Contoh Perhitungan Preliminary Sizing

1
a. Alternatif I (ASP)
CONTOH PERHITUNGAN PRELIMINARY SIZING:

1 Debit air buangan (Qave) = 120 l/det 10368000 L/hr
2 Q peak = 360 l/det
3 Qmaks = 310 l/det
4 Qmin = 230 l/det
5 Konsentrasi BOD rata-rata = 250 mg/l
6 Beban BOD rata-rata = Q ave * BOD rata-rata = 2592 kg/hari
7 Beban BOD maksimum = Q max * BOD rata-
rata
= 7776 kg/hari
8 Konsentrasi SS rata-rata = 300 mg/l
9 Beban SS rata-rata = Q ave * SS rata-rata = 3110 kg/hari
10 Beban SS maksimum = Q max * SS rata-rata = 9331 kg/hari

Perhi tungan di mensi :
I. SUMUR PENGUMPUL DAN
POMPA

1 Jumlah = 1 buah
2 Debit rencana = Q peak = 360 l/det = 0,360 m
3
/det
3 Waktu detensi (td) = 5 menit (< 10 menit)
4 Volume sumur (Vol) = Q peak * td = 93,00 108,00 m
3

5 Rencanakan kedalaman = 4 m
6 Assumsi Panjang : Lebar = 2
7 Lebar sumur = SQRT(Volume/ h / 2) = 3,41 3,67 m 4
8 Panjang sumur = Lebar * 2 = 6,82 7,34 m 8

9 Check td = Pjg * Lbr * h / Q peak = 5 menit OK 5,92
10 Lahan utk sumur
pengumpul
= Pjg * Lbr * Jml bak = 23,25 32 m
2

II. BAR SCREEN
(Type hand cleaned)
1 Kecepatan aliran = 0,5 m/det (antara 0,3 - 0,6 m/det)
3
/det
3 A-cross saluran = Q peak / kecepatan = 0,72 m
2

4 Assumsi Tinggi : Lebar = 2,5
5 Lebar saluran = SQRT(A cross/2,5) = 0,5 0,54 m
6 Tinggi saluran = 2,5 * Lebar = 1,25 m

7 Check V = Q peak / (lebar *
tinggi)
= 0,6 m/det OK
8 Rencanakan panjang
saluran
= 3,0 m
9 Luas lahan yang diperlukan = Panjang * lebar = 1,49 1,5 m
2

III. GRIT CHAMBER (GC)
1 Jumlah GC = 2 bak
2 Debit rencana = Q peak = 360 l/det = 0,360 m3/det t
3 Debit masing-masing bak = Qpeak / Jml GC = 0,180 m
3
/det
4 Partikel terkecil yg
diendapkan
= 65 mesh = 0,2 mm
Comment [A1]: Hasil jika memakai
Qmaks
Comment [A2]: akar
2

5 Waktu detensi = 60 detik (45 - 90) detik
6 Kecepatan pengendapan,
Vs
= 1,15 m/min (1,0 - 1,3) m/min
7 Kedalaman pengendapan,
h
= Vs * td = 1,2 1,15 m
8 Kecepatan horizontal, Vh = 0,3 m/det
(0,25 - 0,4)
m/det
9 A-cross bak = Q tiap bak / Vh = 0,60 m
2

10 Lebar bak = A cross / h = 0,5 0,52 m
11 Check Vh = Q tiap bak / (h *
lebar)
= 0,3 m/det OK

12 A-surface = Q tiap bak / Vs = 8,09 9,39 m
2

13 Panjang bak = A surface / lebar = 18 18,05 m
14 Check Vs = Q tiap bak / (pjg * lbr) = 1,2 1,15 m/min OK
15 Lahan yg diperlukan GC
total
= Pjg * Lbr * Jml bak = 16,17 18 m
2

IV. BAK PENGENDAP I
1 Jumlah BP I = 2 bak
3
/det
3 Debit masing-masing bak = Q peak / jml bak = 0,18 m
3
/det
4 Waktu detensi = 2 jam (1,5 2,5) jam
5 Overflow Rates (OFR) = 2500 gal/sqft.d (2000-3000)
= 101,75 m
3
/m
2
.hari (80-120) typical 100
6 Volume tiap Bak = Q tiap bak * td = 1116,00 1296 m
3

7 Asurface = Q tiap bak / OFR = 131,62 152,85 m
2

8 Dimensi bak:
Bila BP I Persegipanjang
a. Tinggi BP I = Volume / A surface = 8,48 m
b. Panjang : Lebar = 2
c. Lebar BP I = SQRT (A surface / 2) = 8,11 m
d. Panjang BP I = 2 * lebar BP I = 16,22 m
Bila BP I Lingkaran
a. Tinggi BP I (ditetapkan) = 4,00 m (3 - 4,5) m
b. Diameter BP I = SQRT(4*A
surface/3,14)
= 9,16 m (12-25)m
c. Volume BP I (lingkaran) =
0,25*3,14*(D^2)*tinggi
= 263,23 m
3

d. Check td = Volume / Q tiap bak = 0,47 jam not OK
Maka digunakan sistem BP I yang persegi panjang.

