n tp ROUTE CCNP

I- Distance Vector ,Link State v Advance Distance Vector:

- Distance Vector: gi nh k cc thng tin v cc route m
chng bit n cc router lng ging. Chnh iu ny gip
cc Router bit c s thay i trong h thng mng. Cc
router sau khi nhn c cc route t cc lng ging, chng
s so snh thng tin trong bng nh tuyn hin c vi thng
tin nhn c t cc router lng ging. Nu c thay i
chng s tin hnh cp nht.
RIP l giao thc i din cho dng giao thc ny.
- Link State: cc router s gi thng tin v trng thi ca cc
lin kt ca chng n ton b h thng mng m chng
ang gp mt trong ( mt min, mt khu vc). Chnh iu
ny s gip cc router hiu c ton b cc cu trc ca
mng. Mi khi trong mng c s thay i cc router s dng
thut ton tnh ton li, tm ra ng i tt nht. iu
ny gip cho giao thc nh tuyn link-state hot ng
chuyn su hn. V s khc bit quan trng nht so vi
Distance Vector l cc router s ch gi cp nht n cc
router lng ging ch khi no c s thay i trong mng.
OSPF v IS-IS l hai giao thc i din cho giao thc ny.
- Advance Distance Vector: Cisco mang n giao thc ci
tin cho Distance Vector l giao thc EIGRP. N mang theo
c hai c tnh tt nht ca c hai giao thc nh tuyn va k
trn.
o EIGRP khng gi nh k gi cp nht m ch gi khi
no trn h thng mng c s thay i.
II- Classfull v Classless:
- Classfull: khi router qung b s khng km theo subnet
mask v s qung b route dng major network. Giao thc
RIPv1 qung b theo kiu ny.
- Classless: khi router qung b s km theo subnet mask. Cc
giao thc: OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP, qung b theo kiu
ny.
III- Administrative Distance:
- Cc router cn mt cch xc nh c ng n lp
mng ch, nu nh c 2 giao thc nh tuyn c s dng
v c hai u qung b lp mng ch . V l do ny nn
Cisco to ra gi tr AD, ng vi mi giao thc nh tuyn
s c mt gi tr AD khc nhau. V u tin vic nh tuyn
vi nhng giao thc no c gi tr AD nh nht:










