2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

1
Chapter 15 - Class string and String
Stream Processing
Outline
15.1 Introduction
15.2 string Assignment and Concatenation
15.3 Comparing strings
15.4 Substrings
15.5 Swapping strings
15.6 string Characteristics
15.7 Finding Strings and Characters in a string
15.8 Replacing Characters in a string
15.9 Inserting Characters into a string
15.10 Conversion to C-Style char * Strings
15.11 Iterators
15.12 String Stream Processing
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2
15.1 Introduction
Template class basic_string
String manipulation (copying, searching, etc.)
typedef basic_string< char > string;
Also typedef for wchar_t
Include <string>
string initialization
string s1( "Hello" );
string s2( 8, 'x' );
8 'x' characters
string month = "March"
Implicitly calls constructor
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3
15.1 Introduction
No conversion from int or char
The following definitions are errors
string error1 = 'c';
string error2( 'u' );
string error3 = 22;
string error4( 8 );
However, can assign to one char if declared
s = 'n';
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4
15.1 Introduction
string features
Not necessarily null terminated
length member function: s1.length()
Use [] to access individual characters: s1[0]
0 to length-1
string not a pointer
Many member functions take start position and length
If length argument too large, max chosen
Stream extraction
cin >> stringObject;
getline( cin, s)
Delimited by newline
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5
15.2 string Assignment and Concatenation
Assignment
s2 = s1;
Makes a separate copy
s2.assign(s1);
Same as s2 = s1;
myString.assign(s, start, N);
Copies N characters from s, beginning at index start
Individual characters
s2[0] = s3[2];

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6
15.2 string Assignment and Concatenation
Range checking
s3.at( index );
Returns character at index
Can throw out_of_range exception
[] has no range checking
Concatenation
s3.append( "pet" );
s3 += "pet";
Both add "pet" to end of s3
s3.append( s1, start, N );
Appends N characters from s1, beginning at index start
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Outline
7
fig15_01.cpp
(1 of 3)


1 // Fig. 15.1: fig15_01.cpp
2 // Demonstrating string assignment and concatenation.
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 #include <string>
9
10 using std::string;
11
12 int main()
13 {
14 string string1( "cat" );
15 string string2;
16 string string3;
17
18 string2 = string1; // assign string1 to string2
19 string3.assign( string1 ); // assign string1 to string3
20 cout << "string1: " << string1 << "\nstring2: " << string2
21 << "\nstring3: " << string3 << "\n\n";
22

String initialization and
assignment.
Output
string1: cat
string2: cat
string3: cat
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Outline
8
fig15_01.cpp
(2 of 3)


23 // modify string2 and string3
24 string2[ 0 ] = string3[ 2 ] = 'r';
25
26 cout << "After modification of string2 and string3:\n"
27 << "string1: " << string1 << "\nstring2: " << string2
28 << "\nstring3: ";
29
30 // demonstrating member function at
31 for ( int i = 0; i < string3.length(); i++ )
32 cout << string3.at( i );
33
34 // declare string4 and string5
35 string string4( string1 + "apult" );
36 string string5;
37
38 // overloaded +=
39 string3 += "pet"; // create "carpet"
40 string1.append( "acomb" ); // create "catacomb"
41
42 // append subscript locations 4 through end of string1 to
43 // create string "comb" (string5 was initially empty)
44 string5.append( string1, 4, string1.length() );
45
46 cout << "\n\nAfter concatenation:\nstring1: " << string1
47 << "\nstring2: " << string2 << "\nstring3: "
48 << string3 << "\nstring4: " << string4
49 << "\nstring5: " << string5 << endl;
50

After modification of string2 and string3:
string1: cat
string2: rat
string3: car
Note use of member function
at instead of [].
After concatenation:
string1: catacomb
string2: rat
string3: carpet
string4: catapult
string5: comb
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Outline
9
fig15_01.cpp
(3 of 3)

fig15_01.cpp
output (1 of 1)


string1: cat
string2: cat
string3: cat

After modification of string2 and string3:
string1: cat
string2: rat
string3: car

After concatenation:
string1: catacomb
string2: rat
string3: carpet
string4: catapult
string5: comb

51 return 0;
52
53 } // end main

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10
15.3 Comparing strings
Overloaded operators
==, !=, <, >, <= and >=
Return bool
s1.compare(s2)
Returns positive if s1 lexicographically greater
Compares letter by letter
'B' lexicographically greater than 'A'
Returns negative if less, zero if equal
s1.compare(start, length, s2, start,
length)
Compare portions of s1 and s2
s1.compare(start, length, s2)
Compare portion of s1 with all of s2
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Outline
11
fig15_02.cpp
(1 of 4)