9 Check OFR =
Q bak/(l*p)*86400/0,0407
= 2500
gal/sqft.d
OK

Comment [A3]: pake Qmaks
3

V. ACTIVATED SLUDGE
(AS)

1 Jumlah AS = 2 bak
2 Debit rencana (Qmaks) = Q maks = 310 l/det = 0,310 m
3
/det
3 Debit masing-masing bak = Q maks / jml bak = 0,155 m
3
/det
Kedalaman, h = 4 m
Mean cell retention time,
0c
= 10 hari
Y = 0,5 kg VSS/kg
BOD5

kd = 0,05 l/hr
MLSS, X = 2000 mg/l 2,00 kg/m3
Rasio p/L = 1
BOD in = 142,5 mg/l
BOD eff = 14,25 mg/l
Volume tiap bak = 3324,24 m
3

Luas lahan tiap AS = 831,06 m
2

A = L
2

L = 28,8 m
P = 28,8 m
Luas lahan total untuk tiap
AS
= 1662,1 m
2

VI. BAK PENGENDAP II
1 Jumlah BP II = 2 bak
2 Debit rencana = Q maks = 310 l/det = 0,310 m
3
3
/det
Debit masing-masing bak = Q maks / jml bak = 0,155 m
3
/det
4 Waktu detensi = 1,5 jam (1,5 - 2) jam
= 44,77 m3/m2.hari
6 Asurface = Q tiap bak / OFR = 347,38 m
2

7 Dimensi bak:
-Diameter clarifier = =SQRT(4*A
surface/3,14)
= 21,04 m
8 Qeffluent = Q-((SSm/jml bak)*0,45*0,9/0,008/1005/86400)
= 0,1773 m
3
/det
9 Luas lahan yang diperlukan = Jml bak * A surface = 694,75 m
2

VII. DESINFEKSI
Sistem terjunan
1 Waktu kontak = 20 menit (15 - 45) menit
2 Ketinggian total = 3 m
3 Perbandingan
panjang:lebar
= 2
4 Debit rencana = Q effluent = 0,1773 m
3
/det
5 Volume = Q * td = 212,74 m
3

6 Luas Permukaan
(Asurface)
= Volume / ketinggian = 70,91 m
2

7 Lebar bak = SQRT(A surface / 2) = 5,95 m
8 Panjang bak = 2 * lebar = 11,91 m

4

9 Check td = pjg*lbr*tinggi/Q = 20 menit OK
10 Luas lahan yang diperlukan = pjg*lbr*jml bak = 141,82 m
2

VIII. SLUDGE THICKENER
Gravity Thickener (lumpur BP I & II)
1 Solid loading (SL) = 60 kg/m2.hari (25-80)
2 Jumlah bak yang
diperlukan
= 2 bak
3 Massa lumpur BP I = 0,55 * beban SS maks = 5132,16 kg/hari
4 Massa lumpur BP II = (0,45*SSm*0,9)+(0,45*BODm*0,9)
= 7278,34 kg/hari
5 Massa lumpur total (M tot) = Massa BP I + BP II = 12410,50 kg/hari
6 Q lumpur BP I = Massa BP I / 0,06
/1030
= 83,04 m3/hari
7 Q lumpur BP II = Massa BP
II/0,008/1005
= 905,27 m3/hari
8 Q lumpur total = Q lumpur BP I + BP II = 988,31 m3/hari
9 A surface = M tot / SL / jml bak = 103,42 m
2

10 Diameter = SQRT(4*A
surface/3,14)
= 11,48 m
2

IX AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTER
(ASD)

1 Solid loading = 4 kg/m2.hari (1,6 - 4,8)
2 Jumlah bak yang
diperlukan
= 2 bak
= 7278,34 kg/hari
/1030
= 62,28 m3/hari
II/0,008/1005
= 905,27 m3/hari
9 Temperatur = 25 o
10 HRT (8c) = 500 / temperatur = 20 hari (15 - 20)
11 Volume digester = Q lumpur total * HRC = 19350,98 m
3

12 Kedalaman rencana (h) = 10 m
13 A surface = Volume digester / h = 1935,10 m
2

surface/3,14)
= 49,65 m
2

5

X SLUDGE DRYING BED
(SDB)

1 Qlumpur = (0,5*Q BP I)+(0,1*Q
BP II)
= 132,05 m3/hari
2 Kadar air pd sludge cake
(awal)
= 96 %
(akhir)
= 75 %
5 Volume cake kering (V ck) = Q lumpur*(1-
96%)/(1-75%)
= 21,13 m3/hari
6 Dimensi Bed:
- Rencana jumlah bed = 20 bed
- Renc. waktu pengeringan
(tk)
= 10 hari
- Rencana tebal cake (tbl) = 0,3 m
- Luas permukaan bed = Qlump * tk / jml bed /
tbl
= 220,08 m
2

