwa Qk;k gS tS eqnzk vk/kkj lwa Qkoka
rks b.k lwa 40 izfrlr ewa?kk nhlsykA gkykafd vk bZ ckr lkph gS d Hkkjr jh feu[k
fx.krh fuit uS lkaxks ns; jh gSA D;wa d dqy feu[k fx.krh eka; dke dj.k okka
jh fx.krh 50 izfrlr lwa cnrh gSA 1947 bZ- jk Hkkjr jh xsgwa jh fuit 50 Ykk[k
Vu gh ftdh 2009 bZ- jk 8 djksM+ Vu rd iwx pqdh gS vj feu[k fx.krh ftdh
30 djksM+ gh ok pkj xq.kk c/k u lok vjc jS usM+h iwxh i.k xsgwa jh fuit lkss
xq.kk cnrh gks;xhA vkS Mk- LokehukFku jh gfjrkafr jS peRdkj lwa gq;kSA b.k lsax
ckrka jS ckotwn ftdk eqydka eka; c/kkikS ;kfu fodkl jh pky ftrjh ?k.kh gS
m.k BkSM+ ewa?kkbZ m.k ijoka.k cnrh nhls vj nsl jh vehjh jkS vlj cf/k;ksMh+ ewa?kkbZ
:Ik lkQ fuxs vkosA i.k cnrh fuit thok tw.k eka; vc[kkbZ uh vko.k nsosA ts
nqfu;k jS nwtk eqydka jh ewa?kkbZ jkS njlko ns[kka rkS vk ckr lkQ nhls d ft.k BkSM+
rduhdh vkfFkZd vj dkuwuh <kapks ftrjkS etcwr gS m.k BkSM+ ewa?kkbZ mrjh cnrh
gSA ;wfu;u cSad vkQ fLoRtjysaM ft.kjkS nwtks ukae ;w-ch-vsl- ;k fLol cSad bZ
gS ok vkfFkZd ekeyka jh cUnkscLrh nhB nqfu;k jh lclwa pkoh vj prqj lqtkau
dEiuh ekuhts gSA ok gj rhtS cjl dher vj dekbZ ckcr nqfu;k jS ctkj jkS
losZ djSA lu 2012 bZ- jkS b.k dEiuh jkS 58 nslka jk 72 Lgsjka jkS dfj;ksM+ks iujoks
losZ b.k ckr jkS [kqyklks djs d nqfu;k jk lclwa ewa?kk Lgsj Vksfd;ks T;wfj[k U;w;kdZ
gkaxdkax vksLyksa vj nqcbZ gSA vk ckr 39 t:jh phtka jh vsd Nkc c.kk; m.k
jkS eksyHkko dj.k lwa Bkg iM+hA b.k Nkc jh dher Vksfd;ks eka; 928 ;w-,lMkyj gh tnfd nhYyh eka; 208 Mkyj vj eqebZ eka; 186 Mkyj ghA i.k b;ka
ewa?kk Lgsjka jk feu[k jh etwjh jk Hkko bZ ewa?kkbZ jS ijkoka.k y[kk;kA T;wa vsd fdyks
109
217
pko eksyko.k lk: T;wfj[k jk dkexkj uS 6 feuV dke dj.kkS iM+s rkS Vksfd;ks
eka; 15 feuV eqebZ eka; 31 feuV vj nhYyh esa 40 feuV dke dj.kks iM+sA b.k
bt Hkkar vsd ewa?kks vkbQksu eksyko.k lk: T;wfj[k jS dkexkj uS 22 ?kaVk dke
dj.kks iM+s tnfd nhYyh jk feu[k uS 338 ?kaVk [ki.kks iM+sA b.k vkadM+ka eka;
ftdh ckrka [kqykls djhth gS ok iSyh rkS vk gS d fodflr eqydka eka; ewa?kkbZ bZ
fodkl ;k c/kkiS jS ijoka.k bt jsosyk ;kfu xjhc ;k fiNfM+;ksM+k eqydka eka;
ewa?kkbZ bZ moka jS c/kkis jS ijoka.ks derj nhlsyk nwth ckr vk lkQ gksos d vsd
bt lqHkhrks gkfly dj.k lk: xjhc ewydka jS feu[kka uS m.k bt eki cnrks dke
dj.kks iM+sA T;wa vsd ewa?kks vkbQksu eksyko.k lk: T;wfj[k jkS dkexkj 22 ?kaVk
dke djs i.k fnYyh jS cklh uS 338 ?kaVk [ki.kks iM+sA gdhdru 22 ?kaVk dke
dj uS vkbQksu jh gSfl;r jk[k.k okS vkneh jS eqyd eka; vkbQksu jh fuit jS
lkFkS lkFkS ftdkS bUkLVDpj pkbtS gS oks iwjh rjg lwa fodflr gS vj 338 ?kaVk
dke dj uS vkbQksu jh dwaor gkfly djf.k;S feu[k jk cnrk dke jk ?kaVk m.k
BkSM+ bUkLVDpj [kM+kS dj.k eka; [kjp gks; fj;k gSA T;wa vsd feu[k gkFkka lwa
ydM+h dkVs vj nwtksM+ks vksVksesfVd elhu lwa dkVs rkS r; gS d elhu lwa dke
lksjks gksosyk vj gkFk jS ctk; ?k.kkS gksosyk iNS m.k uS dke jh dher bZ gkFk jS
dke fcps cnrh fesykA geS m.k jS gkFk eka; cnrk iblk vk;k rkS oks [kjpks bZ
lksjks lksjks vj cnrkS djsykA RkkS m.k BkSM+ ewa?kkbZ feu[kka jS [kjp dj.k jh gwal vj
phtka jh vken jS ijoka.k nhlsykA rkS b.k losZ jh nhB lwa Hkkjr xjhc eqydka jh
fcxr eka; fHkrks nhlsA gkykafd vk ckr rkS lkph gS d Hkkjr eka; vtS ?k.kk
dke bULVDpj jh nhB lwa gkso.kk ckdh gS i.k Hkkjr eka; ewa?kkbZ de nhl.k jk
nwtk ?k.kk dkj.k gS ftdk Hkkjr uS nqfu;k jkS vsd le>nkj vj ifjiDo cqh
okk feu[kka jkS nsl lkfcr djS gSA ftdk uhps eqtc fx.kk;k tk ldS gSA
esgurh djlk jS ika.k tSo izks|ksfrdh lwa gkfly mUur cht ft.k jS ika.k
djl.k ckxokauh eka; /kjrh jh dwaor c/kk; u /kkau jh fuit eka; vkl eqtc
btkQks gq;ks T;wa xgwas jh fuit gsDVj nhB vsd Vu lwa c/kk; uS gsDVj nhB 3&4 Vu
djrka Fkdka 7&8 djksM+ Vu xsgwa fuitkosA pko vj jcM+ jh gsDVj nhB fuit
eka; nwfu;k jkS fljeksj cf.k;ks Fkdks lclwa fljs pko fu;kZrd nsl gSA nw/k
(100fefy;u Vu cjlnhB) [kkaM (341fefy;u Vu cjlnhB) fuit jS lkFks
lfCt;ka Qka vj nkkaa jh fuit eka; nqfu;k jkS fljs mRiknd c.k pqdks gSA iNS
Hkkjr eka; djl.k ckxokauh jh fuit jkS [kjkcks vsd losZ jS eqtc 10 izfrlr lwa
218
dkt;h
bZ derh gS tnfd ewa?kkbZ okk vehj nslka eka; 50 izfrlr lwa ?k.kks gSA b.k bt
Hkkar /kkau diM+ks fpfdRlk vksVks xkfM;ka vj VasM esu ikoj eka; vkRefuHkZj bt uh
i.k fu;kZrd c.k pqdks gSA fl{kk jS ekeys eka; Hkkjr eka; 20 djksM+ Vkcjka jh
Hk.kkbZ jkS cUnkscLr gS vj vejhdk jS iNs nqfu;k jkS isyks nsl gS tBS oSKkfud
rduhfl;u lclwa ?k.kk gS ftdk v<kbZ yk[k lwa cnrk eksfV;kj ijnslka eka; eksVh
ru[kkoka okh ukSdfj;ka fdQk;rh [kjps lwa dj u nsl lk: ijnslh eqnzk Hkst
fj;k gSA vkbZ-Vh- vj dEI;wVj lksQ~vos;j jkS ?k.kks eksVks fu;kZrd gSA vkoktkos jh
nhB lwa nqfu;k jkS lclwa cM+ks (64000 fdyksehVj) jsy usVodZ jS lkFkS lM+dka jkS
tk Hkkjr [kuS gSA Hkkjr jk VkVk fery tsM+k d.kwdsokau m|ksxifr vj cksikjh
ftdk de equkQs lwa ?k.kks lseku csp u Qk;ns jh dk esa ikjaxr gSA oS [kqn jh gwal
