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izdk'kd %&
MkW nso flag ^v}Srh*
okYehfd [kkst dsUnz]
201] MkW vEcsMdj uxj] lax:j&148001 (iatkc)
nwjHkk"k % 01672&232950 eks %& 98157&29550
Web : valmikibhagwan.com
E-mail : valmikiresearch@yahoo.co.in
Bank Account: Dr. Dev Singh
State Bank of India, Sangrur (Punjab)
IFSC Code : SBIN0001759
Saving A/c No. 30296956178
Bank of Baroda, Sangrur
IFSC Code : BARBO SANGRU
Account No. 30470100002271
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5&6
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7&28
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lhrkouh&jkeuxj (dk'khiqj)
29&60
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30
33&44
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44&60
44
55
r`rh;& Hkkx
Fke& iq"i
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61&80
61&67
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^^T;s"Bks t;fr okYehfd% lxZcUk tkifr% A
;k loZ;n;kyhua dkO;a jkek;.ka O;/kkr~ AA**
ek lhrk th dh Lrqfr
^^lqexyhe dY;k.khe loZnk lqe/qj Hkkf"k.kheA
oj nkf;uhe txrkfj.khe Jhjke in vuqjkfx.kheAA
oSnsgh tudru;ke e`nqfLerk m/kfj.kheA
^ lhrk th bPNk 'kfDr gaS] f;k 'kfDr gaS] lk{kkr lokZJ;e;h gSa]
lhrk f=kxq.kkRed lalkj gS] lhrk xq.kkrhr] v[k.M] lfPpnkuUne;h gaS A
Jhlhrk] loZ osne;h gSa] loZZ/eZZe;h gSa] lcdk vk/kj vkSj dk;Z nksuksa gSa A
og Jh nsokf/nso ls fHkUu&vfHkUu nksuksa gSa A psru Hkh ogh gaS vkSj
vpsru Hkh ogh gSa& ogh lc dh vkRek gS A**
6
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jkek;.k ds vkfn
'yksd dh l`f"V%&ekrk
yFkiFk Hkwfe ij vk iM+k Fkk vkSj mls e`r ns[kdj ^kSph* us d:.k
Unu fd;k A ^kSph* dk d:.k Unu lqudj ^eqfu okYehfd* dk
d:.kk iw.kZ n; nzfor gks mBk vkSj n; eas egku 'kksdkuqHkqfr gqbZ A
mlh 'kksd ds dkj.k d:.k jle; ^'yksd* cudj egf"kZ okYehfd th
ds eq[kkjfoUn ls yksd dY;k.kkFkZ i`Foh dk vkfn (izFke) 'yksd izdV
gqvk ftl dk vFkZ gS %&^^gs fu"kkn~ (f'kdkjh)! rw Hkh vuUr dky
rd izfr"Bk dks kIr ugha djsxk D;ksafd rwus lafxuh ds izse esa eXu ,d
^kSp* i{kh dk c/ dj fn;k gS **%&
^^Ekk fu"kkn fr"Bka Roexe% 'kk'orh% lek%A
;r~ kSapfeFkquk nsdeo/kh% dkeeksfgre~ AA**
;g dfork eq[kfjr gksrs gh vkdk'k esa g"kZukn gqvk
ftl yksd dY;k.k ds fy, l`f"VdrkZ] ijcz okYehfd* th
us vorkj ysuk Fkk ml dk 'kqHk vkjEHk ^psrk* ds iq=k
^kpsrl* okYehfd th ds :i esa gqvk bl fy, rhuksa yksdksa ls
ck]
z fo".kq ]egs'k vkfn nsorkvksa us Qwyksa dh o"kkZ dh %&
^^lHkh nso f=yksd esa xktr Hk;s vkuUn A
ck
z fo".kq iqdkjrs dV gq, psrkuUn AA**
j?kqoa'k esa vHkh Hkfo"; esa mRiUu gksus gaS muds lEiw.kZ pfj=k dks mud
tUe ls igys gh izdV djsa A vki Jh jke dh iq.; dFkk dks ekuork
dh HkykbZ ds fy, 'yksd c dhft,A ^^ ,slk dkO; xzaFk u igys dHkh
gqvk gS vkSj u gh vkxs dHkh gksxk A tc rd ioZr vkSj ufn;k i`Foh
ij jgsaxh rc rd vkidh jph gqbZ ^jkek;.k dFkk* dk pkj gksxk %**&
^u rs okxu`rk dkO;s dkfpn= Hkfo";fr A
;kor~ LFkkL;fUr fxj;% lfjr'p eghrys AA
rkon~ jkek;.k dFkk yksds"kq pfj";fr A
10
ckotwn Hkh fo'ofl jpuk cu xbZ rFkk mudh ;s jpuk lEiw.kZ fo'o
esa yksdfiz; gks xbZ A vkt ge ;fn fdlh fo"k; ij dqN jpuk djuk
pkgrs gSa rks ge loZizFke ;g ns[krs gSa fd ml fo"k; ij igys fdlus
D;k fy[kk gS vkSj mu iwoZ fyf[kr jpukvksa ls ^sj.kk* ysdj ge viuk
ys[k fy[krs gSa ijUrq Hkxoku okYehfd th ds le{k ml dky esa sj.kk
nsus okyh dksbZ Hkh vU; ^lkfgR;d* jpuk ugha Fkh A okLro esa og
