Relay Testing

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Apparatus Maintenance and Power Management
for Energy Delivery
Brief Introduction for Automated Relay
Testing
Kamin Dave
Manager Marketing & Protection Applications
DOBLE ENGINEERING COMPANY, INDIA
kdave@doble.com
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Protection Relay Testing:
Testing of Generator Protection
Relay type SEL300G
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Relay Details: SEL300G
Under & Over Voltage Protection (27/59)
Negative sequence Protection (46)
Reverse & Low Forward Power Protection (32)
Over Excitation Protection (24)
Over & Under Freq. Protection (81O/81U)
Under Impedance Protection (21)
Loss of Excitation Protection (40G)
100% Stator E/F Protection (27TN/64G2)
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Out of Step Protection (78)
Voltage Restrained O/C Protection (51VR)
Voltage Controlled O/C Protection (51VC)
Rotor E/F Protection (64R)
Breaker Failure Protection
Generator Differential Protection (87D)
Ground differential Protection (87N)
95% Stator E/F Protection (59GN/64G1)
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Primary & Backup Protection
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Rotor Earth Fault Protection
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Characteristic plotted in F6TEST2.21 software for testing
Load Encroachment
characteristic plotted
Zone2 Reach
Zone1 Reach
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Select D from List
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GCB Status Close Input
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Breaker close input & VT fuse fail input
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VT fuse fail Status Input
Characteristic selection
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V/Hz Curve1
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V/Hz Curve2
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V/Hz Curve3
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Selection of Curve
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Set as a Low Forward
Power threshold
range
Set as a Reverse
Power threshold
range
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Set as Reverse Power function
VT Fuse fail Input
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Relay Logic for Reverse Power Function
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VT fuse fail Status Input
Offset reactance for Zone1
Zone1
Zone2
Offset reactance for Zone2
Directional Angle for Zone2
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Directional Angle for Zone2
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Relay Logic for Loss of Excitation Function
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Enter Setting of NPS Threshold
Enter Time Dial Setting
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Relay Logic for Negative Sequence current Function
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Select function V
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Threshold value
Curve selection C1
VT fuse fail status input
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K = 0.25
Normal
Inverse
Curve
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Select function C
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Threshold value
Curve selection C1
VT fuse fail status input
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K = 0.2
Normal Inverse Curve
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0-95% SEF
100% SEF
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Under Freq. function
Under Freq. function
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Test Equipment
Make : DOBLE
Model : F6150
Software
F6TesT Version 2.21-1165
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F6150 Connections:
CT Connections
PT Connections
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SEL300 Connections:
PT Connections CT Connections
Connections
of 4
th
Voltage
for 100% SEF
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Testing of Over Excitation Function (24)
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VA
VB
VC
I1
I2
I3
SEL
Test Circuit: Over Excitation Function Test
Source Configurations:
3V X 3I
CT Inputs
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Inverse Time Curve Test
Tests conducted:
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Use VFChar Module for
Characteristic Search Test
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Curve3 selection
Enter Time Dial
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Curve3 for Testing
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Expected Curve
Actual Curve from relay
Phasor
Select ABC Fault for testing
Relay settings:
V/Hz = 1PU
Curve = 3
Time Dial = 1
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Testing of Reverse Power Function (32)
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Reverse Power Protection (32R): Example1
G
D Y
GT
GCB
Gen Set
G
D Y
GT
GCB
Gen Set
CB1
CB2
CB3
CB4
C
B
5
TL Line
TL Line
MW
MW
Healthy Prime-mover
Failed Prime-mover
MVAR
MVAR
E
E
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G
D Y
GT
GCB
Gen Set
G
D Y
GT
GCB
Gen Set
CB1
CB2
CB3
CB4
C
B
5
TL Line
TL Line
MW
MW
Healthy Prime-mover
Failed Prime-mover
MVAR
MVAR
E
E
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G
D Y
GT
GCB
Gen Set
CB1 CB3
C
B
5
TL Line
MW
Failed Prime-mover
MVAR
E
Active Power Import from Grid sources
Grid
Grid
MW
MW
MW
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G
D Y
TR1
GCB
Gen Set
Failed Prime-mover
MVAR
E
Only Reactive Power Export to Loads
CB1 CB2
D Y
TR2
CB3 CB4
M
C
B
5
CB6
L
o
a
d
s
L
o
a
d
s
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VA
VB
VC
I1
I2
I3
SEL
Test Circuit: Reverse Power Function Test
3V X 3I
CT Inputs
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Pickup Test
Time Test
Tests conducted:
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Use RAMP Module for Pickup Test
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Pickup Test @ Unity PF:
MW - MW
- MVAR
MVAR
Watts = VA = 952.87W
- MVAR
MVAR
MW - MW
I
Expected = 1A
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Pickup Test @ Unity PF:
Vn = 110V
In = 5A
PF = 1 (Unity)
P
N
= (1.7325*0.11*1000*5) = 952.87watts
%P
Set
= 20% of P
N
P
Set
= (952.87 * 20)/(PF*100) = 190.5watts
I
Expected
= (190.5)/(1.7325*0.11*1000*PF) = 1A
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Enter Expected Value = 1A
Enter Action
details
Pickup
Actual Operating Values
IA@180
o
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Pickup Test @ 0.8 lag PF:
MW
- MW
- MVAR
MVAR
Watts = 762.3W
- MVAR
MVAR
MW - MW
I
Expected = 1.15A
V
A

