I HC QUC GIA TP.

H CH MINH TRNG I HC BCH KHOA KHOA KHOA HC V K THUT MY TNH

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ti:

GRID RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

GV: SV:

TS. Phm Trn V Nguyn Phan Thin Bch 09070421 Trn Minh Hng Nguyn Mnh Tun 10070481 10070504

TP. H CH MINH THNG 06/2011

MC LC
1 2 Grid Resource Management ........................................................................ 3 Hierarchical Model ...................................................................................... 5 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 Cc thnh phn th ng: bao gm ........................................................ 5 Cc thnh phn tch cc: bao gm.......................................................... 6 Tng tc gia cc thnh phn:.............................................................. 6

M hnh Abstract Owner ............................................................................. 7 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Cu trc tng qut ca m hnh AO : ..................................................... 8 Ti nguyn trong Grid : ........................................................................ 10 m phn vi mt AO: ........................................................................ 11 Job Shops ............................................................................................. 12 Tm tt ................................................................................................ 12

M hnh Computational Market/Economy ................................................. 13 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Grid Resource Broker (Mi gii ti nguyn mng li - GRB) ............ 14 Grid Middleware Services (Dch v trung gian tnh ton li) ............. 15 Grid service providers (Dch v cung cp tnh ton li) ..................... 16 Cc m hnh mua bn resource ............................................................ 17 Danh sch mt vi h thng grid p dng m hnh Economy / Market . 18 Mt s nh gi: .................................................................................. 19

Ti liu tham kho ............................................................................................ 20

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Grid Resource Management

S pht trin ngy cng ph bin ca Internet, cng vi nng lc tnh ton ca my tnh ngy cng mnh v mng tc cao cng nh cc thit b c chi ph ngy cng thp ang thay i cch tnh ton v s dng my tnh. Cc ti nguyn trong Grid, thng c phn b theo v tr a l khc nhau, cn c lin kt vi nhau gii quyt cc bi ton quy m ln (large-scale problems) v cn phi c mt chin lc qun l chng mt cch hiu qu. Qun l ti nguyn trong Grid l kh nng tm kim, m phn v cp pht vic s dng cc ti nguyn c chia s trong mi trng mng. Ti nguyn y khng ch c hiu theo ngha hp nh mt thc th vt l, chng hn: my tnh, mng hoc h thng lu tr, m l tt c cc thnh phn c th c chia s v khai thc trong mi trng mng, bao gm cc thc th ni trn v cc thnh phn khc nh phn mm, dch v, con ngi, tri thc,

V d mt c s h tng Grid

Vy qun l ti nguyn trong Grid c nhng im g khc vi qun l ti nguyn trong cc h thng truyn thng? Trong cc h thng truyn thng, cc ti nguyn c phn b cc b, ta c ton quyn kim sot chng, v vy cc c ch v chnh sch s dng hiu qu cc ti nguyn l do ta quyt nh. Tuy nhin ti nguyn trong Grid c phn tn v c qun l bi cc t chc khc nhau, c cc chnh sch qun l khc nhau, v vy c nhiu vn phc tp pht sinh trong vic lin kt cc ti nguyn ny. Di y l mt s tnh hung qun l ti nguyn a dng c th xy ra: Task submission: ti nguyn nhn thc hin mt tc v c th, v d, thc thi mt chng trnh, di chuyn mt tp tin, hoc thc hin mt truy vn c s d liu . y l loi tha thun qun l ti nguyn n gin nht, trong nh cung cp ch cam kt thc hin tc v m khng nht thit phi cam kt khi no tc v s bt u v kt thc, bao nhiu tc v m ti nguyn c th chp nhn ti thi im , bao nhiu tc v c th thm vo trong tng lai, ...

