Nhng vn xung quanh CPU (Phn 2)

Tags: Pentium III, Pentium II, Celeron II, Intel Celeron, nhng vn , b x l, bus h thng,ngi s
!ng, t" , m#$ t%nh, th&ng tin, mt s, s'n xut, xung (u)nh, CP*
Trn th trng my tnh hin nay, c rt nhiu dng CPU ang c !y n r"ng r#i$
%hng nh&ng " '( )* c+a ,nt-) ./n c .0 )u1n d/n 2u . c1ng ngh .! d3anh 45 n$
Ch6ng ta h#y c7ng i 48u t9m hi:u cc dng CPU d3 ,nt-) 4;n 'ut : <h2n n!3 i=t c t>i
4a3 ,nt-) )>i th!nh c1ng =n .?y@
Nhng vn xung quanh CPU - Phn 1
Trc tin, mi cc bn tip tc lm quen vi mt s thut ng thng
dng trong th gii CPU ngy nay:
Bus: ng truyn din t d truyn d liu gia cc b phn trong my
tnh. Khi d cp ti CPU, bus hay bus h thng (system bus) m ch mi
lin kt gia CPU hay b nh vi cc thnh phn khc ca PC.
Megahertz (Mhz): S do tc d tnh ton ca CPU. Mt megahertz cho
mt triu chu trnh x l trong mt giy.
Cache: Vng nh m CPU dng d lu cc phn ca chong trnh, cc
ti liu sp doc s dng. Khi cn, CPU s tm thng tin trn cache trc
khi tm trn b nh chnh.
Cache 1: Integrated cache (cache tch hop) - cache doc hop nht
ngay trn CPU. Cache tch hop tng tc d CPU do thng tin truyn dn
v truyn di t cache nhanh hon l phi chy qua bus h thng. Cc nh
ch to thng goi cache ny l on-die cache. Cache L1 - cache chnh
ca CPU. CPU trc ht tm thng tin cn thit cache ny.
Cache !: Cache th cp. Thng tin tip tc doc tm trn cache L2 nu
khng tm thy trn cache L1. Cache L2 c tc d thp hon cache L1 v
cao hon tc d ca cc chip nh (memory chip). Trong mt s trng
hop (nh Pentium Pro), cache L2 cng l cache tch hop.
MM" (Mu#t$%e&$a 'xtens$(ns): Tp gm 57 lnh multimedia do Intel
pht trin nm 1997. Mc dch chnh ca MMX l nng cao hiu qu x l
cc lnh lp v m thanh, hnh nh v d hoa. My dt doc diu ny
phn no do mt dng lnh don c th x l dng thi mt s mc d
liu.
)*M+ ()$ng#e *nstruct$(n, Mu#t$-#e +ata): Phong php x l thng
tin, cho php mt lnh x l mt s mc d liu dng thi. Cc tp lnh
MMX, 3DNow! v SSE doc xy dung xoay quanh khi nim ny.
)(c.et / C(nnect(r: cm hnh ch nht nm trn bo mch chnh
dng d cm CPU vo. Trc dy, cc chip Pentium v AMD dng thit
k ny, sau d n doc thay dn bi thit k Slot 1.
)#(t 1: Khe cm di v mnh nm trn bo mch chnh. N dng d cm
card cha CPU vo bo mch chnh. Card cha CPU gm c CPU v cache
L2. Thit k ny dng cho b x l Pentium II nhm tng tc d ca
cache L2.
)#(t !: Cng l khe cm dng d cm card CPU (gm CPU v cache L2)
vo bo mch chnh. Khc vi thit k Slot 1, thit k Slot 2 cho php CPU
giao tip vi cache L2 tc d ca b x l.
Trong qu trnh tr thnh mt g khng l trong linh vuc sn xut CPU
cho my vi tnh, chng ta c th k ra 3 dng sn phm chnh d l Intel
Celeron, Intel Pentium v Intel Core. Phn ny chng ti xin doc ni v
hai dng sn phm du l Intel Celeron v Intel Pentium d gip dc gi
c con mt tng quan nht v cc dng CPU ca Intel.
*nte# Ce#er(n #0 g12 N3 c3 thu4c #(5$ Pent$u%2
Celeron thuc vo lp con ca Pentium II. Chng cng mc phi nhng
vn d lich s. Intel gii thiu chip Celeron vi mc dch hnh thnh thi
trng PC gi r (di 1.000 USD). Cng ty d h gi chip bng cch b
qua cache L2, do vy tc d chip ny cn thp hon c Pentium MMX
233MHz. Cc nh sn xut, gii bo ch v ngi tiu dng du dnh gi
thp loi chip ny.
Intel d xem xt li Celeron, ci tin n thnh Celeron II v b sung
128K cache L2. Kt qu l hiu nng ca CPU tng dng k do cache L2
c tc d bng tc d CPU. Cc th nghim cho thy, chip Celeron
300MHz vi cache L2 128K chy ngang vi chip Pentium II c 512K
cache L2 gn ring.