1 // Fig. 15.2: fig15_02.cpp
2 // Demonstrating string comparison capabilities.
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 #include <string>
9
10 using std::string;
11
12 int main()
13 {
14 string string1( "Testing the comparison functions." );
15 string string2( "Hello" );
16 string string3( "stinger" );
17 string string4( string2 );
18

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Outline
12
fig15_02.cpp
(2 of 4)


19 cout << "string1: " << string1 << "\nstring2: " << string2
20 << "\nstring3: " << string3 << "\nstring4: " << string4
21 << "\n\n";
22
23 // comparing string1 and string4
24 if ( string1 == string4 )
25 cout << "string1 == string4\n";
26 else { // string1 != string4
27 if ( string1 > string4 )
28 cout << "string1 > string4\n";
29 else // string1 < string4
30 cout << "string1 < string4\n";
31 }
32
33 // comparing string1 and string2
34 int result = string1.compare( string2 );
35
36 if ( result == 0 )
37 cout << "string1.compare( string2 ) == 0\n";
38 else // result != 0
39 if ( result > 0 )
40 cout << "string1.compare( string2 ) > 0\n";
41 else // result < 0
42 cout << "string1.compare( string2 ) < 0\n";
43

string1: Testing the comparison functions.
string2: Hello
string3: stinger
string4: Hello

string1 > string4
Note use of overloaded ==
operator.
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Outline
13
fig15_02.cpp
(3 of 4)


44 // comparing string1 (elements 2-5) and string3 (elements 0-5)
45 result = string1.compare( 2, 5, string3, 0, 5 );
46
47 if ( result == 0 )
48 cout << "string1.compare( 2, 5, string3, 0, 5 ) == 0\n";
49 else // result != 0
50 if ( result > 0 )
51 cout << "string1.compare( 2, 5, string3, 0, 5 ) > 0\n";
52 else // result < 0
53 cout << "string1.compare( 2, 5, string3, 0, 5 ) < 0\n";
54
55 // comparing string2 and string4
56 result = string4.compare( 0, string2.length(), string2 );
57
58 if ( result == 0 )
59 cout << "string4.compare( 0, string2.length(), "
60 << "string2 ) == 0" << endl;
61 else // result != 0
62 if ( result > 0 )
63 cout << "string4.compare( 0, string2.length(), "
64 << "string2 ) > 0" << endl;
65 else // result < 0
66 cout << "string4.compare( 0, string2.length(), "
67 << "string2 ) < 0" << endl;
68

Note use of compare.
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Outline
14
fig15_02.cpp
(4 of 4)

fig15_02.cpp
output (1 of 1)


69 // comparing string2 and string4
70 result = string2.compare( 0, 3, string4 );
71
72 if ( result == 0 )
73 cout << "string2.compare( 0, 3, string4 ) == 0" << endl;
74 else // result != 0
75 if ( result > 0 )
76 cout << "string2.compare( 0, 3, string4 ) > 0" << endl;
77 else // result < 0
78 cout << "string2.compare( 0, 3, string4 ) < 0" << endl;
79
80 return 0;
81
82 } // end main

string1: Testing the comparison functions.
string2: Hello
string3: stinger
string4: Hello

string1 > string4
string1.compare( string2 ) > 0
string1.compare( 2, 5, string3, 0, 5 ) == 0
string4.compare( 0, string2.length(), string2 ) == 0
string2.compare( 0, 3, string4 ) < 0

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15
15.4 Substrings
Function substr gets substring
s1.substr( start, N );
Gets N characters, beginning with index start
Returns substring

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Outline
16
fig15_03.cpp
(1 of 1)

fig15_03.cpp
output (1 of 1)


1 // Fig. 15.3: fig15_03.cpp
2 // Demonstrating string member function substr.
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 #include <string>
9
10 using std::string;
11
12 int main()
13 {
14 string string1( "The airplane landed on time." );
15
16 // retrieve substring "plane" which
17 // begins at subscript 7 and consists of 5 elements
18 cout << string1.substr( 7, 5 ) << endl;
19
20 return 0;
21
22 } // end main

plane

Note usage of substr.
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17
15.5 Swapping strings
s1.swap(s2);
Switch contents of two strings
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Outline
18
fig15_04.cpp
(1 of 1)