=

9
5
2
.
8
7
V
A

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Enter Expected Value = 1.15A
Enter Action
details
Pickup
IA@150
o
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Pickup Test @ 0.8 lead PF:
MW
- MW
- MVAR
MVAR
Watts = 762.3W
- MVAR
MVAR
MW - MW
I
Expected = 1.15A
V
A

=

9
5
2
.
8
7
V
A

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Enter Expected Value = 1.15A
Enter Action
details
Pickup
IA@210
o
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Use SSIMUL Module for Time Test
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T
Exp
= 200ms
T
Act
= 262ms
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Testing of Loss of Excitation Function (40G)
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VA
VB
VC
IA
IB
IC
SEL
Test Circuit: Field Failure Function Test
3V & 3I
3V
3I
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Characteristic Search
Test
Characteristic Time Test
RCA (MTA) Test
Tests conducted:
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Use ZChar Module for Characteristic
Search Test
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Zone1 setting = 20.4Ohms
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Show Phasors: fault voltage & current of ABC fault
Blue color shows expected
characteristic and pink color
shows actual tested
characteristic
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Click on Oscillograph: Shows, voltage & current waveform of ABC fault
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Offset = -3.5 Ohms
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shows actual tested
characteristic
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Use ZTime Module for Characteristic
Time Test
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Results Table shows; Zone1 time is 0.1s & Zone2 time is 0.4s
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SEL300G: Field Failure Function Testing
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LED Indicator operated
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Use ZMTA Module for Characteristic
MTA (RCA) Test
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Fault type ABC selected for testing
Angle Boundary (Theta1)
Angle Boundary (Theta2)
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Testing of Negative Sequence Function (46)
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Negative Sequence Protection (46)
Ia
Ic
Ib
Ia
Ic
Ib
Ia
Ic
Ib
+VE Seq. -VE Seq. Zero Seq.
Sequence Components
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G
D Y
GT
GCB
Gen Set
MW
MVAR
E
3
46
Operate:
I2
Measure
>I2
Set
Sys
MVAR
MW
F1
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G
D Y
GT
GCB
Gen Set
3
46
Operate:
I2
Measure
>I2
Set
F1
3
3
I
R
@ 0
o
I
Y
@ 120
O
I
B
@ 240
O
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I1@0
o
I2@120
o
I3@240
o
SEL
Test Circuit: Negative Phase Seq.
Function Testing
3I
3I
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Tests conducted:
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Use IChar Module for Characteristic
Search Test
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Curve selection
Enter Time Dial
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Inverse Curve for Testing
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Blue color line shows Expected curve &
Pink color line shows Actual tested curve
Phasors shows symmetrical components
value (i.e. I1, I0 & I2)
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Testing of Voltage Controlled Over Current
Function (51VC)
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Voltage Controlled over current function (51VC):
Normally Protection applied for Directly connected
Generators where system voltage collapse drastically
falls below set value (V
Set
) during faults.
Voltage Dependent Over Current Protection (51V)
G
GCB
D Y
3
51VC Y Y
CB1 3
51
D Y
CB2
3
51
CB2 3
Motpro
M
VT
F1
F2
6.37 MVA
11KV
PF = 0.8, Xd=36.4%, Xd=26%
Xd = 231%
1.5MVA, 11KV/0.415KV, %Z = 4.9%
1.5MVA, 11KV/0.415KV, %Z = 4.9%
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V/Vs
I*/ [I>]
0.2 0.8
0.2
1.0
51V-Voltage Controlled
V
measured
< V
set
I
pickup
= (k*I
set
)
T = (0.14*T) / ((I
pickup
)
0.02
-1)
V
measured
> V
set
I
pickup
= (I
set
)
T = (0.14*T) / ((I
pickup
)
0.02
-1)
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VA
VB
VC
IA
IB
IC
SEL
Test Circuit: Voltage Controlled O/C
Function Testing
3V & 3I
3V
3I
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Tests conducted:
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Search Test
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Curve selection
Enter Time Dial
Relay Settings:
I> = 0.5*In
Curve = C1
Time Dial = 1
V1 = 50V
L-N
V2 = 25V
L-N
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Characteristic created
for testing
Relay Settings:
I> = 0.5*In
Curve = C1
Time Dial = 1
V1 = 50V
L-N
V2 = 25V
L-N
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Injected Voltage to relay
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Display Phasors
shows actual tested
characteristic
Right click on check box to enable voltage O/P
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Testing of Voltage Restrained Over
Current Function (51VR)
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Voltage Restrained over current function (51VR):
Normally Protection is applicable when Generator is
connected to system through GT.
G
GCB
3
51VC Y Y
VT
D Y
D Y
CB1 3
51
D Y
CB2
3
51
CB2 3
Motpro
M
F1
F2
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VA
VB
VC
IA
IB
IC
SEL
Test Circuit: Voltage Restrained O/C
Function Testing
3V & 3I
3V
3I
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V/Vs
I*/ [I>]
0.2 0.8
0.2
1.0
51V-Voltage restrained V
measured
> V
set2
I
pickup
= (I
set
)
V
measured
< V
set1
I
pickup
= (k*I
set
)
V
set1
< V
measured
< V
set2
S
l
o
p
e