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Workload management: th t thc hin cc tc v trong task submission c th c m rng bng cch thm vo dch v gn tc v vi mc kh nng (level of capacity), chng hn nh b vi x l trn mt my tnh, cc lun x l hay b nh trong mt my ch, bng thng mng, hay khng gian a trn h thng lu tr. Workload management cho php khch hng khng ch kim sot nhng cng vic s c thc hin m cn theo di vic chng c thc hin nh th no. Mc kh nng c th xc nh thng qua thi gian quay vng tc v ti a, thi gian quay vng trung bnh, thng lng tc v On-demand access: kh nng ti nguyn lun c sn ti mt thi im xc nh, hoc trong mt khong thi gian xc nh. Loi qun l ti nguyn ny c bit quan trng cho cc ng dng trc tuyn, chng hn nh teleoperation trong NEESgrid. Coscheduling: tp hp cc ti nguyn c sn ng thi bng cch phi hp cc tha thun theo yu cu gia cc ti nguyn cn thit. S dng loi qun l ny cho cc dch v truyn d liu (cc h thng lu tr u cui phi phi hp cng vi bng thng mng), hoc phn phi cc tnh ton song song (nhiu ti nguyn tnh ton c sn cng thi im). Resource brokering: mt dch v mi gii hot ng nh thnh phn trung gian n tp cc ti nguyn v nh x cc tc v vo cc ti nguyn thch hp da trn cc chnh sch mi gii c th. Mt trong nhng chnh sch ny l ti a ho s tc v c thc thi.

Tm li, qun l ti nguyn Grid khng ch m bo vic thc thi tc v m cn m bo cht lng ca vic thc thi ny (quality of service). H thng qun l ti nguyn Grid khng th m bo cht lng dch v m khng c s hp tc gia cc ti nguyn ang c qun l. Nguyn nhn l cc ti nguyn thng khng ch thuc v mt t chc o m c chia s gia nhiu t chc o vi nhau hoc l gia ngi dng trong Grid v ngi dng khng thuc Grid. Mt dch v quan trng m h thng qun l ti nguyn Grid cn cung cp cho ngi dng l dch v t ch ti nguyn: kh nng yu cu ti nguyn trc khi a tc v vo thc hin. s dng ti nguyn mt cch hiu qu, h thng qun l ti nguyn cn quan tm n cc vn sau: li nhun, tit kim nng lng, chi ph qun l, tnh cng bng trong vic cp pht ti nguyn. Nhm gii quyt cc vn ny, h thng cn phi thc hin cc cng vic sau: lp k hoch s dng ti nguyn, trin khai, gim st v nh gi hiu qu s dng ti nguyn. Hin nay c nhiu hng tip cn khc nhau pht trin h thng qun l ti nguyn Grid. Vic la chn m hnh kin trc qun l ti nguyn ph hp ng mt vai tr ln n hiu qu ca vic s dng cc ti nguyn. Di y s gii thiu ba m hnh kin trc khc nhau cho vic qun l ti nguyn li: Hierarchical Model, Abstract Owner Model v Computational Market/Economy Model

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M hnh

c trng M hnh c p dng ph bin trong cc h thng hin ti.

Cc h thng Globus, Legion, Ninf, NetSolve

Hierarchical Qun l ti nguyn theo c ch phn cp v lp lch s dng cc ti nguyn Abstract Owner p dng m hnh yu cu v chuyn giao (order and delivery model) trong vic chia s ti nguyn hng n hiu qu v chi ph, b qua c s h tng hin c tp trung vo mc tiu di hn.

Expected to emerge

Economy / Market

p dng m hnh kinh t trong vic pht hin v lp k Nimrod/G, JaWS, hoch s dng resource (resource discovery and scheduling). Myriposa, S dng kt hp c hai m hnh hierarchical v abstract JavaMarket owner models. Ba m hnh cho Kin trc qun l ti nguyn Grid

Hierarchical Model

M hnh ny c a ra trong cuc hp ln 2 ca Grid Forum vo thng 11 nm 1999. Cc thnh phn chnh ca kin trc ny c chia thnh hai loi: cc thnh phn th ng (passive components) v cc thnh phn tch cc (active component). 2.1 Cc thnh phn th ng: bao gm Resources (Ti nguyn) l nhng th c th c s dng trong mt khong thi gian, v c th hoc khng th c gia hn s dng, ch s hu ti nguyn c th yu cu ngi s dng tr ph khi s dng ti nguyn. Ti nguyn c th c chia s hoc khng, c th c t tn r rng, hoc c m t dng thng s. Tasks (Tc v) l i tng trc tip s dng ti nguyn. Jobs (Cng vic) l cc thc th c th bc, c th c cu trc quy. Mt cng vic c th bao gm nhiu cng vic con hoc cc tc v, cc cng vic con ny c th gm nhiu cng vic con khc. Cng vic n gin nht l cng vic ch bao gm mt tc v. Schedules l nhng nh x ca cc task vo cc resource theo thi gian.