- Lebar bed = 10 m
- Panjang bed = Luas perm / lebar bed = 22 m

7 Luas lahan yang diperlukan = (pjg * lbr * jml) bed = 4402 m
2

XI LUAS LAHAN YANG
DIPERLUKAN

1 Sumur pengumpul = 23,25 m
2

2 Bar screen = 1,49 m
2

3 Grit Chamber = 16,17 m
2

4 Bak Pengendap I = 263,23 m
2

5 Activated Sludge = 1662,12 m
2

6 Bak Pengendap II = 694,75 m
2

7 Desinfeksi = 141,82 m
2

8 Sludge Thickener = 206,84 m
2

9 Aerobic Sludge Digester
(ASD)
= 3870,2
0
m
2

10 Sludge Drying Bed (SDB) = 4402 m
2

Luas lahan total = 11281,
51
m2, atau
= 1,13 Ha

6

b. Alternatif II (TF)

1 Debit air buangan = 120 l/det
3 Qmaks = 310 l/det
4 Qmin = 230 l/det
7 Beban BOD maksimum = Q max * BOD rata-rata = 7776 kg/hari

I. SUMUR PENGUMPUL DAN POMPA
1 Jumlah = 1 buah
3
3
/det
Waktu detensi (td) = 5 menit (< 10 menit)
4 Volume sumur (Vol) = Q peak*td = 93,00 m
3

7 Lebar sumur = SQRT(Q peak/h/2) = 2,78 m
8 Panjang sumur = Lebar / 2 = 5,57 m
9 Check td = Pjg * Lbr * h / Q peak = 5 menit OK
10 Luas lahan untuk sumur
pengumpul
= Pjg * Lbr * Jml bak = 15,50 m
2

II. BAR SCREEN
(Type hand cleaned)
2 Debit rencana = 360 l/det = 0,360 m
3
/det
3 A-cross saluran = Q peak / kecepatan = 0,62 m
2

5 Lebar saluran = SQRT(A cross/2,5) = 0,5 m
7 Check V = Q peak / (lebar *
tinggi)
= 0,5 m/det OK
8 Rencanakan panjang saluran = 3,0 m
9 Luas lahan yang diperlukan = Panjang * lebar = 1,49 m
2

1 Jumlah GC = 2 bak
3
/det
3 Debit masing-masing bak = Qpeak / Jml GC = 0,155 m
3
/det
4 Partikel terkecil yang
diendapkan
= 65 mesh = 0,2 mm
6 Kecepatan pengendapan, Vs = 1,15 m/min (1,0 - 1,3) m/min
7 Kedalaman pengendapan, h = Vs * td = 1,2 m
8 Kecepatan horizontal, Vh = 0,3 m/det (0,25 - 0,4)m/det
9 A-cross bak = Q tiap bak / Vh = 0,52 m
2

10 Lebar bak = A cross / h = 0,45 m
11 Check Vh = Q tiap bak / (h * lebar) = 0,3 m/det OK
7

12 A-surface = Q tiap bak / Vs = 8,09 m
2

13 Panjang bak = A surface / lebar = 18 M
14 Check Vs = Q tiap bak / (pjg * lbr) = 1,2 m/min OK
15 Luas lahan yg diperlukan GC
total
= Pjg * Lbr * Jml bak = 16,17 m
2

IV. BAK PENGENDAP I
3
3
/det
Debit masing-masing bak = Q peak / jml bak = 0,180 m
3
/det
4 Waktu detensi = 2 jam (1,5 - 2,5) jam
= 101,75 m3/m2.ha
ri

6 Volume tiap Bak = Q tiap bak * td = 1116,00 m
3

2

8 Dimensi bak:
Bila BP I Lingkaran
b. Diameter BP I = SQRT(4*A
surface/3,14)
= 9,16 m (12-25)m
c. Volume BP I (lingkaran) = 0,25*3,14*(D^2)*tingg
i
= 263,23 m
3

d. Check td = Volume ./ Q tiap bak = 0,47 jam not OK
9 Check OFR = Q
bak/(l*p)*86400/0,04
07
= 2500 gal/sqft.
d
OK
10 Lahan utk BP I
(Persegipanjang)
= Lbr * pjg * jml bak = 263,23 m
2

V. TRICKLING FILTER (TF)
1 Jumlah TF = 2 bak
2 Debit rencana (Qmaks) = 310 l/det = 0,310 m
3
/det
3 Debit masing-masing bak = 0,155 m
3
/det
Kedalaman, h = 2 m
Rasio resirkulasi = 1
Efisiensi pengendapan = 0,9
BOD in = 142,5 mg/l
BOD eff = 14,25 mg/l
SS in = 108 mg/lt
BOD loading (W) = 10335,79 lb/hari
Jmh lewatan org material (F) = 1,65
Volume tiap bak = 9,164791 acre-ft
A surface tiap bak = 575,95 m
2

