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Ứng dụng Goal Seek và Solver trong giải toán
Ứng dụng Goal Seek và Solver trong giải toán
LI M U
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
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SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
MC LC
CHNG 1.......................................................................................................................4
KHI QUT V GOAL SEEK V SOLVER.................................................................4
I. GOALSEEK...............................................................................................................4
1. Cng dng.............................................................................................................4
2. Cch thc hot ng.............................................................................................4
3. Cch s dng Goal Seek........................................................................................5
4. Cc thng s trong Goal Seek...............................................................................5
II. SOLVER...................................................................................................................5
1. Cng dng v cch thc hot ng ca Solver.....................................................5
2. Cch s dng Solver..............................................................................................6
2.1. Add-in Solver......................................................................................................6
2.2. Cc thng s v ty chn trong Solver...............................................................9
CHNG 2.....................................................................................................................12
NG DNG GOAL SEEK TRONG GII TON.........................................................12
1. V d 1..................................................................................................................12
2. V d 2..................................................................................................................14
CHNG 3.....................................................................................................................19
NG DNG SOLVER TRONG GII TON...............................................................19
1. Bi ton tm nghim cho h phng trnh...........................................................19
V d 3......................................................................................................................19
2. Bi ton ti u v qui hoch tuyn tnh..............................................................21
2.1. Ti u mt mc tiu..........................................................................................22
V d 4......................................................................................................................22
2.2. Qui hoch nguyn.............................................................................................24
V d 5......................................................................................................................24
3. Bi ton u t....................................................................................................26
V d 6......................................................................................................................26
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
CHNG 1
KHI QUT V GOAL SEEK V SOLVER
I. GOALSEEK
1. Cng dng
Goal Seek l mt hm ca Excel (hm mc tiu), thng c p dng
trong cc bi ton nh tnh ton thu ha vn, thay i mt ch tiu chi ph no
c c li nhun nh mong mun, tnh tng chi ph phi tr,
Goal Seek cn c dng gii phng trnh mt n trong ton hc.
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
CHNG 2
NG DNG GOAL SEEK TRONG GII TON
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
Hnh 2.3: Kt qu v d 1
- Nu bn ng vi kt qu ca Goal Seek tm c, th nhn OK
chp nhn kt qu thay i (l gi tr $18,097 C5), cn nu mun b qua
kt qu ny, bn nhn Cancel.
2. V d 2: Bi ton ti u ha li nhun sn phm
C nhiu doanh nghip s dng li nhun t sn phm nh l thc o
cho tnh hnh ti chnh ca mnh. Mt mc li nhun mnh, c ngha l cc chi
ph ang c kim sot tt, v cho thy th trng hi lng vi gi c ca sn
phm. D nhin, li nhun cn ph thuc vo nhiu yu t khc na, v bn c
th s dng Goal Seek tm ra mc li nhun ti u da vo mt trong nhng
yu t ny.
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
Hnh 2.5: Kt qu v d 2
- Ghi ch v nhng gi tr xp x ca Goal Seek:
hnh 2.5 ca bi trn, c th thy rng Goal Seek a ra mt con s xp x:
29.92%, ch khng phi l 30% nh chng ta mong mun. Gi tr kh gn
(lch ch 0.008) nhng khng chnh xc. Ti sao Goal Seek khng tm ra li gii
chnh xc? Cu tr li nm mt trong nhng ty chn m Excel s dng
iu khin cc php tnh lp i lp li (iterative calculations). i khi, vic lp i
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
Hnh 2.6
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
CHNG 3
NG DNG SOLVER TRONG GII TON
(2)
x+4y+3z=30 (3)
Vi nhng bi ton nh trn, cn phi thc hin qua cc bc sau:
- Bc 1: Lp m hnh bi ton trn bng tnh vi cc s liu ban u nh hnh
3.1
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
Hnh 3.2.
- Bc 3: Thit lp cc tham s cho Solver
+ Set target cell: khng nhp
+ By changing cells: $E$9:$E$11
+ Subject to the Constraints: $F$9:$F$11=$G$9:$G$11
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
Hnh 3.4: Kt qu v d 3
Nghim ca h phng trnh gii bng Solver trong bi trn c chnh
xc mt phn triu, chng ta c th tng chnh xc lnh bng cch chnh
li Precision trong Options ca hp thoi Solver Parameters.
2. Bi ton ti u v qui hoch tuyn tnh
Dng tng qut ca mt bi ton qui hoch tuyn tnh.