vj gqfl;kjh lwa m|ksx jS lkFkS nqfu;k jk eksVk eksVk dkj[kkuka uS Qk;ns lwa pyk;
dCtk; fy;k gSA T;wa nqfu;k jkS lclwa cM+ks LVhy dkj[kkuks Hkkjr jh QeZ vjlsyj
fery jS dCts eka; gSA m|ksx eka; lhesaV jkS lclwa eksVks fuitkm gS vj [kuu esa
bZ fyXukbV lclwa Y;knk (23fefy;u Vu) fuitk; uS nqfu;k esa fljs gSA Hkkjr jkS
fodjk ctkj ft.k jk 5 djksM+ ijpwfu;k 466 vjc Mkyj jkS cksikj dj lkMh
pkj djksM+ jS djhc jkstxkj ns; fj;k gSA T;wa vsd vjc jS usM+k VsyhQksu 620
psuyka lwa pkyf.k;k 14 djksM+ Vsyhfotu ftdka ekFks 11600 djksM+ jkS fuosl gSA
14 djksM+ lwa cnrk osghdy ifjiDo vuqlkflr cSafdax ft.k eka; Mwcr lko
FkksM+h d bt gSA vktkn fjtoZ cSad ftdks jktfufr jh :xVk;ka lwa vNwrks gS vj
lclwa cM+h ckr rkS vk gS d Hkkjr esa vsdwds feu[k jkS [kqn jkS ljdkjh ra= lwa
U;kjkS vsd lkaLd`frd vFkZra= gS ft.k eqtc oks cpr vj [kjp uS dkcw jk[k uS
iwjh dkSe jkS vkfFkZd <kapks etcwr jk[ksA ft.k lwa Hkkjr jh dqy cpr th-Mh-ihjh 35 izfrlr gSA feu[k fx.krh jh 72 izfrlr Hkf.k;ksM+h 50 izfrlr lwa T;knk
dke dj.k okh tokau eksfV;kjka jh tekrA lclwa eksVks iztkrkaf=d cUnkscLr
ft.k jh vNwrh U;k;ikfydk jkS lwPkuk jkS gd ekuokf/kdkj tsM+k dkuwuka lwa
:xVk;ka ekFkS vadqlA ft.k jkS pkSdhnkj ltx vktkn ehfM;kA b.k <ax<kS
Hkkjr vejhdk vj phu jS iNS nqfu;k jh rhth lclwa rst c/kkiS okh vkfFkZd
rkdr c.k pqdks gSA b.k nhB lwa nqfu;k jk vehj nslka us ns[krka Hkkjr eka; ewa?kkbZ
de gkso.k jkS dkj.k vBkjh ekyh gkyr uS crko.kkS v.kwrh ckr gSA gkykafd
feu[k fx.krh jk 37 izfrlr xjhc fx.khts gS i.k nwth ?k.kh ckrka b.k vkadM+s jh
lkpkbZ ekFkS loky bZ [kM+k djs gSA T;wa Hkw[k fuokj.k eka; 81 nslka eka; 13 nsl
Hkkjr lwa ykjs gSA vlekurk fuokj.k eka; 187 nslka esa 53 nsl Hkkjr lwa ykjs gSA 25
110
219
djksM+ lwa mij /kuokk Hkkjr esa 81000 gS ftdka jh iwath 1200 vjc Mkyj gSA
Hkkjr [kuS nqfu;k jh nwth lclwa cM+h QkSt gS ft.k eka; rhth lclwa cM+h gokbZ
QkSt vj pkSFkh lclwa cM+h tQkSt gSA iNS ikapekas ijek.kq gfFk;kjka okks nsl
gS ft.k [kuS [kqn jh fodflr 5000 fdyksehVj ekj dj.kokh felkby gSA
dkuwu jh nhB lwa Hkkjr 183 HkzLV ns"kka eka; 96osa uEcj ekFkS gS vj eksVk djtnkjka
eka; bZ Hkkjr jkS uke uh gSA nqfu;k jk nl eksVk djtnkj rkS oS bt gS ftdk vehj
fx.khtS vj m.k BkSM+ ewa?kkbZ jkS vsd dkj.k moka ekFkS gq;ksM+S djtS uS crk;ks tkos gS
vj m.k vehj fx.khtf.k;k nslka eka; ewa?kkbZ jkS vkad ?k.kkS apkS gSA T;wa Hkkjr eka;
vsd jksVh jkS ctkj eksy gS nl :fi;k i.k U;w;kdZ fla?kkiqj ;k Vksfd;ks tkiku
eka; b.k bt jksVh jkS eksy vsd ;k nks; Mkyj gS ;kfu ipkl lwa MksM lkS :fi;kaA
isVk y
s jkS Hkko Hkkjr eka; flrj :fi;k yhVj gS ftdk bZekunkj nslHkDr ekuhtf.k;k
feu[kka jS eqyd tkiku eka; pksjk.kq :fi;k yhVj gS vj vehj nsl rqjdh eka;
,d lkS rhl :fi;k rkS tjeuh eka; vsd lkS rsjg :fi;k yhVj gSA vejhdk
ftdks nqfu;k jkS 3-6 izfrlr isVksy [kqn fuitkos gS m.k BksM+ Hkko gS ipkl :fi;k
yhVjA vk ckr rkS vke vkneh jS lEcU/k jh gqbZ geS vehjka jS dke vko.k okh
gokbZ tk=k rkS Hkkjr eka; lclwa lwa lwa?kh gSA Hkkjr eka; ftrjh gokbZ tk=k jk 60
Mkyj ykxs gS mrjh tk=k jk vejhdk eka; 132 Mkyj dukMk eka; 93 Mkyj phu
eka; 110 Mkyj vj vkLVsfy;k eka; 110 Mkyj HkkM+ks ykxs gSA b.k bt Hkkar
ftdks lekslks Hkkjr esa 10&15 :fi;ka rd fes oks vejhdk eka; Mks<&nks Mkyj
jkS ;kfu 80&100 :fi;ka eka; fesykA iNS vkyw VekVj /kku nk jk Hkko bZ b.k
fglkc lwa cnrk gSA bykt djko.k jS eqtc fny jh ckbZ ikl ljtjh jkS [kjpks
vejhdk eka; 144000 Mkyj gS tnfd Hkkjr eka; nqfu;k jkS lclwa derh 8500
Mkyj xSj ljdkjh vLirky jkS vkos vj bykt ts ljdkjh vLirky eka; djkoka
rkS ?k.kkS de [kjpks vkosykA b.k nhB lwa ewa?kkbZ jkS eqyd jh ekyh gkyr lwa lh/kks
xUuks gksorks y[kkoS gS i.k gjsd eqyd jh fuit feu[kka jh Hk.kkbZ vj lHkko
laLd`fr vj izkd`frd gkyrka jkS vlj bZ ewa?kkbZ jS de T;knk gkso.k jkS dkj.k gq;k
djS gSA lkFkS lkFkS vk bZ ckr lkQ nhls gS d dksbZ eqyd HkykabZ dhrjh rjDdh
djyks i.k m.k BkSM+ vehjh xjhch jS fcps c/krh [kkbZ uh :d ldSA gkykafd
ft.k rcdS uS xjhc ukae fn;ks x;ks gS m.k jh ekyh gkyr eka; lq/kkj cankscLr jh
dwaor jS eqtc yk;ks tk ldSA D;wa d rjDdh jS lkFkS lkFkS thok tw.k lwa tqfM+;ksM+k
ljktkek jkS c/kkikS gksoSA ctkj lk/kuka lwa iV tkoSA feu[kka [kuS eqnzk jh ek=k jkS
bZ etnwjh jk Hkko cn.k lwa btkQks gksoSA lks lk/ku cf/k;ka feu[k jh ikaSp lqHkhrka
220
dkt;h
rd lc[kh gks; tkoSA b.k dkj.k ykjyk rhu lkS cjlka eka; feu[kka jh thok tw.k
eka; ?k.kkS lq/kkj gq;kS i.k vehjh xjhch jh [kkbZ dksbZ pkj xq.kk cnxh gSA gkykafd
de iwath okka [kuS bZ VsyhQksu eksVj xkfM;ka fctyh vj eu fcyeko.k jk
lk/ku iwx pqdk gSA Hkkjr tsM+S ?k.kh vkcknh okS nsl eka; bZ dk dqle /kklnh
fc[ks jh ekj eksh iM+xh gSA i.k nqfu;k jk vsd djksM+ vehjka eka; gjvsd [kuS
10 yk[k Mkyj jh iwath gS vj lk<h rhu vjc feu[k lkS :fi;k jkst lwa xqtkjks
dj fj;k gSA b.k bt <ax ewa?kkbZ jkS vkcknh ;k feu[k fx.krh lwa bZ vsd [kkl xUuks
