Bitumen Stabilization Effect On Soil

Soil Stabilization (2011-MS-CEG-18) (GROUP#02)
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF LIME STABILISED SOIL SAMPLES TESTED FOR UCS (28
DAYS):
Description LIME CONTENT(28 DAYS)(SAMPLE C)
4% 5% 6%
Cane # 93 83 76
Wt of Cane (g) 16.43 15.09 14.03
Wt of Soil + Cane (g) 31.35 32.23 37.10
Dry Wt of Soil + Cane (g) 30.06 30.74 35.19
Moisture Content 9.46% 9.52% 9.03%

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0.0000 0.0010 0.0020 0.0030 0.0040
S
T
R
E
S
S

(
K
P
A
)
STRAIN
28 DAYS STRENGTH WITH 4% LIME
LIME Unconfined Shear
Content Compressive
Strength
strength
q
u
(KPa) S
u
(KPa)
4% 794.1 397.0
5% 1948.0 974.1
6% 2449.9 1224.9

DETERMINATION OF WET AND DRY DENSITIES OF LIME STABILISED SOIL SAMPLES TESTED FOR UCS (28
DAYS):

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
q
u

(
K
P
a
)
LIME content %
UNCONFINED COMPRESIVE STRENGTH COMPARISION B/W LIME AFTER 28 DAYS & LIME
STABILIZED SOIL AFTER 21 DAYS
Lime Stabilized 28 days
Lime Stabilized 21 days
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 2 4 6 8
q
u

(
K
P
a
)
LIME content %
UNCONFINED COMPRESIVE STRENGTH COMPARISION B/W LIME AFTER 7,21,28 DAYS
Lime 28 days
Lime Stabilized 21 DAYS
Lime 7 days
DESCRIPTION SAMPLE C (28DAYS)
Cement Content 4% 5% 6%
water content % 9.46 9.52 9.03
Wet density (KN/m
3
) 20.56 19.84 22.36
Dry density (KN/m
3
) 18.78 18.12 20.51

COMMENTS
Strength increase from 4 to 6 % lime content respectively at 28 days.
Strength of lime after 28 days slightly higher values than strength at 21 days.
Strength tremendously increases from 7 to 21 days but slightly increase from 21 to 28 days.
While comparing 28 days lime stabilized sample with cement stabilized sample at 14 days we come
to know that 28 days lime stabilized sample strength is marginally higher but it is very much lesser
than cement stabilized sample at 35 days.
So cement would give higher strength at 28 days than lime stabilization.
Gain in strength continuous with age. Gain in strength is more obvious from 7 to 21 days.

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
q
u

(
K
P
a
)
age (days)
UNCONFINED COMPRESIVE STRENGTH COMPARISION B/W LIME AFTER 7,21,28 DAYS
4 % lime
5%
6%

PREPARATION OF BITUMEN STABLISED SAMPLES
We prepared three samples each of bitumen stabilization having 60-grade bitumen content,
o 4%
o 5%
o 6%

Total Weight of the sample used for bitumen stabilization = 2100gm

Preparation of cement stabilized samples for testing at 4%, 5% & 6% 60-grade bitumen Content.

1 DESCRIPTION Sample - 1 Sample - 2 Sample - 3
2 Wt of Soil (g) 700 700 700
3 BITUMEN % added to Sample 4% 5% 6%
4 Wt of BITUMEN (gm) 28 35 42
5 TOTAL Wt of Soil + Bitumen (gm) 728 735 742

Observations:
Our sample is CL-ML Silty Clay with major portion of clay so wasnt being prepared with the 60
grade bitumen at 4%, 5%, 6%.
So cutback bitumen being used to prepare bitumen stabilized samples
SAMPLE PREPRATION BY USING CUTBACK BITUMEN

We prepared three samples each of BITUMEN stabilization having CUTBACKS content,
o 4%
o 5%
o 6%

Total Weight of the sample used for BITUMEN stabilization = 2100gm


Preparation of cement stabilized samples for testing at 4%, 5% & 6% cutbacks bitumen content.

