Do An Ham Say HC Thuy

B CNG THNG
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM

N HC PHN K THUT THC PHM

TI:
THIT K HM SY MC TI NNG SUT NGUYN
LIU 1400 KG/M

GVHD: TIN TIN NAM
SVTH:
NGUYN TH THY
PHM TH XUN THI

HCM, Ngy..thng..nm 2013

MC LC

Thit k hm sy mc ti nng sut nguyn liu 1400 kg/m GVHD: Tin Tin Nam

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy
Phm Th Xun Thi Trang 1

LI M U
Sy l mt qu trnh cng ngh c s dng trong rt nhiu ngnh cng_nng
nghip. K thut sy ng vai tr v cng quan trng trong i sng. Trong quy trnh cng
ngh sn xut ca rt nhiu sn phm u c cng on sy kh bo qun di ngy.
Trong nng nghip, sy l mt trong nhng cng on quan trng ca cng nghip sau thu
hoch. Trong cng nghip nh cng nghip ch bin nng _hi sn, cng nghip ch bin
g, cng nghip sn xut vt liu xy dngk thut sy cng ng vai tr quan trng
trong dy chuyn sn xut.
Qu trnh sy khng ch l qu trnh tch nc v hi nc ra khi vt liu mt
cch n thun m l mt qu trnh cng ngh. N i hi sau khi sy vt liu phi m
bo cht lng cao, tiu tn nng lng t v chi ph vn hnh thp. Trong ch bin
nng_hi sn, sn phm sy phi duy tr mu sc, hng v, cc vi lng, sn phm c cht
lng tt
C rt nhiu thit b sy khc nhau vi nhng tnh nng vt tri ring. Trong
n KTTP ny chng em c giao nhim v thit k hm sy mc ti nng sut nguyn
liu 1400 kg/m. H thng c lp t ti Ninh Thun vi nhit khng kh v m
trung bnh trong nm t = 26 75%.
Vi s hng dn tn tnh ca thy Tin Tin Nam gip chng em hon thnh
n ny. Do kin thc chng em cn nhiu hn ch v ngun ti liu tham kho khng
y , qu trnh tnh ton c nhiu sai s nn khng trnh khi cc sai st. Chng em
mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca thy, c v cc bn n ca chng em c
hon thin hn. Mt ln na chng em xin cm n thy Tin Tin Nam hng dn
chng em trong sut thi gian qua.
Tp. HCM, Ngy.Thng.Nm 2013
Sinh Vin Thc Hin:


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

CHNG I: TNG QUAN
1.1. Tng quan v sy:
1.1.1. Khi nim chung:
Sy l mt phng php bo qun thc phm n gin, an ton v d dng. Sy
lm gim m ca thc phm n mc cn thit do vi khun, nm mc v nm men b
c ch hoc khng pht trin v hot ng c, gim hot ng cc enzyme, gim kch
thc v trng lng ca sn phm.
C nhiu cch cung cp nhit cho vt liu: bng dn nhit, i lu nhit,bc x
hoc bng nng lng in trng c tn s cao. Trong n ny, ta s dng phng php
sy i lu. y cng l phng php rt thng dng trong cng nghip sy.
thc hin qu trnh sy, ngi ta s dng h thng gm nhiu thit b chnh v
thit b ph. C nhiu loi thit b chnh: bung sy, hm sy, thp sy, thng quay. Trong
n ny, ta s dng cc loi thit b sau:
Thit b chnh:
o Hm sy.
o Xe gong.
Thit b ph:
o Qut y.
o Caloripher.
o Qut ht.
o Ti ko.


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

1.1.2. Phn loi qu trnh sy:
Ngi ta phn bit ra 2 loi:
Sy t nhin: nh tc nhn chnh l nng, gi... Phng php ny thi gian sy di,
tn din tch sn phi, kh iu chnh v m cui cng ca vt liu cn kh ln, ph
thuc vo iu kin thi tit kh hu.
Sy nhn to: qu trnh cn cung cp nhit, ngha l phi dng n tc nhn sy
nh khi l, khng kh nng, hi qu nhitv n c ht ra khi thit b khi sy xong.
Qu trnh sy nhanh, d iu khin v trit hn sy t nhin.
Phn loi phng php sy nhn to, ta c:
Phn loi theo phng thc truyn nhit: Phng php sy i lu: ngun nhit
cung cp cho qu trnh sy l nhit truyn t mi cht sy n vt liu sy bng cch
truyn nhit i lu. y l phng php c dng rng ri hn c cho sy hoa qu v
sy ht.
Phng php sy bc x: ngun nhit cung cp cho qu trnh sy l thc hin bng
bc x t mt b mt no n vt sy, c th dng bc x thng, bc x hng ngoi.
Phng php sy tip xc: ngun cung cp nhit cho vt sy bng cch cho tip
xc trc tip vt sy vi b mt ngun nhit.
Phng php sy bng in trng dng cao tn: ngun nhit cung cp cho vt sy
nh dng in cao tn to nn in trng cao tn trong vt sy lm vt nng ln.
Phng php sy thng hoa: c thc hin bng lm lnh vt sy ng thi ht
chn khng cho vt sy t n trng thi thng hoa ca nc, nc thot ra khi vt
sy nh qu trnh thng hoa.
Phng php sy tng si: ngun nhit t khng kh nng nh qut thi vo bung
sy mnh v lm si lp ht, sau mt thi gian nht nh, ht kh v c tho ra ngoi.
Phng php sy phun: c dng sy cc sn phm dng lng.

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

Bc x: s dn truyn nhit bc x t vt liu nng n vt liu m
Phn loi theo tnh cht x l vt liu m qua bung sy
Sy m: vt liu ng yn hoc chuyn ng qua bung sy nhiu ln, n khi
hon tt s c tho ra.
Sy lin tc: vt liu c cung cp lin tc v s chuyn ng ca vt liu m qua
bung sy cng xy ra lin tc.
Phn loi theo s chuyn ng tng i gia dng kh v vt liu m
Loi thi qua b mt.
Loi thi xuyn vung gc vi vt liu.
1.1.3. Mc ch v ngha ca qu trnh sy:
Mc ch ca qu trnh sy l qu trnh lm kh cc vt th, cc vt liu, cc sn
phm bng phng php bay hi nc.
Nh vy, qu trnh sy kh mt vt th din bin nh sau:Vt th c gia nhit
a nhit ln n nhit bo ha ng vi phn p sut ca hi nc trn b mt vt
th. Vt th c cp nhit lm bay hi m.
Tm li, trong qu trnh sy xy ra cc qu trnh trao i nhit v trao i cht c
th l qu trnh truyn nhit t cht ti nhit cho vt sy, qu trnh truyn m t trong vt
sy ra ngoi b mt sy, qu trnh truyn m t b mt vt sy ra ngoi mi trng. Cc
qu trnh truyn nhit truyn cht trn xy ra ng thi trn vt sy, chng c tc ng qua
li ln nhau.
Ta c th tm tt mc ch v ngha ca qu trnh sy mc ti nh sau:
Gim m ca mc n mt m thch hp nhm bo qun lu v
ng gi c thun li, d s dng.

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

Dng nhit tiu dit cc vi sinh vt nhm ngn chn qu trnh h
thi, nm mc pht trin... ng thi c nh nhng cht dinh dng sn
c trong mc.
To hng thm cho mc.
1.2. Gi thiu v h thng sy:
1.2.1. Cu to:
Cu to h thng sy gm: caloripher, knh dn kh nng, xe gong, qut gi, ng
thot kh.
1.2.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca sy i lu:
Khng kh nng hoc khi l c dng lm tc nhn sy c nhit , m, tc
ph hp, chuyn ng chy trm ln vt sy lm cho m trong vt sy bay hi ri i
theo tc nhn sy.
Khng kh c th chuyn ng cng chiu, ngc chiu hoc ct ngang dng
chuyn ng ca sn phm
Sy i lu c th thc hin theo m (gin on) hay lin tc. Trn hnh v di l
s sy i lu bng khng kh nng.