1 // Fig. 15.4: fig15_04.cpp
2 // Using the swap function to swap two strings.
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 #include <string>
9
10 using std::string;
11
12 int main()
13 {
14 string first( "one" );
15 string second( "two" );
16
17 // output strings
18 cout << "Before swap:\n first: " << first
19 << "\nsecond: " << second;
20
21 first.swap( second ); // swap strings
22
23 cout << "\n\nAfter swap:\n first: " << first
24 << "\nsecond: " << second << endl;
25
26 return 0;
27
28 } // end main

Call swap.
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Outline
19
fig15_04.cpp
output (1 of 1)


Before swap:
first: one
second: two

After swap:
first: two
second: one

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20
15.6 string Characteristics
Member functions
s1.size() and s1.length()
Number of characters in string
s1.capacity()
Number of elements that can be stored without reallocation
s1.max_size()
Maximum possible string size
s1.empty()
Returns true if empty
s1.resize(newlength)
Resizes string to newlength
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All rights reserved.
Outline
21
fig15_05.cpp
(1 of 3)


1 // Fig. 15.5: fig15_05.cpp
2 // Demonstrating member functions related to size and capacity.
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7 using std::cin;
8 using std::boolalpha;
9
10 #include <string>
11
12 using std::string;
13
14 void printStatistics( const string & );
15
16 int main()
17 {
18 string string1;
19
20 cout << "Statistics before input:\n" << boolalpha;
21 printStatistics( string1 );
22
23 // read in "tomato"
24 cout << "\n\nEnter a string: ";
25 cin >> string1; // delimited by whitespace
26 cout << "The string entered was: " << string1;

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Outline
22
fig15_05.cpp
(2 of 3)


27
28 cout << "\nStatistics after input:\n";
29 printStatistics( string1 );
30
31 // read in "soup"
32 cin >> string1; // delimited by whitespace
33 cout << "\n\nThe remaining string is: " << string1 << endl;
34 printStatistics( string1 );
35
36 // append 46 characters to string1
37 string1 += "1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890";
38 cout << "\n\nstring1 is now: " << string1 << endl;
39 printStatistics( string1 );
40
41 // add 10 elements to string1
42 string1.resize( string1.length() + 10 );
43 cout << "\n\nStats after resizing by (length + 10):\n";
44 printStatistics( string1 );
45
46 cout << endl;
47 return 0;
48
49 } // end main
50

Resize string.
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Outline
23
fig15_05.cpp
(3 of 3)

fig15_05.cpp
output (1 of 2)


51 // display string statistics
52 void printStatistics( const string &stringRef )
53 {
54 cout << "capacity: " << stringRef.capacity()
55 << "\nmax size: " << stringRef.max_size()
56 << "\nsize: " << stringRef.size()
57 << "\nlength: " << stringRef.length()
58 << "\nempty: " << stringRef.empty();
59
60 } // end printStatistics

Statistics before input:
capacity: 0
max size: 4294967293
size: 0
length: 0
empty: true

Enter a string: tomato soup
The string entered was: tomato
Statistics after input:
capacity: 31
max size: 4294967293
size: 6
length: 6
empty: false

Display various string
characteristics.
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Outline
24
fig15_05.cpp
output (2 of 2)


The remaining string is: soup
capacity: 31
max size: 4294967293
size: 4
length: 4
empty: false

string1 is now: soup1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890
capacity: 63
max size: 4294967293
size: 50
length: 50
empty: false

Stats after resizing by (length + 10):
capacity: 63
max size: 4294967293
size: 60
length: 60
empty: false
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
25
15.7 Finding Strings and Characters in a
string
Find functions
If found, index returned
If not found, string::npos returned
Public static constant in class string
s1.find( s2 )
s1.rfind( s2 )
Searches right-to-left
s1.find_first_of( s2 )
Returns first occurrence of any character in s2
s1.find_frist_of( "abcd" )
Returns index of first 'a', 'b', 'c' or 'd'
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26
15.7 Finding Strings and Characters in a
string
Find functions
s1.find_last_of( s2 )
Finds last occurrence of any character in s2
s1.find_first_not_of( s2 )
Finds first character NOT in s2
s1.find_last_not_of( s2 )
Finds last character NOT in s2
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Outline
27
fig15_06.cpp
(1 of 3)