Diameter ( D ) tiap bak = 27,09 m
Luas lahan total untuk TF = 1151,89 m
2

8

3
/det
3 Debit masing-masing bak = Q maks / jml bak = 0,155 m
3
/det
= 44,77 m3/m2.ha
ri

2

7 Dimensi bak:
-Diameter clarifier = SQRT(4*A
surface/3,14)
= 21,04 m
= 0,1773 m3/det
2

VII. DESINFEKSI
Sistem terjunan
3 Perbandingan panjang:lebar = 2
4 Debit rencana = Q effluent = 0,1773 m
3
/det
5 Volume = Q * td = 212,74 m
3

6 Luas Permukaan (Asurface) = Volume / ketinggian = 70,91 m
2

10 Luas lahan yang diperlukan = pjg*lbr*jml bak = 141,82 m
2

VIII. SLUDGE THICKENER
Gravity Thickener (lumpur BP I
& II)

1 Solid loading (SL) = 60 kg/m2.hr (25-80)
2 Jumlah bak yang diperlukan = 2 bak
= 7278,34 kg/hari
/1030
= 83,04 m3/hari
II/0,008/1005
= 905,27 m3/hari
9 A surface = M tot / SL / jml bak = 103,42 m
2

surface/3,14)
= 11,48 m
2

IX AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTER (ASD)
1 Solid loading = 4 kg/m2.har
i
(1,6 - 4,8)
2 Jumlah bak yang diperlukan = 2 bak
9

= 7278,34 kg/hari
/1030
= 62,28 m3/hari
II/0,008/1005
= 905,27 m3/hari
9 Temperatur = 25 o
11 Volume digester = Q lumpur total * HRC = 19350,98 m3
13 A surface = Volume digester / h = 1935,10 m
2

surface/3,14)
= 49,65 m
2

X SLUDGE DRYING BED
(SDB)

1 Qlumpur = (0,5*Q BPI)+(0,1*Q
BPII)
= 132,05 m3/hr
(awal)
= 96 %
(akhir)
= 75 %
5 Volume cake kering (V ck) = Q lump*(1-96%)/(1-
75%)
= 21,13 m3/hr
6 Dimensi Bed:
- Rencana waktu pengeringan
(tk)
= 10 hari
- Luas permukaan bed =
Qlump * tk / jml bed / tbl =
220,08 m
2
- Lebar bed = 10 m
7 Luas lahan yang diperlukan = (pjg * lbr * jml) bed = 4402 m
2

XI LUAS LAHAN YANG DIPERLUKAN
1 Sumur pengumpul = 15,50 m
2

2 Bar screen = 1,49 m
2

3 Grit Chamber = 16,17 m
2

4 Bak Pengendap I = 263,23 m
2

5 Trickling Filter = 1151,89 m
2

6 Bak Pengendap II = 694,75 m
2

7 Desinfeksi = 141,82 m
2

8 Sludge Thickener = 206,84 m
2

(ASD)
= 3870,20 m
2

10 Sludge Drying Bed (SDB) = 4402 m
2

Luas lahan total = 10763,54 m2, atau
= 1,08 Ha
10

c. Alternatif III (OD)

1 Debit air buangan = 120 l/det
3 Qmaks = 310 l/det
4 Qmin = 230 l/det
7 Beban BOD maksimum = Q max * BOD rata-rata = 7776 kg/hari

I. SUMUR PENGUMPUL DAN POMPA
1 Jumlah = 1 buah
2 Debit rencana = Q peak = 360 l/det = 0,360 m3/det
3 Waktu detensi (td) = 5 menit (< 10 menit)
4 Volume sumur (Vol) = Q peak*td = 93,00 m
3

7 Lebar sumur = SQRT(Q peak/h/2) = 2,78 m
8 Panjang sumur = Lebar * 2 = 5,57 m
9 Check td = Pjg * Lbr * h / Q peak = 5 menit OK
10 Lahan untuk sumur
pengumpul
= Pjg * Lbr * Jml bak = 15,50 m2

II. BAR SCREEN
(Type hand cleaned)
3 A-cross saluran = Q peak / kecepatan = 0,62 m2
5 Lebar saluran = SQRT(A cross/2,5) = 0,5 m
7 Check V = Q peak / (lebar * tinggi) = 0,5 m/det OK
8 Rencanakan panjang
saluran
= 3,0 m
9 Luas lahan yang diperlukan = Panjang * lebar = 1,49 m2

1 Jumlah GC = 2 bak
3 Debit masing-masing bak = Qpeak / Jml GC = 0,180 m3/det
4 Partikel terkecil yang
diendapkan
= 65 mesh = 0,2 mm
6 Kecepatan pengendapan, Vs = 1,15 m/min (1,0 - 1,3) m/min
7 Kedalaman pengendapan, h = Vs * td = 1,2 m
8 Kecepatan horizontal, Vh = 0,3 m/det (0,25 - 0,4) m/det
9 A-cross bak = Q tiap bak / Vh = 0,52 m2
10 Lebar bak = A cross / h = 0,45 m
11 Check Vh = Q tiap bak / (h * lebar) = 0,3 m/det OK
11

