Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia

THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA
OF INDIA
PART- I
VOLUME I
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
DEPARTMENT OF AYUSH
Contents | Monographs | Abbreviations | Appendices
Legal Notices | General Notices
Note: This e-Book contains Computer Database generated Monographs which are reproduced from official publication. The
order of contents under the sections of Synonyms, Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Karma, Formulations, Therapeutic uses may be
shuffled but the contents are same from the original source. !owe"er in case of doubt the user is ad"ised to refer the official
book.
i
CONTENTS
Legal Notices
General Notices
MONOGRAPHS
Sl. No. Plant Name Botanical Name
Page No.
#as per book$
1 AJAGANDH Cleome gynandra Linn 1
2 AJAMOD Apium leptophyllum (Per!" #!$!M!e% &enth 2
' MALA()(#reh #ruit" *m+li,a o--i,inali Gaertn! .
. MALA() (Dried" *m+li,a o--i,inali Gaertn! /
/ 0AG$ADHA Caia -itula Linn 1
2 A0(A (0oot" Calotropi pro,era (Ait!" 0!&r! 3
1 A0(A (Lea-" Calotropi pro,era (Ait!" 0!&r! 14
3 A5ANA Ptero,arpu marupium 0o%+! 12
6 A7O(A 5ara,a ao,a (0o," DC 8illd 1.
14 A7$AGANDH 8ithania omni-era Dunal 1/
11 A7$A99HA #i,u religioa Linn! 11
12 A9A5) Linum uitatiimum Linn 16
1' A9:&AL A+utilon indi,um (Linn" 5; 24
1. A9:$:< A,onutum heterophyllum 8all! *% 0oyle 22
1/ &A&&=LA A,a,ia niloti,a (Linn " 8illd! *% ! Del !5p!
:ndi,a ( &enth " &renan 2.
12 &(>C) Poralea ,oryli-olia Linn 2/
11 &:&H)9A(A 9erminalia +eleri,a 0o%+! 22
13 &:L$A Aegle marmelo Corr! 21
16 CAND0A7=0A Lepidium ati?um Linn! 22
24 C:90A(A Plum+ago @eylani,al Linn 26
21 DHNAA(A Coriandrum ati?um Linn '4
22 DH9A(: 8ood-ordia -ruiti,oa (Linn " (ur@ '2
ii
2' *0ABCA 0i,inu ,ommuni Linn '.
2. GAM&H0) Gmelina ar+ora 0o%+ '2
2/ GO(<>0A (0oot" 9ri+ulu terreti Linn '3
22 GO(<>0A (#ruit" 9ri+ulu terreti Linn .4
21 G>C=C) 9inopora ,ordi-olia (8illd!" Mier! .1
23 G>GG>L> Commiphora ;ightii (Arn!" &hand! .'
26 G>DJ A+ru pre,atoriu Linn! ..
'4 HA0:D0 Cur,uma longa Linn! ./
'1 HA0)9A() 9erminalia ,he+ula 0et@! .1
'2 H:EG> #erula -oetida 0egel! .6
'' JA9MF5) Nardota,hy Gatamani DC /1
'. J9)PHALA Myriti,a -ragran Houtt! /'
'/ (AMP:LLA Mallotu philippineni MuellHArg! //
'2 (DCAN0A &auhinia ?ariegata &lume /2
'1 (AE(OLA Piper ,u+e+a Linn! -! /3
'3 (AEIA(0) 5olanum urattne &urm!-! /6
'6 (ANA50A Aloe +ar+adeni Mill 22
.4 (A0ADJA Pongamia pinnata (Linn!" Merr! 2'
.1 (A0A$)0A Nerium indi,um Mill 2.