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

1.2.3. Chn ch sy:
Sy ngc chiu vt liu s tip xc trit vi tc nhn. V vy sy mc ti s
p dng phng php sy ngc chiu.
1.2.4. Chn thi gian sy:
Thi gian sy l mt thng s c bit quan trng c s dng trong tnh ton
thit k v vn hnh thit b sy.
Thi gian sy ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: loi vt liu sy, hnh dng, kch
thc hnh hc ca vt liu, m u v cui ca vt liu, loi thit b sy, phng php
cp nhit, ch sy. Do vic xc nh thi gian sy bng gii tch gp nhiu kh khn.
V vy, trong tnh ton thc t cc thit b sy thi gian c xc nh theo thc
nghim v c theo kinh nghim vn hnh.
Tuy nhin trong nghin cu cc loi sy mi v sy cc vt liu khi cha c
kinh nghim ngi ta phi da vo l thuyt gii tch hoc na gii tch na thc nghim
tnh ton thi gian sy.
Nguyn tc xc nh thi gian sy bng gii tch:
1- Xy dng m hnh vt l ph hp vi vt liu cn sy v vi mt thit b sy no
ph hp vi phng php cp nhit v ch sy.
2- T m hnh vt l thit lp m hnh ton hc ca bi ton truyn nhit truyn
cht ngha l vit h phng trnh truyn nhit truyn cht cng vi cc iu kin n tr
tng ng. Trong h phng trnh truyn nhit truyn cht phi th hin m hnh vt l
mt cch ton din, chnh xc nhng cng lc b nhng nhn t ph m hnh ton hc
n gin v c th gii c.
3- Gii m hnh ton hc xc nh thi gian sy
Do trong m hnh vt l v c m hnh ton hc c b i mt s yu t v vy
thi gian sy xc nh bng gii tch s sai khc vi thc t, cho nn cn phi tri qua thc
nghim chnh l cho ph hp.


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

1.2.5. Nhin liu s dng:
Nhin liu c s dng trong h thng sy l hi kh nng, kh nng c thi
trc tip vo hm sy.
1.2.6.1 . nh hng ca nhit khng kh:
Trong cc iu kin khc nhau khng i nh m khng kh, tc gi, vic
nng cao nhit s lm tng nhanh tc lm kh do lng nc trong nguyn liu gim
xung cng nhiu. Nhng tng nhit cng gii hn cho php v nhit lm kh cao
s lm nh hng ln n cht lng sn phm, d lm cho nguyn liu b chn v gy nn
s to mng cng lp b ngoi cn tr ti s chuyn ng ca nc t lp bn trong ra
b mt ngoi. Nhng vi nhit lm kh qu thp, di gii hn cho php th qu trnh
lm kh s chm li dn n s thi ra, hy hoi nguyn liu.
1.2.6.2. nh hng ca tc chuyn ng khng kh:
Tc chuyn ng ca khng kh c nh hng ln n qu trnh sy, tc gi
qu ln hoc qu nh u khng c li cho qu trnh sy. V tc chuyn ng ca
khng kh qu ln kh gi nhit lng trn nguyn liu cn bng qu tnh sy, cn tc
qu nh s lm cho qu trnh sy chm li. V vy, cn phi c mt tc gi thch
hp, nht l giai on u ca qu trnh lm kh.
Hng gi cng nh hng rt ln n qu trnh lm kh, khi hng gi song song
vi b mt nguyn liu th tc lm kh rt nhanh. Nu hng gi thi ti nguyn liu
vi gc 45
0
th tc lm kh tng i chm, cn thi thng vung gc vi nguyn liu
th tc lm kh rt chm.
1.2.6.3. nh hng ca m tng i ca khng kh:
m tng i ca khng kh cng l nhn t nh hng quyt nh n qu
trnh lm kh, m ca khng kh cng ln qu trnh lm kh s chm li. Cc nh bc
hc Lin X v cc nc khc chng minh rng: m tng i ca khng kh ln
hn 65% th qu trnh sy s chm li r rt, cn m tng i ca khng kh khong
80% tr ln th qu trnh lm kh s dng li v bt u xy ra hin tng ngc li, tc l
nguyn liu s ht m tr li.

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

cn bng m, khuch tn ni ph hp vi khuch tn ngoi v trnh hin tng
to mng cng, ngi ta p dng phng php lm kh gin on tc l va sy va .
Lm kh trong iu t nhin kh t c m tng i ca khng kh 50% n 60%
do nc ta kh hu nhit i thng c m cao. Do , mt trong nhng phng php
lm gim m ca khng kh c th tin hnh lm lnh cho hi nc ngng t li.
Khi h thp nhit ca khng kh di im sng hi nc s ngng t, ng thi hm
m tuyt i ca khng kh cng c h thp. Nh vy lm kh khng kh ngi ta p
dng phng php lm lnh.
1.2.6.4. nh hng ca kch thc nguyn liu:
Kch thc nguyn liu cng nh hng n qu trnh sy. Nguyn liu cng b,
cng mng th tc sy cng nhanh, nhng nu nguyn liu c kch thc qu b v qu
mng s lm cho nguyn liu b cong, d gy v.
Trong nhng iu kin ging nhau v ch sy (nhit , p sut kh quyn) th
tc sy t l thun vi din tch b mt S v t l nghch vi chiu dy nguyn liu .
Trong :
S : din tch b mt bay hi ca nguyn liu.
: chiu dy ca nguyn liu.
B : h s bay hi c trng cho b mt nguyn liu.
1.2.6.5. nh hng ca qu trnh m:
Qu trnh m nhm mc ch l lm cho tc khuch tn ni v khuch tn
ngoi ph hp nhau lm tng nhanh qu trnh lm kh. Trong khi lm kh qu trnh
m ngi ta gi l lm kh gin on.
1.2.6.6. nh hng ca bn thn nguyn liu:
Ty vo bn thn nguyn liu m ngi ta chn ch lm kh cho ph hp, cn
phi xt n thnh phn ha hc ca nguyn liu.


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

1.3. H thng sy hm:
1.3.1. Cu to ca h thng sy hm:
Mt h thng sy hm gm 3 thit b chnh: hm sy, calorifer, qut. Trong hm
sy ngi ta b tr xe
goong hoc bng ti
cha vt liu sy.
1.4. Tng quan
v nguyn liu
sy: Mc ti
1.4.1. Gii
thiu v mc:
+ Theo s liu iu tra
mi nht, vng bin
Vit Nam c ti 25
loi mc ng ( mc
l), thuc b
Teuthoidea. a s mc
ng sng su < 100m nc, tp trung nhiu nht vng nc su khong 30 - 50m.
Ngoi ra cn c mt s loi thng sng cc vng bin khi vi su >100m nc.
Mc ng l ng vt nhy cm vi bin i ca iu kin thu vn, thi tit v nh sng
nn s di chuyn theo ma, ngy v m. Nhn chung ban ngy, do lp nc b mt b nh
sng mt tri hun nng, lm nhit nc tng ln, mc ng thng ln xung di y
hoc lp nc tng di. Ban m, khi nhit nc b mt gim i, cc qun th mc
ng li di chuyn t lp nc tng y ln b mt. Trong cc thng ma kh (thng 12-
thng 3 nm sau), mc ng di chuyn n cc vng nc nng hn, su <30m. Trong
cc thng ma ma (thng 6-9), mc ng di chuyn n cc vng nc su 30-50m.
Vng phn b : Cng nh mc nang, vng bin pha Bc, mc ng tp trung
cc vng nh bt mc chnh l quanh o Ct B, Ci Chin, CT, Hn M-Hn
Mt v khu vc Bch Long V, nht l vo ma xun. vng bin pha nam, cc