1 // Fig. 15.6: fig15_06.cpp
2 // Demonstrating the string find member functions
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 #include <string>
9
10 using std::string;
11
12 int main()
13 {
14 string string1( "noon is 12 p.m." );
15 int location;
16
17 // find "is" at location 5
18 cout << "Original string:\n" << string1
19 << "\n\n(find) \"is\" was found at: "
20 << string1.find( "is" )
21 << "\n(rfind) \"is\" was found at: "
22 << string1.rfind( "is" );
23
24 // find 'o' at location 1
25 location = string1.find_first_of( "misop" );

Find first occurrence of m, i,
s, o or p.
Note call to function find.
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Outline
28
fig15_06.cpp
(2 of 3)


26
27 cout << "\n\n(find_first_of) found '" << string1[ location ]
28 << "' from the group \"misop\" at: "
29 << location;
30
31 // find 'm' at location 13
32 location = string1.find_last_of( "misop" );
33 cout << "\n\n(find_last_of) found '" << string1[ location ]
34 << "' from the group \"misop\" at: "
35 << location;
36
37 // find '1' at location 8
38 location = string1.find_first_not_of( "noi spm" );
39 cout << "\n\n(find_first_not_of) '" << string1[ location ]
40 << "' is not contained in \"noi spm\" and was found at:"
41 << location;
42
43 // find '.' at location 12
44 location = string1.find_first_not_of( "12noi spm" );
45 cout << "\n\n(find_first_not_of) '" << string1[ location ]
46 << "' is not contained in \"12noi spm\" and was "
47 << "found at:" << location << endl;

Calls to other find functions
similar.
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Outline
29
fig15_06.cpp
(3 of 3)

fig15_06.cpp
output (1 of 1)


48
49 // search for characters not in string1
50 location = string1.find_first_not_of( "noon is 12 p.m." );
51 cout << "\nfind_first_not_of(\"noon is 12 p.m.\")"
52 << " returned: " << location << endl;
53
54 return 0;
55
56 } // end main

Original string:
noon is 12 p.m.

(find) "is" was found at: 5
(rfind) "is" was found at: 5

(find_first_of) found 'o' from the group "misop" at: 1

(find_last_of) found 'm' from the group "misop" at: 13

(find_first_not_of) '1' is not contained in "noi spm" and was found at:8

(find_first_not_of) '.' is not contained in "12noi spm" and was found
at:12

find_first_not_of("noon is 12 p.m.") returned: -1
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30
15.8 Replacing Characters in a string
s1.erase( start )
Erase from index start to end of string, including start
Replace
s1.replace( begin, N, s2)
begin: index in s1 to start replacing
N: number of characters to replace
s2: replacement string
s1.replace( begin, N, s2, index, num )
index: element in s2 where replacement begins
num: number of elements to use when replacing
Replacement can overwrite characters
string::npos represents max string length
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All rights reserved.
Outline
31
fig15_07.cpp
(1 of 2)


1 // Fig. 15.7: fig15_07.cpp
2 // Demonstrating string member functions erase and replace.
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 #include <string>
9
10 using std::string;
11
12 int main()
13 {
14 // compiler concatenates all parts into one string
15 string string1( "The values in any left subtree"
16 "\nare less than the value in the"
17 "\nparent node and the values in"
18 "\nany right subtree are greater"
19 "\nthan the value in the parent node" );
20
21 cout << "Original string:\n" << string1 << endl << endl;
22
23 // remove all characters from (and including) location 62
24 // through the end of string1
25 string1.erase( 62 );
26

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Outline
32
fig15_07.cpp
(2 of 2)


27 // output new string
28 cout << "Original string after erase:\n" << string1
29 << "\n\nAfter first replacement:\n";
30
31 // replace all spaces with period
32 int position = string1.find( " " );
33
34 while ( position != string::npos ) {
35 string1.replace( position, 1, "." );
36 position = string1.find( " ", position + 1 );
37 } // end while
38
39 cout << string1 << "\n\nAfter second replacement:\n";
40
41 // replace all periods with two semicolons
42 // NOTE: this will overwrite characters
43 position = string1.find( "." );
44
45 while ( position != string::npos ) {
46 string1.replace( position, 2, "xxxxx;;yyy", 5, 2 );
47 position = string1.find( ".", position + 1 );
48 } // end while
49
50 cout << string1 << endl;
51 return 0;
52
53 } // end main

Find each space and replace
with a '.'
Start each search at the next
position.
Replace all '.' with two
semicolons (the two
characters at index 5).
string::npos represents
max string length.
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Outline
33
fig15_07.cpp
output (1 of 1)