laLd`r lkfgR; ds egku sjd ,oa ^laLFkkid* gSa A mUgksaus lEnk;
vkSj tkfr ls nwj ^lH; lekt* dh ifjdYiuk dh gS A
egf"kZ Hkxoku okYehfd f"k;ksa ds egf"kZ] ;ksfx;ksa ds ;ksxh]
laxhrKksa ds laxhrK rFkk osnksa ds Kkrk Fks A mUgkasus ^osnksa* dh f'k{kk
^jkek;.k* esa fufgr dj nh Fkh A ^jkek;.k fryd* esa fy[kk gS
fd%&^^ Jh jke tUe ls igys ^vkfndfo kpsrl okYehfd* th us
^Jhjke pU* th ds leLr thou&pfj=k dks gkFk esa j[ks gq, vkoys
dh rjg R;{k ns[kk vkSj mu ds eq[k ls osn gh ^jkek;.k* ds :i es
vorfjr gq, %**&
^^ osnos|s ijs iqafl tkrs n'kjFkkRets A
^osn% kpsrlknklhr~ lk{kkn~ jkek;.kkReuk AA**
Hkxoku okYehfd th dk vk;kfRed xzUFk ^;ksxfof'k"V
egkjkek;.k* lkjh fo|kvksa vkSj Kku dk Hk.Mkj gS A ;fn vkfndfo
Hkxoku okYehfd th lalkj dks lH;] laqLd`r o ^eks{k* nsus okyk ^Kku*
u nsrs rks lkjh i`Foh ds euq"; ^vlH;* jgrs A ^;ksx* vkSj ^;K* ,d
gh gS rFkk bulsa fouk'k dks Vkyus ds lkFk 'kjhj dks fodkj eqDr fd;k
tk ldrk gS A iq:"kkFkZ ls nsg dks ij mBk;k tk ldrk gS A ftl
O;fDr esa iq:"kkFkZ gksxk og f;k'khy] vuq'kkflr o ijksidkj djus
okyk O;fDr gksxk A ,sls gh Hkxoku okYehfd th us lH; lekt dh
ifjdYiuk gekjs :c: lkdkj dh gS A
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dk;Z Fkk A yadk fot;h Jhjke pUnz dks ;q esa ijkftr djuk
yo &dq'k dk dk;Z ugh vfirq Hkxoku okYehfd th ds ^;q
dkS'ky* rFkk ^vkykSfdd& 'kfDr;ksa* dk gh ^peRdkj* Fkk A
jkek;.k esa mudk O;fDrRo ml le; latho gksrk gS tc og
^'kksf"kr ukjh* ekrk lhrk ds ckydksa ds fy,] mrjkf/dkj ls
oafpr yo &dq'k ds ^ljijLr* cu dj ^'kfDr* dk lapkj
djrs gaS A
;g ns[kdj
lHkh
njckjh xkksa dks mudh
jgL;e;
eqLdqjkgV ls dkSrqgy gksus yxk A njckjh xkksa dh ftKklk
ns[kdj ekrk lhrk us dgk %&^^ gs eqfu;ksa ! vkius ^jkok &o/*
ds izfr tks dgk og iz'kalk ifjgkl dgykrh gS A ;g lR; gS fd
^jkok* cMk nqjkpkjh Fkk ijUrq mldk o/ dqN iz'kalk ds ;ksX; ugha A
blds i'pkr ekrk lhrk us ^lgeq[k jkok* dk o`rkar lquk;k A
rc egkHkkxk lhrk th dgus yxh fd%&^^gs eqfu;ksa! fookg ls iwoZ tc
eaS vius firk ds ?kj eas jgrh Fkha rc ogk vkfrF; :i esa ,d czkk
i/kjs Fks A mudk esjs firk th us vkfrF; lRdkj fd;k A mUgkasus
r`Ir gksdj eq>ls tks dgk Fkk ^gs eqfu;ksa ! eSa mldk rqels okZu djrh
gw A jk{kljkt ^lqekyh* dh ,d ^dSdlh* uked dU;k Fkh tks ^
foJok czkk * dh iRuh Fkh vkSj ftl ls ^foJok* eqfu us ^nks iq=k*
mRiUu fd;s] mu nksuksa dk ,d gh uke ^jkok* FkkA ,d dk uke
^lgeq[k jkok* rFkk nwljs dk ^n'eq[k jkok* Fkk %&
^^gs eqfu;ksa ! bl dkjk vki esjs gkL; dks {kek djsa A ;g lqudj
eqfu tu /U;& /U; dgrs gq, lc txr dh fgrdkfjkh ^tkudh*
dh 'kalk djus yxs A lhrk ds opu lqu dj Jh jke us flagukn dj lc
dks dgk%& ^^ gs eqfu;ksa ! vkt gh ge ^lgeq[k jkok* dks thru
ds fy;s tkrs gSa vkSj ;g dg dj mUgksaus ^iq"id foeku* dk Lejk
fd;k vkSj og jFk Js"B rqjar ogk vk x;k A ml ij lkjh lsuk Hkjr]
y{ek] 'k=kq?ku] lqxzho] guqeku vkfn okuj rFkk egkckgq foHkh"kk Hkh
jk{klksa lfgr fLFkr gq, fQj lhrk ds lkFk egkcyh JhjkepUnz /uq"k
/kjk fd;s gq, dkexkeh ^iq"id foeku* ij fLFkr gq, A ^eu* dh
xrh] ^iou* rFkk ^x:M* ds leku osxoku og {kk ek=k esa ekulkskj
^iq"dj }hi* eas vk igqpsAvius 'kks;Z dks ekfkr djus ds fy, Jhjke o
^lgL=keq[k jkok* esa egklaxzke fNM+ x;k A ije 'kL=kfon Jhjke u
jk{kl jkt ds vL=kksa dks u"V dj fn;k A vL=k ;q esa ije izohk jk{klk
ds vkf/ifr ^lgL=keq[k jkok* us Hkh vR;Ur q gks Jhjke ds ij
^iUukx vkL=k* dk izgkj fd;k ftl ls jkok ds /uq"k ls NwVs gq, ckk
liZ cu dj fxjus yxs A Jhjke us LokZ ia[k okys liZ 'k=kq ^x:M