.2 (A0(AIA7JEG: Pita,ia ,hineni &urgo 22
.' (0P5A Goypium her+a,eum Linn! 21
.. (A7*0> 5,irpu Kyoor 0o%+! 23
./ (*9A(: Pandanu te,toriu oland! e%!ParKinon 26
.2 (HAD:0A A,a,ia ,ate,hu (Linn!-!" 8illd! 14
.1 (:09A9:(9A 5;ertia ,hirata &u,h!HHam 11
.3 (J<BAJ:0A(A Carum ,ar?i Linn 1'
.6 (>LA99HA $igna unLui,ulata (Linn!" 8alp! 1/
/4 (><IHA 5auurea lappa C&! ClarKe 12
iii
/1 (>IAJA Holarrhena antidyenteri,a (0oth" A!DC 13
/2 LA$AEGA 5y@ygium aromati,um (Linn!" Merr M!Perry! 34
/' LODH0A 5ymplo,o ra,emoa 0o%+! 32
/. MADANA Meromphi pinoa (9hun+" (eay 3.
// M:70*A #oeni,ulum ?ulgare Mill 32
/2 NAAG0ODHA #i,u +engaleni Linn 33
/1 P<BA&H*DA &ergenia ,iliata (Ha; " 5tern+! 64
/3 PIH Ciampelo pareira Linn 62
/6 P=GA Are,a ,ate,hu Linn! 6.
24 P>NA0NA$ &oerha?ia di--ua Linn 6/
21 5AP9APA0BA Altonia ,holari (Linn"0!&r! 61
22 7AI) Hedy,hium pi,atum Ham ! *%!5mith 66
2' 5N>H) *uphor+ia nerii-olia Linn 144
2. 5=(<MA:L *lettaria ,ardamo4mum (Linn!" 0!&r! 141
2/ 7>BIH) Ningi+er o--i,inale 0o%+! 14'
22 5$A0BAPA90: Caia anguti-olia $ahl! 14/
21 7$*9AJ:0A(A Cuminum ,yminum Linn 142
23 7$*9A 50:$ Hemidemu indi,u (Linn!" 0!&r! 141
26 9AGA0A $aleriana ;alli,hii DC 146
14 9MALA() Phyllanthu -raternu 8e+t! 111
11 9$A( Cinnamimum @eylani,um &lume 11'
12 9$A(PA90A Cinnamomum tamala (&u,hHHam"Nee O
*+erm! 11/
1' >D>M&A0A #i,u ra,emoa Linn 111
1. >PA(>DC:( Nigella ati?a Linn 116
1/ $A0>BA Caratae?a nur?ala &u,hHHam! 124
12 $5 Adhatoda ?ai,a Nee 122
11 $:CADGA *m+elia ri+e &urm!-! 12'
iv
13 $:JAA Canna+i ati?a Linn 12/
16 AA<I) Gly,yrrhi@a gla+ra Linn 121
34 AA$N) 9ra,hypermum ammi (Linn!" 5prague e%
9urril! 126
Appendix-1
1.1 Apparatus for Tests and Assays
1.1-Nessler Cylinder
1.2-Sieves
1.3-Thermometers
1.4-Volumetric Glass-ware
1.5- ei!hts and "alances
Appendix-2
2.1 Testing Drugs
2.1.1- Systematic Study o# Crude $ru!s
2.1.2- %icrosco&ic methods o# '(aminin! Crude Ve!eta)le $ru!s
2.1.3- Ty&es o# Stomata
2.1.4- $etermination o# Stomatal *nde(
2.1.5-$etermination o# +alisade ,atio
2.1.--$etermination o# Vein .*slet Num)er
2.2 Determination of Quantitative Data of Vegetable Drug
2.2.1-Sam&lin! o# $ru!s
2.2.2- /orei!n %atter and $etermination o# /orei!n matter
2.2.3-$etermination o# Total 0sh
2.2.4-$etermination o# 0cid *nsolu)le 0sh
2.2.5-$etermination o# ater Solu)le 0sh
2.2.--$etermination o# 0lcohol solu)le '(tractive
2.2.1-$etermination o# ater Solu)le '(tractive
2.2.2-$etermination o o# 'ther Solu)le '(tractive 3/i(ed 4il Content5
2.2.6-$etermination o# %oisture Content 37oss on $ryin!5
2.2.18-$etermination o# Volatile 4il in $ru!s
2.2.11-S&ecial +rocesses used in 0l9aloidal 0ssays
2.2.11-a-Continuous '(traction o# $ru!s
2.2.11-)-Tests #or Com&lete '(traction o# 0l9aloids
2.3 Limit Tests
2.3.1- 7imit Test #or 0rsenic
2.3.2-7imit Test #or Chlorides
v
2.3.3-7imit Test #or :eavy %etals
2.3.4-7imit Test #or *ron
2.3.5-7imit Test #or lead
2.3.--Sul&hated 0sh
2.3.1-7imit Test #or Sul&hates
Appendix-3
3. Pysi!al Tests and determinations
3.1.1 - $etermination o# "oilin! ,an!e
3.1.2 - $etermination o# Con!ealin! ,an!e or Tem&erature
3.1.3 - $etermination o# &: Value
3.1.4 - $etermination o# %eltin! ,an!e or %eltin! Tem&erature
3.1.5 - 4&tical ,otation and S&eci#ic 4&tical rotation
3.1.- - +owder /ineness
3.1.1 - ,e#ractive /ineness
3.1.2 - ei!ht &er milliliter and S&eci#ic Gravity
Appendix-4
4. ,ea!ents and Solutions
Appendix-5
"eneral #nformations
5.1- Shodhana o# Crude $ru!s
5.2- $e#inition and method o# +re&arin! ;vatha or $ecoction
Appendix- -
-.1- ei!hts and %easures
-.1- 0&&ro(imate '<uivalents o# $oses in *ndian System and %etric System
Appendix- 1
$. %lassi!al Ayurvedi! &eferen!es
#ndex
'nglis e(uivalents of Ayurvedi! !lini!al !onditions and diseases
%ono!ra&hs &u)lished in Volume-**
%ono!ra&hs &u)lished in Volume-***
LEGAL NOTICES
vi