r
e
g
i
o
n
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Tests conducted:
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Search Test
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Curve selection
Enter Time Dial
Relay Settings:
I> = 1*In
Curve = C1
Time Dial = 1
V1 = 50V
L-N
V2 = 25V
L-N
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Characteristic created
for testing
Relay Settings:
I> = 1*In
Curve = C1
Time Dial = 1
V1 = 50V
L-N
V2 = 25V
L-N
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Injected Voltage to relay
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Display Phasors
shows actual tested
characteristic
Right click on check box to enable voltage O/P
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Testing of 0-95% Stator Earth Fault
Function (64R1/59GN)
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Stator Ground Fault Protection (59GN):
Resistor Ground
Maximum Ground Fault Amps = (Line to Neutral Voltage)
-------------------------------------
(NGR Resistance)
V
LN
= 21000/1.7325
100 Ohms, 10s
I
F
I
F PTR = 21000/240V
CTR = 20/1A
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Stator Ground Fault Protection (59GN):
Impedance Ground (NGT)
V
LN
= 21000/1.7325
KVPri = 21kV
KVSec = 0.240kV
KVA = 70KVA
R = 0.913 Ohms
Full Load current in Primary wdg = 3.33A
Ground Fault Impedance = 3640.004 Ohms
I
F
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VA
VB
VC
VN
SEL
Test Circuit: 0-95% SEF Function Testing
4V
3V
4
th
V@50Hz
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Pickup Test
Time Test
Tests conducted:
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4
th
Voltage used
Expected value = 5V
Actual value = 5.3V
Pickup Value = 5V
Action details for Voltage Ramp
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Ground Fault condition
Display Phasor
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Ground Fault condition
Display Waveforms (Analogue & Digital Channels)
4
th
Voltage
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Actual trip time = 1s
Relay Output (Open to Close contact)
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Testing of 100% Stator Earth Fault
Function (64R2/27TN)
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Stator Ground Fault Protection (27TN)
3
rd
Harmonic
Current circulate
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Stator Ground Fault Protection (27TN): 3
RD
Harmonic Under Voltage Method
3
rd
Harmonic
Under voltage relay
3
rd
Harmonic
Voltage at Neutral End reduced
3
rd
Harmonic
Voltage at Neutral End reduced
I
F
3
rd
harmonic
voltage drop
Because capacitance
Is shorted
I
F
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VA
VB
VC
VN
SEL
Test Circuit: 100% SEF Function Test
4V
3V
4
th
V@150Hz
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Pickup Test
Time Test
Tests conducted:
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4
th
Voltage used @ 150Hz Freq.
Expected value = 1V
Actual value = 1.2V
Pickup Value = 1.2V
Action details for Voltage Ramp
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Ground Fault condition close to Neutral
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Actual trip time = 0.55s
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SEL300G: 100%SEF Function Testing
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Testing of Under Frequency Function
(81UF)
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VA
VB
VC
IA
IB
IC
SEL
Test Circuit: Under Freq. Function Test
3V & 3I
3V
3I
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Pickup Test
Time Test
Tests conducted:
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Freq. of Voltage sources
Expected value = 48.5Hz
Actual value = 48.498Hz
Pickup Value = 48.5Hz
Action details for Freq. Ramp
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Under Frequency condition (48Hz Freq. for Voltage sources)
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Actual trip time = 0.33s
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Testing of Over Frequency Function
(81O/F)
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VA
VB
VC
IA
IB
IC
SEL
Test Circuit: Over Freq. Function Test
3V & 3I
3V
3I
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Pickup Test
Time Test
Tests conducted:
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Freq. of Voltage sources
Expected value = 51Hz
Actual value = 51.0002Hz
Pickup Value = 51.0002Hz
Action details for Freq. Ramp
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Over Frequency condition (51Hz Freq. of Voltage sources)
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Actual trip time = 93.9ms
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SEL300G: 100%SEF Function Testing
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Training to L&T Power at Doble Training Center
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DOBLE ENGINEERING COMPANY
2
nd
Floor Suvidhi Pride,
Gorwa-Refinery Road
Opposite Shell Petrol Pump
VADODARA
INDIA. Cell:- +91 98980 55956
EMAIL ID:- kdave@doble.com
Website:- www.doble.com

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