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

vng tp trung mc ch yu l Phan Rang, Phan Thit, Vng Tu, C Mau v
quanh Cn o, Ph Quc.
Ma v khai thc : Mc ng c khai thc quanh nm, tuy nhin cng c 2 v
chnh: V Bc ( thng 12-4) v v Nam (thng 6-9).
Hnh thc khai thc : Cc loi ngh khai thc mc ng kt hp nh sng nh ngh
cu mc, ngh mnh n, ngh v, chp mc. Li dng tnh hng quang dng
ca mc ng, ta a ngun nh sang mnh xung di nc, d dng nhn thy
qun th mc tp trung rt ng trong qung nh sng . Do , Vit Nam cng
nh cc nc khc u s dng cc phng php khai thc kt hp nh sng.
Sn lng khai thc : Sn lng khai thc mc ng trn ton vng bin Vit Nam
hng nm khong 24.000 tn, trong vng bin min Nam c sn lng cao nht
l khong trn 16.000 tn (chim 70%), vnh Bc B chim sn lng ln th nh,
khong 5000 tn (20%), cn bin min Trung c sn lng thp nht khong 2.500
tn (10%).
Xut khu : Mc ng ca Vit Nam xut khu sang hn 30 th trng nc ngoi,
vi doanh thu hng nm t khong hn 50-60 triu USD tnh trn c sn phm
ng lnh ti v sn phm kh.
Sn phm ch bin : ng lnh nguyn con di cc hnh thc ng khi (Block),
ng ri nhanh (IQF), hay ng lnh semi-IQF, hoc semi-block. Cc sn phm ch bin
gm phi l, ct khoanh, ta hoa v c lm thnh cc sn phm ch bin sn nu, hoc
Thnh phn dinh dng trong 100 g sn phm n c
Thnh phn chnh Mui khong Vitamin
Kcal G mg mg
Calories Moisture Protein Lipid Glucid Ash Calci Phosphor Iron A B1 B2 PP C
71
82,2 15,6
1,0 - 1,2 55 160 1,2 210 0,01 0,04 2,5 0

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

di dng sn phm sushi, sashimi n gi, cc sn phm phi ch khc v ch bin n
lin nh mc nng, mc kh nghin tm gia v.
1.4.2 Tnh cht ca mc a vo sy:
Thnh phn dinh dng ca Mc ng :
+ Mc ng l loi thy sn c t m, c m khong 80%. Khi mc cht th
m cao nh vy s lm mi trng thun li cho cc loi vi khun pht trin gy ra hin
tng thi ra.
+ Nu ta lm gim m xung cn 35 10% th s ngn cn c mt s loi
vi khun. Nu m ch cn 10 20 % th hu nh vi khun khng cn pht trin c
na.
+ Mc ng l loi mc t m nn nhit dung ring ca mc ng ta chn l:
3,62kJ/kgK
+ Do hm lng nc trong mc kh ln
bo qun gp rt nhiu kh khn.
1.4.3. Phn loi mc:
1.4.3.1. Phn loi theo chng loi:
1. Mc ng Trung Hoa
Tn ting Anh : Mitre Squid
Tn khoa hc : Loligo chinensis Gray, 1849
- c im hnh thi : l loi mc ng c th ln, thn di khong 350-400mm,
thn hnh ho tin, chiu di thn gp 6 ln chiu rng, ui nhon, vy di
bng 2/3 chiu di thn. V trong bng sng trong sut, gia c g dc.
- Vng phn b : Loi mc ng ny sng tng mt, phn b rng khp c

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

dc b bin Vit Nam t Bc n
Nam .
- Ma v khai thc : quanh nm,
chnh v vo cc thng 1-3 v thng
6-9
- Ng c khai thc : cu, mnh, v,
chp kt hp nh sng
- Cc dng sn phm : nguyn con
sch, phi l, ct khoanh, kh, kh tm gia v.
2. Mc ng Nht bn:
Tn ting Anh : Japanese Squid
Tn khoa hc : Loligo japonica Hoyle, 1885
- c im hnh thi : Thn hnh u n, chiu di thn gp i khong 4
ln chiu rng. B mt thn c cc c im sc t gn trn, to, nh xen k.
Chiu di vy bng 65% chiu di thn.
- Vng phn b : Loi mc ng ny sng vng bin nng v thm lc .
Ma h thng vo vng nc ven b <10 m nc trng. Mc ny ch yu phn b
vng bin min Trung v Nam b, c bit khai thc nhiu vng bin Nha Trang v
Bnh Thun.
- Ma v khai thc : quanh nm, chnh v vo cc thng 1-3 v thng 6-9.
- Ng c khai thc : cu, mnh, v, chp kt hp nh sng.
- Cc dng sn phm : nguyn con sch, phi l, ct khoanh, kh, kh tm gia v.


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

3. Mc ng B ka:
Tn ting Anh : Beka Squid
Tn khoa hc : Loligo beka Sasaki, 1929
- c im hnh thi : Kch thc c th
trung bnh, thn hnh u n, chiu di
thn gp khong 3 ln chiu rng. Trn
thn c nhiu m sc t mu tm.
Chiu di vy nh hn c chiu di thn. Chiu ngang vy nh hn chiu di vy.
Mai bng cht sng mng, trong sut, gia lng c sng dc trng ging nh lng g.
- Vng phn b : Loi mc ny ch yu sng vng lng. n ma kh chng thng vo
b trng. Trng thng kt thnh tng m 30-50cm. Mi m trng c khong 20-
40 trng. Loi ny c phn b c ba vng bin Bc, Trung v Nam b Vit Nam.
- Ma v khai thc : quanh nm, chnh v vo cc thng 1-3 v thng 6-9
- Ng c khai thc : cu, mnh, v, chp kt hp nh sng.
4. Mc l:
Tn ting Anh : Bigfin reef Squid
(Broad squid)
Tn khoa hc : Sepioteuthis lessoniana
Lesson, 1830
- c im hnh thi : l loi mc c
c th ln, nhn b ngoi va ging
mc nang, va ging mc ng. Chiu di thn 250-400mm, thn di gp 3 ln chiu rng.

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

- Vng phn b : Vit nam, loi mc ny c phn b c ba vng bin Bc trung
Nam b, nhng tp trung nhiu nht l vng Vnh Bc B, Ph yn, Khnh Ho, Bnh
Thun.
- Ng c khai thc : cu, mnh, v, chp kt hp nh sng
5. Mc ng Thi Bnh Dng
Tn ting Anh : Japanese flying squid
Tn khoa hc : Todarodes pacificus
Steenstrup, 1880
- c im hnh thi : Thn trn, hnh
ng thun di. Vy ngn, chiu di vy
chim khong 40% chiu di thn.
Rnh phu dng h
nng, khng c ti bn. Bng xc gic rng, th, di. Cc tay tua ngn.
- Vng phn b : loi mc ny sng c vng lng v vng khi, ti nc su 500m.
Thch nghi vi phm vi nhit 5-27
0
C. Loi ny c phn b tp trung vng bin
min Trung Vit Nam.
- Ng c khai thc : cu, mnh, v, vy, r kt hp nh sng.