In India there are laws dealing with drugs that are the subject of monographs
which follow. hese monographs should be read subject to the restrictions imposed
b! these laws wherever the! are applicable.
It is e"pedient that en#uir! be made in each case in order to ensure that the
provisions of the law are being complied with.
In general$ the %rugs & Cosmetics Act$ '()* +subse#uentl! amended in '(,)
and '(-./$ the %angerous %rugs Act$ '(0* and the 1oisons Act$ '('( and the rules
framed thereunder should be consulted.
2nder the %rugs & Cosmetics Act$ the A!urvedic 1harmacopoeia of India
+A.1.I./$ 1art3I$ 4ol. I$ is the boo5 of standards for single drugs included therein and
the standards prescribed in the A!urvedic 1harmacopoeia of India$ 1art3I$ 4ol. I
would be official. If considered necessar! these standards can be amended and the
Chairman of the A!urvedic 1harmacopoeia Committee authorised to issue such
amendments. 6henever such amendments are issued the A!urvedic
1harmacopoeia of India$ 1art3I$ 4ol. I$ would be deemed to have been amended
accordingl!.
vii
GENERAL NOTICES
Title - The title of the book is Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of
Name of the Drugs - The name given on the top of each monograph of the drug is in
Sanskrit as mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics and/or in the Ayurvedic Formulary of
India Part-I and Part-II !ill be considered official" These names have been arranged in
#nglish alphabetical order" The $atin name %ta&onomical nomenclature' of each drug as
found in authentic scientific literature has been provided in the monograph in the
introductory paragraph" The official name !ill be the main title of the drug and its
scientific name !ill also be considered as legal name"
Introductory Para - #ach monograph begins !ith an introductory paragraph indicating
the part scientific name of the drug in $atin !ith short description about its habit
distribution and method of collection if any"
Synonyms - Synonyms of each drug appearing in each monograph in Sanskrit #nglish
(indi )rdu and other Indian regional languages have been mentioned as found in the
classical te&ts Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part-I and Part-II as procured from the
e&perts scholars of Ayurveda and officials in the field from different states"
Italics - Italic type has been used for scientific name of the drug appearing in the
introductory paragraph of each monograph as also for chemicals and reagents
substances or processes described in Appendi&"
Odour and Taste - *herever a specific odour has been found it has been mentioned
but the description as +odourless, or +no odour, has in many cases been avoided in the
description as large numbers of drugs have got no specific odour" The odour- is
e&amined by directly smelling ./ g of the po!dered drug contained in a package or
freshly po!dered" If the odour is discernible the sample is rapidly transferred to an open
container and re-e&amined after 0/ minutes" If the odour persists to be discernible it is
described as having odour"
The Taste- of a drug is e&amined by taking a small 1uantity of 2/ mesh po!der
by a tip of moist glass rod and applying it on tongue previously rinsed !ith !ater" This
may not be done in case if poisonous drugs indicated in monograph"
Mesh Number - *herever the po!dering of the drug has been re1uired the sieve 3esh
4umber 2/- has been used" This !ill not apply for drugs containing much oily substance"
Weights and Measures - The metric system of !eights and measures is employed"
*eights are given in multiples or fractions of a gramme %g' or of a milligram %mg'" Fluid
measures are given in multiples or fractions of millilitre %ml'"
*hen the term drop- is used the measurement is to be made by means of a
tube !hich delivers in .5 drops 0 gram of distilled !ater at 0/