vkL=k*dk izgkj fd;k ftl ls egk fo"kSys liks dk uk'k gksus yxk A
q gksdj ^lgL=keq[k jkok* us ,d rh{k ckk ls Jhjke ds o{k dk
cha/ fn;k rc ?kk;y gksdj Jh jke ewfNZr gks x;s A yadk esa ekrk lhrk
th dh vfXu ijh{kk ysus ds ckn Jhjke dk rst Hkax gks x;k Fkk A
bl fy, og ijkftr gks x, vkSj og foeku esa gh fxj iMs A ewfNZr
gksdj fxjrs gh mudh lsuk Hkkxus yxh rFkk ^lgL=keq[k jkok*
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izlUurk ls u`R; djus yxk AJh jke pUnz th dks ewfNZr iM+k ns[k
tud ufUnuh lhrk th mPPks Loj ls glus yxha vkSj vius iwoZ :i dk
R;kx dj ^egkfodjky* :i /kjk dj pkj Hkqtkvksa* okyh] ^izy;&
flU/q* rFkk dky ds leku ^?kVk& ik'k* /kjk djus okyh ^iq"id&
foeku* ls 'kh?kzrk ls mrj dj ^[kMx& [kiZj* /kjk fd;s 'ksjuh ds
leku ^lgL=keq[k jkok* ds jFk ij VwV iM+h A lkjk czkM dkaius
yxkA ^lgL=keq[k jkok* ekrk lhrk dks vcyk tkudj glus yxk rc
ksf/r ^ek lhrk* us ,d fues"k ek=k esa gh viuh yhyk ls ^lgL=keq[k
jkok* ds fljksa dks [kMx ls dkV dj mldk var dj fn;k %&
^^f'kjkafl jko.kL;k'kq fues"kkUrj ek=kr% A
[kM~xsu rL; fpPNsn lgk.khg yhy;k AA**
ekrk lhrk us vU; ohj ;kskvksa dks dkV dj [kM& [kM dj
fn;k vkSj Hk;adjh lhrk jk{klksa ds fy, izy; cu dj mUgsa ekjus yxha A
muds fljksa dh ekyk cuk dj Lo;a /kjk djds vV~Vgkl djus yxha A
/jkhru;k lhrk us /jrh ij tks Hk;adj u`R; fd;k mls ns[k bUnzkfnd
nsork ^ek lhrk* th dh t;&t;dkj djus yxs A
ohj ;qxksa ds vkn'kZ Lo:i] lR; ijk;.k vkSj lexz uSfrdrk ds lkdkj
ewfrZ Lo:i] vkn'kZ ru;] vkn'kZ ifr] vkn'kZ firk] loksiZfj jktk jke
o.kZu fd;k gS ] mldh rqyuk esa vf/d ikou] kty ] e/qj vFkok
ljy Hkk"kk gks gh ugha ldrh vkSj ^ekrk lhrk* ds fo"k; esa D;k dgk
tk, \ rqe lalkj ds leLr kphu lkfgR; dks Nku Mkykas vkSj eaS rqel
ldrs gks fdUrq mlesa ls rqEk ^lhrk* ds leku nwljk vf}rh; pfj=k
ugha fudky ldksxs A
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nwljs fnu izkr% dky os vkxs pys vkSj nksigj rd xaxk ds fdukjs
ij igqps A xaxk dh ty/kjk dks ns[krs gh y{e.k ds us=kksa ls ty/kjk
cg pyh vkSj os QwV&QwV dj jksus yxs A lhrk us fpfUrr gksdj muls
jksus dk dkj.k iwNk A y{e.k us muds 'u dk dksbZ mkj ugha fn;k
vkSj jFk ls mkj dj ukSdk ij lokj gksdj os lhrk lfgr xaxk ds nwljs
rV ij tk igps A xaxk ds rV ij ukSdk ls mrj dj y{e.k lhrk ls
gkFk tksM+dj cksys%& ^^ gs nsoh ! vkt eq>s cM+s HkS;k us ;g dke lkSaik gS
ftlls lkjs yksd esa esjh Hkkjh fuUnk gksxh A eq>s ;g crkrs gq, Hkkjh ihM+k
gks jgh gS fd v;ks;k esa vkids yadk izokl dh ckr dks ysdj Hkkjh
viokn QSy x;k gS A blls vR;Ur nq%[kh gksdj egkjkt jke us vkidk
ifjR;kx dj fn;k gS vkSj eq>s vkidks egf"kZ Hkxoku okYehfd th ds
vkJe xaxk ds rV ij NksM +vkus dk vkns'k fn;k gS A **
tUe ds ckjs esa fofHkUu izdkj ds mYys[k rFkk ekU;rk, miyC/ gSa A
^vkuUn jkek;.k* tUe dk.M (lxZ&4) ds vuqlkj %& ^^bl rjQ nks
eghus chrus ij lhrk us 'kqHk fnu o 'kqHk ?kM+h esa ,d iq=k jRu dks tUe
fn;k A lhrk ds iq=k dk eq[k ns[k eqfu ifRu;k vkSj lHkh eqfu dqekj
ukpus yxs A cUnhtu Hkxoku okYehfd th dh Lrqfr djus yxs A
mUgksaus ml ckyd dk uke ^yo* j[kk A f"k ifRu;ksa us lqUnj ?kh dk
nhid tyk dj ^lhrk* rFkk uotkr cPps ^yo* dh vkjrh mrkjh vkSj
u`R; djrs gq, fofo/ dkj ds eaxyxku xk;sA ;g ijEijk
^tkudh* /ke Hkxoku ^okYehfd* vkJe] ^djhyk* xko]
ftyk v'kksd uxj] e; ns'k esa vkt Hkh pfYyr gS A ogk
jaxiapeh dks ^yo&dq'k* ds tUe fnu ij yk[kksa Jkyq u`R;
ds lkFk eaxyxku xkrs gaS A ogk ij efUnj esa Hkxoku
^okYehfd* th ds lkFk ekrk ^lhrk* o ^yo&dq'k dh lqUnj
