[]

200
[30]

[]
[31]
[32]
Georgium Sidus[33]
[29]

[]

[34] Uranus

[30][35][36]
HM 1850 Uranus [35]

 Uranus /jrns/ (rns)[37]

/jrens/
a (rns)[38]
Uranus
1789 Uranium[39]

[40]

1784

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[34] Uranus
[41][42]

[]

84 30
1/400[43] 1783 [26]
1841
1845 1846 9 23
[44]
17 14
2/3
720 / 14 [45]

[]
97.77


42
42 [46]
2007 12 7 [47]

1902 , 1986

1923 , 2007

1944 , 2028

1965 , 2049

[48]

1986 2

[49][50]
[51]

1986

[]
1995 2006 5.6 5.9 6.0 [8]
3.4 3.7 16 20 32 45 [8]

[6]

15 25

25
[52]

[]
83%
15%

[]

14.5 1.29 /
[7] 4 [4]
[9]
9.3 13.5 [9][53]
0.5 1.5 [9] 0.5 3.7 [9]
/
[9][54] 0.55 20%
13.4 20%
0.5 [9][54] 9 / 8
5,000K [53][54]
[9][54] -[55]

[53]
[9]
1 25,5594 24,97320
[4]
[]
[17][56]

 2.61 [17]
1.060.08 [10][57]
0.0420.047 / 2 0.075 / 2[57]
49K[10][57]

[9] [10][57]

[]

[10] 1 (100 ) 300

100 ( 10 ) 320K [58] 1
[59] -300 50 100
0.1 ( 10 10 ) 50 4000 0.1
1010 ( 10 10 )/ 4000 50,000 [10]

[]
[10]
0.150.03[13] 0.260.05 [10][57]
0.2750.01 [60] [10]
(CH4)[10]
[10] 1.3 ( 130 )
2.3% 20 30 [10][12][61] [62]
[63]
[10][64]

[65]

(C2H6), (C2H2), (CH3C2H), (C2HC2H)[63][66][67]

[66][67][68]

[]

[10]
320K300 53K 50 [58][61] 49 57K
[10][56]
59.10.3K[56][57]
50 100 (5 10 )
20 40 (2 4 ) 3 10 (0.3 1 )
1 2 (0.1 0.2 )[10][12][58][69]
[17]
[]
53K 800
850K[59]
[63][65] [70][71]
100 280 10 0.1 (1000 10 ) 75K 170K
[63]

107

[63][66][68]
[66] 7109[67] ( 10 )
[65]
[63][70]
800 850K[10][70]


0.1 [59][70]

50,000 [59][70]
[70]

[59]

[61] 2,000 10,000 [61]

[70][72]
[73]
[70][74]

[]

[75]
[16] 13

[75][76]
1789

[77][78]
1977 3 10 L.W.J.
SAO 158687

[79] [79] 2
1986 [16] 2
11 [16]
2005 12
13
[80] 2006 4
[81][82]

[81][83] [81]

[]

2 1986

2 1986
[84]

59[84][85] [84]
0.1

 1.1 [84] 0.23 [84]

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[85]

[55][86]
23
18 [84][85][87]
[84][85]
[84][88]
H2+[85][87]
[87] 4 1.2 [87]
100 2 3[89]
[87] 100,000
[87]
[76]
[70]

[74]

[]

[17] 2 1986 10
[16][90]

49 K
[10][57]

[]

""

1986 2
[16] 454550
[16][91] ""
1.3 2 [92] 2
21
""[91]
""[91] 2
10 ""[16] 1986

1990 [17]
[17]
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[93][94]
[94]

[94]

[17][90]
[17] 2006
2006 [95]
[96]

 2006

[17]
100 50 /[17][91]
20[17][56]
60
0[17] 40 150 200 /""
[17] +50 240 /
[17][91][97]

[]

2005 ""

2004 3 5
[94][98] 229 /824 /"7 4 "
[90] 2006 8 23
[95]

[47][96]
84
1950
[99] 1960
[100] 1970
1986 [71] [93]

[96] 1944
[99]
[96]
[96] 1990
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[92] [90]
[94]
[96]

[92] 45""[92]
[92]
[101]
[90][101]

[]

[102][103]

[102][103]
[102][103]

[102][103][104]

[102]
[103]

[]


27 [104] [54][105]

[54] () 1787
3 13 1851 1852
1948

[7]

788.9

0.2 0.35[16]
50% 50%[76][106]
[16][76]
20
[16]

( 3:1 )[107]
[108][109] 4:1
[110]

[]

1986 NASA 2
2 1977 1986 1
24 81,500 2
10 97.77
[16][111]
[84]
[16][76]

[]