Chip dng Celeron
Tip tc, Intel cho ra di nhng chip Celeron c tc d ngy cng cao, t
300MHz ln 333MHz, 366MHz, 400MHz v 433MHz. Do c Celeron v
Celeron II du c tc d 300MHz nn d ny sinh su nhm ln. Cho d
Intel d ngng sn xut chip Celeron nguyn thy, nhng chng vn
xut hin trong sn phm ca mt s nh phn phi. Nu bn ch c kh
nng mua my tnh dng Celeron 300MHz th hy lua chip ci tin 300A.
6$7% .h8c 9$:t g$a Pent$u% *** v0 c8c CPU Pent$u% th; h:
tr<=c:
Theo Intel, chip Pentium III c nhiu ci tin nhng ch yu tp trung
vo kh nng x l nh ba chiu, nhn dng ting ni, cht long pht
video (dt tc d 30 khung hnh/giy) v tc d truy cp Internet. Tuy
nhin, nhng ha hen ny cn phi c thi gian kim chng. Hai vt cn
ln trn con dng pht trin ca Intel l: su cn thit c cc phn mm
mi v tc d kt ni Internet ca ngi dng.
Mt chip Pentium III
Intel d b sung 70 lnh mi vo tp lnh ca Pentium III. Do mt lnh
don trong tp lnh c th x l dng thi mt s mc d liu, nn Intel
goi l SSE (Streaming Single Instruction, Multiple Data [SIMD]
Extension). Khi cc nh pht trin phn mm vit chong trnh
multimedia, nhng lnh ny s gp phn ci thin vic x l nh, pht
video v nhn dng ting ni.
Nhng diu kin khch quan cng c th hn ch kh nng ca Pentium
III trong truy cp Internet. Theo l thuyt, Pentium III hin thi nh ba
chiu tht hon, chiu video tt hon, tuy nhin ngi s dng ch c doc
cc loi th ny khi kt ni truc tip Internet vi tc d truyn d liu t
nht l 1,5 Mb. Mt modem thng thng tc d 56,6 Kb/s ni qua
dng din thoi s kh tn dng doc u th ca Pentium III.
Cc h thng Pentium III du tin trn thi trng doc trang bi 512K
cache L2, bus h thng 100MHz v tc d CPU l 450 hay 500MHz.
Pentium III 550MHz doc da ra vo qu II nm 1999.
C>u chu?:n CPU "e(n c@a *nte#
Xeon bt du su nghip ca n khi cn l lp con ca Pentium II. Ngy
nay, Intel d xp Xeon vo lp Pentium III. Cng nh Pentium Pro, Xeon
doc thit k dnh cho server v cc trm lm vic trung v cao cp. V
vy ngi dng my tnh thng thng khng phi bn tm nhiu v loi
chip ny.
Chip Xeon ca Intel
Vy ti sao khi mua my tnh vn phi cn nhc d l Pentium III hay
Celeron II? Phi chng v chng cho php ai d thu thp thng tin c
nhn ca ngi dng qua Internet? Dng nh cu hi trn mun d cp
ti tnh nng gy tranh ci m Intel goi l Processor Serial Number
(PSN). Intel cng b s da PSN vo tt c cc chip Celeron II, Pentium
II v Xeon. Ngay sau d cng ty nhn doc su phn di kich lit t pha
ngi dng v cc nhm quan st.
Vi dinh tro gip ngi qun tri mng v cc doanh nghip c hot
dng kinh doanh trn Internet, PSN cho php kim tra danh dinh ca
my tnh, hay rng hon l cho php tp hop thng tin v ngi s dng.
Rt nhiu ngi lo ngi rng nhng t chc v c nhn phi php c th
xy dung cc Web site v s dng PSN d thu thp thng tin v hot
dng ca khch thm Internet.
Nhm trnh nhng phn ng d di t pha ngi dng, Intel cng b l
s da ra phn mm cho php tt tnh nng PSN khi khi dng v sau d
nu mun th c th bt tr li t Control Panel trong Windows. Tuy
nhin, nhng ngi phn di PSN khng "khoi" lm gii php ny.
Trc ht, ho ni rng nn dt trng thi mc dinh ca ID (Identification
- danh dinh) l tt. V nu phn mm Intel da ra khng chy hay thuc
thi khng hop l, dinh danh PSN s bi dnh cp m ngi s dng khng
bit. Hon na, d vic loi b PSN c hiu luc th phn mm phi c kh
nng chng su quy ri.
Hin nay, ln sng phn di PSN vn cha hon ton lng xung. Tuy
nhin, nh sn xut my tnh IBM cng b rng ho s v hiu ha tnh
nng ID trong cc chip Pentium III. Mt s nh ch to khc cng da ra
bin php h tro tong tu - loi b tnh nng ID bng chong trnh ci
trong BIOS...
MA$ c8c 95n 3n Bc Phn *** v0( thC D tun sau (ng0?
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