o
6"
3etric measures are re1uired by the Pharmacopoeia to be graduated at .5
o
6 and
all measurements involved in the analytical operations of the Pharmacopoeia are
intended unless other!ise stated to be made at that temperature"
Identity, Purity and Strength - )nder the heading Identification- tests are provided
as an aid to identification and are described in their respective monographs"
viii
The term Foreign 3atter- is used to designate any matter !hich does not form
part of the drug as defined in the monograph" 7egetable drugs used as such or in
formulations should be duly identified and authenticated and be free from insects
pests fungi micro-organisms pesticides and other animal matter including animal
e&creta be !ithin the permitted and specified limits for lead arsenic and heavy metals
and sho! no abnormal odour colour sliminess mould or other evidence of
deterioration"
The 1uantitative tests e"g" total ash acid-insoluble ash !ater-soluble ash
alcohol-soluble e&tractive !ater- soluble e&tractive ether-soluble e&tractive moisture
content volatile oil content and assays are the methods upon !hich the standards of
Pharmacopoeia depend" The methods for assays are described in their respective
monographs and for other 1uantitative tests methods are not repeated in the te&t of
monographs but only the corresponding reference of appropriate appendi& is given" The
analyst is not precluded from employing an alternate method in any instance if he is
satisfied that the method !hich he uses !ill give the same result as the
Pharmacopoeial 3ethod" In suitable instances the methods of microanalysis if of
e1uivalent accuracy may be substituted for the tests and assays described" (o!ever in
the event of doubt or dispute the methods of analysis of the Pharmacopoeia are alone
authoritative"
Limits for ea!y Metals 8 All Ayurvedic 9rugs %Single/6ompound formulation' must
comply !ith the limits for (eavy 3etals prescribed in individual 3onograph and !herever
limit is not given then they must comply !ith the limits given in *(: publication
;uality 6ontrol 3ethods for 3edicinal Plants and 3aterial-"
Standards - For statutory purpose statements appearing in the API Part-I 7ol" 7
under 9escription those of definition of the part and source plants and Identity Purity
and Strength shall constitute standards"
Thin Layer "hromatogra#hy $T%L%"%& - )nder this head !herever given the number
of spots and <f values of the spots !ith their colour have been mentioned as a guide for
identification of the drug and not as Pharmacopoeial re1uirement" (o!ever the analyst
may use any other solvent system and detecting reagent in any instance if he is satisfied
that the method !hich he uses even by applying kno!n reference standards !ill give
better result to establish the identity of any particular chemical constituent reported to
be present in the drug"
'uantities to be (eighed for )ssays and Tests - In all description 1uantity of the
substance to be taken for testing is indicated" The amount stated is appro&imate but the
1uantity actually used must be accurately !eighed and must not deviate by more than
05 per cent from the one stated"
"onstant Weight - the term 6onstant *eight- !hen it refers to drying or ignition
means that t!o consecutive !eighings do not differ by more than 0"5 mg per g of the
substance taken for the determination the second !eighing follo!ing an additional hour
of drying on further ignition"
"onstituents - )nder this head only the names of important chemical constituents
groups of constituents reported in research publications have been mentioned as a guide
and not as pharmacopoeial re1uirement"
Percentage of Solutions - In defining standards the e&pression per cent %=' is used
according to circumstances !ith one of the four meanings given belo!"