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Cc thnh phn th ng ca m hnh Hierarchical 2.2 Cc thnh phn tch cc: bao gm Users (ngi s dng) gi jobs n Resource Management System. Job Control Agents chu trch nhim qun l mt job trong h thng, c th hot ng nh l mt proxy cho user v nh l mt im kim sot lin tc cho job. Nhim v ca cc job control agent l phi hp gia cc thnh phn khc nhau trong resource management system, v d nh phi hp gia cc monitors v schedulers. Admission Control Agents xc nh xem h thng c th phc v thm jobs, v ra quyt nh t chi hoc tr hon jobs khi h thng c bo ha. Information Services hot ng nh c s d liu cung cp cc thng tin v cc thnh phn cn quan tm ca h thng qun l ti nguyn nh resources, jobs, schedulers, agents, ... Schedulers tnh ton mt hoc nhiu schedules cho cc danh sch jobs c a vo h thng, l thuc vo cc rng buc c quy nh ti thi gian chy. Chng cn c gi l metaschedulers hoc super schedulers, khng th trc tip cp pht ti nguyn. Deployment Agents thc thi schedules bng cch m phn vi cc domain control agents c c resource v bt u thc hin task. Domain Control Agents c th cp php s dng resource, c th gi l local resource manager. Domain control agents c th cung cp thng tin trng thi ca resource thng qua vic a n Information Service hoc tr li truy vn trc tip.Ngoi ra n cn h tr thm chc nng reservation. Mt s cc domain control agent thc t c th k ra nh Maui Scheduler, Globus GRAM v Legion Host Object. Monitors theo di tin trnh thc hin ca job. Monitors ly thng tin trng thi ca job t cc task thuc v job v t Domain Control Agents ni cc task ang chy. Cn c vo cc thng tin ny, Monitor c th thc hin outcalls n Job Control Agent v Schedulers thc hin nh x li job.

Vic phn bit cc thnh phn trn trong h thng ch mang tnh tng i, v d trong thc t schedulers c th ng thi thc hin cc cng vic ca deployment agents hoc monitors. 2.3 Tng tc gia cc thnh phn: Di y ta xem xt mt v d v s tng tc gia cc thnh phn nu trn: User gi job n job control agent, v job control agent k tip gi admission agent. Admission agent xem xt cc nhu cu resource ca job (ly thng tin cc resource t grid information system) v xc nh h thng c an ton khi thm job vo khng gian lm vic hin ti ca h thng hay khng. Nu tha mn, Admission agent chuyn job n mt Scheduler, ti y s thc hin resource discovery bng cch s dng grid information system

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v sau lin lc vi cc domain control agents xc nh trng thi hin ti v tnh sn sng ca cc resources. Scheduler tnh ton mt tp hp cc nh x cc task vo cc resource v gi nhng nh x cho deployment agent. Deployment agent thng lng vi domain control agents cho cc resource ghi trong schedule, v t trc vic s dng cc resources. Thng tin ny c chuyn n cc job control agents. Vo thi im thch hp, cc job control agents lm vic vi mt deployment agent khc v cc deployment agent phi hp vi cc domain control agents thch hp bt u thc hin task. Monitor theo di tin trnh thc hin job v c th quyt nh reschedule nu hiu sut thp hn d kin.

M hnh th bc cho qun l ti nguyn li.

V d trn l mt trong nhng cch cc thnh phn ca h thng hp tc vi nhau. Khi trin khai, c th cn c vo tnh hung c th m c th b bt mt s thnh phn hoc kt hp nhiu thnh phn thnh mt thnh phn chung.

M hnh Abstract Owner

M hnh Abstract Owner c a ra nh mt m hnh l tng nhm tru tng ha cc ti nguyn trong Grid. c th hiu tng ca vic xut ra m hnh AO, ta xem xt v d s dng dch v internet ADSL dnh cho c nhn. Ai s l ngi s hu nhng ti nguyn