ewfrZ;k fojkteku gaS A
,oa
dFkk ^lfjrklkxj* ds vuqlkj ^dq'k* dk tUe o`rkUr bl izdkj
gS %& ,d fnu dh ckr gS fd ekrk lhrk Luku ds fy, unh dh vksj
tkus yxh rks mUgksaus Hkxoku okYehfd th dks dqfV;k ds ikl gh ;ku
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voLFkk esa cSBs gq, ns[kdj dgk fd%& ^^ gs izHkqq ! vki ckyd ^yo*
dk ;ku j[kuk ! eSa Luku ds fy, unh rV dh vksj tk jgh gw A**
Hkxoku okYehfd ls bl izdkj dgdj lhrk th relk unh dh vksj
pyh xb A ekrk lhrk unh dh vksj tk jgh Fkha rc mUgksaus ,d ckujh
dks vius cPpksa ds lkFk [ksyrs gq, ns[kk rc mldks Hkh vius iq=k ds
izfr Lusg dk vuqHko gqvk vkSj og nkSM+h&nkSM+h okfil vkJe dh rjQ
vk xbZ A og vkJe dh dqfV;k ls fcuk Hkxoku okYehfd th dks dqN
dgs ckyd ^yo* dks mBk ykb vkSj jkLrs esa ykM+&I;kj djrh gqbZ
ckujh dks fugkjrh gqbZ unh dh rjQ Luku ds fy, pyh xbZ A
dqN nsj ds mijkUr Hkxoku okYehfd th dks ckyd ^yo*
dk ;ku vk;k vkSj og dqfV;k dh rjQ ykSVs vkSj ^yo* dks ogk
u ns[k dj fpfUrr gks x, fd dksbZ fgald i'kq ckyd dks mBk dj ys
x;k gS A bl fy, vc eSa lhrk dks D;k mkj nwxk \ bl ij mUgksaus
vUr;kZu gksdj fpUru fd;k vkSj lkjh fLFkfr le>us ds rRi'pkr
mUgksaus ^dq'kk* (?kkl) dks ikksa ls <dk vkSj vius rikscy ls ^dq'kk*
ls ckyd ^yo* tSlk ,d ^ckyd* cuk fn;k A Luku ls ykSVus ds ckn
ekrk lhrk ,d vU; uotkr ckyd dks dqfV;k esa ns[kdj vk'p;Z
pfdr gks xb] mldh [kq'kkh dh dksbZ lhek u jgh A og nksuksa ckydksa
dks mBk dj Hkxoku okYehfd th ds pj.kksa esa fuosnu djus yxh fd
%&^^gs izHkq ;g D;k gS \ Hkxoku okYehfd th us lhrk th dks lkjk
o`rkUr lquk;k gSa **%&
^^gs iq=kh lhrs ! vkt ls rqe gh bu nksukas ckydksa dk
ikyu&iks"k.k djksxh A ^dq'kk* ls mRiUu gksus ds dkj.k bl
23
v'oes/ ;K %&
yo&dq'k ;q %&
rnUrj vius eksgukL=k ls ogk mifLFkr lkjh lsuk dks ewfNZr dj fn;k
^^gs jke th ! ;fn y{e.k dks thfor ns[kuk pkgrs gks rks mldh
lgk;rk dhft, A m/j yo&dq'k us y{e.k dks 10 ck.kksa ls ?kk;y
dj fn;k vkSj og ewfNZr gks x;s rc yo&dq'k fot;h gks x, A
lhrk us dgk %& ^^gs jke ! eaSus vkids flok fdlh nwljs iq#"k
dk Li'kZ rks nwj jgk] eu ls Hkh fpUru ugha fd;k A ;fn ;g lR; gS rks
Hkxorh i`Foh nsoh eq>s xksn esa LFkku nsa vkSj ;fn eSa ] ok.kh ,oa deZ ls
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f}rh;& Hkkx
Fke& iq"i
8-,
9101112-
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f}rh; iq"i
lhrkouh&jkeuxj (dk'khiqj)
dqek esa jkT; fd;k Fkk A bl nkSjku budh jkt/kuh ^pEikor* vkSj
^vYeksMk* esa gqvk djrh Fkh A ohjrk ds lkFk ;q djus ds ckn os jkT;
34
ohj [kEHk eSnkuh {ks=kksa esa ,dkUrd o igkMh {ks=kksa esa pksdkUrd f'k[kj
^fc"V* dh Le`fr esa fMxzh dkyst 'kklu dks nku dj fn;k A bl ifjlj
ds pSiy Hkou esa vkt 'kkunkj o cstksM+ laxzgky; gS A
'kSyh ds gksrs Fks A budk otu ,d gtkj fdyks ls vf/d gksrk Fkk A
uSuhrky Mh-,lch- ifjlj fLFkr bfrgkl foHkkx dk laxzgky; Hkou Hkh ,sfrgkfld
Hkou gS A lu~ 1870 esa bl Hkou dh LFkkiuk ^oSystyh* Ldwy ds pSiy
(futh fxjtk?kj) ds :i esa dh xbZ Fkh A Mh-,l-ch- ifjlj esa dHkh
^oSystyh* Ldwy gqvk djrk Fkk A ckn esa ;g iwjk ifjlj dqek ds
ekynkj nku flag ^fc"V* us [kjhn fy;k vkSj vius firk nso flag
35
tehu esa ncs jgL;ksa dks tkuus dh tqxr esa yxs mu xzkeh.kksa dks dqN
ijs'kkfu;ksa dk lkeuk Hkh djuk iMk A ,sls esa buls NsM+NkM+ ij ^ek;koh*
vkSj ^nSoh;* 'kfDr;ksa dk Hk; ekudj xko okyksa us [kqnkbZ cUn dj nh A
djhc pkj ls ikp QhV ps bu LrEHkksa dks fo'kky iRFkjksa dks rjk'k dj
cuk;k x;k gS ftuij fofHkUu vkd`fr;k vkSj fMtkbu cus gq, gSa A buesa