Per cent !/! %percentage !eight in !eight' e&presses the number of grammes of
active substance in 055 grammes of product"
i"
Per cent !/v %Percentage !eight in volume' e&presses the number of grammes of
active substance in 055 millilitres of product"
Per cent v/v %percentage volume in volume' e&presses the number of millilitres of
active substance in 055 millilitres of product"
Per cent v/! %percentage volume in !eight' e&presses the number of millilitres of
active substance in 055 grammes of product"
Percentage of alcohol - All statements of percentage of alcohol %6.(/:(' refer to
percentage by volume at 0/"/>
o
6"
Tem#erature - )nless other!ise specified all temperatures refer to centigrade %celsius'
thermometric scale"
Solutions - )nless other!ise specified in the individual monograph all solutions are
prepared !ith purified !ater"
*eagents and Solutions - The chemicals and reagents re1uired for the test in
Pharmacopoeia are described in Appendices"
Solubility - *hen stating the solubilities of 6hemical substances the term Soluble- is
necessarily sometimes used in a general sense irrespective of concomitant chemical
changes"
Statements of solubilities !hich are e&pressed as a precise relation of !eights of
dissolved substance of volume of solvent at a stated temperature are intended to apply
at that temperature" Statements of appro&imate solubilities for !hich no figures are
given are intended to apply at ordinary room temperature"
Pharmacopoeial chemicals !hen dissolved may sho! slight physical impurities
such as fragment of filter papers fibres and dust particles unless e&cluded by definite
tests in the individual monographs"
*hen the e&pression parts- is used in defining the solubility of a substance it is
to be understood to mean that 0 gramme of a solid or 0 millilitre of a li1uid is soluble in
that number of millilitres of the solvent represented by the stated number of parts"
*hen the e&act solubility of pharmacopoeial substance is not kno!n a
descriptive term is used to indicate its solubility"
The follo!ing table indicates the meaning of such terms ?-
Descri#ti!e terms *elati!e +uantities of sol!ent
7ery soluble $ess than 0 part
Freely soluble From 0 to 05 parts
Soluble From 05 to @5 parts
Sparingly soluble From @5 to 055 parts
Slightly soluble From 055 to 0555 parts
7ery slightly soluble From 0555 to 05555 parts
Practically insoluble 3ore than 05555 parts
"
Thera#eutic uses and im#ortant formulations 8 Therapeutic uses and important
formulations mentioned in this Pharmacopoeia are as provided in the recognised
Ayurvedic classics and in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part 8I and Part-II"
Doses 8 The doses mentioned in each monograph are in metric system of !eights
!hich are the appro&imate conversions from classical !eights mentioned in )yur!edic
te&ts" A conversion table is appended giving classical !eights of )yur!edic System of
3edicine !ith their metric e1uivalents" 9oses mentioned in the )yur!edic
Pharmacopoeia of India %)%P%I"' are intended merely for general guidance and
represent unless other!ise stated the average range of 1uantities per dose !hich is
generally regarded suitable by clinicians for adults only !hen administered orally"

It is to be noted that the relation bet!een doses in metric and Ayurvedic systems set
forth in the te&t is of appro&imate e1uivalence" These 1uantities are for convenience of
prescriber and sufficiently accurate for pharmaceutical purposes"
The abbreviations commonly employed are as follo!s?
)bbre!iations of technical terms
m" 3etre
l" $itre
mm" 3illimetre
cm" 6entimetre
A" 3icron %5"550 mm'
Bg" Bilogram
g" Cramme
mg" 3illigram
ml" 3illilitre
I4" 4ormal solution
5"/ 4" (alf-normal solution
5"0 4" 9ecinormal solution
03" 3olar solution
Fam" Family
PS" Primary Standards
TS" Transverse Section
"i
)bbre!iations used for Languages
Sansk" Sanskrit
Assam" Assamese
Deng" Dengali
#ng" #nglish
CuE" CuErati
Ban" Bannada
Bash" Bashmiri
3al" 3alayalam
3ar" 3arathi
:ri" :riya
PunE" PunEabi
Tam" Tamil
Tel" Telugu
),,*-.I)TIONS /O* P)*TS O/ PL)NTS
6otyledon 6otldn"
Flo!er Fl"
Fruit Fr"
(eart *ood (t" *d"
$eaf $f"
Pseudo-bulb Pseudo-bulb
<oot Dark <t" Dk"
<oot <t"
<hiFome <F"
Seed Sd"
Stem Dark St" Dk"
Stem St"
Tuberous <oot Tub" <t"
*ood *d"
*hole Plant *h" Pl"
"ii
1! AGagandha (5d !"