12 A-surface = Q tiap bak / Vs = 8,09 m2
13 Panjang bak = A surface / lebar = 18 m
14 Check Vs = Q tiap bak / (pjg * lbr) = 1,2 m/min OK
15 Lahan yang diperlukan GC
total
= Pjg * Lbr * Jml bak = 16,17 m2

IV. BAK PENGENDAP I
3 Debit masing-masing bak = Q peak / jml bak = 0,180 m3/det
4 Waktu detensi = 2 jam (1,5 - 2,5) jam
= 101,75 m3/m2.hari
6 Volume tiap Bak = Q tiap bak * td = 1116,00 m
3

7 Asurface = Q tiap bak / OFR = 131,62 m2
8 Dimensi bak:
Bila BP I Lingkaran
b. Diameter BP I = =SQRT(4*A surface/3,14) = 9,16 m (12-25)m
c. Volume BP I (lingkaran) = 0,25*3,14*(D^2)*tinggi = 263,23 m
3

d. Check td = Volume ./ Q tiap bak = 0,47 jam not OK

9 Check OFR = Q bak/(l*p)*86400/0,0407 = 2500 gal/sqft.d OK
10 Luas lahan utk BP I
(Persegi)
= Lbr * pjg * jml bak = 263,23 m2

V. Oxidation Ditches (OD)
1 Jumlah OD = 2 bak
2 Debit rencana (Qmaks) = Q maks = 310 l/det = 0,310 m3/det
3 Debit masing-masing bak = Q maks / jml bak = 0,155 m3/det
4 Waktu detensi = 20 jam (18 - 48) jam
5 Volumetric loading (OL) = 0,2 kgBOD/m
3
.h (0,1 - 0,6) kgBOD/m
3
6
.h
Beban organik per OD
(BODM)
= 0,6*b BOD max/jml OD = 2332,80 kgBOD/h
7 Volume reaktor = Q tiap bak * td = 12960 m
3

8 Check volumetric loading = BOD M * Vol reaktor = 0,18 OK
9 Volume reaktor = BOD M / OL = 11664 m
3

10 Check waktu detensi = Vol reaktor / Q tiap bak = 18 jam
11 Dimensi OD:
Bak OD berbentuk
trapesium

a. Kedalaman OD = 1,75 m
b. Lebar dasar OD (Ld) = 10 m
c. Lebar atas OD (La) = 15 m
d. Across OD = 0,5 * (Ld+La) * ked = 21,88 m2
d. Panjang OD (stretch-out) = Vol reaktor / A cross OD = 592,46 m
12 Luas lahan total untuk OD = La * pjg OD * jml OD = 17773,71 m2
12

2 Debit rencana (Qmaks) = Q maks = 310 l/det = 0,310 m3/det
3 Debit masing-masing bak = Q maks / jml bak = 0,155 m3/det
= 44,77 m3/m2.hari
6 Asurface = Q tiap bak / OFR = 347,38 m2
7 Dimensi bak:
-Diameter clarifier = =SQRT(4*A surface/3,14) = 21,04 m
= 0,1773 m3/det
9 Luas lahan yang diperlukan = Jml bak * A surface = 694,75 m2

VII. DESINFEKSI
Sistem terjunan
3 Perbandingan
panjang:lebar
= 2
4 Debit rencana = Q effluent = 0,1773 m3/det
5 Volume = Q * td = 212,74 m
3

6 Luas Permukaan (Asurface) = Volume / ketinggian = 70,91 m2
10 Luas lahan yang diperlukan = pjg*lbr*jml bak = 141,82 m2

VII
I.
SLUDGE THICKENER
Gravity Thickener (lumpur BP I & II)
1 Solid loading (SL) = 60 kg/m2.hari (25-80)
2 Jumlah bak yang
diperlukan
= 2 bak
= 7278,34 kg/hari
6 Q lumpur BP I = Massa BP I / 0,06 /1030 = 83,04 m3/hari
7 Q lumpur BP II = Massa BP II/0,008/1005 = 905,27 m3/hari
9 A surface = M tot / SL / jml bak = 103,42 m2
10 Diameter = SQRT(4*A surface/3,14) = 11,48 m

IX AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTER
(ASD)

1 Solid loading = 4 kg/m2.hari (1,6 - 4,8)
2 Jumlah bak yang
diperlukan
= 2 bak
13

= 7278,34 kg/hari
6 Q lumpur BP I = Massa BP I / 0,08 /1030 = 62,28 m3/hari
7 Q lumpur BP II = Massa BP II/0,008/1005 = 905,27 m3/hari
9 Temperatur = 25 o
11 Volume digester = Q lumpur total * HRC = 19350,98 m
3