fy[ks f'kykys[kksa dks Hkh vc rd dksbZ i<+ ugha ldk gSA
jkeuxj dkcs V
Z ikdZ ds lkFk lhrkouh vc
i;ZVu LFky ds :i esa fodflr gks jgk gS
^lhrkouh* esa i;ZVdksa dh c<+rh rknkn ls blds lkQ
ladsr ns jgh gS fd i;ZVd {ks=k fodflr gksus ls ^dkcsZV ikdZ* esa
i;ZVdksa dk ncko de gksxk vkSj lkFk gh ljdkj ds jktLo esa c<+ksrjh
Hkh gksxh A jkeuxj ls 15 fdyksehVj nwj ^lky* o ^lkxkSu* ds ?kus
taxyksa ls vkPNkfnr ^lhrkouh* d`fr o lqjE; okrkoj.k dh lq[kn
vuqHkwfr djkrk gS A ek lhrk dk kphu eafnj gksus ds dkj.k og {ks=k
/kfeZd fygkt ls Hkh egRoiw.kZ ekuk tkrk gS A {ks=k esa ck?k] gkFkh]
rsnqvk] phry] lkaHkj ]dkdM+ ] uhyxk; ] taxyh lwvj] taxyh fcYyh]
lhosV] dSV] lsgh] usoyk] eksj] fx o fpfM;ksa dh vusd tkfr;k
ljhl`i rFkk fdaxdkscjk o vtxj vkfn ik, tkrs gaS A bl fygkt ls
jkeuxj esa Hkze.k ij vkus okys nslh&fons'kh i;ZVdksa ds fy,
^lhrkouh* vc eqQhn txg curk tk jgk gS A
foJke x`g esa Bgj ldrs gSa i;ZVd %& fnu esa
fdukjs clh blh uxjh dk uke rc ^oSjkV iRru* ;k oSjkV uxj Fkk A
^dR;wjh jktkvksa* ds vkus ds iwoZ ;gk igys ^dq#* jktoa'k ds jktk
jkT; djrs Fks] tks o"kZ 1940 bZLoh ls iwoZ izkphu bUnzizLFk (vk/qfud
fnYyh) ds lkezkT; dh N=kNk;k esa jgrs Fks A yksd ekU;rk gS fd ;g
{ks=k Hk;adj taxyksa ls Hkjk iM+k Fkk A loZFke taxykr foHkkx d
rRdkyhu deZpkfj;kas rFkk LFkkuh; NqV&iqV yksxksa us Vhys ij ewfrZ;k
dks ns[kk rc mUgsa ekrk txtuuh ek nqxkZ dh bl LFkku ij mifLFkfr
dk ,glkl gqvk A ,dkUr lqulku taxyh {ks=k esa] Vhys ds uhps cgrh
^dkslh unh* dh cy /kjk] ?kkl&Qwl dh lgk;rk ls ij Vhys rd
p<+uk] taxyh {ks=k esa tkuojksa dh Hk;adj xjtuk ds ckctwn Hkh
HkDrtu bl LFkku ij ek ds n'kZuksa ds fy, vkus yxs A taxykr d
rRdkyhu cM+s vf/dkjh Hkh ;gk ij vk;s A dgk tkrk gS fd Vhys d
ikl ek nqxkZ dk okgu 'ksj Hk;adj xjtuk fd;k djrk gS A dbZ ckj 'ksj
dks bl Vhys dh ifjek djrs gq, Hkh yksxksa }kjk ns[kk x;k gS A
Hkh og fyIr jgrs Fks A igkM+h {ks=k fo'ks"kdj NksVk gYn~okuh xko mudk
.kh jgsxk ys[ku dkS'ky us mUgsa ,d dkYifud O;fDr cuk fn;k vkSj
z
vesfjdk] ;wjksi] vQhdk
vkSj vkLVsfy;k esa Hkkjr dh yksdfiz;rk
c<+kbZ A budh lqizfl iqLrd ^eSu bVlZ vkQ dqek* dkyk<walh esa
fy[kh xbZ Fkha vkSj 1944 esa gh bldh nks yk[k ipkl gtkj izfr;ka fcd
xbZ Fkha A
vQzhdk esa ^dhfu;k* vkSj ^ratkfu;k* fte dkcsZV dh csgn
ilanhnk txgksa esa ls Fkha A lEHkor% ogha dh dqek tSlh igkMh;k]
vaxzsth vkSj fgUnh ckyus okys yksx] yk[kksa fgUnqLrkuh] Hkkjrh; O;atuksa
dk HkaMkj] fo'kky efUnj vkSj fxfjtk?kj mUgsa ?kj ls nwj ,d ?kj dk
vuqHko fnykrk Fkk A o"kZ 1922 esa mUgksaus vius fe=k ^ikjlh foane* ds
lkFk feydj ^ratkfu;k* esa ,d lEifRr [kjhnh A thou Hkj og vkSj
mudh cgu ^eSxh* vfookfgr jgs vkSj ,d lkFk jgs A fte dkcsZV tc
72 o"kZ ds gks x, rks mUgsa Hk; yxus yxk fd mudh e`R;q ds mijkUr
^eSxh* dh ns[kHkky dkSu djsxk A m/j dhfu;k esa ^fu;jh* ds ikl
muds Hkrhts ^tujy Vke dkcsZV* [ksrh djrs Fks A fygktk viuh cgu
ds lkFk fte dkcsZV fgeky; ls izLFkku djds dhfu;k ds ^,ojMs;j*
igkM+h esa ^fu;jh* uke ds xko esa tk cls gkykafd mudk fny vius
uSuhrky esa gh jgk AA
^fte dkcsZV us'kuy ikdZ* ls gksdj ^jkexaxk* unh cgrh gS A
vktk+nh ds ckn bl ikdZ dk uke ^fte dkcsZV us'kuy ikdZ* j[k
42
fn;k x;k Fkk A ^fte dkcsZV* ds uke ij ikdZ dk ukedj.k fd;k x;k
Fkk A og ,d f'kdkjh Fkk A i;kZoj.k esa mldh dkQ+h fnypLih Fkh vkSj
mlus bl ikdZ dks fodflr djus esa dkQh lg;ksx fn;k Fkk A Hkkjr ds
r`rh;&iq"i