AJAGANDH
AGagandhP ,onit o- the eed o- Cleome gynandra Linn! 5yn! Gynandropi
gynandra (Linn!" &riLuet (#am! Capparida,eae"Q a trong mellingR ome;hat -oetid her+R
4!2 H 1 m highR -ound a+undantly throughout ;armer part o- :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S PaTugandhP
Aamee S &hutmulla
&engali S HurhuriaR 5hulte
*nglih S Dog Mutard
GuGrati S 9al?aniR Dhelitala?an
Hindi S HulhulR HurhurR (a?alia
(annada S Naram +ele 5oppuR Nayeetulai
(ahmiri S Gandi &uti
Malayalam S Atunari ?ela
Marathi S 9il?anR &hat?anR Ma+liR 9ila?anaR 9il?ant
Oriya S AnaoriiaR anaoria
PunGa+i S &ugra
9amil S Nal ?alaiR Nal ?elai
9elugu S $amintaR $ayinta
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5eedR mallR 1H2 mm in diameterR Kidney hapedR ur-a,e roughR darK +ro;n or
+la,K!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
DarK +ro;nR oilyQ under mi,ro,ope ho; a num+er o- -ragment o- epidermi o-
teta ,oniting o- thinH;alledR polygonal ,ellQ group o- ,ellR reem+ling liKe tone
,ellR reddihH+ro;n ;ith nonHligni-ied ;allQ a large num+er o- o?alR rounded or
irregularly haped protein +odieQ tar,h and ,rytal a+ent!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H
#oreign matter Not more than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
9otal Ah Not more than 1 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!'!
A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than 4!. per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!
Al,oholHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 12 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 1 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!
'
CON59:9>*N95 H #i%ed oilR eential oil and oleorein!
P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON
0aa S (aUu
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S 7VlaghnXR DXpanaR HYdyaR PittalaR $Ptahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H NPrPyaZa CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H GulmaR AWhUXlPR (YmirogaR (aZ[VR (arZaroga!
DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

.
2! AGamoda (#rt!"
AJAMOD
AGamodP ,onit o- driedR aromati, -ruit o- Apium leptophyllum (Per!" #! $! M!
e% &enth! (#am! >m+elli-erae"Q an annual her+ ,ulti?ated in Andhra PradehR GuGaratR
Madhya Pradeh and (arnataKaQ ,olle,ted +y thrahing plant on a mat and dried in hade
or in drying hed!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S DXpyaKa
Aamee S &onGamaniR &onaGainR AamaniR AGo;an
&engali S 0andhuniR &anyamani
*nglih S HH
GuGrati S &odi AGamoR AGamo
Hindi S AGmudaR AGmod
(annada S OmaR AGa?anaR OmaKKi
(ahmiri S #aKha@urR &anGuan
Malayalam S AyamodaKumR Omam
Marathi S AGmodaR Oo?a
Oriya S &anaGuani
PunGa+i S $alGa;ainR AGmod
9amil S Omam
9elugu S NaranGi ?amu
>rdu S AGmod
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Drug ,onit o- mallR o?oid -ruitQ +ulK ,olour yello;ih +ro;nR mainly o,,ur a
entire ,remo,arp ;ith pedi,el atta,hed or deta,hed and +i-id tylopodR -ree end ,ur?ed
ometime o,,ur a eparate meri,arpQ ,remo,arp gla+rouR o?oid to ,oni,alR a+out
1!/H'!4 mm long and 1!2H2!3 mm ;ideR yello; to yello;ih greenQ eparated meri,arp
+roadly o?oidR more or le ,ur?edR doral ur-a,e ,on?e% ;ith -i?e eLually ditin,tR
longitudinal primary ridgeQ at the ummit ,ur?ed tylopodiurnR ,ommiural ur-a,e
-latR ho;ing darKer and light ,oloured longitudinal +andR -ormer repreenting the