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nh ng truyn, cp, router, ? Thc t ngi dng khng cn phi quan tm n vic ny. iu h cn bit l c mt i tng no cung cp dch v, v h s tha thun vi i tng s dng dch v. Tr li vi m hnh AO, trong m hnh ny, mi mt ti nguyn trong grid s c i din bi mt hoc nhiu s hu tru tng abstract owners. Ti nguyn ny v ln c th ch l mt b x l hay l c mt h thng grid. Vi nhng ti nguyn phc hp, th s hu tru tng ny chnh xc s lm cng vic ca mt mi gii (broker) trong grid m phn ti nguyn vi nhng s hu tru tng khc; ngi s dng ti nguyn (grid user) s ch cn bit mt knh giao tip duy nht l vi s hu tru tng cung cp ti nguyn m h cn m khng cn quan tm ti nguyn c t chc nh th no. Cc phn tip theo ca mc ny s miu t chi tit hn v s hu tru tng, ti nguyn, phng thc m ngi s dng ti nguyn s m phn vi s hu tru tng s dng ti nguyn, cch thc ngi s dng s dng ti nguyn. K t phn ny tr i, ngi s dng ti nguyn s c gi l client (c th l mt chng trnh my tnh s dng ti nguyn hoc cng c th l con ngi). S hu tru tng c gi l abstract owner (AO) trnh nhm ln. 3.1 Cu trc tng qut ca m hnh AO : M hnh ca mt AO tng t nh c cu ca mt ca hng thc n nhanh: c mt u vo nhn t hng ca khch hng v mt u ra tr kt qu. yu cu s dng mt ti nguyn no , client s dng Order Window (ca s t hng) thc hin vic m phn vi AO. Qu trnh m phn nhm xc nh khong thi gian m client c th s dng c ti nguyn, hay chi ph s dng ti nguyn Sau khi qu trnh m phn kt thc, client c th thc hin vic t hng ti nguyn hoc hy b qu trnh m phn do iu kin m AO a ra khng tha mn vi yu cu ca client (VD: chi ph cao, khng tha mn thi im s dng ti nguyn). Nu vic t hng c thc hin th sau client c th nhn ti nguyn t AO thng qua Pickup Window (ca s giao hng). Vic nhn ti nguyn c thc hin bng nhng giao thc c tha thun trc gia client v AO chng hn nh client c th n v nhn ti nguyn vo mt thi im nh trc, hoc AO phi pht thng ip thng bo cho client bit khi m ti nguyn sn sng. Cc giao thc ny s c xc nh trong qu trnh m phn.

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Qu trnh m phn gia client v AO c miu t qua lu sau:

Qu trnh m phn v nhn ti nguyn Nh vy, cc ca s Order v Pickup l cc interface ca AO client c th access v thc hin cc bc t hng cng nh nhn v ti nguyn. Cc ca s ny phi h tr nhng giao thc chun client c th trao i thng tin. Cc lung thng tin trao i gia client v AO thng thng khng i hi lng d liu ln, do vic ti u ha hiu nng truyn nhn khng tht s cn thit. y, ta c th s dng nhng phng thc iu khin t xa nh CORBA, RPC, RMI, hin thc. Khi nim ti nguyn trong m hnh ny s c xem nh l mt i tng, vi cc thuc tnh, cc phng thc v gi tr nh danh i tng ti nguyn. Thuc tnh ca ti nguyn cho php client c th ty bin ti nguyn cn phng thc ca ti nguyn c s dng khi to cng nh iu khin ti nguyn . Thng thng, cc thuc tnh ca ti nguyn s c gn trong qu trnh t hng v s c truy vn (ch c) sau khi ti nguyn c chuyn giao. Nhn t bn ngoi, mt AO s c cu trc chnh l 2 interface Order Window v Pickup Window nh cp trn, d AO l trc tip iu khin ti nguyn hay l mt broker s dng nhng ngun ti nguyn khc. Tuy nhin, vi gc nhn t bn trong, cu trc ca mt AO s c phn khc bit ty theo AO trc tip qun l ti nguyn hay l broker. Nu AO trc tip qun l ti nguyn th cu trc kh n gin, n cn c them mt b qun l ti nguyn (Resource Manager) c chc nng m phn vi client, iu phi ti nguyn v giao ti nguyn cho client s dng.

AO trc tip s hu ti nguyn

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Trong trng hp AO l mt broker, ngha l AO cn s dng ti nguyn ca cc AO khc cung cp th ngoi thnh phn Manager, AO cn c thm 2 thnh phn na: Sale Representative: Giao tip vi cc Order Window ca cc AO khc m phn xin s dng ti nguyn Delivery Representative: Giao tip vi cc Pickup Window ca cc AO khc nhn ti nguyn.