ck?k] rsanqvk vkSj gkfFk;ksa dh l[;k ds dkj.k ;g ikdZ nqfu;k Hkj esa
43
^ikSM+h* 'kgj eueksgd 'kgj gSSA ftlesa fgeky; dh Jsf.k;ksa ds n`'; gSa
vkSj pkS[kEck ioZr dk n`'; Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS A x<+oky eaMy dk
iz'kklfud dk;kZy; ^ikSM+h* x<+oky esa gS A pwfd ;g ioZrh; {ks=k gS
blfy, ;gk ij ?kkfV;k vkSj ioZr Jsf.k;k gSa A eq[; ioZr Jsf.k;k&uUnk
nsoh 25661 QhV] desr 25413 QhV] f=klwy 23382 QhV] cnzhukFk
23210 QhV] nqfUxjh 23181 QhV rFkk dsnkjukFk 22843 QhV
ph gS A
py jgk Fkk ysfdu jktk jkepU th dks 'kadk Fkh fd iztk muds ckjs esa
u tkus D;k&D;k /kj.kk j[krh gS A bl fy, mUgksaus vius dqN nwr
yksxksa dh ckrsa lquus ds fy, yxk fn, A ,d fnu ,d nwr us lwpuk nh
fd ,d /ksch viuh iRuh dks MkaV jgk Fkk vkSj dg jgk Fkk fd rw jkr
Hkj dgk jgh \ tk esjs ?kj ls fudy tk A /ksch dg jgk Fkk fd eSa rsjs
fy, dksbZ ^jke* FkksM+s gh gw tks ^jko.k* ds ?kj jgh lhrk dks vius ?kj
j[k yw A tc ,d /ksch us ekrk lhrk dh ifo=krk ij lansg fd;k rks
jkepU th us lhrk th dk R;kx djus dk eu cuk;k vkSj y{e.k th
dks lhrk th dks ou esa NksM+ vkus dks dgk rc y{e.k th lhrk th dks
mkjk[k.M nsoHkwfe ds ^f"kds'k* ls vkxs ^riksou* esa NksM+dj pys
x;s A ftl LFkku ij y{e.k ths us lhrk th dks ^fonk* fd;k Fkk ;g
LFkku ^nso;kx* ds fudV gh pkj fdyksehVj vkxs iqjkus ^cnzhukFk*
ekxZ ij fLFkr gS A rc ls bl xkao dk uke ^lhrk&fonk* iM+ x;k vkSj
fudV gh lhrk th us vius vkokl gsrq dqfV;k cukbZ Fkh ftls vc
^lhrk dqVh* ;k ^lhrk lS.k* Hkh dgk tkrk gS A ;gka ds yksx
dkykUrj esa bl LFkku dks NksM+dj ^eqfN;kyh* xko pys x;s vkSj os
vius lkFk ekrk lhrk th dh ewfrZ Hkh ys x;s A mUgksaus ogk ij ekrk
lhrk th dk efUnj cuk;k ftlesa vkt Hkh iwtk&ikB gksrk gS A
riksou%& ikSM+h x<+oky esa vkt Hkh nks LFkkuksa dk uke ^riksou*
gS A ,d ^tks'kheB* ls lkr ehy mkj esa uhrh ekxZ ij rFkk nwljk
^f"kds"k* ds fudV ^riksou* gS A ^LdU/ iqjk.k* ds dsnkj
[k.M] v;k; 139&35&55 esa lhrk vkSj y{e.k th dk ^nso;kx*
i/kjus dk o.kZu feyrk gS%&
46
^dksV egknso* esa lhrk th us nks cPpksa dks tUe fn;k ftudk uke
jktk jke dh lsuk dks ijkLr dj Lo;a jke dks ;gk vkus ds fy, foo'k
dj fn;k A tc jktk Jh jkepU th lSuk lfgr vius ?kksM+s dks NqM+ku
;gk vk;s rks ^yo* vkSj ^dq'k* muls dkQh rdZ&fordZ djus yxs A
dgrs gSa fd ckr dks c<+rk ns[k ekrk lhrk us ^yo*& ^dq'k* ls dgk
fd csVk ;gh Jhjke gSa vkSj ;s rqEgkjs firk gSa A lhrk dh ckr lqudj
^yo&dq'k* rks eku x;s fd Jhjke gekjs firk gSa ysfdu Jhjke dk
'kadk gqbZ fd D;k ;s nksuksa ckyd esjs gh iq=k gSa ? rc egf"kZ Hkxoku
okYehfd th ds le>kus ij Hkh tc Jhjke dks fo'okl ugha gqvk rks Jh
jkepU th us lhrk&ekrk th dks iqu% izek.k nsus ds fy, dgk A
dks /jrh esa lek nsrs gSa vkSj mlds flj ds ckcM+ :ih ?kkl ds ckyksa dk
izlkn ds :i esa ckV nsrs gSa A ftl {ks=k esa lhrk th dh lekf/ LFky g
mlesa lnSo [ksrh gksrh gS A [ksr dh yEckbZ&pkSM+kbZ bruh gS fd mle
jktk Jhjke llSU; Bgj ldrs Fks A
dh xqfM+;k dks lknj lefiZr djus ds ckn lka;dky dks esyk lekIr gks
tkrk gS vkSj ;kf=k;ksa lfgr y{e.k efUnj dh jaxhu otk;sa okil
y{e.k efUnj dks pyh tkrh gSa A
mDr rF;ksa ds vk/kj ij ;g ckr lkfcr gksrh gS fd txr
ekrk lhrk th dks tc Jhjke pU th us yksd e;kZnk dk fuoZgu djrs
gq, ou esa Hkstk Fkk rks mUgsa ;gha mkjk[kaM esa gh NksM+k x;k Fkk A ;gk
ij lhrk th ls lEcfU/r dbZ ^yksd xhr* vkSj ^yksd ekU;rk;sa *
izpfYyr gSa A mkjk[k.M Hkwfe tks fd lfn;ksa ls ^nso Hkwfe* ds uke ls
tkuh tkrh gS ;gk ij ^Jhjke* th ls ysdj ^ikapksa ik.Mo* viuh