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

1.4.3. Phn loi theo kch thc:
Ngi ta phn loi mc da theo tiu ch l chiu di ln nht tnh t ui n u
con mc, c hai loi:
+ Loi nh:
Loi 1s di 16- 20 cm
Loi 2s di 14- 16 cm
Loi 3s di 12-14 cm
Loi 4s di 8-10 cm
+ Loi ln:
Loi 4l di 32-40 cm
Loi 3l di 28-32 cm
Loi 3l di 24-18 cm
Loi 3l di 20-24 cm
Chn loi mc ng ln 4l
Thi gian nh bt t thng 12 n 8 thi im sy mc l ma h.
1.5. Quy trnh cng ngh v cc thng s ca mc ng:
1.5.1. Quy trnh cng ngh:
Mc nh bt xong c vn chuyn v khu s ch, ti y ngi ta tin hnh ra
sch, lm kh c hc, kh trng ri em vo cc khay li t trn xe goong ri a vo
sy.
1.5.2. Cc thng s mc ng:

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

Chiu di 4l ( 32-40 cm)
m , nhit t=t
mt
=25
0
C.
m sau khi sy
Khi lng ring

Khi lng a vo sy mt m 1400 kg/m.
1.5.3. Cu trc v cc dng lin kt trong mc lin quan n qu trnh sy:
1.5.3.1. Cu trc ca mc ng c cc dng sau:
a) Lp sc t bn ngoi:
Lp da ny bao ph bn ngoi thn con mc ng chiu dy khong t 0,05-0,1mm
(i vi mc cn ti cha qua ngm nc). Lp da ny c cu trc l cc si mm c
cha cc sc t thay i theo mi trng bn ngoi, d b bc tch trong qu trnh bo qun
vn chuyn. i vi mc ti sy kh th ngi ta thng bc lp da ny trc khi sy
(hng cao cp - xut i Nht Bn). Cn i vi cc hng kh th thng thng gi li lp
da ny.
b) Lp mng da trong:
C dy t 0,03-0,04 mm c dai chc hn lp da bn ngoi. N c cu to
t cc lp s c trong dnh li vi nhau theo mt lp cng chiu. D b trng n khi ngm
cng nh d mt nc khi sy.
c) Lp c mng:
C dy t 0,01- 0,02mm nhng c sn chc hn lp mng trong do nhiu si
c nh an cho nhau to thnh mt mng li sn chc n hi. T l nc thp nn kh
trng n v ngn khng cho nc t mi trng bn ngoi xm nhp vo nn qu trnh
tch nc lp ny tng i kh.
d) Lp c tht:

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

Lp ny c dy ln nht chim ti 96% trng lng ca ming fillet. dy
dao ng theo chiu di ca ming mc. N gm nhiu ht t bo tht lin kt dnh li vi
nhau. Lp ny d b ngm nc cng nh d b mt nc trong qu trnh sy. Lp ny d
b bc tch, x nh. Lng nc thu gi ming tht ny ln nht gn 98%. Mc ch ca
qu trnh sy l lm mt nc ca lp tht ny.
e) Hai lp mng trong:
Hai lp ny tip xc vi ni tng mc c cu trc l nhng si c ang cho nhau
nhng sn chc t hn lp mng si c, d b mt nc nc khi sy v trng nc khi
ngm.
1.5.3.2. S bay hi trong qu trnh sy mc:
Nc trong mc tn ti di hai dng l nc t do v nc lin kt. Khi sy th
nc t do bay hi trc ri mi nc lin kt. Lng nc ny gim dn theo thi gian
trong qu trnh sy v ph thuc vo nhit sy, m, tc ... ca khng kh.
Trong qu trnh sy th nc t do d b tch ra khi mc cn m lin kt th kh
hn. Nguyn nhn l do lp mng mng bn ngoi c hm lng nc t hn, cu to chc
ch hn cc si c bn trong nn kh nhanh hn trong qu trnh sy, lc n to thnh
mt lp keo ngn cng s bay hi ca m. Cng kh cc lp mng ny cng dnh chc vo
ming fillet lm cho nc khng bay hi c.
1.5.5.3. Cng ngh sy mc:
Tiu chun chn mc:
- Mc phi ti tt, tht cng trng lng khong 200g/ con.
- Mc cn nguyn vn khng b tn thng.
- Mc khng b dch bnh.
- Mc c mu xanh t nhin.
X l mc

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

- Mc sau khi tip nhn cn phi nhanh chng a vo b ra.
- Dng dao m phn lng con mc ly mai
- Dng dao ly b phn ti mc ra.
- Ra sch mch mc v cc phn khc bm trong mc.
Cng ngh sy mc ng
- Trong qu trnh phi m bo khng lm mt cht c tc l phi m bo mi v ca
mc.
- m ng tiu chun ta dng tc nhn sy l khng kh nng i lu cng bc
vi vn tc khng kh nng chuyn ng khong 1.2m/s. Nhit sy khong
45
0
C, trong khong 12
h
. m ca mc gim xung cn 10 , mc
c xp trn nhng v st khng c dy qu, cc v c sp trn xe goong ri
a vo hm sy.
- Ngun nhit gia nhit cho kh nng trong hm l calorife kh - hi.
Lng m sau khi thot ra c thi ra ngoi mi trng.

Quy trnh ch bin mc kh xut khu:
- Chn mc
- X l mc
- Sy mc nhit t 5065
0
C trong12
h
.
- Phn loi (m bo kch thc sn phm ng u).
- ng gi
- Thnh phm
1.6. Chn phng n sy:
- C nhiu phng n sy sy vt liu. Mi phng thc sy u c u khuyt im
ring ca n.

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

- Sy i lu ngc chiu: vt liu sy v tc nhn sy i ngc chiu nhau. Tc nhn sy
ban u c nhit cao v m thp tip xc vi vt liu sy c m nh nht ( vt liu
sy chun b ra khi hm sy). Do theo hm sy tc nhn sy gim dn nhit v m
tng dn di chuyn v pha u hm sy tip xc vi vt liu sy c m cao nht. Nn
cng v cui lng m bc hi cng gim v tc sy cng gim dn. u im: vt liu
sy lc ra khi thit b sy c nhit cao nn kh hn.
- Sy i lu xui chiu: vt liu sy v tc nhn sy i cng chiu nhau. Vt liu ban u
c m ln tip xc vi tc nhn sy ban u c nhit cao, m nh nn bc hi
nhanh. u im: thit b n gin hn so vi sy ngc chiu. Nhc im: m cui
ca vt liu sy cn cao hn so vi sy ngc chiu.
Vy trng hp sy mc th chn phng php sy ngc chiu hiu qu nht.
Chn tc nhn sy: sn phm c tinh khit khng b bm bn ta s dng tc nhn
sy l khng kh nng.


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

CHNG II: TNH TON THIT K THIT B
2.1. CC THNG S BAN U:
2.1.1. Vt liu sy:
Nhit mc vo hm t
1
= 65
o
C
Nhit mc ra khi hm t
2
= 40
o
C
Khi lng ring ca mc
0
= 1200kg/

m ban u W
1
= 60% (kg m/kg vt liu t)
m sau khi sy W
2
= 20% (kg m/kg vt liu t)
Chiu di mc d = 36cm = 0,36m
Chiu rng mc R = 6cm = 0,06m
m cn bng W
cb
= 17 %

2.1.2. Chn ch sy v tc nhn sy:
Ta chn ch sy hm khng hon lu v tc nhn sy l khng kh nng i
ngc chiu vi vt liu sy. Thng s khng kh ngoi tri ta ly
26
0
C, v
= 75%.
Ta chn nhit tc nhn sy vo hm sy

0
C, nhit tc nhn sy ra khi hm sy
s b

0
C, khi lng ring ca mc: . Chng ta s kim tra li
thng s chn ny.


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

2.1.3. Tnh ton qu trnh sy l thuyt:

Tc nhn sy l khng kh. Cc thng s ng vi trng thi ca khng kh trong qu
trnh sy l:
Trng thi A: Trc khi vo Caloriphe
Nhit t
o
= 26
o
C, m tng i
o
= 75%. Tra trn th khng kh m ta
c:
P
o
= 17.5 mmHg
d
o
= 17 g/kgKKK
I
o
= 16,5 kcal/kgKKK
Trng thi B: trc khi vo hm sy
Chn nhit tc nhn sy trc khi vo hm sy t
1
= 65
o
C,
1
= 5%

