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Additonal Mathematics Project Work 2013 Selangor Project 2
Additonal Mathematics Project Work 2013 Selangor Project 2
MATHEMATICS PROJECT
WORK 2013
SELANGOR
(PROJECT 2)
NOTA PENTING
1) Dokumen ini sekadar draf ringkas untuk rujukan rakan-rakan.
Masih ada yang saya tidak sertakan iaitu contents, objectives,
foreward dan reflection.
2) Saya harap anda semua tidak bergantung sepenuhnya pada
jawapan saya. Bukan berniat untuk kedekut, tetapi saya takut
sekiranya saya melakukan kesalahan yang besar dalam jawapan
dan hal ini mampu memberi kesan kepada projek anda.
3) Sekiranya saya ada melakukan kesilapan, saya minta jasa baik
anda untuk memaklumkan kepada saya.
4) Mohon ampun atas segala kekurangan.
SMK BUKIT SENTOSA
NFMR.
INTRODUCTION (source: http://www.scribd.com/doc/33106504/Add-Math-Complete-
task4-2010-sample)
History of Index Number
Index numbers are meant to study the change in the effects of such factors which cannot be
measured directly. According to Bowley, Index numbers are used to measure the changes in
some quantity which we cannot observe directly. For example, changes in business activity
in a country are not capable of direct measurement but it is possible to study relative changes
in business activity by studying the variations in the values of some such factors which affect
business activity, and which are capable of direct measurement. Index numbers are
commonly used statistical device for measuring the combined fluctuations in a group related
variables. If we wish to compare the price level of consumer items today with that prevalent
ten years ago, we are not interested in comparing the prices of only one item, but in
comparing some sort of average price levels. We may wish to compare the present
agricultural production or industrial production with that at the time of independence. Here
again, we have to consider all items of production and each item may have undergone a
different fractional increase (or even a decrease). How do we obtain a composite measure
This composite measure is provided by index numbers which may be defined as advice for
combining the variations that have come in group of related variables over a period of time,
with a view to obtain a figure that represents the result of the change in the constitute
variables. Index numbers may be classified in terms of the variables that they are intended to
measure. In business, different groups of variables in the measurement of which index
number techniques are commonly used are (i)price, (ii) quantity, (iii) value and (iv) business
activity. Thus, we have index of wholesale prices, index of consumer prices, index of
industrial output, index of value of exports and index of business activity, etc. Here we shall
be mainly interested in index numbers of prices showing changes with respect to time,
although methods described can be applied to other cases. In general, the present level of
prices is compared with the level of prices in the past. The present period is called the current
period and some period in the past is called the base period.
Index Numbers
Index numbers are statistical measures designed to show changes in a variable or group of
related variables with respect to time, geographic location or other characteristics such as
income, profession, etc. A collection of index numbers for different years, locations, etc., is
sometimes called an index series.
Simple Index Number
A simple index number is a number that measures a relative change ina single variable with
respect to a base.
Composite Index Number
A composite index number is a number that measures an average relative changes in a group
of relative variables with respect to a base.
PART 1
(a) Describe in brief
(i) price index,
(ii) weightage,
(iii) composite index.
Answer :
(i) Price index :
an index number expressing the level of a group of commodity prices relative to
the level of the prices of the same commodities during an arbitrarily chosen base
period and used to indicate changes in the level of prices from one period to
another.
(ii) Weightage :
the assignment of a quota (as of members of a legislature) to a particular
segment of the population as a special favor or concession in a proportion above
that allowable on a strictly numerical basis
(iii) (iii) Composite index :
A grouping of equities, indexes or other factors combined in a standardized way,
providing a useful statistical measure of overall market or sector performance over
time.
(b) State four ways of weightage representations. Find the examples of the representations
using internet or any printed materials.
Answer :
Ways to represent weightage :
1) Pie chart
2) Bar graph
3) Line graph
4) Histogram
PART 2
We often hear complaints from the public about inflation. It causes an increase in the
household expenditure in a family. The household expenditure for every family is different.
a) Complete Table 1 for your family's monthly expenditure for the year 2013.
Answer:
Monthly
salary
Number of
family members
Item
Average Monthly
Expenditure for the
year 2013
(to the nearest RM)
Percentage of
monthly expenses
(to the nearest %)
RM 6000
5
Food
1200
20.0
Accomodation
(Rental / Loan)
240
4.0
Transportation
(Petrol/ Loan / Bus
fare etc)
600
10.0
Clothing
240
4.0
Education
1500
25.0
Recreation
210
3.5
Utilities
(Water / Electricity /
Telephone)
210
3.5
Medication
300
5.0
Miscellaneous
1500
25.0
TOTAL 6000 100
Table 1
(b) If we want to compare the cost of living from one year to another, we have to
calculate the price index that involves some of the items mentioned above.
(i) In order to calculate the price index of all the items above, we have to consider the
average monthly expenses of any previous year as the base year.
Select the appropriate year as the base year.
Answer:
Item
Average Monthly
Expenditure for the base
year 2008
(RM)
Food
700
Accomodation
(Rental / Loan)
200
Transportation
(Petrol/ Loan / Bus fare etc)
450
Clothing
120
Education
1000
Recreation
150
Utilities
(Water / Electricity /
Telephone)
180
Medication
200
Miscellaneous
1000
TOTAL 4000
(ii) Hence, complete Table 2 below:
Answer:
Item
Average monthly
expenses for the year 2008
as the base year
(RM)
Average monthly
expenses for the year
2013
(RM)
Food
700
1200
Accomodation
(Rental / Loan)
200
240
Transportation
(Petrol / Loan / Bus fare etc)
450
600
Clothing
120
240
Education
1000
1500
Recreation
150
210
Utilities
(Water / Electricity / Telephone)
180
210
Medication
200
300
Miscellaneous
1000
1500
TOTAL 4000 6000
Table 2
(c) ( i) Complete Table 3 based on the above information.