Original string:
The values in any left subtree
are less than the value in the
parent node and the values in
any right subtree are greater
than the value in the parent node

Original string after erase:
The values in any left subtree
are less than the value in the


After first replacement:
The.values.in.any.left.subtree
are.less.than.the.value.in.the


After second replacement:
The;;alues;;n;;ny;;eft;;ubtree
are;;ess;;han;;he;;alue;;n;;he

2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
34
15.9 Inserting Characters into a string
s1.insert( index, s2 )
Inserts s2 before position index
s1.insert( index, s2, index2, N );
Inserts substring of s2 before position index
Substring is N characters, starting at index2
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All rights reserved.
Outline
35
fig15_08.cpp
(1 of 2)


1 // Fig. 15.8: fig15_08.cpp
2 // Demonstrating class string insert member functions.
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 #include <string>
9
10 using std::string;
11
12 int main()
13 {
14 string string1( "beginning end" );
15 string string2( "middle " );
16 string string3( "12345678" );
17 string string4( "xx" );
18
19 cout << "Initial strings:\nstring1: " << string1
20 << "\nstring2: " << string2 << "\nstring3: " << string3
21 << "\nstring4: " << string4 << "\n\n";
22
23 // insert "middle" at location 10 in string1
24 string1.insert( 10, string2 );
25

Insert all of string2 before
element 10.
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Outline
36
fig15_08.cpp
(2 of 2)

fig15_08.cpp
output (1 of 1)


26 // insert "xx" at location 3 in string3
27 string3.insert( 3, string4, 0, string::npos );
28
29 cout << "Strings after insert:\nstring1: " << string1
30 << "\nstring2: " << string2 << "\nstring3: " << string3
31 << "\nstring4: " << string4 << endl;
32
33 return 0;
34
35 } // end main

Initial strings:
string1: beginning end
string2: middle
string3: 12345678
string4: xx

Strings after insert:
string1: beginning middle end
string2: middle
string3: 123xx45678
string4: xx

Insert all of string4 before
index 3.
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
37
15.10 Conversion to C-Style char * Strings
Conversion functions
strings not necessarily null-terminated
s1.copy( ptr, N, index )
Copies N characters into the array ptr
Starts at location index
Need to null terminate
s1.c_str()
Returns const char *
Null terminated
s1.data()
Returns const char *
NOT null-terminated
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Outline
38
fig15_09.cpp
(1 of 2)


1 // Fig. 15.9: fig15_09.cpp
2 // Converting to C-style strings.
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 #include <string>
9
10 using std::string;
11
12 int main()
13 {
14 string string1( "STRINGS" );
15 const char *ptr1 = 0;
16 int length = string1.length();
17 char *ptr2 = new char[ length + 1 ]; // including null
18
19 // copy characters from string1 into allocated memory
20 string1.copy( ptr2, length, 0 );
21 ptr2[ length ] = '\0'; // add null terminator
22
23 // output
24 cout << "string s is " << string1
25 << "\nstring1 converted to a C-Style string is "
26 << string1.c_str() << "\nptr1 is ";

Note calls to copy and
c_str.
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Outline
39
fig15_09.cpp
(2 of 2)

fig15_09.cpp
output (1 of 1)


27
28 // Assign to pointer ptr1 the const char * returned by
29 // function data(). NOTE: this is a potentially dangerous
30 // assignment. If string1 is modified, pointer ptr1 can
31 // become invalid.
32 ptr1 = string1.data();
33
34 // output each character using pointer
35 for ( int i = 0; i < length; i++ )
36 cout << *( ptr1 + i ); // use pointer arithmetic
37
38 cout << "\nptr2 is " << ptr2 << endl;
39 delete [] ptr2;
40 return 0;
41
42 } // end main

string s is STRINGS
string1 converted to a C-Style string is STRINGS
ptr1 is STRINGS
ptr2 is STRINGS

2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
40
15.11 Iterators
Iterators
Forwards and backwards traversal of strings
Access to individual characters
Similar to pointer operations
More coverage Chapter 20
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
41
15.11 Iterators
Basic usage
Creation
string::const_iterator i = s.begin();
const, cannot modify string (more Chapter 20)
Referencing
*i; // reference character
++i; // traverse one character forward
Test for end of string
i != s.end()
end returns iterator after last element of s
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Outline
42
fig15_10.cpp
(1 of 1)