gSA ?k.kh okj rkS cnrh vkcknh ewa?kkbZ jksfd;ksM+h jk[kS vj xzksFk c/kkoS [kkldj
u [ksrh[kM+ eqydka eka;A T;wa nqfu;k jk lclwa ?k.kh vkcknh okk nsl phu vj
Hkkjr b.k c[kr lclwa [kkFkh jQ~rkj lwa vkfFkZd rkdr c.k fj;k gSA D;wa d b.k
BkSM+ dke djf.k;k eksfV;kjka jh fx.krh cw<ka vj Vkcjka lwa cnrh gSA b.k jS lkFkS
pks[kh rduhd mUur uLyka ?k.k nw/kk: ewa?kk ftukoj ?k.k fuitkm cht vj
Hkf.k;k xqf.k;k VsaM eksfV;kj ftdk phu Hkkjr tsM+k nslka eka; fnuksfnu ckijfj;k
gSA eksfV;kjka jh Hk.kkbZ vj nslh uLyka jkS lq/kkj nslh rduhd eka; lks/k ewa?kkbZ
?kVko.k uS ?k.kkS lkaxks ns; ldS gSA T;wa xqtjkr jh fxj tkr jh xk; 62 yhVj nw/k
ns; uS gekj fljs cf.k;ksM+h gSA iNS ukM+h eqjkZ vj tQjkcjnh HkSal jh ijnslka rd
bZ ekax gSA b.k bt <ax lwa dLehjh xkMj ikfLeuks lwa ?k.kh mUur gS i.k b;ka ekFkS
lks/k jh t:jr gSA vk ckr b;wa lkfcr gks; ldS gS d Hkkjr jh /kjrh ekFkS
vhdk jh /kjrh lwa dksbZ pkj xq.kks Hkkj cnrks gS i.k xjhch vhdk eka; var bt
?k.kh gSA b.k bt Hkkar Hkkjr jh /kjrh EkkFkS ;wjksi jh /kjrh fcps Mks< xq.kks Hkkj
cnrkS gS vj vejhdk jh /kjrh fcps vkslr ikap xq.kks Hkkj cnrkS gS i.k ewa?kkbZ m.k
BkSM+ Hkkjr lwa pkj xq.kk cnrh gSA b.k jkS dkj.k gS d vhdk jh /kjrh jk lalk/kuka
[kfutka vj ika.kh jh nhB lwa /kuokau gksrka Fkdka bZ mUur uLyka Hk.kkbZ vj rduhd
eka; Hkkjr lwa ?k.kkS ykjs gSA T;wa ika.kr jk tqxkM+ uh gS iwlk Hkkjr tsM+k cht uh gS
vj eksVh ckr Hkkjr tSM+k djlk vj dkjhxj uh gSA ewa?kkbZ vhdk eka; de gks;
ldS gS D;wa d eqnzk jS pyu ;k Qsyko jh xwatkbl uh gSA gka [kfut pkanh VsatksukbV
tSM+h phtka ekFkS vhdk jh idM+ gS i.k vkFkw.kk nsl m.kuS ywV fj;k gSA ;wjksi
vejhdk eka; ewa?kkbZ Hkkjr lwa ?k.kh gkso.k jk dkj.k m.k BkSM+ jk feu[kka jh vM+?kM+
vknrka fudeki.kkS lalk/kuka vj Hkkstu jh cjcknh Hkkjr lwa pkj xq.kk cnrh gSA
i.k tkiku dksfj;k tSMk+ eqydka eka; mBkjh vkcknh jkS v.kphR;ks vuqikr bZ ewa?kkbZ
jkS vsd dkj.k gSA m.k BkSM+ cnrh cqtqxkkZa jh fx.krh lwa fnuksfnu Je lfDr jh
deh vk; jh gS ft.k lwa etnwjh jk Hkko v.kwrk cnrk tk; fj;k gSA vko.k okk
111
221
fnuka ;kfu 2030 bZ- rd m.k BkSM+ feu[k fx.krh jkS rhtks fgLlks 65 cjl lwa mij
mej okks jkS gkso.k jkS vUnkt gSA m.k c[kr moka jh vc[kkbZ v.kwrh c/k tkosyk
D;wa d dj nsof.k;k lko FkksM+k d bt cpsykA b;wa bZ feu[k fx.krh c/k.k jkS
dkj.k [kkl dj u feu[k lekt jh Kku vj ekyh gkyr jkS c/kkikS bt gSA
vkcknh c/k.k jk ftdk dkj.k fx.kkbts gS oS gS iSyks&[ksrh vj /kjrh jkS ?k.k
fuitkmi.kkSA nwtkS&dkj[kkuk gx iNS thoktw.k jS lqHkhrs jkS c/kkikSA rhtkS
tq/k >xM+ka jkS [kkRekSA pksFkkS&bykt jS c/kkiS lwa /kklfr;ka jkS [kkRekSA ikapokS&fuitkm
/kjrh ekFkS nwtk feu[kka jkS ijk;k nslka lwa vk; cl.kks ;kfu ekbxzsluA /kjrh ekFkS
ft.k BkSM+ feu[k fx.krh c/kh gS m.k BkSM+ fxukj fd;ka Bkg iM+s d ftdh tkxk
/kjrh ?k.k fuitkm gh vj fuit ?k.kh gh m.k tkxk feu[kka jh ?k.kh tkfr;ka ckjs
lwa vk; cfl;ka x;kA rkS Hkkjr tSM+k eqydka eka; feu[k fx.krh c/k.k jkS vkS vsd
eksVks dkj.k gSA T;wa feu[k fldkj jkS /ka/kkS NksM c/kkiS jS lkFkS djl.k vaxsthA
vj Hkkjr tSM+k eqyd ckjseklh ufn;ka jS vkgM+s ikgM+s jsgokl djrk gk m.k BkSM+
jh /kjrh ?k.k fuitkm gkso.k lwa m.k fuit jS ika.k vkbZ vehjh jh ywV [klksV dksbZ
gtkj cjlka rd pkyrh jsbZA vk ywV ijnslka lwa vkof.k;ka epkbZ ftdk vBS bt
cfl;ka x;kA vkt bZ nqfu;k eka; vanktu dksbZ 21&22 djksM+ ?kqlisfB;k gS ft.k
eka; lwa 2 djksM+ vsdys Hkjr eka; tfe;k gS ftdk lkykslky c/k fj;k gSA m.k jS
iNS chlosa lbds eka; vkbZ dkj[kkuk gx lwa rduhd jS c/kkiS jS lkFkS feu[kka
uS /kjrh jk lalk/kuka uS ijksV.k jk uok uok rjhdk lh[kk;kA gx uS ctkj jh
t:jr gh lks ctkj lk: vj dPps eky lk: >xM+k dft;k gq;kA i.k lsoV
vka >xM+ka cksik: yM+kbZ jkS :Ik /kkj fy;ks ft.k eka; vhdk vj vsfl;k jk
jsgoklh ywVhft;kA oS ;sjksi uS vehj dj.k jh ;wjksiokfl;ka jh pkyka eka; Qal
x;kA b.k cksik: c/kkiS jh vnhB ywV[klksV lwa fuck nslka jS eky vj etnwjh jS
ika.k lck nsl vehj gq;ka x;kA T;wa vejhdk jkS eky vj uhxzks yksdka jh csxkj
lwa vejhdk ekykeky gq; x;ks vj Hkkjr jk eky vj ctkj jS ika.k baxysaM vehj
gq;ka x;kSA vkS bt dkj.k gS d xjhch vehjh jh [kkbZ chlosa lbds eka; dksbZ
nl xq.kh cnxhA i.k dkj[kkuk gx jS lkFkS rduhd jS c/kkis lwa feu[k jh
vdy eka; bZ c/kkiks gq;kS vj feu[k jS feu[k jh xqykeh lwa NwV.k jk mdjkl
ckifj;kA ?k.kk eqyd vktkn gks; [kqn jh rjDdh jk mdjkl dj.k ykxkA
csekfj;ka /kklfr;ka feu[k lwa gkj.k ykxxhA thoktw.k eka; lksjkiks ckij.k lwa
feu[k fx.krh cf/k;kaxhA b.k fcpkys vehjka xjhc fcps cnrh [kkbZ jkS [kkl
dkj.k gkS lIykbZ psu jkS fcxkM+ vj vM+?kM+ vkcknhA ftdk vehj gk oS vkijh
222
dkt;h
pkyka vj vehjk;r jS tkSj lwa fuit uS caVokM+s jh gdnkjh ekFkS dCtkS dj fy;kS
b;wa lIykbZ psu moka jS dCts eka; vk;xhA vkt vejhdk tBS nqfu;k jk lkMh pkj
izfrlr feu[k cls gS oks nqfu;k jkS chl izfrlr eky vsdyks bt gM+i ysos iNS
bZ nqfu;k eka; gkso.k oks fcxkM+ jkS bZ oks chl izfrlr vsdyks ftEesnkj gSA