13 A surface = Volume digester / h = 1935,10 m2
14 Diameter = SQRT(4*A surface/3,14) = 49,65 m

X SLUDGE DRYING BED
(SDB)

1 Qlumpur = (0,5*Q BP I)+(0,1*Q BP II) = 132,05 m3/hari
(awal)
= 96 %
(akhir)
= 75 %
4 Volume cake kering (V ck) = Q lumpur*(1-96%)/(1-75%) = 21,13 m3/hari
5 Dimensi Bed:
- Rencana waktu
pengeringan (tk)
= 10 hari
- Luas permukaan bed = Qlump * tk / jml bed / tbl = 220,08 m2
- Lebar bed = 10 m
6 Luas lahan yang diperlukan = (pjg * lbr * jml) bed = 4402 m2

XI. LUAS LAHAN YANG DIPERLUKAN
1 Sumur pengumpul = 15,50 m2
2 Bar screen = 1,49 m2
3 Grit Chamber = 16,17 m2
4 Bak Pengendap I = 263,23 m2
5 Oxidation Ditch = 17773,71 m2
6 Bak Pengendap II = 694,75 m2
7 Desinfeksi = 141,82 m2
8 Sludge Thickener = 206,84 m2
(ASD)
= 3870,20 m2
10 Sludge Drying Bed (SDB) = 4402 m2
Luas lahan total = 27385,36 m2, atau
= 2,74 Ha

14

CONTOH PERHITUNGAN PRELIMINARY DESIGN
(CASE: IPAL RUMAH SAKIT XYZ)
1. DESIGN PEROD
IPAL untuk RS XYZ direncanakan mulai beroperasi pada tahun 2010 selama
20 tahun.

2. KRITERIA DESAIN
Saluran Pembawa
Kecepatan = 0,3-0,9 m/det
Sudut kemiringan = 0,01 m/m

Bar Screen
Pembersihan manual (Sumber: Qasim, 1985)
Kecepatan melalui bar (v) = 0,3-0,6 m/det
Lebar bar (w) = 4,0-8,0 m
Kedalaman bar (D) = 25-50 mm
Jarak antar batang = 25-75 mm
Slope vertikal = 45
O
- 60
O
Headloss = 150 mm
Headloss max = 800 mm

Pembersihan mekanik (Sumber: Qasim, 1985)
Kecepatan melalui bar (v) = 0,6-1,0 m/det
Lebar bar (w) = 8,0-10,0 m
Kedalaman bar (D) = 50-75 mm
Jarak antar batang = 10-50 mm
Slope vertikal = 75
O
- 85
O
Headloss = 150 mm
Headloss max = 800 mm

Faktor bentuk bar ()
Tipe bar
Sharp-edged rectangular = 2,42
Rectangular with semicircular upstream face = 1,83
Rectangular with semicircular upstream and downstream face = 1,67
Circular = 1,79
Tear shape = 0,76

Sumur Pengumpul
td 10 menit

Screw Pump
15

Diameter = 0,3-3 m
Kapasitas = 0,01-3,2 m
3
/det
Sudut kemiringan = 30
o
-38
o

Total head max = 9 m
Kecepatan motor = 30-50 rpm

Grit Chamber (Sumber: Metcalf and Eddy, 1991)
td = 45-90 det (tipikal : 60 det)
Vh = 0,25-0,4 m/det (tipikal : 0,3 m/det)
Vs = 1,0-1,3 m/menit (tipikal : 1,15 m/menit) untuk 65 mesh material
= 0,6-0,9 m/menit (tipikal : 0,75 m/menit) untuk 100 mesh material
Panjang saluran(L) = 10-20 m

Bak Pengendap I (Sumber: Metcalf and Eddy, 1991)
Rectangular
Kedalaman = 3,05-4,6 m (tipikal : 3,66 m)
Panjang = 15,24-91,44 m (tipikal : 24,4-39,6 m)
Lebar = 3,05-24,4 m (tipikal : 4,88-9,75 m)
Flight speed = 0,61-1,22 m/menit (tipikal : 0,91 m/menit)

Circular
Kedalaman = 3,05-4,6 m (tipikal : 3,66 m)
Diameter = 3,05-60,96 m (tipikal : 12,2-45,72 m)
Slope dasar = 0,75-2,0 in/ft (tipikal : 1 in/ft)
Flight travel speed= 0,02-0,05 m/menit (tipikal : 0,03 m/menit)

Tangki Aerasi (Sumber: Qasim, 1985)
Kedalaman = 3,0-5,0 m
Freeboard = 1-1,5 m
Lebar:kedalaman = 1 : 1 2,2 : 1
Lebar = 3,0-11,0 m

Secondary Clarifier (Sumber: Qasim, 1985)
OFR = 8,0-16,0 m
3
/m
2
.hari
Solid loading = 0,5-5 kg/m
2
.jam
Kedalaman = 3,5-5 m
Kedalaman zona settling =1,5 m