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

d
1
= 8 g/kgKKK
P
1
= 9 mmHg
I
1
= 20 kcal/kgKKK
t
= 27
o
C
Trng thi C: sau khi ra khi hm sy
Chn nhit khng kh sau khi ra khi hm sy t
2
= 40
o
C,
2
= 65%
V I
2
= 27 kcal/kgKKK
P
2
= 34 mmHg
d
2
= 30 g/kgKKK

Cc thng s

Trng thi khng kh
A B C
t(
o
C) 26 65 40
d(g/kgKKK) 17 8 30
I(kJ/kgKKK) 16,5 20 27
P(mmHg) 17,5 9 34


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

2.2. TNH THI GIAN SY
Chn vn tc tc nhn sy V
k
= 3m/s
H s trao i m:
a
m
= 0,0229 + 0,0174.V
k

= 0,0229 + 0,0174.3 = 0,0751 (kg/m
2
.h.mmHg)
Cng m:
J
m
= a
m
.P

Vi
1
= P
b
P
1

2
= P
b
P
2
P
b
: p sut hi bo ha ti nhit t
= 27
o
C, Tra trn th khng kh m ta c:
P
b
= 35 mmHg
1
= 35 9 = 26 (mmHg)
2
= 35 34= 1 (mmHg)

= 7.5(mmHg)
Suy ra cng m J
m
= 0,0751 . 7,5 = 0.56(kg/m
2
.h)
Tc sy:
.J
m
.f =100.J
m
.

Trong :

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

f: b mt ring khi lng ca vt liu
o
= 1200 kg/m
3
: khi lng ring ca mc
R
v
=

= 3,57.10
-3
(m
3
/m
2
)
Vy:
N = 100. J
m
.
= 100. 0,56. 4,284= 13,07 (%/h)

m ca vt liu tnh theo vt liu kh:
m ban u:

m sau khi sy:

m cn bng ca mc W* = 17%
m ti hn: W
th
= W
1
/1,8 + W*
V m ti hn khng ph thuc vo m ban u ca vt liu nn khi p dng
cng thc trn ta phi chp nhn sai s.
W
th
= 150/1,8 + 17= 100,33
Thi gian sy ng tc:
()
Thi gian sy gim tc:

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

()
B qua giai on t nng vt liu (v rt ngn), ta tnh c thi gian sy:

() ()

2.3. CN BNG VT CHT:
2.3.1. Nng sut sy theo m:
Nng sut sy l sn lng thnh phm trong mt n v thi gian (vtg). Nng
sut c th l khi lng G (kg/vtg) hoc th tch V(m
3
/ vtg). Theo yu cu thit k,
nng sut vo ca hm l 1400 kg/ m. Nu gi
tng ng l khi lng v

m tng i ca vt liu sy i vo v i ra khi thit b sy th r rng lng m
bc hi trong thit b sy bng:

(kg/m)
Hay

Hay

Trong cng thc
c vit theo gi tr thc do khi lng

vt liu kh tuyt i trc v sau qu trnh sy khng i v bng nhau nn ta c:
(

)
)
Suy ra ta c:
(

)(
) (kg)
- Thay s vo cng thc trn nng sut sy trn mt m ta c:

1400.(1-0,6)/(1-0,2)=700 (kg kh/m)

- Lng m bc hi:

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

W=
= 1400 700 = 700 (kg m/m).

- Lng m tch ra trong 1h l:
W= (
)
= (1400.0,6) (700.0,2)/12=58,33 (kg/m.h)
- Lng khng kh kh tn tht:
L =
= 31.818,2 (kgkkk/h)
2.3.2. Xc nh kch thc hm sy:
- Xe gong: S dng xe gong c cc thng s sau:
Chiu di, chiu rng , chiu cao: (2,20-1,55-1,95)
Khay mc l khay li c cc thng s sau:
Chiu di, chiu rng, chiu cao: (2,16-1,50-2)
Khong cch gia 2 khay: 10cm = 0,01m.
Chiu cao ca mi khay: 2cm = 0,02m.
Chiu cao lm vic ca xe :
.
Xc nh s lng mc trn khay:
Mi con mc em vo sy c khi lng trung bnh: 0,125 kg.
S con mc em vo sy l : M=1400/0,125 = 11.200 con.
Mi con mc c chiu di TB khong 36cm= 0,36m.
Chiu rng trung bnh khong 6cm= 0,06m.
S con mc trn 1 khay :
2,16/0,36 =6
1,50/0,06=25
S con mc trn 1 khay:150 con.
S khay trn 1 xe: 15 khay.
S con mc trn 1 xe: 15x150 = 2.250 con
Khi lng mc trn 1 xe: 2.250 x 0.125 = 281,25 kg.
Tng s khay trn 1 m: 11.200/150 = 75 khay.
S xe goong cn cho 1 m sy:


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

- Tnh khi lng xe gong:
- Khi lng khung xe:
Cn 4 thanh ng 1,95m, 4 thanh ngang 2,20m, 4 thanh dc 1,55m. Cc thanh lm
bng thp vung CT
3
c kch thc 30x30x1,5mm
- Tit din ct ngang ca 1 thanh:
(0,03. 0,03) (0,0285. 0,0285) = 8,775.10
-5
(m
2
)
- Th tch thp CT
3
cn dng lm khung xe:
8,775.10
-5
. (4.1,95+ 4.2,2 +4.1,55) = 2.10
-3
(m
3
)
- Khi lng ring thp CT
3
:
CT3
= 7,85.10
3
kg/m
3

- Khi lng khung xe:
7,85.10
3
. 2.10
-3
= 15,7(kg)
- Khi lng bnh xe gong:
Bnh xe gong c ng knh 70mm = 0,07m, nng 2kg/bnh.
Mi bnh cn 2 bi (0,5kg/) v mt ming cao su chu va p (0,02kg/ming).
- Vy khi lng bnh xe gong l:
2 + 2. 0,5 + 0,02 = 3,02 (kg).
- Khi lng khay:
Khung khay lm bng thp vung CT
3
kch thc 15x15x2mm
- Tit din ngang khung khay:
(0,015.0,015) (0,013.0,013) = 5,6.10
-5
(m
2
).
Khung c 2 thanh di 2,16m; 2 thanh ngang 1,50m

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

- Th tch thp CT
3
cn cho mt khay:
5,6.10
-5
.(2. 2,16 + 2. 1,50) = 40,99.10
-5
(m
3
).
- Khi lng thp cho mt khay:
7,85.10
3
. 40,99.10
-5
= 3,21 (kg).
Mi khay c tm li y, kch thc l 20x20mm, lm bng thp khng g,
kch thc tm li 2,16x1,50m ; khi lng 1,2kg/tm.
- Khi lng mt khay:
G
k
= 3,21 + 1,2 = 4,41 (kg).
- Tng khi lng khay trn mt xe:
4,41 . 15 = 66.15 (kg)
- Khi lng mt xe gong cha mc:
G
x
= 15,7+3,02+66,15 = 84,87 (kg)
- Khi lng xe gong c ch mc:
84,87 + 281,25 = 366,12(kg)
- Hm sy:
- Chiu di hm sy:
L
h
= n
x
.l
x
+ L
1
+ L
2

Vi L
1
, L
2
l khong trng hai u hm, thng ly L
1
+ L
2
= 0,5l
x
= 0,5 . 2,2 =1,1m
L
h
= 5.2,2 + 1,1 = 12,1 (m)
- Chiu rng hm sy:

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

xe goong di chuyn d dng khong cch gia tng vi xe v gia cc xe
goong vi nhau l 5cm = 0,05m.
B
h
= b
x
+ 2. 0,05 = 1,55+ 2 . 0,05 = 1,65 (m)
- Chiu cao hm sy:
Khong cch t xe goong ln tng lng ca bung sy l 0,1m;
Chiu cao ca hm sy l:
H
h
= h
x
+ 0,1= 1,95 + 0,1 = 2,05 (m) [5]
Hm sy c sy bng gch c chiu dy
1
= 0,3m, 2 lp h va mi lp dy
2
=
3
= 0,025m ph 2 bn lp gch .
- Chiu rng ph b ca hm:
B = B
h
+ 2.(
1
+ 2
2
) = 1,65 + 2.(0,3 + 2.0,025) = 2.35 (m) [5]
Trn hm sy c lp b tng thng dy
3
= 0,4m
- Chiu cao ph b ca hm:
H = H
h
+
3
= 2,05 + 0,4 = 2,45 (m) [5]
- Hm sy gm 2 ca vo v ra, mi ca gm 3 lp:
2 lp pha ngoi ca lm bng thp c b dy o
1
= o
3
= 2mm = 0,002m.
1 lp gia lm bng bng thy tinh cch nhit b dy o
2
= 70mm = 0,07m.
- Chiu di ph b ca hm:
L = L
h
+ 2.(
2
+ 2
1
) = 12,1 + 2.(0,07 + 2.0,002) = 12,24 (m)
- Th tch hm sy:
V = L
h
.B
h
.H
h
= 12,1x1,65x2,05 = 40,92 (m
3
)

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

2.4. CN BNG NNG LNG:
Tnh ton nhit cho hm sy
Chng ta tnh tng nhit lng cn tiu tn trong qu trnh sy:
2.4.1. Nhit lng c ch bc hi 1kg m:

Trong :
i
2
= r + C
pa
.t
2
entanpi
C
pa
: nhit dung ring ca hi nc: C
pa
= 1,842kJ/kg
r = 2500kJ/kg nhit m ha hi
t
2
: nhit ca tc nhn sy khi i ra t
2
= 40
o
C
u
1
: nhit ca nc u
1
= 25
0
C
C
a
: nhit dung ring ca nc C
a
= 4,18kJ/kg.
q
1
= (2500 + 1,842. 40 ) 4,18.25 = 2469,2 (kJ/kgm).
Nhit lng cn thit bc hi W kg m trong 1 gi s l:
Q
1
= W . q
1
= 700 . 2469,2 = 1.728.426 (kJ/h)
2.4.2. Tn tht nhit do vt liu sy mang i:
Ta c Cng thc : Q
v
=

(

)(kJ)
Trong

: khi lng vt liu sy ra

: l nhit dung ring ca vt liu sy, (kJ/kg.K)
Nhit dung ring ca mc bin i theo nhit , nhng bin i khng ng k. Ta chn
nhit dung ring ca mc tng ng vi nhit dung ring ca c gy. Tra trong bng ta
c

kJ/kg.K

: nhit vo ca vt liu sy, thng thng ly bng nhit ca mi trng :

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

0
C.

: nhit ra ca vt liu sy, nhit ra khi hm sy ca vt liu sy theo kinh
nghim ly nh hn nhit tc nhn sy cng v tr t 110
0
C.

=

(110
0
C)= 40 5 = 35
0
C.
Thay vo CT: Q
v
=

(

) (kJ)
Ta c:Q
v
= 700. 3,62. ( 35 - 26 ) = 22.806 (kJ)
Vit cho 1kg m th:
q
v
=

=

= 390,98 (kJ/ kg m)
2.4.3. Tn tht nhit do khay sy mang i
Khi lng mi khay : G
k
= 4,41 kg, nhit dung ring C
k
= 0,5kJ/kg.
Nhit ca khay lc vo hm sy: t
k1
= 26
o
C.
Nhit ca khay khi ra khi hm sy: t
k2
= 40
o
C.
S xe gong: n
x
= 5 xe
S khay trong 1 xe gong: s = 15 khay
Nhit tn tht do khay sy:
)

( )
)

2.4.4. Tn tht nhit ra mi trng xung quanh
a. Tn tht qua hai tng bn (Q
T
):
Nhit tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh bao gm:
o Nhit tn tht qua tng: q
t

o Nhit tn tht qua trn hm sy: q
tr

o Nhit tn tht qua nn: q
n

o Nhit tn tht qua ca: q
c

Nh vy:
q
mt
= q
t
+ q
tr
+ q
n
+ q
c


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

Nhit tn tht qua tng
Gi thit nhit ca tc nhn sy thay i theo khng gian, khng thay i theo
thi gian, tc l truyn nhit bin nhit n nh.
H s truyn nhit K
t
:

vi:
: h s cp nhit t tc nhn sy n tng nhm (W/m

2
.).
h s cp nhit t mt ngoi tng hm sy ra mi trng (W/m

2
.).
: b dy lp gch v lp h va (m).
: h s dn nhit ca gch, lp va trt tng.
= 0,75 W/mK,
= 1 W/mK.

Tnh o
1
:
Cn c lng khng kh l thuyt v kt cu khay ta gi thit trc tc tc nhn
sy trong hm sy V = 1,2m/s
H s cp nhit t trong hm n mt trong ca tng
Vi gi thit V = 1.2 m/s, o
1
c tnh nh sau:
o
1
= 6,15 + 4,17. V [1]
= 6,15 + 4,17 . 1,2 = 11,15(W/m
2
)
Dng nhit do tc nhn truyn cho mt trong ca tng sy bng
q
1
= o
1
.(t
1
t
T1
)

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

t
1
: nhit trung bnh trong hm sy
t
1
=
= 52,5
0
C
t
T1
: nhit mt tng trong hm sy
Gi s t
1
v t
T1
lch nhau 3,5
o
C
t
T1
= 52,5 3,5 = 49
o
C
ta c:
q
1
= 11,15.(52,5 49) = 39,02 W/m
2
Tnh o
2
:
Bit nhit phng t thit b t
2
= 30
o
C v chn nhit mt ngoi tng hm sy t
T2
=
41
0
C. Ta tm c nhit chnh lch gia mt tng ngoi v mi trng l:
t
T2
t
2
= 41 30 = 11
0
C
Nhit trung bnh khng kh gn ngoi mt tng l:
t
m
=
2
30 41+
= 35,5
0
C
T nhit ny ta tm c cc thng s ca kh:

| =
m
T
1
=
5 , 35 273
1
+
=
5 , 308
1

Ta c:
= 2,65. 10
-2
(W/m)
v = 15,8. 10
-6
(m
2
/s)
Pr= 0,7

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

Gr=
2
3
. . .
v
t l g A |
=
= 6,28.10
9
Trong :
g: gia tc t do; g = 9,81 m/s
| h s trn
At: Hiu nhit tng v mi trng; At = 11
0
C
v: nht ng hc
l: kch tht hm; l = 1,65 m
Tiu chun Nusselt trong truyn nhit i lu bng:
N
U
= C.(G
r
.P
r
)
n

= 0,135(5,7.10
9
.0,7)
1/3
= 214
V h s cp nhit o
2
bng
T
2
o =
l
N
U
.
=

= 3,44(W/m
2
)
Nh vy dng nhit truyn t mt ngoi tng hm sy vo mi trng bng:
q
2
= o
2
. At
2
= 3,44.11 = 37,84 (W/m
2
)
Sai s gia dng nhit truyn t hm sy ra tng v t mt ngoi tng ra mi
trng:
Aq% = % 100 .
1
2 1
q
q q
=
.100% = 3,02%.
Sai s ny nh hn 5% (l sai s cho php) cho chng ta xem kt qu trn l tin cy.
Khi c o
2
; o
2
;
1
1
o
ta thay vo tnh h s truyn nhit k:

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

)
Tn tht qua hai tng bn l:
Q
T
= 3,6 . K
T
. F
T
. At
= 3,6 . 1,21. F
T
.(65 - 40)= (kJ/h)
F
T
= 2(H
h
.B
h
+ H
h
.L
h
) = 2(2,05.1,65+2,05.12,1) = 56,375 (m
2
).
Q
T
= 3,6 . 1,21. 56,375 .(65 - 40) = 6.139,3(kJ/h)
hay:
q
T
=
=
700
3 , 6139
= 8,77( kJ/kg m)
Tn tht nhit qua trn:
Qu trnh cp nhit qua trn c tnh ton ging nh cp nhit qua tng, ch khc
y l tng nm ngang. Trn hm sy gm 1 lp b tng thng dy
v h
s dn nhit
W/mK

Tr
2
o = 1,3
T
2
o
= 1,3 . 3,44 ~ 4,472 (W/m
2
)
Do :


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

)

Vy:
Q
Tr
= 3,6 . K
Tr
. F
Tr
. At
Q
Tr
= 3,6 . 1,99 . 19,97. (52,5 - 30) = 3.218,96 (kJ/h)
Vi F
Tr
= L
h
.B
h
= 12,1.1,65 = 19,97 (m
2
)
Hay:
Q
Tr
=
700
96 , 3218
=
W
Q
= 4,599 (kJ/Kg m)
Trong :
F
tr
: din tch trn
At: chch lch nhit trung bnh trong trn v phng sy

Tn tht nhit qua ca:
Hm sy gm 2 ca vo v ra, mi ca gm 3 lp:
2 lp pha ngoi ca lm bng thp c b dy o
1
= o
3
= 2mm = 0,002m, h s dn
nhit
thp
= 0,5W/m
1 lp gia lm bng bng thy tinh cch nhit b dy o
2
= 70mm = 0,07m, h s
dn nhit
b
= 0,035W/m.

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

H s truyn nhit qua ca:

o
2
, o
2
ly bng gi tr h s cp nhit trong trng hp tnh ton vi tng.
)
Ca c chiu rng 1,1m; chiu cao 1,25m. Hm sy c 2 ca. Din tch tt c cc
ca ca hm sy:
F
C
= 2.1,1.1,25 = 2,75 (m
2
)
l hiu s nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn

sy v khng kh ngoi hm sy
Q
C
= 3,6 . K
C
. F
C
. At
()
q
c =
W
Q
C
=
700
187 , 110
=
0,16 (kJ/kg m)
Tn tht nhit qua nn:
Cng thc thc nghim tnh nhit tn tht qua nn:

Vi F
n
l din tch nn.

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

: tn tht ring ca 1m
2
nn, ph thuc vo nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn sy v v tr
t hm sy trong phn xng.
t
tb
(
o
C)
(W/m
2
)
40 24,5
60 34,2
T gi tr trong bng trn ta ni suy ti t
tb
= 52,5
o
C th
= 30,6 (W/m
2
)
Tnh c:
)
Vy tn tht nhit ra mi trng xung quanh:
q
mt
= q
t
+ q
tr
+ q
c
+ q
n
= 8,77 + 4,599 + 0,16 + 3,14 = 16,669 (kJ/kgkkm)
Lng nhit tn tht chung:
q
E
= q
v
+ q
k
+ q
mt

= 390,98 + 0,17 + 16,669 = 407,819 (kJ/h)
Ta tnh c nhit lng b sung thc t:
A = C
a
.u
1
q
v
q
k
q
mt
= 4,18.25 390,98 0,17 16,669 = - 303,319 (kJ/kg)
2.5. TNH TON QU TRNH SY THC
Ta c:H
2
= H
1
+ (d'
2
d
1
)
vi: d'
2
l hm m ca khng kh sau khi ra khi hm sy ca qu trnh sy thc.
H l entanpy ca khng kh m c tnh theo cng thc sau:
H = h
k
+ x.h
a


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

h
k
, h
a
: entanpy ca 1kg khng kh kh v ca 1kg hi nc.
h
k
= C
pk
.t
h
a
= r + C
pa
.t

( ) ( )

(
)
C
pk
, C
pa
, r: nhit dung ring ca khng kh kh, ca hi nc v n nhit ha hi.
C
pk
= 1,004 kJ/kg.K
C
pa
= 1,842 kJ/kg.K
r = 2500 kJ/kg
Cc thng s ca qu trnh sy thc: I
2
= C
pk
.t
2
+ d
2
.(r + C
pa
.t
2
)
= 1,004.40 + 0,026.(2500 + 1,842.40) = 107,08 (kJ/kgkkk).
Ta c:
d
2
= 26g/kgkkk
I
2
= 107,08 kJ/kgkkk = 25,57 kcal/kgkkk
Lng khng kh cn thit bc hi 1 kg m trong qu trnh sy thc:

()
Lng khng kh kh cn trong qu trnh sy thc:
L = W.l = 700 . 111,11 = 77.777 (kgkkk/h).

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

Tnh ton lp bng cn bng nhit:
Lng nhit tiu hao q:
q = l(I
1
I
o
) = 111,11. (83,72 69) = 1635,54 (kJ/kg m).
Tn tht nhit do tc nhn sy mang i:
q
2tn
= l.C
TNS
.(t
2
t
o
) [1]
C
TNS
= C
pk
+ C
pa
.d
o

= 1,004 + 1,842 . 0,017 = 1,0353 (kJ/kg.K).
Tnh c:
q
2tn
= 111,11 . 1,0353 . (40 26) = 1610,45 (kJ/kg m).
Tng lng nhit c ch v cc tn tht:
q = q
1
+ q
2tn
+ q
E
= 2469,2 + 1610,45 + 407,819 = 4487,47(kJ/kg m).
Theo nguyn tc cn bng nhit th q = q, nhng do sai s trong qu trnh tnh ton
nn q q q

=
|
=
| |

= 1,74 < 5%
Sai s chp nhn c.
Ta c bng sau:
TT i lng K hiu kJ/kgm %

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

1 Nhit lng c ch q
1
2487,4 63,3
2 Tn tht nhit do tc nhn sy q
2tn
1218,13 31
3 Tn tht nhit do vt liu sy mang i q
2
84,4 2,15
4 Tn tht nhit do khay sy mang i q
k
10,37 0,3
5 Tn tht nhit ra mi trng xung quanh q
mt
127,594 3,25
6 Tng nhit lng tnh ton q 3927,89 100
7 Tng nhit lng tiu hao q 3940,94

CHNG III: TNH V CHN THIT B PH
3.1. Tnh v chn Caloripher:
Caloripher l thit b dng t nng khng kh trc khi a khng kh vo hm
sy. Trong k thut sy thng dng 2 loi caloripher: caloripher kh hi v caloripher
kh khi. y, ta sy mc bng hm sy vi nhit tc nhn sy khng qu 120
0
C
nn ta chn loi caloripher kh hi.
Caloripher kh hi l thit b trao i nhit c vch ngn. Trong ng l hi bo ha
ngng t. Ngoi ng l khng kh chuyn ng, Do h s trao i nhit kh ngng ca hi
nc
rt ln so vi h s trao i nhit i lu gia mt ngoi ca ng vi khng kh


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

. V vy, pha khng kh thng c lm cnh tng cng truyn nhit. Hi nc

trong ng c p sut 1,46at, nhit bo ha ca nc l t
s
= 110
0
C.
chnh lch nhit trung bnh
= t
s
- t
0
= 110 26 = 84
0
C
= t
s
- t
0
= 110 65 = 45
0
C
Vi t
0
, t
1
l nhit khng kh vo v ra khi caloripher
C t
tb
0
484 , 62
45
84
ln
45 84
=
= A
Nhit lng cn cung cp cho caloripher trong 1 gi:
Q = L.(H
1
- H
0
)= 77777.(20 16,5) = 272219,5 (kJ/h)
Q = 75616,5 (W).
Caloripher c ng lm bng thp c:
- H s dn nhit K m W
thep
.. / 55 =
- ng knh trong d
1
= 48mm = 0,048m
- ng knh ngoi d
2
= 50mm = 0,05m
- Chiu di ng l =1,5m.
- Bc ng ngang s
1
= 0,3m
- Bc ng dc s
2
= 0,2m.
Cnh lm bng ng c:
- H s dn nhit K m W
c
.. / 55 = .
- ng knh cnh m d
c
055 , 0 = .