IV- EIGRP:
1) c tnh ca EIGRP:
- Hi t nhanh: EIGRP s dng thut ton DUAL nn tc
hi t rt nhanh. L do ti sao EIGRP li hi t nhanh: do
mi router bit c thng tin bng nh tuyn ca cc
router lng ging, bn cnh n cn xc nh c cc
tuyn ng chnh v ph cho mi ch n.
- Trigger update: nh ni EIGRP l giao thc ci tin ca
Distance vector nhng n mang nhng c tnh tt nht c
pha trn gia 2 giao thc Distance vector v Link state. Nn
v vic gi gi tin update EIGRP s khng thc hin theo c
trng ca Distance vector tc l khng gi gi tin cp nht
theo nh k, m s ch gi khi no c s thay i trong
mng, v ch nhng router lng ging no m b nh hng
bi s thay i th mi nhn c gi tin update va tit
kim bng thng m li rt hiu qu.
- VLSM: c h tr bi v EIGRP l mt giao thc nh
tuyn classless. iu ny ng ngha rng trong gi tin
update s bao gm c subnet mask.
- Load balancing: trn c equal v unequal cost, ch c
EIGRP mi c chc nng ny.
- Summarization: c th sum trn bt k im no trn mng.
2) Table:
- Neighbor Table: EIGRP pht hin neighbor bng cch c
cch 5 li gi gi tin Hello mt ln. Khi router nhn c
gi tin Hello vi s AS cng vi s AS m n c cu hnh,
n s thit lp adjency v cho bit cng giao din cng nh l
a ch IP m n ang kt ni trc tip vi Router lng ging.
- Topology Table: khi cc router thit lp lng ging vi
nhau chng s trao i thng tin nh tuyn cho nhau. Tt c
thng tin ny c chuyn n bng Topology, bng ny s
bao gm tt c cc ch n c qung b bi cc router
lng ging.
Trong bng topology c hai kiu trng thi m ta cn quan
tm: active v passive.
o Active: cc route trong bng nh tuyn m ang
trng thi active ngha rng n ang loay hoay trong
vic tm kim con ng tt nht n ch, iu ny
xy ra l do ng successor b down hoc l khng
c ng d phng.
Nu nh ng S ca router n lp mng ch m b t
th ngay lp tc ng FS s ln thay, hu nh khng xy
ra s tr hon no, chnh iu ny gip EIGRP tr thnh
mt trong nhng giao thc nh tuyn c tc hi t
nhanh nht.
Tuy nhin, nu nh router khng c sn mt con ng d
phng v khi ng chnh cht n s tin hnh gi n tt
c router lng ging ca n mt bn tin yu cu truy
vn v con ng mi n lp mng ch, cc router lng
ging cng s thc hin tng t cho n khi bit c
con ng mi phn hi v cho router bit, trong qu
trnh i phn hi, router s khng thc hin chuyn tip
gi tin chnh l mt nhc im ln ca EIGRP.
o Passive: trng thi ny ch c c khi no router
xc nh c mt ng S hoc c th l c thm mt
ng FS.
3) Cc bng tin trong EIGRP:
- Hello: gi tin Hello trong EIGRP c gi mc nh theo
nh k l 5s mt ln (i vi bng hp l 60s/ln), s dng
a ch Multicast 224.0.0.10 duy tr v tm kim cc quan
h lng ging. Gi tin Hello c truyn khng tin cy.
- Update: sau khi nhn c bn tin Hello t lng ging th
router s gi bn tin Update mang ton b thng tin nh
tuyn ca n v n bit c n router lng ging. V gi
tin update s ch c gi i ln na nu nh c xy ra s
thay i trn mng v s thay i ny c nh hng n
router lng ging. Gi tin Update c gi i di dng
truyn tin cy.
- ACK: gi tin ny c gi i phn hi xc nhn khi nhn
c cc gi tin update, query, reply.
- Query: c gi i tm kim con ng mi n lp
mng ch nu nh cc ng S v FS b down. Gi tin
Query c gi i di dng truyn tin cy.
- Reply: c dng khi mt router mun phn hi li bn tin
Query nhn c t lng ging. Gi tin Reply c gi i
di dng truyn tin cy.
4) Metric:
- EIGRP s dng mt b cc gi tr K lm nn tng tnh Metric :
K1 K2 K3 K4 K5
Bandwidth Loading Delay Reliability
Gi tr
mc
nh
1 0 1 0 0

- S l khng chnh xc khi ni rng EIGRP cng c th s dng
MTU nh nht trong cc con ng. Thc t th MTU c bao
gm trong cc bng nh tuyn EIGRP nhng khng thc s c
s dng trong cc s liu tnh ton.
- Cng thc tng qut :
Metric = [K1*Bandwidth + (K2*Bandwidth)/(256 - Load) +
K3*delay]*[K5-(Reliability+ K4)]
nu ly gi tr mc nh th:
Metric = K1*Bandwidth + K3*delay
Metric =(

)*256
- Nhn vo cng thc tnh Metric c th thy c gi tr ca Metric
ph thuc vo BW v Delay, nhng thng thng iu chnh
Metric ngi ta thng tc ng vo tham s BW hn l Delay.
- Ta c th thay i gi tr mt BW bng cu lnh. Tuy nhin khng
lm thay i gi tr BW tht trn ng truyn vt l.
Lu , n v chun tnh BW l Kbps.
- Delay cng l mt con s mang tnh tnh , n v l microsecond .
Khi c mang trong cc update EIGRP , delay l mt con s di 3
octet c n v l 10 (s).