Sludge Thickener
Solid loading = 40-78 kg/m
2
.hari
Kons. Solid lumpur = 2,0-8,0 %
Sludge vol. Ratio = 0,5-20 dry solid
16

Kedalaman sludge blanket = 0,6-2,4 m
Slope bak = 1,4-1,6

Sludge Digester
HRT pada 20
o
C = 40-78 kg/m
2
.hari
Solid loading = 1,6-4,8 kg volatile solid/m
3
.hari
Keb. O2 utk cell tissue = 2,3 kg O2/kg solid destroyed
Energi utk mixing mech aerator = 19,7-39,5 Kw/10
3
m
3
Diffused air mixing = 0,02-0,04 m
3
/m
3
.menit
DO residu dlm liquid = 1,0-2,0 mg/l
Reduksi pada VSS = 40-50 %

Sludge Drying Bed (Sumber: Qasim, 1985)
Tebal pasir = 23,0-30,0 cm
Tebal kerikil = 20,0-30,0 cm
Sludge loading rate = 100-300 kg/m
2
3. PRELIMINARY SIZING
.tahun
Tebal bed = 20,0-30,0 cm
Lebar bed = 5,0-8,0 m
Panjang bed = 6,0-30,0
t pengeringan = 10,0-15,0 hari
Uniformity coefficient < 4
Effective size = 0,3-0,75 mm
V.air dalam inlet = 0,75 m/det
V.air dalam drain = 0,75 m/det

Perhitungan preliminary sizing seperti pada contoh sebelumnya.

4. MASS BALANCE
Kualitas influen air limbah
BOD5 = 71 mg/l
COD = 147 mg/l
TSS = 116 mg/l
NH3-bebas = 0,184 mg/l
Detergen = 0,2566 mg/l
Phenol = 0 mg/l
Sisa klor (Cl2) = 0 mg/l
Phosphat (ortho) = 0,4121 mg/l

Baku mutu limbah cair untuk kegiatan rumah sakit
BOD5 = 30 mg/l
COD = 80 mg/l
17

TSS = 30 mg/l
NH3-bebas = 0,1 mg/l
Detergen = 0,5 mg/l
Phenol = 0,01 mg/l
Sisa klor (Cl2) = 0,5 mg/l
Phosphat (ortho) = 2 mg/l

Kuantitas influen air limbah
Q.ave = 0,4709 l/det = 40,6879 m
3
/hari
Q.min = 0,2355 l/det = 20,3440 m
3
/hari
Q.maks = 0,4709 l/det = 40,6879 m
3
Qp = 0,7064 l/det = 61,0319 m
/hari
3

/hari
a. Mass balance sebelum grit chamber
Perhitungan mass balance untuk grit chamber
MBOD = Q * BOD/1000
= 2,8888 kg/hari (utk Q.ave)
= 1,4444 kg/hari (utk Q.min)
= 2,8888 kg/hari (utk Q.maks)
= 4,3333 kg/hari (utk Qp)
MCOD = Q * COD/1000
MTSS
b. Mass balance setelah grit chamber
= Q * TSS/1000
= 7,0797 kg/hari (utk Q.p)

Removal BOD5 dan TSS dalam grit chamber kecil. Oleh karena itu, diasumsikan
bahwa konsentrasi BOD5 dan TSS yang keluar dari grit chamber sama dengan
kualitas influen air limbah (Qasim, 1985)
MBOD = 2,8888 kg/hari (utk Q.ave)
MCOD
Comment [A4]: factor peak =..
factor max =
18

MTSS = 4,7198 kg/hari (utk Q.ave)

a. Mass balance sebelum bak pengendap I
Perhitungan mass balance untuk bak pengendap I
Mass balance sebelum bak pengendap I sama dengan mass balance setelah grit
chamber, yaitu:
MCOD = 5,9811 kg/hari (utk Q.ave)
MTSS
b. Mass balance setelah bak pengendap I

Removal BOD = 30 % (25-40%, Eddy dan Metcalf, 1991)
Removal TSS = 60 % (50-70%, Eddy dan Metcalf, 1991)
MBOD = 30 % * MBOD
MTSS = 60 % * MTSS
Sludge solid concentration dari bak pengendap I sebesar 5% = 50000 mg/l = 50
kg/m
3
(Tabel 12-8, Eddy dan Metcalf, 1991)
Q = MTSS/TSS
= 0,0566 m
3
/hari (utk Q.ave)
= 0,0283 m
3
/hari (utk Q.min)
= 0,0566 m
3
/hari (utk Q.maks)
19