Hm mc tiu:
buc:
a11X1 + a12X2 + + a1nXn b1
:
ak1X1 + ak2X2 + + aknXn bk
:
am1X1 + am2X2 + + amnXn =bm
Vi i, j, k, m, n nguyn
Cc k hiu c1, c2, cn l cc h s ca hm mc tiu. Chng c th biu th cho
li nhun (hoc chi ph).K hiu aij l cc h s ca cc phng trnh trong
tp rng buc. Cc phng trnh c dng bt ng thc hoc ng thc.Mt tp
hp X = (X1, X2, Xn) gi l li gii chp nhn c khi n tha tt c
rng buc.Mt tp hp X* = (X*1, X*2, X*n) gi l li gii ti u nu gi tr
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
+ X2
+ 6X2
+ 16X2
X2
200
1566
2880
0
0
(R1)
(R2)
(R3)
(R4)
(R5)
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
Hnh 3.7: Kt qu v d 4
Li nhun ln nht t $66.100 khi cn sn xut 122 sn phm X1 v
78 sn phm X2.
2.2. Qui hoch nguyn
V d 5: Trong Excel cch gii bi ton qui hoch nguyn tuyn tnh
cng ging nh cc gii bi ton qui hoch tuyn tnh. Bn ch cn thm
iu kin nguyn cho cc bin bt buc l s nguyn v hiu chnh mt
s tu chn trong Options.ca hp thoi Solver Parameters.
Tm X1 v X2 sau cho hm li nhun F = 300X1 + 230X2 t gi tr
cc i vi cc rng buc sau y:(X1,X2 phi l s nguyn)
X1
9X1
9X1
X1
+ 3X2
+ 5X2
+ 16X2
X2
200
1290
2350
0
0
(R1)
(R2)
(R3)
(R4)
(R5)
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
Hnh 3.7.
- Khai bo cc thng s cho Solver (Hnh 3.8)
Hnh 3.8.
-Ty chnh Options, nhp ti Tolerance l 0, tc khng sai s(Hnh 3.9)
Hnh 3.9.
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
-Kt qu
Hnh 3.10.
3. Bi ton u t
V d 6: Mt nh u t chng khon ang phn tch k hoch u t ton b
s tin $750.000 vo cc loi tri phiu ca cc Cng ty c nh gi
theo bng sau:
Tri phiu
Sut thu li
S nm
nh gi
ca cng ty
hng nm
o hn
Tri phiu
ACME Chemical
8.65%
11
1-Cc k tt
DynaStar
9.50%
10
3-Tt
Eagle Vision
10.00%
6
4-Kh tt
MicroModeling
8.75%
10
1- Cc k tt
OptiPro
9.25%
7
3-Tt
Sabre Systems
9.00%
13
2-Rt tt
Nhm bo v khon u t, nh u t quyt nh u t khng qu
25% tin vo bt k tri phiu no v phi u t t nht l 50% ca tng s
tin vo tri phiu di hn (c nm o hn ln hn hay bng 10 nm). Cc
tri phiu DynaStar, Eagle Vision v OptiPro c sut thu li cao nht tuy nhin
khng c u t vo 3 loi tri phiu ny qu 35% ca tng s tin v chng
c ri ro cao (ri ro cao khi c nh gi t 2-Tt tr xung).
Nh u t cn xc nh phi u t nh th no cc i ha li tc
trong khi m bo tha mn cc qui nh nu ra nh phn trn.
- Xc nh cc bin: s tin u t vo mi loi tri phiu.
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
nm
ti
D10=SUMPRODUCT(D4:D9,$B$4:$B$9).
+Nhp s 1 vo cc F4:F9 nu n l tri phiu di hn, nu khng
l tri phiu di hn th nhp s 0. Sau tnh tng s tin u t vo cc
tri phiu di hn nh cng thc sau: =SUMPRODUCT(F4:F9,$B$4:$B$9).
+Nhp s 1 vo cc H4:H9 nu nh gi tri phiu l ri ro cao (li
nhiu), ngc li th nhp s 0. Tnh tng s tin u t cc tri phiu c
sut thu li cao theo cng thc:
=SUMPRODUCT(H4:H9,$B$4:$B$9)
+Tnh F11 theo cng thc =50%*B11 v tnh H11 theo cng thc
=35%*B11.
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh
Hnh 3.13. Kt qu v d 6
SV: Trn Tin; Nguyn Tun V; Trn Phong Vn; on Quc Vinh