4/29/2014

UNIVERZITET U BEOGRADU
GRAEVINSKI FAKULTET

URBANA DRENAA
KOLSKA 2013/2014

ZEMLJITE

Predmetni profesor:
Doc. Dr Milo Stani, dipl. gra. in.

Beograd, 2014

(,,)
()
()

: ()

4/29/2014

(,
)
,:
(2 64mm)
(0.05 2mm)
(0.002 0.05mm)
(<0.002mm)
()
()
()

(
)

4/29/2014

()

,
,

4/29/2014

.


.

(D>0.0075),

.

4/29/2014

D<0.0075 mm Stokes-
v

24 / Re , Re 1
v
( s 1) d 2

18

3.5
C F 18.5 / Re , 1 Re 500 Laminarno
0.44
Re 500 d<0.1mm
,

Kriva mehanikog sastava zemljita

Zastupljenost (%)

ljunak

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100

10

Pesak

2.0

0.05

0.1

Praina

0.01

0.002

Glina

0.001

0.0001

D (mm)

4/29/2014

d 60
d10

:u<5
:5<u<15
:u>15
,d10 d20
.
d10 def.

d 2 30
d 60 d10
: 1<Cc <3iu>5
:

Cc

:
,

:
,

,
(
,)

4/29/2014

(,)

Ms
Vs

Vp
V0

100 (%)

M
Vo

s
(
105110oC)

Ms
V0

p (1 d s ) 100

(%)

4/29/2014

Vp
V0

V0 Vs
V
M /V
1 s 1 s 0 1 d / s
V0
V0
M s / Vs

Vp
Vs

Vp
V0 V p

V p / V0
1 V p / V0

p
1 p

e
1 e

zmax

M s M wmax M s wV p

d w p
V0
V0

:
s =26002700kg/m3
,,
:
z =10001800kg/m3

z >1500kg/m3: ,

4/29/2014

2x2x2=8
radius = 4r

p 1

0.476

16 r

8 x 8 x 8 = 512

4 x 4 x 4 = 64

radius = r

radius = 2r

16 r

16 r

01,
10.5
:

DR

e emin
emax emin

4/29/2014

rs Rs ( 2 1)

:
)

p (8 R 3
e

B)

C)

4 3
R ) /(8 R 3 ) 0.476
3

p
0.910
1 p

3 3 4 3
3 3
R R ) /(8
R ) 0.395
2
3
2
e 0.654
p (8

2 3 4 3
2 3
R R ) /(8
R ) 0.260
2
3
2
e 0.350
p (8

10

4/29/2014

Vw
Vo

max p
Va

Vw
Vp

Vw

Vo

Vp=Va+Vw

Vs

S p

.

105110C

.
.1
()

100%
105C

3050bar (3000 5000kPa)

11

4/29/2014

.
.2

.
,
,

6.25bar

15bar,

.


(
)

max

t (dani)

12

4/29/2014

0 bar

0.33 bar

6.25 bar
15 bar
30 bar

(:5 10%,:20%)

V K f

13

4/29/2014

()

:

()

Decreasing Infiltration

14

4/29/2014

h22 h12

h2 h1

r
ln 2
k r1

Qp

r
ln 2
2kb r1
Qp

Bulk Density
(Mg/m3)

Porosity
(%)

Hydraulic Conductivity
(cm/s)

Sand

1.55

42

1.2 x 10-1 to 2.0 x 10-3

Loam

1.20

55

1.7 x 10-4 to 1.7 x 10-7

Clay

1.05

60

2.5 x 10-9 to 1.0 x 10-9

Textural Class

15