= 0,0850 m
3
/hari (utk Qp)
BOD = MBOD/Q
= 15,3017 mg/l (utk Q.ave)
= 15,3017 mg/l (utk Q.min)
= 15,3017 mg/l (utk Q.maks)
= 15,3017 mg/l (utk Qp)
TSS = MTSS/Q
= 50 mg/l (utk Q.ave)
= 50 mg/l (utk Q.min)
= 50 mg/l (utk Q.maks)
= 50 mg/l (utk Qp)

a. Mass balance sebelum tangki aerasi
Perhitungan mass balance untuk tangki aerasi
Mass balance sebelum tangki aerasi sama dengan mass balance setelah BP I,
yaitu:
Q = 0,0566 m
3
/hari (utk Q.ave)
= 0,0283 m
3
/hari (utk Q.min)
= 0,0566 m
3
/hari (utk Q.maks)
= 0,0850 m
3
b. Mass balance setelah tangki aerasi
/hari (utk Qp)
BOD = 15,3017 mg/l (utk Q.ave)
= 15,3017 mg/l (utk Q.min)
= 15,3017 mg/l (utk Qp)
TSS = 50 mg/l (utk Q.ave)
= 50 mg/l (utk Q.min)
= 50 mg/l (utk Q.maks)
= 50 mg/l (utk Qp)

Q = Qinfluen-Qsebelum tangki aerasi
= 40,6313 m
3
/hari (utk Q.ave)
= 20,3156 m
3
/hari (utk Q.min)
= 40,6313 m
3
/hari (utk Q.maks)
20

= 60,9469 m
3
/hari (utk Qp)
MBOD = MBOD sblm BP.I MBOD stlh BP.I
MTSS = MTSS sblm BP.I MTSS stlh BP.I
BOD = MBOD/Q
= 0,0498 mg/l (utk Q.ave)
= 0,0498 mg/l (utk Q.min)
= 0,0498 mg/l (utk Qp)
TSS = MTSS/Q
= 0,0465 mg/l (utk Qp)

a. Mass balance untuk liquid line
Input data
Perhitungan mass balance untuk secondary clarifier
Q = 40,6313 m
3
/hari (utk Q.ave)
= 20,3156 m
3
/hari (utk Q.min)
= 40,6313 m
3
/hari (utk Q.maks)
= 60,9469 m
3
/hari (utk Qp)
= 0,0498 mg/l (utk Qp)
TSS = 0,0465 mg/l (utk Q.ave)
= 0,0465 mg/l (utk Qp)
21

Perhitungan
BODair = 10% * BOD
= 0,0050 mg/l (utk Qp)
Px = Yobs * Q * (So-Se)
Yobs
) ( 1
c
kd
Y
+
=
Y = 0,5 g biomass/g substrat (0,4-0,6)
kd = 0,06 per hari
c = 10 hari (3-15 hari)
Yobs = 0,3125 g/g
Q = 40,6313 m
3
/hari (utk Q.ave)
= 20,3156 m
3
/hari (utk Q.min)
= 40,6313 m
3
/hari (utk Q.maks)
= 60,9469 m
3
/hari (utk Qp)
So (BODin)= 0,0498 mg/l
Se (BODair
b. Mass balance untuk solid line
)= 0,0050 mg/l
Px = 0,5687 g MLVSS/hr = 0,7109 g MLSS/hr (utk Q.ave)
= 0,2844 g MLVSS/hr= 0,3555 g MLSS/hr (utk Q.min)
= 0,5687 g MLVSS/hr = 0,7109 g MLSS/hr (utk Q.maks)
= 0,8531 g MLVSS/hr = 1,0664 g MLSS/hr (utk Qp)
Input data
Q = 40,6313 m
3
/hari (utk Q.ave)
= 20,3156 m
3
/hari (utk Q.min)
= 40,6313 m
3
/hari (utk Q.maks)
= 60,9469 m
3
/hari (utk Qp)
= 0,0498 mg/l (utk Qp)
TSS = 0,0465 mg/l (utk Q.ave)
= 0,0465 mg/l (utk Qp)
22

Perhitungan
Qw = Px/TSS (TSS = 8000-12000, diambil TSS = 10000)
= 7,1093.10
-5
m
3
/hari (utk Q.ave)
= 3,5546.10
-5
m
3
/hari (utk Q.min)
= 7,1093.10
-5
m
3
/hari (utk Q.maks)
= 1,0664.10
-4
m
3
/hari (utk Qp)
BODin * Qin= 0,002022 mg/hari (utk Q.ave)
= 0,001011 mg/hari (utk Q.min)
= 0,002022 mg/hari (utk Q.maks)
= 0,003033 mg/hari (utk Qp)
Qair = Qin-Qw
= 4,0631.10
1
m
3
/hari (utk Q.ave)
= 2,0316. 10
1
m
3
/hari (utk Q.min)
= 4,0631. 10
1
m
3
/hari (utk Q.maks)
= 6,0947. 10
1
m
3
/hari (utk Qp)
BODair * Qair = 2,0222 mg/hari (utk Q.ave)
= 1,0111 mg/hari (utk Q.min)
= 2,0222 mg/hari (utk Q.maks)
= 3,0333 mg/hari (utk Qp)

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