UE Modes

Idle mode
Connected mode
Camping on a cell Camping on a cell
Idle mode tasks
PLMN selection PLMN selection
Cell selection and reselection
References:
3GPP TS 25.301-4.1.0: overview on UE modes
3GPP TS 25.304 and 25.122: details on idle mode
UMTS Networks 1 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Michael Sllner 12-Nov-08
3GPP TS 25.303: details on connected mode
Overview on Modes and States (PS mode)
GGSN SGSN UE
SM PDP t t ( )
HLR
SM: PDP context (active, inactive)
RNC
PMM state(detached, idle, connected)
RNC
Signaling connection
RRC connection
UE mode
PMM: Packet Mode Mobility Management
( l GMM GPRS M bilit M t)
UMTS Networks 2 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Michael Sllner 12-Nov-08
(also GMM GPRS Mobility Management)
SM: Session Management
Overview on Modes and States (CS mode)
GMSC
MSC
UE
CM call state ( ti ll)
HLR
CM: call state (active, null)
VLR
RNC
MM state(detached, idle, connected)
RNC
Signaling connection
RRC connection
UE mode
MM: Mobility Management
UMTS Networks 3 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Michael Sllner 12-Nov-08
MM: Mobility Management
CM: Connection Management
Relations between CM/SM, MM/PMM and RRC
States States
CM/SM state(s)
(UE-SGSN-GGSN)
Subscrip-
tion
PDCP
address
inactive active
Core
Network
MM/PMM state
( )
detached idle connected
(UE, SGSN, HLR)
Signaling none yes
UTRAN
Signaling
connection
(UE-SGSN)
none yes
UTRAN
RRC state
(UE-RNC)
idle connected
Addressing
Paging using
UMTS Networks 4 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Michael Sllner 12-Nov-08
using RNTI TMSI/P-TMSI
UE Modes
Idle mode (paging area is known; paging needed)
UE is identified by non-access stratum identities such as IMSI, TMSI
and P-TMSI and P-TMSI
UTRAN has no own information about the individual UEs in idle mode
(no RRC connection)
UTRAN l dd ll UE i ll ll UE it i UTRAN can only address e.g. all UEs in a cell or all UEs monitoring a
specific paging occasion
Connected mode (cell or URA is known; RRC connection)
connected mode is entered when the UTRAN establishes and
maintains information about the individual UE (RRC connection) maintains information about the individual UE (RRC connection)
RRC connection is established between UE and Serving RNC
UE is assigned a radio network temporary identity (U-RNTI and
possibly a C RNTI) to be used as UE identity on common transport possibly a C-RNTI) to be used as UE identity on common transport
channels (RACH, FACH, PCH)
connected mode does not require assignment of physical channel
resources
UMTS Networks 5 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Michael Sllner 12-Nov-08
resources
UE Idle Mode Camping on a cell
Purpose of camping on a cell in idle mode:
UE receives system information from the PLMN (BCH)
UE is able to establish an RRC connection (access of the network on
the control channel of the cell on which it is camped RACH/FACH)
PLMN knows (in most cases) the registration area of UE PLMN knows (in most cases) the registration area of UE
=> paging on control channels within the registration area (PCH)
UE may receive cell broadcast services (BCH) y ( )
Limited service state:
If
UE is unable to find a suitable cell to camp on, or
USIMis not inserted or USIM is not inserted, or
location registration failed,
UE attempts to camp on a cell irrespective of the PLMN identity, and
enters a "limited service" state in which only emergency calls are possible
UMTS Networks 6 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Michael Sllner 12-Nov-08
enters a limited service state in which only emergency calls are possible
Source: 3GPP 25.304
UE Idle Mode Camping on a cell
UE is switched on
a PLMN is selected and
UE searches for a suitable cell of this PLMN to camp on
Functions executedwhen campedon a cell Functions executed when campedon a cell
(i.e. UE is in idle mode and has chosen a cell)
UE monitors systeminformation UE monitors system information
UE monitors paging information (PLMN is not aware of the cell chosen
by the UE; PLMN is not aware of the UE in limited service state) by the UE; PLMN is not aware of the UE in limited service state )
UE executes a cell reselection if it finds a more suitable cell to camp on
UE executes a location registration to register its presence in the UE executes a location registration to register its presence in the
registration area by means of a NAS registration procedure if the new
cell is in a different registration area (LA or RA)
UMTS Networks 7 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Michael Sllner 12-Nov-08
Source: 3GPP 25.304
UE Idle Mode Tasks