AO l mt broker 3.2 Ti nguyn trong Grid : Trong m hnh AO, cc ngun ti nguyn c chia lm 3 loi: Instrument, Channel v Complex. Instrument: Ti nguyn instrument c nh ngha l mt ti nguyn hin hu ti mt v tr hoc trong mt khong thi gian m ti nguyn to ra, tiu th hoc chuyn ti d liu, thng tin. Ti nguyn instrument c chia ra lm 3 loi: Compute Instrument: bao gm cc b x l n hoc a x l vi b nh v cc c ch lu tr tng ng. Archival Instrument: bao gm cc i tng lu tr thng tin m n v nh nht l file. Personal Instrument: bao gm cc interface m cn c s tham gia trc tip ca con ngi

Channel: Ti nguyn dng Channel l cc ti nguyn nhm phc v vic truyn ti d liu hoc thng tin gia hai hay nhiu instrument gia nhng a im khc nhau hay cng mt a im nhng thi im khc nhau. Mt Channel kt ni ti mt Instrument thng qua khi nim cng (port) trn instrument. Complex: Ti nguyn dng Complex n thun l tp hp nhng ti nguyn Instrument c kt ni vi nhau bi cc Channel.

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3.3 m phn vi mt AO: Khi thc hin m phn vi AO, client trc tin s to ra mt i tng ti nguyn mu vi cu trc thch hp v gn cho cc thuc tnh ca i tng ny: Mt gi tr xc nh. Gi tr cho bit thuc tnh khng cn thit (dont care value). Gi tr i din bi tn bin. Cc gi tr c gn bi tn bin s c tham chiu bi bng gi tr. Ngoi ra, client cng c th t thm cc rng buc c bn ln cc bin.

Gi tr xc nh (constrant) c client gn vo thuc tnh gi n AO khi client yu cu ti nguyn vi nhng thuc tnh c nh. Gi tr dont care ch nhng thuc tnh m i vi client l khng quan trng. Cn nhng gi tr bin l nhng gi tr m phn. AO sau khi nhn c i tng ti nguyn mu s tr v li cho client vi nhng thuc tnh bin c gn gi tr, l nhng gi tr m AO c th p ng cho client. AO c th gn cho nhng thuc tnh ny gi tr c th m phn (negotiable), khi AO s cung cp mt tp cc gi tr m AO c th p ng cho thuc tnh . Cn c vo client s chn. Khi thuc tnh c chn gi tr th n s tr thnh hng s. Mt cch tng qut th mt yu cu t client gi n AO s dng ti nguyn s bao gm: Cc thuc tnh ca i tng ti nguyn mu Cc rng buc trn cc thuc tnh Kiu m phn (Negotiation style), bao gm: Immediate: AO cung cp ti nguyn cho client ngay lp tc Pending: AO cn m phn thm ly thng tin cho ti nguyn Confirmation: AO v client m phn xong v sn sang cung cp ti nguyn theo kt qu phin m phn Cancel: Hy b kt qu ca phin m phn.

Phng thc nhn ti nguyn (Pickup Approach), nh AO s thng bo cho client khi ti nguyn sn sang, hay client s kt ni n AO nhn ti nguyn vo mt thi im nh trc. Chng thc: dung chng thc trong trng hp yu cu Chi ph chp nhn s dng ti nguyn (Bid): chi ph cao nht m client c th chp nhn s dng ti nguyn. nh danh ca phin m phn (Negotiation ID): s dng nh mt session ID xc nh khi ti nguyn sn sang. Khi client nhn ti nguyn t AO, client s phi cung cp nh danh ca phin m phn nhn ti nguyn.

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3.4 Job Shops Trong m hnh AO va c cp trn, mi AO thng l mt i din ca mt ti nguyn ring r, do so vi cc m hnh khc, AO cha c c chc nng phn chia cng vic vi nhng tc v ln. Khi nim Job Shop c a ra gii quyt vn ny.

Job Shob Job Shop nhn vo mt tc v phc hp v nhim v ca n l phn chia tc v ny thnh nhng tc v con nh hn v ln lch thc hin nhng tc v ny (Job Scheduling). Job Shop c 2 thnh phn chnh: Estimator, c nhim v: Nhn tc v t client, xc nh khong thi gian sm nht tc v c th c hon thnh. Giao tip vi cc AO yu cu ti nguyn Ln lch thc hin cc tc v nh khi m ti nguyn sn sang t cc AO.