Item Price indices for the year 2013
based on the year 2008
Weightage
Food
171.43
20.0
Accomodation
(Rental / Loan)
120.00
4.0
Transportation
(Petrol / Loan / Bus fare etc)
133.33
10.0
Clothing
200.00
4.0
Education
150.00
25.0
Recreation
140.00
3.5
Utilities
(Water / Electricity / Telephone)
116.67
3.5
Medication
150.00
5.0
Miscellaneous
150.00
25.0
TOTAL
1331.43
100
Table 3
Formula to calculate price index :
( ii) Hence, calculate the composite index for the average monthly expenditure
in the year 2013 based on the selected base year.
Answer :
Formula to calculate composite index :
= (171.43 X 20) + (120 X 4) + (133.33 X 10) + (200 X 4) + (150 X 25) + (140 X 3.5) +
(116.67 X 3.5) +(150 X 5) + (150 X 25)
(20 + 4 + 10 + 4 + 25 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 5 + 25)
= 151.90
(d) Make a conclusion about your family's expenditure based on your findings.
Answer :
Based on the findings, I found that the average expenses for current year is higher than the
base year 2008. We spent a total of RM1200 for food in 2013 compared to only RM700 in
2008. Other expenses such as accommodation, utilities, transportation, clothing, education,
recreation, and medications also increase compared to the year 2008. This is due to the high
inflation rate in 2008. After the year 2008, daily expenses for our family had increased due to
the increasing of the prices of raw materials.
PART 3
Your family is planning to buy a new television set.
( a) You have conducted a survey on the price of the television for two different brands
from three different shops. You would like to make a comparison between two
modes of payment, namely, cash payment and payment by installment.
Table 4 (a) shows the prices of televisions by cash payment in three different shops
whereas Table 4(b) shows the prices of televisions by instalment.
Complete Table 4 (a) and 4(b) using the data you obtained.
Answer:
Brand
Size of
Television
(inches)
Price (RM)
Mean
Price
(RM)
Standard
Deviation
(RM) Hup
Liong
Shop
Ramli
Electonics
&
Hardware
Kedai
Elektrik
Chong
TS
24 988 788 888 888.00 81.65
32 1788 1599 1690 1693.33 1685.61
40 2888 2500 2300 562.67 2512.02
SH
24 788 699 999 828.67 125.78
32 969 848 1200 1005.67 1010.70
40 1288 1269 1499 1352.00 104.23
Table 4(a)
Brand
Size of
Television
(inches)
Price (RM)
Mean
Price
(RM)
Standard
Deviation
(RM)
Hup Seng
Ramli
Electronics
&
Hardware
Kedai
Elektrik
Chong
TS
24 1383.2 945.6 1154.4 1161.07 178.69
32 2503.2 1918.8 2197.0 2206.33 238.70
40 4043.2 3000.0 2990.0 3344.40 494.14
SH
24 1103.2 838.8 1298.7 1080.23 188.47
32 1356.6 1017.6 1560.0 1311.40 223.73
40 1803.2 1522.8 1948.7 1758.23 176.79
Table 4(b)
The mean and standard deviation of the data can be calculated using formula :
(b) Determine the brand and size of the television that you have decided to buy. Give
your reasons based on the findings from part (a) above.
Answer:
I want to buy a size 32 inch TS television. This is because there are only five members
in my family and only requires medium-sized television for our living room. I choose
this brand because I am confident of its quality as our family has long been using this
brand for other electrical appliances in our home. Although the brand TS is more
expensive than the brand SH, our family still can afford to buy it. I plan to buy from
Ramli Electronics & Hardware store because they offer 2 years of warranty. In
addition, they also offer the lowest price of televisions compared to the other two
shops.
(c) The Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs wishes to present the Fair Price
Shop Award for one of the above shops. If you are one of the panels for this award,
determine the shop that deserve the award. Do you consider the value of the mean and
the value of standard deviation in making your decision? Give your justifications.
Answer:
If I am one of the panel for the award, I would prefer Ramli Electronics & Hardware
shop because the mean price of all types of television for both brands is the lowest
compared to the other two shops. Standard deviation for the telivisons at the shop is
also the lowest. It shows that the prices of television offered by the Ramli Electronics
& Hardware shop is reasonable and affordable.
PART 4
(a) Your family has a fixed monthly income. In order to buy the television, your
family needs to make some adjustment on the various types of expenditure.
[You can choose to pay by cash or by installment]
Show the average monthly expenditure that you have modified in a table.
Item
Average Monthly
Expenditure (RM)
Modified expenditure
(RM)
Food
1200
1200
Accomodation
(Rental / Loan)
240
240
Transportation
(Petrol/ Loan / Bus
fare etc)
600
500
Clothing
240
50
Education
1500
1300
Recreation
210
100
Utilities
(Water / Electricity
/ Telephone)
210
210
Medication
300
150
Miscellaneous
1500
750
Television
-
1500
TOTAL 6000 6000
(b) Assuming you have just started working with a monthly salary of RM2 500. You
intend to save 10% of your salary every month.
Plan your monthly expenditure as in Table 1 above and add other items such as
savings and contributions to your parents.
Item
Average Monthly Expenditure (RM)
Food
400
Accomodation
(Rental / Loan)
300
Transportation
(Petrol/ Loan / Bus fare etc)
200
Clothing
100
Education
100
Recreation
50
Utilities
(Water / Electricity / Telephone)
100
Medication
100
Savings
250
Parents
600
Miscellaneous
300
TOTAL 2500