gkykafd ykjys lbds eka; dha nwtk eqydka vkiksvkijk la?kB.k c.kk; uS vejhdk
jh b.k ywV ekFkS FkksM+ks ?k.kks ca/k yxk;ks gSA i.k vejhdk tSM+k eqyd gfFk;kj vj
nok;ka jS /ka/kS eka; iwjh nqfu;k uS m>k; uS ywV.k jk ftdk mdjkl fd;k gk moka
jS ika.k vk;ksM+h vehjh mBkjk ckfl;ka uS vklh vj fudek c.kk; jh gSA ft.k lwa
m.k BkSM+ gqfl;kj ;kfu lCtsDV ,DliVZ jh deh vk; jh gSA vkS bt dkj.k gS d
vejhdk eka; Hkkjr jk dksbZ <kbZ yk[k ?k.kk if<;ksMk+ eksfV;kj aps vksns ekFkS tk;
tfe;kA vk fx.krh fnufnu c/kjh gSA b.k nhB lwa vehj nslka jh pkyka moka jS [kqn
lk: bZ eqlhcr c.k jsbZ gSA rkS bZ feu[k jh [kkl t:jr jtk js HkaMkj isVksy jh
lIykbZ psu [kqn jS dCtS jk[k.k jk gFkdaMk vejhdk vkt rd dj fj;ks gSA b.k
ckr uS /;ku eka; jk[k uS de lwa de nwtk nslka uS vkiks vkijh lIykbZ psu Bhd
jk[k.kh t:jh gSA b.k lk: ykpkj gks; Hkkjr jkS fjtoZ cSad bZ ljdkj uS okjokj
lIykbZ psu Bhd dj.k jh lykg ns; fj;ks gSA rkS eqnzk eky rduhd gd vj
lalk/kuka jh lIykbZ psu nqjLr uh gksoS ftrjS ewa?kkbZ vkijks ukp ukpsykA T;wa Hkkjr
eka; nw/k jh lIykbZ psu vsd gn rd Bhd gS ft.k lwa nw/k jk Hkkoka esa fLFkjrk gS uh
rkS feu[kka uS nw/k fef.kkS bZ eqfLdy gks; tkorkSA dksbZ eky jh fuit iNs m.k jS
mi;ksx lk: m.k uS dke vko.k jh BkSM+ vj dke ysof.k;s jS gkFk rkabZ :[kk uS
fcuk [kjkcS fcuk fcxkM+ de lwa de [kjpss lwa iqxko.kks lIykbZ psu dghts gSA
lIykbZ psu jk eksVk ikap fgLlk gksos gSA iSyks&fuitko.kks] nwtkS&:[kk lkFkS
HkaMkj.k] rhtkS&:[kk lkFkS ifjogu] pkSFkks&<axks<ax :[kk lkFkS caVokM+ks vj
ikapokas&pht cLr uS vaosj uS fcuk fcxkM+ dke yso.kksA b.k ikapwa bZ tkxkoka ekFkS
fcxkM+ ;k cjcknh jh dqVso nqfu;k Hkj eka; ckifj;ksM+h gSA [kkl dj uS vehj
eqydka eka; rkS var bZ ?k.kh gSA vsd bVyh jh the.k cjcknh uS jksd u <axks<ax
caVokM+ks fd;ks tkos rkS iwjs bFkksfi;k jh Hkw[kh vkcknh jh isV HkjkbZ gks lds gSA
vsd vankt gS d ;wjksi eka; 90 gtkj Vu the.k lkykslky vssaBokM+s jS :Ik esa
[kjkc gks; tkosA gkykafd foKkfu;ka jh jk; eqtc b.k vsaBokM+s lwa fctyh
c.kko.k jk uok mdjkl gks; fj;k gS i.k vk cjcknh jksd.kh t:jh gSA b.k jS
vykok tek[kksjh vj dkkctkjh bZ lIykbZ psu jS fcxkM+ jk eksVk dj.k gSA
gkykafd b.k fcxkM+ uS jksd.k jk dkuwu iwjh nqfu;k eka; cf.k;ksM+k gS i.k moka jh
112
223
ikyuk eka; <hy cjcknh jksd.k uS ukdke;kc gkso.k jkS dkj.k gSA Hkkjr eka; bZ
vkoL;d oLrq vf/kfu;e&miHkksDrk laj{k.k dkuwu&izfrLi/kkZ fu;ked dkuwu&chek
vj cSad vj fo|qr fu;ked dkuwu jS lkFkS dks;yk dsjkslhu ph.kh forj.k lc jS
lk: lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh fu;e ekStwn gS vj ;wjksi vejhdk fcps [kjkcks
de gS i.k vts b.k eka; ?k.kh lq/kkj jh njdkj gSA T;wa gekj yqf/k;kuk iksLV
gosZLV baftfu;fjax laLFkk Hkkjr eka; cjcknh jkS vsd losZ dfj;ks m.k jk urhtk
b.k eqtc gS&1- Qlyka rhu lwa pkj izfrlr] 2- nkka pkj lwa N izfrlr] 3- Q
vj lCth nl izfrlr] 4- ekal eNyh <kbZ izfrlr fuit lwa miHkksx rd cjckn
gksos gSA dqy fek; uS ;wjksi eka; vk cjcknh ipkl izfrlr gS i.k Hkkjr eka;
vBkjs izfrlr bt gSA b.k jS vykok fctyh jh cjcknh 42 izfrlr rd gh
ft.kus gekj rd de dj uS 18 izfrlr rd yk;k gSA b;wa bZ vsd mnkgj.k Hkkjr
eka; xsgwa jh cjcknh jkS lkeh vkosA Hkkjr eka; xsgwa HkaMkj.k jh dqy dwaor 600
yk[k Vu jh gS ftdh fuit lwa de gS vk rkS ckr U;kjh gS i.k gS m.k eka; lwa bZ 15
yk[k Vu dwaor jk xksnke [kkyh ifM+;k gS vj 33 izfrlr /kkau [kqykS ifM+;ks gSA
xksnkeka eka; :[kk lwa rkS 545 Vu bt ifM+;ks gSA geS [kqykS ifM+;ks /kkau lkr
izfrlr ;kfu 42 yk[k Vu lkykslky lM+.k lwa cjckn gksos gSA b.k jkS eksy
vUrjjkLVh; ctkj Hkko lwa bX;kjS gtkj yk[k Mkyj gksos gSA ts b;ka lk: vsd
xksnke c.kko.k jk vsd yk[k Mkyj [kjpks ekauk rkS brjh cjcknh eka; rkS bX;kjs
gtkj xksnke c.k tkos vj vkS [kjkcks #d ldS gSA geS b.k lk: ctV jh deh
crkbZ xbZ gS i.k vkS dke ih-ih-ih- ;kfu ifCyd izkbosV ikVZujfli lwa fd;ks tk
ldS gSA b.k ckcr gekj aph vnkyr gqde fn;ks gks d [kjkc gksors /kkau uS
xjhcka eka; eqQr esa ckaV fn;ks tkos i.k ljdkj jh vc[kkbZ vk gS d ts eqQr
fn;ksM+ks /kkau xM+cM+h lwa ctkj eka; iwx x;ks rkS /kkau jk Hkko V.k lwa djlka jh
gkyr fcxM+ tkosykA RkkS vnkyr jS gqde iNS bZ xjhcka eka; ckaV.kks lt uh vkosA
lIykbZ psu nqjLr jk[k.k lk: iSyh ckr fuit miHkksx jS usM+h lwa UksM+h tkxk
gkso.kh pkbts ft.k lwa ifjogu de lwa de gksoAS nwth ckr HkaMkj.k vfrvk/kqfud
rduhd lwa [kjkbZ lkFkS gkso.kks pkbtSA T;wa Qka lfCt;ka lk: dksYM LVksjst vj
/kkau nkka lk: ckjnkuk cksfj;ka gekj jh rduhd jk okVj izwQ vj QQwan dhM+k
izwQ [kjkbZ lwa cjr.kk pkbtsA rhth ckr Ifjogu t:jr jS eqtc dksYM LVksjst
xkfM;ka lwa gkso.kks pkbtsA pkSFkh ckr forj.k ;k caVokM+ks fcpksfy;s jS ctk;
lh/kks dke ysof.k;s uS [kjkbZ lkFkS gkso.kks pkbts ft.k lwa v.k[kknh jh nykyh ;k
tek[kksjh lwa lIykbZ psu uh fcxM+sA ikapoha ckr miHkksx rd pht cLr jS uh
224
dkt;h
fcxM+.k jh XkkjaVh ;k [kjkbZ jh eksuhVfjax VseksVse gkso.kh pkbtsA T;wa vktdky

