Image and Video Compression

Communication Systems
EECE 453
Hassan Mansour
Image Compression
Most popular techniques:
Color subsampling
Transform Coding (JPEG, JPEG2000,)
Fractal Coding
Available Compression standards:
JPEG, JPEG2000, JPEG-LS, JBIG, JBIG2 (ISO)
GIF, PNG, TIFF, BMP, WMP,
JPEG compression
DCT(x-128)
Quantization
JPEG
file
Entropy Coding
Zig-Zag Scan
JPEG quality per compression ratio
Original Compressed to 12%
Compressed to 6%
Compressed to 2%
Video Compression (MPEG)
Started with MPEG-1/H.261 (1991, video CD)
MPEG-2 was launched in 1994 and became
the standard for DVDs.
Finally, MPEG-4 was introduced in 1998.
MPEG-4 ISO is based on H.263
MPEG-4/AVC is the new H.264 standard used in
HD-DVD and Blu-ray Disc.
Both MPEG-4 ISO and H.264/AVC are used for
mobile video.
Basic Compression Algorithm
Picture N Picture N+1 Difference
-Encode picture N as JPEG
-Perform Motion Estimation/Compensation on picture N+1 using picture N
-Encode the difference as JPEG
Motion Estimation /
Compensation :
Decoding example
+
Residual
Signal
Motion-
Compensated
Decoded
Signal
Video Compression Reference
http://mia.ece.uic.edu/~papers/WWW/Mul
timediaStandards/chapter7.pdf