eqfDr ds fy, vk;s Fks A egkjktk n'kjFk ds uke ls Hkh ^nsoiz;kx* ds
ikl ^n'kjFk ioZr* gS tgk ds ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd egkjktk n'kjFk
us Jo.k dqekj dks ;gha ^'kCn Hksnh rhj* ls ekjk Fkk A ;gha ^n'kjFk
ioZr* ij ^Jo.k eaxjh* nso iz;kx ls dqN gh nwjh ij vkt Hkh gS A
dgrs gSa fd ;gha ij Jo.k vius I;kls ekrk&firk ds fy, ikuh ysus
x;s Fks A mkjk[k.M Hkwfe /U; gS tgk ij le;≤ ij egku iq:"kksa
ds pj.k iM+s gSa A ;gk dh d.k&d.k esa Hkkjrh;rk ds n'kZu gksrs gSa A
;gh og Hkwfe gS tgk ekrk lhrk us vius dks /jrh ekrk dh xksn esa
lefiZr fd;k Fkk A
gh na'k >sy jgs gSa A ^dsnkj [k.M* esa of.kZr dFkk ds vuq:i
ckn ekrk lhrk /jrh dh xksn esa lek xbZ Fkha A ekrk lhrk th
dksV esa gj o"kZ lhrk ekrk dh ;kn esa ^QyLokM+h* ds HkO; esy
51
52
fo"V gqbZ Fkha izLrqr fd;k A vkt Hkh tgk ij lhrk th /jrh esa lekb
vkt Hkh ;gk ds [ksrksa esa lSadM+ksa o"kZ iqjkuh vlk/kj.k bVsa izkIr
gksrh gSa A og bVsa dc vkSj D;ksa cukbZ xb \ ;g lc vfofnr gS ijUrq
[kqnkbZ djus ij dbZ LFkkuksa ls kphu ,sfrgkfld oLrq,a fudyrh gSa A
yxHkx ikp n'kd iwoZ ^dksjlkM+k* vkSj ^mM~Mk* xko esa [ksy gh [ksy esa
yM+dksa }kjk rhu cM+s kphu dq.M fudkys x, gSa A ^ukxtqZu* xko ds
[k.Mgjksa esa dbZ f'kofyax feysa gSa vkSj dbZ xkoksa esa fo'kky Lrj [k.Mksa
}kjk fufeZr ^o`gnkdkj FkiZ* feys gSa tks ml ;qx ds ^iapk;r jkt* dh
loksZke tkrU=kkRed 'kklu iz.kkyh ds ifjpk;d gSa A
60
r`rh;&Hkkx
Fke& iq"i
,sfrgkfld ?kVuk, gksrh gaS ijUrq vrr% budk mn~ns'; ekuo dY;k.k
ldrs gSa ijUrq mn~ns'; vrr% esy& tksy ,oa ^cU/qRo* dh Hkkouk dks
cktw esa nck dj pkjksa leqnzksa dh ifjek dh Fkh A vkidks fo'okl ugh
gksxk ysfdu ;g lR; gS fd ^ckfy* bruk rkdroj Fkk fd oks jkst
lqcg pkj leqnzksa dh ifjek dj lw;Z dks v?;Z nsrk Fkk A vR;kf/d
rkdroj gksus ds ckotwn tc ^jko.k* fdf"dU/k ds jktk ^ckfy* d
62
lkFk ;q djus x;k rks jktk ^ckfy* ds Hkou esa [ksy jgs cPpksa us gh mls
idMdj vLrcy esa ?kksMksa ds lkFk cka/ fn;k Fkk A
67
f}rh; iq"i
Lo;a gh Hkksxus gksaxs ;k mlesa dksbZ vkSj Hkh Hkkx ysxk A^^ejk ejk ejk------A
okYehfd ds eq[k ls jke fudy ugha ikrk Fkk ij mldh fu"Bk n`<+ Fkh A
os ti esa ,dklu ij yxs jgs A o"kks O;rhr gks x;s] 'kjhj nhedksa dh
feV~Vh esa fNi x;k A vUr esa czk us vkfn dfo gksus dk ojnku fn;k A
^oYehd* (nhed dh feV~Vh ds <+sj) ls fudyus ds dkj.k os ^okYehfd*
dgyk, A** dqN ?kfV;k ys[kd bfrgkl dh [kkst fd;s fcuk gh vkfn
dfo Hkxoku okYehfd th dks Mkdw ;k yqVsjk fy[k nsrs gSa A
ks- Hkqn;ky ^vfXugks=kh* ^^egf"kZ okYehfd ,d
os ^jke dFkk* ds .ksrk Fks A bu jkek;.kksa esa vU; rks fo'ks"k ckr
izfrf"Br ugha gks ikbZ fdUrq Hkk"kk dh ljyrk] HkkoukRed o.kZuksa dh
izpqjrk ,oa iUgoha&lksygoha 'krkCnh dh /kfeZd rFkk jktuhfrd
rqylh
69
nkl
th
ds
le;
esa
Hkh
vkfndfo egf"kZ okYehfd th dks Mkdw dgs tkus okyh dgkuh dks lPph
ugha ekurs A og fy[krs gSa %& ^^bl dgkuh esa tjk Hkh ,sfrgkfld
lPpkbZ ugha &,slk le>uk vuqfpr ugha gS A jke dh HkfDr c<+ tkus
ds i'pkr~ ;g dgkuh jke&uke dh cM+kbZ djus ds fy, bl <+ax ls ?kM+
yh xbZ gS A**
ls tksM+k x;k A mUgsa wj dekZ] yqVsjk dgk x;k vkSj deZ ls 'kwnz crk;k
x;k A ;g fuf'pr :i ls dgk tk ldrk gS fd okYehfd ds thou ls
tqM+h gqbZ ;g v;'kdj ijEijk dkQh ckn dh gS vkSj gekjs izkphu
xazFk&jkek;.k bl dks izekf.kr ugha djrs A**
djus esa ladksp djrs jgs rks ge jk"V ds izfr rFkk lewps ekuo lekt d
izfr vU;k; djsaxs A ;fn ge Hkkjr dks loZ ekU; jk"V cukuk pkgrs gSa r
gesa vius iwoZtksa ij yxk, x, vuqfpr]?k`.kkLin vkSj cscqfu;kn fo'ks"k.