Executor, c nhim v: Nhn ti nguyn t cc AO Chun b mi trng cn thit thc hin cc tc v nh Khi ng cc tc v nh khi ti nguyn sn sang v thu thp kt qu Dn dp v gii phng ti nguyn khi tc v kt thc Tr kt qu cui cng v cho client.

3.5 Tm tt
M hnh ngh AO c trnh by trong bi bo ch mc l mt m hnh xut, n cn rt nhiu khim khuyt cn c khc phc trc khi c th tr thnh mt m hnh Grid trn thc t. Mt trong nhng khim khuyt ny l m hnh cha a ra c cch thc mt client khi cn s dng ti nguyn c th tm kim ra ngun ti nguyn hin ang c qun l bi AO no.

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M hnh Computational Market/Economy

Ti nguyn trn mi trng tnh ton li nm trn nhiu vng a l khc nhau, mi thnh phn c b phn qun l ti nguyn ring, cc quy nh ring ca n, v c th ly gi khc nhau cho cc nhu cu khc nhau t th trng tnh ton. Thc t i hi phi c mt m hnh hng th trng nhng t chc s hu ti nguyn c th ti a ha li nhun, ng thi gip ngi dng gim thiu chi ph m vn t c kt qu nh mong i. M hnh ny phi c cc cng c v dch v gip ngi dng nh ngha ra cht lng dch v h cn; gip pha qun l ti nguyn c kh nng thch ng cao vi nhng thay i theo tng thi im. M hnh dng ny mang c hai m hnh, phn cp v AO.

Mt s c th thc hin theo m hnh hng th trng Nhng thnh phn chnh: User Applications (sequential, parametric, parallel, or collaborative applications) Grid Resource Broker (mi gii ti nguyn li - Super/Global/Meta Scheduler) Grid Middleware Services Grid Service Providers

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4.1 Grid Resource Broker (Mi gii ti nguyn mng li - GRB)

GRB ng vai tr nh thnh phn trung gian gia ngi dng v cc ti nguyn li, da vo cc dch v middleware. Chu trch nhim: Pht hin ti nguyn, chn ti nguyn, kt ni cc phn mm ng dng, d liu v cc ti nguyn phn cng Khi ng cc qu trnh tnh ton, ph hp theo s thay i ti nguyn trn mng li, v trnh by mng lui vi ngi dnh nh mt th thng nht. Cc thnh phn khi ca mt resource broker gm: Job Control Agent (JCA): l thnh phn trung tm thng nht, chu trch nhim : Lun chuyn job i qua cc thnh phn ca h thng, Trng coi qu trnh lp lch, l n v thc hin to ra cc jobs, Theo di tnh trng ca mt job Giao tip vi khch hang/ngi dung , scheduler adviser, dispatcher Schedule Advisor (Scheduler): c trch nhim pht hin ti nguyn (da vo grid explorer), chn ti nguyn v phn task. Chc nng chnh ca n l chn cc ti nguyn khi vi yu cu ngi dng nh thoi mn vic cho ra kt qu ng thi hn v ti thiu ha chi ph tnh ton. Grid Explorer: c trch nhim pht hin ra cc ti nguyn bng cch giao tip vi gridinformation server (my ch cha thng tin dch v) v xc nh danh sch cc my tnh c xc thc, v theo di thng tin tnh trng ca ti nguyn. Trade manager (TM): lm vic theo hng ca thut ton chn ti nguyn xc nh chi ph s dng ti nguyn. Giao tip vi trade server v thng lng s dng cc dch v vi gi thp. N c th tm gi dch v t my ch thng tin dch v nu ch s hu ti nguyn c ng.

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Deployment Agent: trch nhim cho vic kch hot cc task trn nhng thnh phn ti nguyn c chn nh ch th ca Scheduler. N nh thi cp nht tnh trng thc hin task ti JCA

4.2 Grid Middleware Services (Dch v trung gian tnh ton li)

Grid Middleware Service cung cp cc dch v gip cho qu trnh kt ni gia ngi dng v cc ti nguyn t xa, thng qua mi gii ti nguyn (GRB) hoc cc ng dng c th chy trn grid. N cung cp cc dch v li nh qun l tin trnh t xa, phn b ti nguyn, truy cp d liu, thng tin, dch v an ton, chng thc, v cht lng dch v nh t trc dch v m bo s kh dng ca ti nguyn, v cho gi ti thiu chi ph. Cc thnh phn chnh ca Grid Middleware services l: Core services: bao gm remote process management, cp pht ti nguyn, truy xut d liu, dch v thng tin, bo mt, nh danh ngi dng. Quality of Service (QoS): m bo cht lng ti thiu cho cc dch v