?kjks?kj ft vj nwtk ekbksoso vMka.k ykx pqdk gS ftdk lM+.k x.k lwa
:[kk djs vj dhM+k QQwan uh ykx.k nsosA gksVyka vj eksVk the.k jh tkxk
[kjkch uh gkso.k nso.k jh tqEesokjh dkfcy VsaM vQljka uS lwai uS m.k jh [kjkbZ
lwa eksuhVfjax djkbZ tko.kh pkbtsA ?k.kh okj djl.k vj ckxokauh jh fuit ?k.kh
gkso.k lwa m.k jk Hkko brjk V tkos d eaMh rd iwxko.k jh etnwjh bZ uh fes
vj djlka uS m.k fuit uS b;wa bZ QSad.kh iM+sA b.k gkyr uS Vk.k lk: vkyw
dkank fejp tsM+h lkjh phtka jh leFkZu eksy lwa [kjhn dj b;ka uS m|ksx lwa tksM+
b;ka jk Hkko uh V.k jkS iDdkS cUnksCLr gkso.kks pkbtsA b.k lk: fuit jh tkxk
jS usM+h usM+h tkxk ekFkS vksfu;u ikmMj] xkfyZdfiYl] vkyw fpIl tsM+k NksVk
eksVk m|ksx yxk; b;ka jS miHkksx eka; ij?kkbZ yk; eky jh :[kk gkso.kh
pkbtsA
geS t.kS vehj vejhdk uS Hkkjr jk if<;ksM+k eksfV;kjka jh njdkj gS vj
/kjrh ika.kh /ku jh ij?kkbZ okS eqyd vhdk eka; xjhch ?k.kh nhlsA vk[kj
D;wa\ b.k ckcr iSyh ckr rkS vk gS d xjhc fd.kuS dwafr;ks tkos\ T;wa vsd
ljdkjh ekurk gS d ft.k jS the.k eka; 2400 dsyksjh lwa de fes oks xjhc gS
i.k nqfu;k eka; vkt feu[k nhB 4600 dsyksjh jh fuit gSA Hkkjr vhdk eka;
?k.kk cupkjh gS ftdk cu jh fuit lwa isV iks gSA cu jh fuit eka; dsyksjh /
kku bZ uh nw/k lwa bZ cnrh gksos rkS oS jkrk ekrk jsosA i.k oS vehj uh dghtsA
gkykafd mokaus nqfu;k jh vehjh lwa dha rYykscYyks uh gSA iNS vktdky NksVk
eksVk /ka/kk djf.k;k bZ uh Hkh[k ekaxf.k;k bZ jkst jk [kklk ibZlk cksj ysosA t.kS
lkpkbZ eka; rkS oS bZ xjhc uh gSA iNS xjhc dq.k\ xjhc nsl\ xjhc dkSe fd.kuS
dfg;ks tk ldS gS\ lalk/kuka lwa vhdk eka; dksbZ deh uh gS iNS oks xjhc D;wa\
fLoRtjysaM eka; dksbZ lalk/ku uh gS i.k oks dksjh nykyh jS cwrs vehj D;wa\ b.k
ckcr vsd dFkk iqjka.kka eka; dghth gSA vsd fjlh gk d.kkn ftdka lclwa iSyk
naqfu;k uS crk;kS gkS d inkjFk NksVk NksVk d.kk lwa cf.k;ksM+k gSA oS b;wa dghts gS d
[ksrka eka; fc[kfj;ksM+k ukt /kku jk d.k [kqn Hksk dj uS [kqn jkS xqtkjks djrk gkA
vsM+s R;kxh egkrek lwa cjnku yso.k jh /kkj uS m.k eqyd jkS jktk HksaV iwtkis jh
xkMh Hkj;ksM+h ys; uS fjlh [kuS tk; iwxksA jktk fjlh uS xkMh Hkfj;ks /ku jh HksaV
esa euokj djrkS vklhl jh vjt djhA Tk.kS fjlh /ku lkeh ns[krk cksfy;k&jktu~
vkS /ku dksbZ xjhc uS tk; ns; ns EgkjS dBs dke vkosyk\ jktk jS le> uh vkbZ
113
225
d ftdkS feu[k nwtka jk fc[ksfj;ksM+k nka.kk pqx u isV Hkjs gS oks bZ [kqn uS xjhc uh
ekuS iNS xjhc dq.k gS\ t.kS oks fjlh uS bt iwfN;ks d vki crkoks d xjhc dq.k
gS\ fjlh iM+wrj fn;ks d jktk Fkwa nsl jkS /k.kh gS /ku eky lwa Fkkjk [ktkuk Hkfj;k
gSA rkS b Fkwa EgkjS tSM+s lU;klh [kuS ekax.k uS vk;ks gS lks Egkjh nhB lwa Fkkalwa eksVks
xjhc nwtks uh fesyk rkS vkS eky Fkwa bt ikNkS ys; tkA rkS fjlh jh ckr jkS E;kukS
vkS gks d xjhc oks gS ftdkS [kqn uS xjhc eku ysosA uh rkS Fkkh yksVk vMka.kk
esy uS ekjokM+h lsB fnlkoj tk; vjcka jk /k.kh c.krk vk;k gSA vkt b xqtjkr
jh nw/k okh csu tsM+k ftdh vsd xk; lwa Ms;jh jh l:okr dj rhu lkS xk;ka jk
/k.kh gks; djksM+ka jkS cksikj dj fj;k gSA lks /ku jh xjhch feu[k lk: xjhch uh
gS vj ru jh xjhch izd`fr fd.kuS bZ uh cDlh i.k eu jh xjhch rkS dksjh
/kkfj;ksM+h gSA [kkl dj u Hkkjr eka; lbdka lwa xjhc gkso.kks rkS bTtr jh ckr
ekuhtrh vkbZ gSA tqdkS Hkkjr uS nqfu;k jh nkSM+ eka; ykjs jk[k.k jks eksVks dkj.k gSA
vBkjk egkrek Kkuh lwa ys; uS vke vkneh rd lU;kl vj Qdhjh :Ik ekax
[kko.k uS pks[kks ekurk vk;k gSA Hkkjr eka; Hkh[k ekaxf.k;ka jh fx.krh c/k.k jkS
[kkl dkj.k vkS gS d esgur dj.k jS ctk; Hkh[k ekax [kko.kks bTtr jkS dke
ekuhtrks vk;ks gSA esgur vj djl.k uS nks;e njtks nhjhft;ks iNs cksikj uS rkS
ywV eku.k jkS i.k py.k bt iM+x;ksA b.k gkyrka eka; bZ vBkjk djlka vj
cksikfj;ka [kqn jh dwaor vj d.kwdS lwa vFkZra= jh :[kk djhA i.k Hkh[k jh
bTtr jh vkM eka; <ksax ik[kaM vj va/kfoLokl jh tkte tfe;kaxhA dkexkjka uS
dkjhxjka uS dykdkjka uS rks nkl c.kk; fn;k vj Hkh[k ekaxf.k;s uS egkjkt gkso.k
jkS gd fex;ksA b.k dkj.k nsl eka; dke dj.k jh laLd`fr csbTtr gqbZ ft.k lwa
dke laLd`fr de iuihA twuk feanjka eka; gtkj gtkjka jkS eky Hkh[k ekax Hksks
dfj;ksM+ks nfc;ks ifM+;ks gSA ?k.kdjks ijnslh ywV ys;x;k D;wa d Hkh[k ekaxf.k;k
iqtkfj;ka [kuS m.k jS :[kk jh ljnk uh ghA vkt ljdkj uS m.k /ku jh :[kk
csxkj :i dj.kh iM+sA b.k /ku jkS nsl vj tufgr lk:a dha mi;ksx uh gSA b.k
okrkoj.k eka; vkt fnu rd vk dqjhr pkyw gSA jktLFkkau jk vsd m|ksxifr gj
cjl vsd feanj pq.kkork vk;k gSA moka uS vkijs ibls uS bTtr nso.k lk:
fHk[keaxka jS lj.ks tko.kks iM+sA nsl jk lSax eksVk Lgsjka eka; mokajk pq.kk;ksM+k feanj
gSA vk ckr le> lwa ckjs gS d oS dkfcy vj d.kwdsokau gksorka Fkdka bZ dkj[kkuk
D;wa uh FkjiSA rkS isyh ckr Hkkjr jS gjvsd jsgoklh uS /kkj.kks iM+syk d oks xjhc
uh gS vj tsM+h rsM+h xjhch m.k jS ikarh vkbZ gS m.k us ekr nso.kh gSA geS ckr
vehjka jhA b.k ckcr egkRek xka/kh b;wa dfg;k djrk gk d /ku jk /k.kh m|ksxifr
226
dkt;h
vj cksikjh nsl jh iwath jk :[kkk lkpk VLVh gSA xka/khth jh vk ckr lko lkph
gSA dksbZ m|ksxifr tsM+ks rsM+ks bZ dkj[kkuks pyk; fj;ks gS rkS m.k jh iwath vj is<h
jh :[kk m.k [kqn jS ftrh lkopsrh vj gqfl;kjh lwa dksbZ nwtks ;kfu laLFkk ;k
ljdkj uh dj ldSA oks bt vsdevsd vsMk+ s l[l gS ftdks :[kk lkFkS gj
rjg jS c/kkiS lk: iwjh [kir djf.k;ks gSA b.k nhB lwa cksikjh uS pksj ;k ywVf.k;ks
eku.kks eu jh fod`fr gSA i.k feu[k gkso.k lwa m.k eka; bZ feu[kktw.k jh detksfj;ka