PLMN Selection
dR l ti
Manual Mode
Automatic mode
registration with
and Reselection
PLMNs
available
Location
Registration
response
Indication
to user
no exchange of
registration with
UMTS network
PLMN
selected
NAS Control
no exchange of
signaling with
UMTS network
NAS Control
R di t
Cell Selection
and Reselection
R i t ti
Radio measurements
location registration
Location
Registration
Area
changes
CM requests
g
with UMTS network
UMTS Networks 8 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Michael Sllner 12-Nov-08
Source: 3GPP 25.304
Registration
UE Idle Mode
States and

go he re whe ne ve r a
ne w P L M N is
s e le c te d
1
no c e ll info rma tio n
s to re d fo r the P L M N
c e ll info rmatio n
s to re d fo r the P L M N
States and
Transitions
I nitia l
C e ll S e lec tio n
s to re d fo r the P L M N
S to re d
info rma tio n
C e ll S e lec tio n
no s uita ble c e ll fo und
no s uita ble
c e ll fo und
s uita ble c ell fo und 2 s uita ble c ell fo und
c e ll fo und
C e ll S e lec tio n
whe n le a ving
c o nne c te d
mo de
s uita ble c ell fo und 2
s uita ble
c e ll fo und
C a m p e d
n o r m a l l y
s uita ble c ell fo und
no s uita ble
c e ll fo und
N A S indic ate s that
re gis tra tio n o n s e le c te d
P L M N is re je c te d
(e xc e pt with c a us e #14
o r #15 [5][16])
le a ve
idle mo de
re turn to
idle mo de
C o n n e c t e d
d
C e ll
s uita ble
c e ll fo und
trigge r
o r #15 [5][16])
A ny C e ll
S e le c tio n
go he re
whe n no
U S I M in
the U E
m o d e
R e s e le c tio n
E va lua tio n
P ro c es s
no s uita ble
c e ll fo und
no a c c e pta ble c e ll fo und
U S I M ins e rte d
1
C e ll S e lec tio n
h l i
a c c e pta ble
a c c e pta ble
c e ll fo und
c
e

s
t
a
t
e
C a m p e d o n
a n y c e l l
whe n le a ving
c o nne c te d
mo de
a c c e pta ble
c e ll fo und
s uita ble
c e ll fo und
2
le a ve
idle mo de
re turn to
idle mo de
a c c e pta ble
c e ll fo und
trigge r
t
e
d

s
e
r
v
i
c
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C o n n e c t e d
m o d e
(E me rge nc y
c a lls o nly)
C e ll
R e s e le c tio n
E va lua tio n
P ro c es s
c e ll fo und
no a c c e pta ble
c e ll fo und
L
i
m
i
t
UE Idle Mode PLMN reselection
The NAS provides a list of equivalent PLMNs that the AS uses for PLMN
selection, cell selection, cell reselection and handover
PLMN reselection: if necessary, the UE will look for more suitable cells on
other PLMNs at regular time intervals g
If the UE loses coverage of the registered PLMN,
either a new PLMN is selected automatically (automatic mode)
or an indication of which PLMNs are available is given to the user
(manual selection) (manual selection)
Registration is not performed by UEs only capable of services that need no
registration (emergency call)
UMTS Networks 10 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Michael Sllner 12-Nov-08
Source: 3GPP 25.304
UE Idle Mode Cell Selection and Reselection
When camped on a cell, the UE shall regularly search for a better cell
according to the cell reselection criteria
If a better cell is found, that cell is selected If a better cell is found, that cell is selected
The change of cell may imply a change of radio access technology (RAT),
e.g. from UMTS to GSM
The NAS is informed if the cell selection and reselection results in changes
in the received system information
For normal service, the UE has to camp on a suitable cell, tune to that
cell's control channel(s) so that the UE can:
receive system information from the PLMN
receive registration area information from the PLMN, e.g. LA or RA
receive other AS and NAS information receive other AS and NAS information
If registered:
receive paging and notification messages from the PLMN and
UMTS Networks 11 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Michael Sllner 12-Nov-08
initiate call setup for outgoing calls or other actions from the UE