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4.3 Grid service providers (Dch v cung cp tnh ton li)

Grid Service Provider ng vai tr ca cc nh cung cp dch v tnh ton li v (ch s hu ca cc ti nguyn). Ni cc GRBs v cc GSPs tha thun chi ph cho vic s dng ti nguyn m cc GSPs c l Grid Market Directory (GMD). Cc thnh phn ca mt GSP l: Local resource managers: Cc b qun l ti nguyn ni b c trch nhim qun l v lp lch tnh ton trn tt c cc ti nguyn ni b nh my trm hoc cluster. Chng c th c trch nhim cung cp truy cp ti thit b lu tr, c s d liu, v cc thit b khoa hc, nh knh vin vng Trade server (TS) l mt tc nhn qun l ti nguyn, m phn vi ngi dng v bn cc truy xut ti ti nguyn, hng ti vic vic x dng ti a ti nguyn v li nhun cho cc t chc s hu (kim nhiu tin nht c th) N thm d cc thut ton tnh gi nh ngha bi ngi dng trong qu trnh m phn. V hng h thng k ton ghi li s s dng ti nguyn Pricing algorithms/Methods: quyt nh gi cho cc dch v. N c th theo mt s quy nh khc nhau ti a ha li nhun. Cho php nhi dng thay i gi dch v theo thi gian Accounting system: c trch nhim ghi nhn li vic s dng ti nguyn v tnh chi ph cho ngi dng da vo b phn qun l ti nguyn gia ResourceBroker v trade server.

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4.4 Cc m hnh mua bn resource

C nhiu m hnh tha thun mua bn resource, m phng theo th gii tht: Commodity Market Model (th trng t do) Posted Price Model (nim yt gi khuyn mi) Bargaining Model (tha thun gi) Tendering/Contract-Net Model (u thu) Auction Model (u gi) Bid-based Proportional Resource Sharing Model (chia theo t l t cc) Community/Coalition/Bartering Model (c ng, gp vn) Monopoly and Oligopoly (c quyn / chim a s)

Chi tit v cc m hnh mua bn c trnh by bi nhm thuyt trnh v Grid Economy, nn phn ny ch lit k ngn gn cc chnh.

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4.5 Danh sch mt vi h thng grid p dng m hnh Economy / Market

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4.6 Mt s nh gi:
Cc dch v cung cp bi TradeServer c th truy xut t hoc cung cp bi cc Information server. Trong trng hp ny, mt Trade Manager hoc Broker c th truy xut trc tip vo Information server, Trade Manager c th dng gi c nim yt hoc mi nhng biu gi cnh tranh hoc u gi chn ra cc ti nguyn tha mn nhu cu ngi dng. T cc tho lun trn, c th thy c nhiu cch khc nhau xc nh hoc bit chi ph truy xut. S v d cung cp l mt trong nhng la chn c th thc hin cho m hnh hng th trng, v n c th khc nhau da vo giao thc trao i thng tin nh th gii thc. Nhng h thng li khc nhau c th theo nhiu nh hng khc nhau hot ng, v n s rt hu ch nu nhng h thng ny lin thng . S lin thng ny c th c pht trin t cc cng ng li hoc cc t chc chun ha nh GF v eGrid.

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Ti liu tham kho

1. Ian Foster, Carl Keselman, The GRID 2 Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure 2. Rajkumar Buyya, Steve Chapin, and David DiNucci, Architectural Models for Resource Management in the Grid, USA, 2000 3. Rajkumar Buyya, David Abramson, and Jonathan Giddy, An Economy Driven Resource Management Architecture for Global Computational Power Grids. 4. Rajkumar Buyya, David Abramson, Jonathan Giddy, and Heinz Stockinger, Economic Models for Resource Management and Scheduling in Grid Computing. 5. David Abramson, Rajkumar Buyya, Jon Giddy. School of Computer Science and Software Engineering. Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Nimrod/G GRID Resource Broker and Computational Economy. 6. Klaus Krauter1, Rajkumar Buyya and Muthucumaru Maheswaran. A taxonomy and survey of grid resource management systems for distributed computing.

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