ekStwn gS lks dkuwu dk;nka lwa m.k jh <axks<ax eksuhVfjax t:jh gSA m|ksxifr;ka vj
cksikfj;ka uS bZ eulk okpk deZ.kk nsl jk VLVh :Ik bt dkae dj.kks pkbts i.k
eksVh ckr rkS vk gS d tS moka bZekunkj VLVh c.k dke uh dfj;ks rkS moka jkS cksikj
vj m|ksx nksuw bZ pksiV gkso.k jkS iwjks Mj lkeh nhls gSA rkS xf.kr jh nhB lwa oS
VLVh uS Vk uS nwtks dksbZ dkae dj bZ uh lds D;wa d moka jS [kqn jS [kko.k iho.k
isj.k vks<.k jgokl eu fcyeko gj [kpsZ jh vsd gn gSA oS m.k gn uS yka?ksyk rkS
m.kk jh iwath eqnzk :Ik esa ikNh lekt eka; fc[kj tkosyk vj nwtka jS dke
vkosykA gn lwa ckjs dfj;ksM+h v;klh moka jh mej bZ derh dj nsosykA rkS vk
ckr eku.kh iM+s d iwjs <kaps eka; lc jk lc vsd elhu jk iqjtk gS etnwj etnwj
jh BkSM+ vj djlks djls jh BkSM+ cksikjh cksikjh jh BkSM+ vj dkj[kuk jkS /k.kh m.k
jh BkSM+ b.k eka; xjhc vehj jh dkj [khap.kh dksjh v.kphrh gjdr gSA vFkZra=
eka; lSaxka jkS vkijkS gd gS vj lkjk b egrkm gSA T;wa vsd eksVj eka; ibM+k vj
baftu nksuka bZ pkys t.ks eksVj iwjh tk.khts iNS HkykabZ ykbV jkS [kVdkS bZ D;wa uh
gksoks ts oks vkijks dke NksM+ nsos rkS eksVj jh dwaor vj dher nksuka bZ ?kV tkosykA
iNS HkykabZ eksVj jkS ekfyd gksoks vj HkykabZ Mysoj nksuka uS bZ vc[kkbZ vkosykA
b.k nhB lwa ts gM+rky gksos dke :ds rkS dke jkS uqDlk.k rkS etnwj ;k fey
ekfyd nksuka uS bZ Hkqxr.kks r; gSA brjks bt uh ftdk ckjs mck mck reklks ns[k
fj;k gS moka uS bZ b.k uqDlk.k eka; Hkkxhnkjh fuHkko.kh bt gSA eqnzk dkae ;k fuit
eka; deh vko.k lwa [kqn jkS ctkj Hkko ?kVk; ewa?kkbZ uS fuerks nsosykA iNS vsd
vsd feu[k jh iwath ekFkS gM+rky jkS vlj lkQ nhlsykA vFkZra= vj eqyd jk
feu[kka jh csclh c/krh tkosykA b.k nhB lwa gM+rkyka gwyM+cktka ekFkS vsd
lektw vj ljdkjh vadql t:jh gSA T;wa iwjks nsl /kkjys d /kdyk ikap cjlka
rd gM+rky /kj.kk chtk dha uh djkaykA lkFkS lkFkS v.kfuitkm dkaeka ekFkS
gkso.k oks fuosl vj [kjp uS bZ vsd gn rd jksd.kks t:jh gSA bysDl.k] /kje
jk /kdkslyk] dqjhfr;ka] va/kfoLokl vj ulk[kksjh ckcr gksof.k;k pank vj
[kjpka uS jksd.k lwa ewa?kkbZ ?kVko.k jkS mdjkl fd;ks tk ldS gSA
114
227
geaS loky vkS gS d eqnzk ewa?kkbZ fuit vj ctkj jS b.k ek;ktk eka; vsd
vke vkneh [kqn jh vken [kjp jks dabZ tqxkkM+ jk[ks ft.k lwa m.k jh thokjh lksjh
lksjh ikj ykx ldsA b.k ckcr vsd NksVhd ckr Vkcjka lwa lq.k.k eka; vkosA Okk
b;wa gS d vsd djls uS vsd jktk [ksr eka; dke djrka ns[k uS iwfN;ks d HkbZ
djlk Fkwa brjh djM+h djl.k dj uS fdrjk*d iblk dekos vj m.k jkS dabZ djS
b.k ckr jkS [kqyklks djA t.ks m.k djls iM+wrj fn;ks d jktk EgSa b.k djM+h
djl.k lwa pkj iblk dekma gwaA iNS m.k pkj iblka eka; lwa vsd ibls lwa djtks
mrk:a vsd iblks djt nsma vsd ibls lwa ?kj [kjp /kdkma vj NsM+yks vsd iblks
osjs eka; Ugk[kwaA t.ks jktk ikNks iwfN;ks d HkbZ vk rkS lko vkMh T;wa c.kxh EgkjS
le> eka; uh vkbZ Fkwa FkksM+ksd [kqyklks dj u crkA Tk.ks oks djlks [kqyklks djrks
cksfy;ks d Egkjk ekbr EguS ik iksl yk;d c.kk;ks gS moka jkS Egka ekFkS djt gS
lks moka jh lsok pkdjh eka; Egkjh vken jk pkj iblka eka; lwa vsd iblks [kjp
gks; tkosA iNs EgSa bZ vsd fnu iq[rkiks ik; ykpkj gks; tkmayk lks m.k c[kr
lk: EguS Egkjk Vkcjka uS ik.kk iM+s ft.k lwa oS lck gks; iq[rkiS Egkjh lkj
lEHkk dj ldS lks vsd iblks moka ekFkS [kjp dj EgSa djtks nsma gwa tqdks moka lwa
<rh mej eka; mxkmaykA b.k jS iNS vsd ibls lwa gktj [kkrs ?kj [kjp /kdkma
vj NsM+yks vsd iblks EgSa jkt jh js[k pkdjh vj nku iqu eka; nwa ftdks EgSa ekuw
gwa d osjs eka; Ugk[kwa gwaA vkS csjs eka; Ugkf[k;ksM+ks bZ dnsb gkjh csekjh dk dqle
jkt jke jh enn :Ik dkae vk; tkosyk b;wa jkt jh cUnkscLrh :Ik dke rkS vkoS
bt gSA b.k ckr eka; gdhdru m.k djls feu[k jh vken vj [kjp jkS lkpks
[kkdks [ksafp;ks gSA yxsrxs gjvsd feu[k uS HkykabZ oks vehj gksoks ;k xjhc jktk
;k jad vken vj [kjp jS b.k [kkds eka; ca/k.kks iM+sA ckr vk gS d feu[k jh
vken rhu Hkkar jh ekuhtS gSA iSyh Hkkar gS f,fVo bude ;kfu jkst jh dekbZ
T;wa nsuxh ixkj ru[kk ;k jkst jks equkQksA nwth Hkkar jh vken gS ft.kus dsos gS
lkbysUl bude ;kfu xwaxh dekbZA vk xwaxh dekbZ eqnzk jS Qsyko lwa gq;ksM+h Hkko
?kVr ;k cV~Vs uS dkcw jk[kSA T;wa feu[k [kqn jh dekbZ jkS vsd iblks ;kfu vsd
fgLlks lqHkhrs eqtc tehu tk;nkn lksuk pkanh cjr.k /kkrq vj lk/kuka jS lk:
[kjp djsA vk tehu tk;nkn ;k /kkrq lk/ku eqnzk jS Hkko eqtc vkijks eksy c/
kk;ka tkosA ft.k lwa vsd vcksyh xwaxh dekbZ U;kjh gksorh y[kkosA T;wa vsd
vkneh vkijh iphl cjlka jh mej esa dksbZ edku nqdku [ksr eksy fy;k gk m.k
jks eksy m.k vkneh jh ipkl cjlka jh mej eka; m.k jh [kjhn dher jkS nl chl
228
dkt;h
xq.kks gks; lds gSA vkS cf/k;ksM+ks eksy m.k jh lkbysUl bude ;k xwaxh dekbZ gqbZ
vj rhth Hkkar jh vken gS ft.k us dsos gS iksVZiksfy;ks bude ;k lk[k vkenA vk
ok dekbZ gS ftdh m.k jS mej Hkj jS dke dj.k jS cnS eka; m.k c[kr gkly
gksos tn oks iq[rkiks ik; tkos vj fcuk dha dke chtks fd;ka fecks djsA T;wa
mej Hkj [ki [kik; uS nks; edku c.kk; fn;k vj vsd edku fdjk;s mBk; fn;ks
;k dksbZ [ksr cnrks gks m.k uS btkjs ekFkS ns; fn;ks ;k ukSdjh iwjh gqbZ iNs isUlu
fe.k ykx xhA b.k bt Hkkar ls;j ctkj eka; iblk yxk;k m.k jkS Qk;nkS csBka
csBk fe fj;ks gS rks b.k <ax lwa ftdh dekbZ gksos m.k us dsos gS iksVZiksfy;ks
budeA Tks csVk csVh lq/kj uS dekbZ dj.k ykx x;k rkS moka jh dekb bZ ekbrka