1 DESCRIPTION Sample - 1 Sample - 2 Sample - 3
2 Wt of Soil (g) 700 700 700
3 BITUMEN % added to Sample 4% 5% 6%
4 Wt of BITUMEN (gm) 28 35 42
5 TOTAL Wt of Soil + Bitumen (gm) 728 735 742

SAMPLE DIMENSIONS:

Diameter of Sample 1.5inch 3.81cm 0.0381m
Height of Sample 3 inch 7.62cm 0.0762m
Area of Sample 1.77in
2
11.40cm
2
0.001140m
2

Volume of Sample 5.30in
3
86.89cm
3
0.000086m
3

WEIGHT OF Bitumen STABILISED SAMPLES:

Bitumen Content 4% 5% 6%
Sample - A 179.54 176.10 174.89
Sample - B 178.10 177.25 178.86
Sample - C 181.03 179.83 176.82

EFFECT OF STRENGTH BY ADDITION OF 4% CUT-BACK BITUMEN CONTENT INTO THE SOIL

OBSERVATIONS & CALCULATIONS:

SOIL TYPE = CL-ML Silty Clay
DIA OF SAMPLE = 1.5 inch
HEIGHT OF SAMPLE = L
0
= 3 inch
AREA = A
o
= 1.767 in
2
= 0.001140 m
2

LOAD DIAL LEAST COUNT =LC = 3 lbs/div
LEAST COUNT OF DEFLECTION DIAL= L.C = 0.0001inch = 0.00254mm
L/D=3/1.5=2

Sample
No.
Def
D/R
Axial
Load
D/R
Def L
=
L.CD/R
Def L
=
L.CD/R
Strain
a
L /
L
o

Area
C.F 1-

Corrected
Area A =
A
o
/1-
Axial
Load
D/R3
Axial
Load P
Axial
Stress
a
=
P/A
mm m m/m m
2
lbs Newton kPa
1 0 0 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 1.000 0.00114000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Sample#01
With 4%
Bitumen
Content
10 4 0.025 0.00003 0.00033 1.000 0.00114038 12.000 53.376 46.805
20 8 0.051 0.00005 0.00067 0.999 0.00114076 24.000 106.752 93.580
30 15 0.076 0.00008 0.00100 0.999 0.00114114 45.000 200.160 175.403
40 18 0.102 0.00010 0.00133 0.999 0.00114152 54.000 240.192 210.414
50 17 0.127 0.00013 0.00167 0.998 0.00114190 51.000 226.848 198.658
0.000 0.00000 0.00000 1.000 0.00114000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 0 0 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 1.000 0.00114000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Sample#02
With 4%
Bitumen
Content
10 6 0.025 0.00003 0.00033 1.000 0.00114038 18.000 80.064 70.208
20 12 0.051 0.00005 0.00067 0.999 0.00114076 36.000 160.128 140.370
30 10 0.076 0.00008 0.00100 0.999 0.00114114 30.000 133.440 116.936
0.000 0.00000 0.00000 1.000 0.00114000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 0 0 0.000 0.00000 0.00000 1.000 0.00114000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Sample#03
with 4%
Bitumen
Content
10 4 0.025 0.00003 0.00033 1.000 0.00114038 12.000 53.376 46.805
20 8 0.051 0.00005 0.00067 0.999 0.00114076 24.000 106.752 93.580
30 12 0.076 0.00008 0.00100 0.999 0.00114114 36.000 160.128 140.323
40 16 0.102 0.00010 0.00133 0.999 0.00114152 48.000 213.504 187.034
50 14 0.127 0.00013 0.00167 0.998 0.00114190 42.000 186.816 163.601
0.000 0.00000 0.00000 1.000 0.00114000 0.000 0.000 0.000