gVkus gksaxs ,oa xzaFkksa esa ls f{kIr va'kksa dks fudky dj Lo.kZ ;qx d
l`tu djuk gksxk A
yqVsjk fy[k nsrs gSa A ,slh gh dgkuh ij vk/kfjr fQYe ^lar okYehfd*
cuh ftl ij ys[kd us lax:j dh dksVZ esa dsl fd;k ftldk laf{kIr
fooj.k bl izdkj gS %&
iatkc ,oa gfj;k.kk gkbZ dksVZ us dsl ua- 5419 vkQ 1990
}kjk vihy dh A bl ckj vfHkusrk ^lqjs'k vkscjkW;* gkbZdksVZ x, ijUrq
bl ckj Hkh mudh vihy fnukad 3&8&1992 dks j dj nh xbZ A
79
80
lc dqN c
z gh gS
*v}Sr %&Hkxoku okYehfd th vius xazFk ^;ksxokfl"B* esa
^cz* dh efgek ds lEcU/ esa bl izdkj fy[krs gSa %&^^euq"; ds
fy, vk;kfRed izxfr ds dbZ ekxZ gSa ftl dks tks ekxZ ilUn
vk;s ml ij gh pysa] dksbZ ck/k ugha gS fdUrq l`f"V ds leLr /eks
dk lkj ;g ^v}Sr* gh gS ftl dh izkfIr gks tkus ij ^Kkuh* dh
leLr okluk, mls m}sfYyr ugha dj ldrha A**
*c
z %&^cz* og gS ftlesa ls lEiw.kZ l`f"V vkSj vkRekvksa dh
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82
A**
* ^^u og izkIr gksus okyk gS] u vizkIr gS] u og lc
oLrqvksa esa jgus okyk] u og dksbZ fo'ks"k inkFkZ gS vkSj u
vinkFkZ] u og ikp Hkwr ro gS vkSj u ikp Hkwrksa dh vkRek
gS A**
* ^^izd`fr vFkok ek;k oLrqr% 'kwU; gS] fuR; rks dsoy vkRek
gS] ^}Sr* dh dksbZ lkk gh ugha A ^v}Sr* dh n`f"V ls lkjk txr~
O;kIr gS vU; cqf ls O;kIr ugha A**
* ^^cz ls ysdj isM+&ikS/ksa rd lkjk txr~ oSls gh vkRek ls
iw.kZ gS tSls vlhe lkxj ikrky rd ty ls Hkjk gqvk gS A**
* ^^vkdk'k esa ijek.kq ds gtkjosa Hkkx ds Hkhrj Hkh tks 'kq
fpUek=k lkk orZeku gS ogh fo'kq ijekFkZ lafor~ (Kku) gS A**
* ^^fdlh dh u rks dqN l`f"V gksrh gS] u fdlh le; dqN u"V
gksrk gS vkSj u dHkh dqN mRiUu gksrk gS] ;g tks n`'; fn[kkbZ ns
jgs gaS] og lc 'kkUr ^cz* :i gh fLFkr gS A**
* ^^og lc dqN gS] lc dh vkRek gS vSkj lc ls jfgr
Hkh
gS&og lc Hkwrksa dh vkRek gS] 'kwU; vkSj lr~ rFkk vlr~ nksuksa gh
gS A**
* ^^og u ok;q gS] u vkdk'k gS] u cqf vkfn gS A u og 'kwU;
gS] og dqN Hkh ugha rks Hkh lc dqN gS A**
* ^^u og lalkj dh ije ijkdk"Bk gS] og lc n`f"V;ksa dh
loksZke n`f"V gS A og lc efgykvksa dh efgek gS vkSj lc xq#vksa
dk xq# gS A**
* ^^og bruk cM+k gS fd ml ds vkxs lkjk txr~ Hkh ijek.kq ds
leku fn[kkbZ Hkh ugha iM+rk A**
* ^^og bruk lw{e gS fd mlds lkeus ^vkdk'k* ro Hkh
^v.kq* ds eqdkcys esa egkes: tSlk LFkwy ekywe iM+rk gS A og
140
* ^^izd`fr vFkok ek;k oLrqr% 'kwU; gS] fuR; rks dsoy vkRek gS A
^}Sr* vkSj czkU;rk dh dgha dksbZ lkk ugha gS A rjax dh dksbZ
lkk ugha dsoy leqnz gh lr~ gS A ijekReke;h ^v}Sr* 'kfDr gh
^}Sr* vkSj ^v}Sr* ds Hksn ls txr~ fuekZ.k dh yhyk djrh gqbZ
foLrkj dks izkIr gksrh gS A vr% ^;ksxokfl"B* dk n'kZu
^v}Sroknh* gS A**
& izks- nkeksnj ^>k* gksf'k;kjiqjh
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