lk: iksVZiksfy;ks bude bt gqbZA RkkS djls jktk jS lkeh vken jkS ftdkS [kkdks
[ksafp;ks m.k eka; iksVZiksfy;ks vj lkbysUl bude jks vMka.k dj.kks bZ Hksks gkSA rkS
feu[k jh ftdh jkst dekbZ ;kfu fvsfVo bude gS m.k jS <axks<ax cUnkscLr lwa
lkbysUl bude vj iksVZiksfy;ks bude jkS vMka.k fd;ks tk ldS gSA vkS vMka.k
gj vsd feu[k uS fd.k u fd.k :i c.kko.kks iM+sA lkbysUl bude rks fvsfVo
bude jkS vsd fgLlks tehu tk;nkn ;k /kkrq ;kfu lksuk pkanh ekFkS [kjp dj uS
mxkbZ tk lds gS vj iksVZikfy;ks bZ fvsfVo lwa [kM+ks fd;ks tk ldsA T;wa djlks
vkijS pkj iblka eka; lwa vsd iblks ;kfu pkSFkkbZ fgLlks iksVZiksfy;ks c.kko.k uS
[kjp djrks gksA m.k bt Hkkar gj vsd feu[k uS de lwa de vkijh dekbZ jkS
pksFks fgLlks cpr [kkrs jk[k uS m.k jkS vsd caV lkbysUl bude lk: vj nwtks
caV iksVZikfy;ks lk: [kjp djrks jso.kks pkbtsA gjsd feu[k jh dfj;kM+h vk
cpr iwjs nsl jS dke vkos gSA vk cpr eqnzk :Ik esa cSadka eka; jsos vj /kkrq ;k
xs.kk xkaBk :Ik ?kj eka; jsos ftdh iwath uS c.kkbZ jk[ksA b.k lk: xs.kk xkaBka uS Hkw[kka
jkS Hkkstu vj /kkfi;ka jkS /ku fcjn cfDl;ks x;ks gSA b.k jS vykok vktdky
ljdkjh vj xSj ljdkjh cSad iksVZiksfy;ks lk: isUlu ,Q-Mh- vkj-Mh- ;kfu
fe;knh tek vj c[krlj yxwyx tek jh ;kstukoka [kksy jk[kh gS ftdka jS ika.k
dksb feu[k [kqn jkS iksVZiksfy;ks cSad jS lkaxs lwa [kM+ks dj ldSA b;wa c/kkis okk
nslka eka; gjvsd uS isUlu fe.k jkS cUnkscLr gS vj Hkkjr eka; bZ vkS dke l:
gks; pqdks gSA rkS /kdyk cjlka eka; Hkkjr eka; bZ gjvsd ukxfjd uS isUlu nso.k
jkS cUnkscLr gks; tkosykA nwth ljdkjh ;kstukoka eka; yksd HkfoL; fu/kh ykjyk
rhl cjlka eka; 10-72 izfrlr lclwa T;knk Qk;nks fn;ks gSA b.k jS iNS /kkrqoka
eka; pkanh 10-19 izfrlr vj lksuks 8-79 izfrlr fjVuZ ;kfu Qk;nks fn;ks gSA
115
229
tehuka esa xwaxh dekbZ jS :Ik esa Hkkjr esa ykjyk chl cjlka eka; 30 lwa 40 izfrlr
rd Qk;nks fe fj;ks gS i.k /kdyk chl cjlka esa Hkkjr esa feu[k fx.krh jS
c/k.k jh pky de gksorh gksorh Fke tko.k jh /kkj.kk gkso.k lwa /kdyk 15&20
cjlka eka; bekjrh tehuka eka; eanh jh xwatkbl gSA vsM+ks vankt gS d /kdyk nks;
lkS cjlka eka; nqfu;k jh feu[k fx.krh vkt lwa vk/kh ;kfu djhc 3-5 vjc js;
tkosyk b.k jkS gdks vlj gekj bZ nhl.k ykx x;ks gSA gkykafd fj;y bLVsV esa
20 izfrlr jkS btkQks gksorks nhls i.k ftdk ljdkjh edku djepkfj;ka [kkrj
cf.k;k gk oS ?k.kdjk [kkyh ifM+;k gS ft.k lwa ljdkj uS etcwj gks; vkS gqde
fudk.kks iM+ fj;ks gS d ftdks l[l edku eka; jsos gS oks m.k jS gLrs dj fn;ks
tkosA i.k vko.k okh bekjrh eanh ;k fj;y bLVsV Vs.M vkQ LyEi jS ckotwn
Hkkjr eka; [ksrh jh tehuka lkS cjlka rd xwaxh dekbZ jkS lk/ku cf.k;ks jsosykA b.k
jS lkFkS lksuks ft.k jkS dkj[kkuk esa dha dke uh gS vkijh ped ipkl cjlka eka;
Qhdh djrks nhlsyk i.k pkanh esa rsth c.kh jsosykA IysfVue VkbVsfu;e VaxaLVu
tsM+h feu[k jk udyh vaxka lk: dke vko.k okh /kkrqoka eka; rsth jsosykA
vktdky Xykscy Hkkoka ijoka.k /kkrqoka vj dkeksfMVh ekFkS cSadka jS tfj;s ?kjs cSBk
bZ fuosl fd;ks tk ldS gSA lkFkS lkFkS p<rk rjrk Hkkoka uS /;ku jk[k ?kjs cSBk bZ
[kklh cpr vj cksikj bZ fd;ks tk ldS gSA b.k lSax ckrka jS iNS bZ ftrjs feu[k
jh csclh eksh uh iM+s ftrjs feu[k jS thoktw.k jh jkM+ uh feV ldSA feu[k vj
ftukoj eka; izd`fr vkS eksVks Qjd jkf[k;ks gS d feu[k csclh uS esV.k jh dwaor
jk[kS vj ftukoj csclh lwa yM+rks ej feVsA feu[k Hkkstu mtkZ jsgokl isjokl
fpfdRlk lqj{kk ifjogu dkE;wfudslu tsM+h ?k.kh csclh uS eksh iVd.k jk
vMka.k gkfly dj fy;k i.k vtS fcj[kk jh v.kwrk;ka ck< Hkwdai rwQkau tSM+k
fc[kka jh ekj feu[k lkeh [kM+h gS ft.k lwa ika.kh lwa cjcknh vj fcuk ika.kh
cjcknh jkS ukp vsds lkFkS nhlsA vS vc[kk;ka eksh uh iM+s ftrjs ft.k uS xjhch
ukae fn;ks gS m.k lwa fiaM NksMko.kks lt uh vkosykA b.k nhB lwa Hkkjr eka; vtS
de lwa de vsd flapkbZ kafr ;kfu ika.kr gx vj vsd fo|qr kafr ;kfu
fctyh gx jh pqHkrh njdkj gSA b.k lk: Hkkjr eka; d.Bgkj ;kstuk lwa
ufn;ka uS tksM+ uS fcj[kk vj ck< uS dkcw jk[k.k jh ckrka gks; jh gS ts ikj iM+tk
rkS fc[kka eka; dha u dha eks iM+.k jh vkl gSA jktLFkkau eka; ueZnk vj ?k?kj jkS
ika.kh rkS iwx pqdks gS geS ts vkxjk lwa vtesj tequk uS iwxk; u yw.kh unh lwa tksM+
ns rkS Fkkj jh 60 izfrlr iM+h v[kM+ catj lwa dk;kiyV jh vkl bZ gSA b;wa vtS
nqfu;k eka; v.ki<i.kks vcw>i.kks /kjeva/krk rjDdh gkly dj.k eka; eksVh
230
dkt;h
vc[kkbZ gSA ft.k dkj.k vhdk vsfl;k tsM+h ?k.kh BkSM+ feu[k vj vknw tkrka
lwa rjDdh jkS <axks<ax Qk;nks uh yhjhtsA vka jh tw.k eka; lksjkiks cijko.kks lsaxk
lk: /kje gSA ftrjs vka jh thok tw.k eka; lksjks lkl uh vkos ftrjs nqfu;k esa
feu[ki.kks v/kwjks ekuhtsykA
feu[k fx.krh jS c/kkiS jkS derh gqorkS vkad
;g vUrj
c<+rk gh
pyk tk
jgk gSA
b.k Hkkar b.k [kkbZ jS c/k.k jkS [kkl dkj.k lIykbZ psu jh xM+cM+h gSA
ppp
116
232
feu[k
ykMdkS djrkj jkSA
pjkpj jkS fljekSMA+
len gst&gsr jkSA
xq&xkaBka jkS xBtkSM+A
eSykS etcwj eu jkSA
tkS mrjkS bZ gnrkSMA+
ijeslj jS d.kwdS jh ij[k gwaA
feu[k gwaA
nfj;ko nhu n;k jkSA
f?kj.kk ?keaM jkS ?kelkSMA+
fgalk jkS gn fgM+fd;kSA
ejtknk lkafr jkS ekSM+A
ykpkj [kqn yqrk;ka jkSA
dwaor dqVk;ka jh ksM+A
[kqn jS fg;S tkxrkS gj[k gwaA
feu[k gwaA
vc[kk;ka vw>ka jkS vtwckSA
vkiS jh v.keki vk?kksjA
ekNj ekf[k;ka jkS ekfj;kSA
pkan rkjka jkS fpr pksjA
nwB nqlfe;ka jkS nkfc;kSA
[kqn i.k vkne [kksjA
[kqn uS uh iM+S ok t[k gwaA
feu[k gwaA
dkt;h
/kjrh jkS /khaxka.kS /k.khA