RESULTS COMPARISON

CEMENT STABILIZATION

0
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400
500
600
0 1 2 3 4
q
u

(
K
P
a
)
GROUP NO
7 DAYS UN-STABILIZED SAMPLES STRENGTH
COMPERSION
CL-ML
CL-ML
SM
ML
0
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2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
7 DAYS CEMENT STABILIZED SAMPLES
COMPERSION
7 days cement stablized CL-ML samples (G#2) 7 days cement stablized CL-ML samples (G#1)
7 days cement stablized SM samples (G#3) 7days cement stabilized sample ML (G#4)
CL-ML
CL-ML
SM
ML

0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 CEMENT STABILIZED SAMPLES COMPERSION
14 days cement stablized CL-ML samples (G#2)
14 days cement stablized SM samples (G#3)
14days cement stabilized sample ML (G#4)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
35 DAYS CEMENT STABILIZED SAMPLES
COMPERSION
35 days cement stablized SM samples (G#3)

COMMENTS

Strength of cement stabilized soil is increasing with the age in all given types of soil
Strength is increasing with increase in cement content with all given types of soil
Phenomenal increases in strength occur in all type of soil with cement stabilization.
Cement stabilization of CL-ML type of soil giving higher strength than SM even at low cement content.
Phenomenal increase in strength occur in ML while using higher cement content
CL-ML of group 1 giving higher strength even at low cement content because of higher strength while
unstebilized.

0
2000
4000
6000
8000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
CEMENT STABILIZED SAMPLES COMPERSION
7 days cement stablized SM samples (G#3) 14 days cement stablized SM samples (G#3)
35 days cement stablized SM samples (G#3) 7 days cement stablized CL-ML samples (G#2)
28 days cement stablized CL-ML samples (G#1) 7 days cement stablized SM samples (G#3)
14 days cement stablized SM samples (G#3) 35 days cement stablized SM samples (G#3)
35days cement stabilized sample ML (G#4) 7days cement stabilized sample ML (G#4)

LIME STABILIZATION

0
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2500
3000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
7 DAYS LIME STABILIZED SAMPLES COMPERSION
7 days lime stablized SM samples (G#3) 7 days lime stablized CL-ML samples (G#2)
7 days lime stablized CL-ML samples (G#1) 7 days lime stabilized sample ML (G#4)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
21 days lime stablized CL-ML samples (G#2) 14 days lime stablized CL-ML samples (G#1)
7 days lime stablized SM samples (G#3) 21 days lime stablized SM samples (G#3)
7 days lime stablized SM samples (G#3) 14days lime stabilized sample ML (G#4)

COMMENTS

Strength is increasing with increase in Lime content upto 8% after that strength is not increasing.
increase in strength occur in all type of soil with Lime stabilization.
Lime stabilization not much effective in soil with less clay content as with SM in our case.
Phenomenal increase in strength occur in CL-ML. Strength is increasing with increase in lime content.
CL-ML of group 1 than group 2 giving higher strength even at low lime content because of higher strength while
unsterilized.

0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
26 days lime stablized CL-ML samples (G#1) 28 days lime stablized SM samples (G#3)
35days Lime stabilized sample ML (G#4)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
LIME STABILIZED SAMPLES COMPERSION
26 days lime stablized CL-ML samples (G#1) 7 days lime stablized SM samples (G#3)
14days lime stabilized sample ML (G#4) 7days lime stabilized sample ML (G#4)
35days lime stabilized sample ML (G#4)

BITUMEN STABILIZATION

Comments

Strength is increasing with increase in bitumen cont in CL-ML
While decreasing in SM soil.
Group 1with CL-ML unable to made the sample because of very low bitumen content.

0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 2 4 6 8 10
BITUMEN STABILIZED SAMPLES
COMPERSION
Bitumen stabilized CL-ML (G#2)
Bitumen stabilized SM Sample (G#3)

Bitumen Stabilization Effect On Soil

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Bitumen Stabilization Effect On Soil

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Soil Stabilization (2011-MS-CEG-18) (GROUP#02)

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