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

- Chiu dy mi cnh
c
= 1mm = 0,001m
- Khong cch gia 2 cnh t = 40mm = 0,04m.
Chiu dy vch ng:
(
) ( ) ()
Bc cnh :
s
c
= t +
c
= 0,04 + 0,001 = 0,041 (m).
Chiu cao cnh:
h = 0,5 (d
c
d
2
) = 0,5 (0,055 0,05) = 0,0025 (m).
S cnh trn 1 ng :
n
c
=
()
Ta c:

D c th tnh h truyn nhit qua ng ng vi b mt khng lm cnh F
1
theo
cng thc tnh h s truyn nhit qua vch phng:

Vi:
: h s ta nhit ca hi nc trong ng, W/m

2
.

: h s ta nhit ca ton b b mt ngoi ca vch c cnh, W/m

2
.
: h s lm cnh.
Ta chn loi cnh l cnh trn trn ng nn p dng cng thc sau:

= 1 +
= 1,1334
Tnh

Ta chn loi ng xp so le:

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

Nu
f
= 0,251.Re
0,67
(

Tiu chun Reynold tnh theo tc ti khe hp qua cnh
v ng knh tng d
E
:

Vi
: din tch cnh ca 1 ng, m

2
.
) (
: din tch mt ngoi ng pha khng lm cnh, m

2
.
= d
2
.t. n
c
= .0,05.0,04.37 = 0,2324 (m
2
).
d
E
=
= 0,0457
d
E
= 0,0457 (m).
Chn vn tc dng kh vo caloripher l 35,508 m/s, tc ti khe hp qua cnh:
) / ( 63 , 42
041 , 0 . 3 , 0
001 , 0 . 0025 , 0 . 2
3 , 0
05 , 0
1
508 , 35
2
1
1 1
2
max
s m
s s
h
s
d
c
c
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
o
e
e
Cc thng s vt l , ly theo nhit trung bnh ca khng kh bn ngoi ng.
Nhit trung bnh ca khng kh ngoi ng:

C
t t
t
tb
0 1 0
5 , 45
2
65 26
2
=
+
=
+
=

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

H s dn nhit ph thuc vo nhit c tnh theo cng thc : kk
C

0,0201 122

=
(W/m.)
: h s dn nhit ca kh 0
0
C
T : nhit tuyt i ca khng kh
0
K
C: hng s ph thuc vo loi kh
T= 45,5+273 = 318,5
= 0,0201.(
) (
= 0,01858 (W/mK)
=1,858.10
-2
W/mK.
:
= k.

10
-3
Khi lng ring ca mt cht kh bt k:

Trong : M = 29, P = 1,

1.
= 17,56.10
-6

= 17,56.10
-6
m
2
/s.
. 10 . 109 , 1
10 . 56 , 17
0457 , 0 . 63 , 42
Re
5
6
= =


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

( ) 708 , 293 1
04 , 0
05 , 0 3 , 0
05 , 0
05 , 0 3 , 0
10 . 109 , 1 . 251 , 0
2 , 0 2 , 0
67 , 0
5
= |
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=

f
Nu

( ). / 4 , 119
0457 , 0
10 . 858 , 1 . 708 , 293
2
2
m W
c
= =

o

Tnh
2
:
( ) k q o o + =
c
c
c
F
F
1
2
1
2
.
1
1
0
c
F
F
= k
Vi
c
o : h s ta nhit t b mt cnh ti khng kh, W/m
2

1
2
F : din tch ton b mt ngoi ng.
1 1
0
1
2 c
F F F + = = 0,2324+ 0,0523 = 0,2847 (m
2
)
c
q : hiu sut cnh, xc nh nh sau:
899 , 39
001 , 0 . 150
4 , 119 . 2 2
= = =
c c
c
o
o
|
h | = | .h = 39,899. 0,0025= 0,0997

Tra trn th 2-31 ng vi loi cnh trn, ta c:
c
q = 0,77
444 , 4
0523 , 0
2324 , 0
= = k

( ) 444 , 4 77 , 0
2847 , 0
0523 , 0
. 4 , 119
2
+ = o = 114,364 (W/m
2
.)
Tnh
1
:
4
1
2 3
1
. 725 , 0
d t
r

o
A
=

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

Cc thng s ca nc ngng t:
r = 2234 kJ/kg.
. / 951
. / 685 , 0
. / . 10 . 56 , 2
3
2 4
m kg
mK W
m s N
=
=
=

t A : chnh lch nhit gia hi trong ng v vch ng. V ta cha bit nhit vch nn
chn t A = 0,35
0
C.
= =

4
4
2 3
1
048 , 0 . 10 . 56 , 2 . 35 , 0
951 . 685 , 0 . 1000 . 2234
. 725 , 0 o 14291,56 (W/m
2
.)

1334 , 1 . 364 , 114
1
55
001 , 0
56 , 14291
1
1
1
+ +
=
F
K = 128,1557 (W/m
2
.)
Kim tra li chnh lch nhit = 0,55
0
C.
q
1
= K
F1
. t
tb
= 128,1557.62,484 = 8007,68(W/m
3
)
| |

Gi s v chnh lch nhit trn c th chp nhn c.
Din tch b mt trong ca cc ng:
)
Tng s ng trong caloripher:

()
m = 6: s ng trong mi hng.
S hng ng:

SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

()
Kch thc caloriphe:
b = m.s
1
= 6.0,3 = 1,8 (m).
c = z.s
2
= 7.0,2 = 1,4 (m).
Tr lc ca caloriphe:

= 1,06825 kg/m
3
khi lng ring ca khng kh tra nhit t = 52,5
0
C.
h s tr khng.

(

)

= 0,0582

).
Cha tnh
3.2. Chn qut:
Lu lng qut:
V = 5m/s
Th tch khng kh m iu kin tiu chun (t
0
= 26, P
0
= 760mmHg)
V
0
=

Vi:
: khi lng ring ca khng kh kh iu kin tiu chun

1,293 kg/m
3


SVTH: Nguyn Th Thy

V
0
=
60152,4 (m
3
/h)
Ct p ton phn m qut phi thc hin:

+
+

+

+

Vi

= 50mm
: tr lc qua Caloripher
= 0 : tr lc qua ng ng dn

= 30mm
: tr lc qua thit b sy

= 0 : tr lc qua thit b lc bi
= 40mm
: p sut ng ca kh thot
= 50 + 30 + 40 + 120 mm

Vy tng cng sut ca qut:
N = k.
= 1,1.
= 47,91 (KW)

Do An Ham Say HC Thuy

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Do An Ham Say HC Thuy

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B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP.HCM

= 100. 0,56. 4,284= 13,07 (%/h)

tng ng l khi lng v

c vit theo gi tr thc do khi lng

1400.(1-0,6)/(1-0,2)=700 (kg kh/m)

= 1400 700 = 700 (kg m/m).

: h s cp nhit t tc nhn sy n tng nhm (W/m

h s cp nhit t mt ngoi tng hm sy ra mi trng (W/m

: h s dn nhit ca gch, lp va trt tng.

l hiu s nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn

rt ln so vi h s trao i nhit i lu gia mt ngoi ca ng vi khng kh

. V vy, pha khng kh thng c lm cnh tng cng truyn nhit. Hi nc

: h s ta nhit ca hi nc trong ng, W/m

: h s ta nhit ca ton b b mt ngoi ca vch c cnh, W/m

: din tch cnh ca 1 ng, m

: din tch mt ngoi ng pha khng lm cnh, m

: khi lng ring ca khng kh kh iu kin tiu chun

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