te tqYeh jkS tksMk+ ;rA
gheka.kh lkS cjlka jhA
i.k iy iy jkS rksMk+ ;rA
tqxka lwa tkxrkS vy[k gwaA
feu[k gwaA
jke bZ gwa jko.k bZ gwaA
d`L.k bZ gwa dal bZ gwaA
lSrku ft.k uS Hkjek;kSA
m.k vkne jkS val bZ gwaA
v;klh jh vksf<;ka lwrkS flj[k gwaA
feu[k gwaA
ppp

KalJayi by Kailash Dan Lalas

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1

_hmamOm _mZqgh [wVH$ H$me em{Y H{$

[bm gH$aU 2014

_m{b : 350 [`{ _m

_hmamOm _mZqgh [wVH$ H$me em{Y H{$, Om{Y[wa

P.B. No. 165, Fort,

(MkW- daq- egsUnzflag uxj)

ukjh jh lekt eka; Bkoh BkSM+

fgUnw vj eqgEenh fgUnw

vktknh jkS vjFk

ckiw jh fparu uS nsu

ghjka rkSyh Egkjh cksyh

tq>kaj tu dfo jsaorth

gwtwj EgSa thowa gwa

11- lwjt uxjh&lka> HkbZ ijHkkr

12- tgwj lk*c lwa car

13- dksl&fujek.k % EgSa nsf[k;kS

14- xkSjo xzaFk ohj lRklbZ

15- jktLFkkauh dkO; eka; vktknh jh vy[k

16- aph ikslk eka;

17- jtk vc[kkbZ vj mdjkl

18- eqnkz &ew?a kkbZ&feu[k

vk iksFkh moka [kkrj uha gS ftdk d fod`r eu jS foyeko lk:

(izksQslj MkW- lksukjkae fc'uksbZ)

iwoZ v/;{k jktLFkkauh Hkk"kk lkfgR; ,oa

inEe.k ika.kh tkoS izkr]

lkFkS ekM+oS xke jS m.k rS jS vksh nksh nsf[k;ksM+h dk laLd`fr jk fprjke

feu[kka eka; [kkaMi yk/kS lksyadh jh cktSA dfojktk ckadhnklth yk/kksth jh

esVka iapka Bsdka jk fnuA

Ukkjh jh lekt eSa Bkoh BkSM+

b;wa ekuhtS gS d Hkkjr ekFkS eqfLye vke.k iNS jktkoka lqYrkuka vj

fganw vj eqgEenh fganw

vktknh jkS vjFk

fparu uS ckiw jh nsu

ghjka rksyh Egkajh cksyh

vBkrdkr d ftdka uS jktLFkkauh cjr.kh uh vkos oS feu[k bZ b.k Hkklk jS feBkl

vj fyjkokM+kS ;k cSB.k [kkrj fojkt.kkS gksoS cksyhtsykA Tkko.k vko.k lk:

fl/kks fl/kkoks fl/k djks jgks rks vkijh jk;A

jktLFkkauh jkS feBkl vj folkyrk Hkklkoka jS lalkj eka; vsd U;kjh

twatkj tu dfo jSaorth

tS ?kM+h fo/kkrk :ikh fl.kxkj fn;kS gS etnwjkaA

iky.kS eSa lkstk fizFkhikA

gwtwj EgSa thowa gwa

v/kwjh jsosA i.k vfHkO;fDr jh lhek uh gS vj uk bZ vfHkO;fDr jk nks; rhu vjFk

uk eSa dgrk uk eSa lqurk] uk eSa lsod Lokeh gksA

lwjt uxjh&lka> HkbZ ijHkkr

IysVQkje ekFkS dqf;ka jh HkhM+ uh nhlSA rj.kokka uS vkijkS vlckc

xf;ka jh ftUnxk.kh b.k c[kr ts x.kxksj ;k /khaxk&xoj] rkft;k ;k

tgwj lk*c lwa car

vj lksHkkxflagth 'ks[kkor oxsjk jk fuca/k laxzS fudf;k gS oS lSax O;fDrijd

th] ve`r th ukgVk] y{eheYy th fla?koh] jka.kh y{ehdqekjh pwaMkor tSMk+

loky&jktLFkkauh Nkika vj v[kckjka jS HkfoL; jS ckcr vkijh dabZ jk;

dksl&fujeka.k % EgSa nsf[k;kS

Hksk dj fn;kA lCnka jS HkSk dj.k jh yxu jS pkyrka 24 vizsy1940 jk fcykM+k

psr&ekau[kk] fcTth&dkseyth jh izsj.kk] vpyflagth HkkVh jkS {kf=; xkSjo]

2- [kysph jS ctk; U;kjk&U;kjk v{kjka jh eVfd;ka jk[k nh tkoS vj

iaMrth jftLVjka uS iwjk uh ns[k lfd;k] vsdk/k jftLVj cpX;ks gkS vj

Nrktksx m.kfnu duZy lkgc ';keflagth tks/kiqj i/kkfj;ksM+k gk lks duZy

Jh vuksi jkS iwr iwrkS ijekjFk jkSA

xkSjo xzaFk ohj lrlbZ

bZk u ns.kh vkijh gkyfj;S gqyjk;A

erokh tkscu lnk rw> tekb eka;A

jktLFkkauh dkO; eka; vktknh jh vy[k

egyt ywV.k eksdk p<~;k lq.;k paxstA