1 // Fig. 15.10: fig15_10.cpp
2 // Using an iterator to output a string.
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 #include <string>
9
10 using std::string;
11
12 int main()
13 {
14 string string1( "Testing iterators" );
15 string::const_iterator iterator1 = string1.begin();
16
17 cout << "string1 = " << string1
18 << "\n(Using iterator iterator1) string1 is: ";
19
20 // iterate through string
21 while ( iterator1 != string1.end() ) {
22 cout << *iterator1; // dereference iterator to get char
23 ++iterator1; // advance iterator to next char
24 } // end while
25
26 cout << endl;
27 return 0;
28
29 } // end main
Print each character using the
iterator.
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Outline
43
fig15_10.cpp
output (1 of 1)


string1 = Testing iterators
(Using iterator iterator1) string1 is: Testing iterators

2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
44
15.12 String Stream Processing
I/O of strings to and from memory
Called in-memory I/O or string stream processing
Classes
istringstream (input from string)
ostringstream (output to a string)
<sstream> and <iostream> headers
Use string formatting to save data to memory


2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
45
15.12 String Stream Processing
String output
Ostringstream outputString;
outputString << s1 << s2;
Member function str
Returns string that was output to memory
outputString.str()
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Outline
46
fig15_11.cpp
(1 of 2)


1 // Fig. 15.11: fig15_11.cpp
2 // Using a dynamically allocated ostringstream object.
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 #include <string>
9
10 using std::string;
11
12 #include <sstream>
13
14 using std::ostringstream;
15
16 int main()
17 {
18 ostringstream outputString; // create ostringstream instance
19
20 string string1( "Output of several data types " );
21 string string2( "to an ostringstream object:" );
22 string string3( "\n double: " );
23 string string4( "\n int: " );
24 string string5( "\naddress of int: " );

Create ostringstream
object.
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Outline
47
fig15_11.cpp
(2 of 2)


25
26 double double1 = 123.4567;
27 int integer = 22;
28
29 // output strings, double and int to outputString
30 outputString << string1 << string2 << string3 << double1
31 << string4 << integer << string5 << &integer;
32
33 // call str to output contents
34 cout << "outputString contains:\n" << outputString.str();
35
36 // add additional characters and call str to output string
37 outputString << "\nmore characters added";
38 cout << "\n\nafter additional stream insertions,\n"
39 << "outputString contains:\n" << outputString.str()
40 << endl;
41
42 return 0;
43
44 } // end main

Output format just like to
writing to cout.
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All rights reserved.
Outline
48
fig15_11.cpp
output (1 of 1)


outputString contains:
Output of several data types to an ostringstream object:
double: 123.457
int: 22
address of int: 0012FE94

after additional stream insertions,
outputString contains:
Output of several data types to an ostringstream object:
double: 123.457
int: 22
address of int: 0012FE94
more characters added

2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
49
15.12 String Stream Processing
String input
istringstream inputString ( myString );
inputString >> string1 >> string2
Like reading from cin
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Outline
50
fig15_12.cpp
(1 of 2)


1 // Fig. 15.12: fig15_12.cpp
2 // Demonstrating input from an istringstream object.
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7
8 #include <string>
9
10 using std::string;
11
12 #include <sstream>
13
14 using std::istringstream;
15
16 int main()
17 {
18 string input( "Input test 123 4.7 A" );
19 istringstream inputString( input );
20 string string1;
21 string string2;
22 int integer;
23 double double1;
24 char character;
25

Create and initialize
istringstream object.
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Outline
51
fig15_12.cpp
(2 of 2)


26 inputString >> string1 >> string2 >> integer >> double1
27 >> character;
28
29 cout << "The following items were extracted\n"
30 << "from the istringstream object:"
31 << "\nstring: " << string1
32 << "\nstring: " << string2
33 << "\n int: " << integer
34 << "\ndouble: " << double1
35 << "\n char: " << character;
36
37 // attempt to read from empty stream
38 long value;
39
40 inputString >> value;
41
42 // test stream results
43 if ( inputString.good() )
44 cout << "\n\nlong value is: " << value << endl;
45 else
46 cout << "\n\ninputString is empty" << endl;
47
48 return 0;
49
50 } // end main

Read data into variables.
good returns 1 if can still
read data (no EOF, bad bits,
etc). In this case, there is no
data, so the test fails.
2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Outline
52
fig15_12.cpp
output (1 of 1)


The following items were extracted
from the istringstream object:
string: Input
string: test
int: 123
double: 4.7
char: A

inputString is empty