poition o- ?ittae and ?a,ular +undle Q odourQ aromati,Q tateR lightly +itter gi?ing a
enation o- ;armth to tongue!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- -ruit ho; meri,arp ;ith -our large ?ittae on doral
ur-a,eR t;o on ,ommiural ur-a,e and -our primary ridge on doral ur-a,eQ 'H/
e,ondary oil ,anal preent under ea,h primary ridge and alo +et;een ridgeQ
0
,arpophore preent on ,ommiural ur-a,eQ epi,arp ,ell ;ith thin triated ,uti,leR outer
;all dra;n into papillaeQ tomataR anomo,yti, type upto '/ = in diameterQ meo,arp
,onit o- polygonal paran,hymaRS ;ith thi,Kened and ligni-ied ,ellR meauring
'4H22H6/=. in diameter ;ith o?al to round pitQ ,ollateral ?a,ular +undle lie +eneath
epi,arpQ tra,heid 2/H24'H'33 = in length ;ith piralR ,alari-orm or reti,ulate
thi,KeningQ %ylem paren,hyma ligni-iedR elongated ;ith ellipti,al pitR meauring
/2H113H112 +y 1'H'4H.. = large e,ondary ?itta, to;ard endoperm meaure upto
12'= in ;idth and to;ard periphery the mallet ?ittae meauring 13.= in diameter!
Po;derH5ho; moderately thi,KH;alled ,ell o- epi,arp e%hi+iting ,hara,teriti,
triation and o,,aional preen,e o- tomaR -ragment o- tri,home and glandular hairR
reti,ulate paren,hymatou ,ell o- meo,arpR -ragment o- yello;ihH+ro;n ?ittaeQ
-ragment o- endoperm thi,KH;alled polygonal ,ell ,ontaining aleurone grain and
mi,ro roette ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate!

#oreign matter (:n,luding -5talK" Not more than / per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
9otal Ah Not more than 1. per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!'!
A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than 1. per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!
Al,oholHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 1. per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than ' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!
$olatile oil Not le than 2 per ,ent ?\;R Appendi% 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oil and -i%ed oil!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S DXpanaR $idPhXR (apha?PtaGitR 0u,iKYtR (YmiGitR 7Vlaghna

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H AGamodPrKaR AGamodPdi CVrZa!

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H GulmaR Aru,iR dhmPnaR HiKKPR Chardi (Ymi 0ogaR 7Vla
NoteS 9ra,hypermum ro%+urghianum (DC" 5prague 5yn! Carum ro%+urghianum &enth!
HooK!-! i the ,ommon marKet u+titute!

)
'! AmalaKi (#r! #rt! Pulp"
MALA()(#reh #ruit"
malaKX ,onit o- -reh -ruit pulp o- *m+li,a o--i,inali Gaertn! (#am!
*uphor+ia,eae"Q a mall or medium i@ed treeR -ound in mi%ed de,iduou -oretR a,ending
to 1'44 m on hill and ,ulti?ated in garden and homeyard!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S malaKaR AmYtaphalaR DhPtrXphala
Aamee S AmlaKuR AmlaKhiR AmlaKhu
&engali S AmlaR Dhatri
*nglih S *m+li, Myro+alan
GuGrati S Am+alaR Amala
Hindi S AmlaR Aonla
(annada S NelliKayi
(ahmiri S *m+aliR Amli
Malayalam S NelliKKa
Marathi S An?alaR A?alKathi
Oriya S AnalaR Ainla
PunGa+i S AulaR Amla
9amil S NelliKKaiR Nelli
9elugu S >iriKa
>rdu S AmlaR AmlaG
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruitR glo+oeR 2!/H'!/ ,m in diameterR -lehyR mooth ;ith i% prominant lineQ
greenih ;hen tenderR ,hanging to light yello;ih or pinKih ,olour ;hen matureR ;ith a
-e; darK pe,KS tateR our and atringent -ollo;ed +y deli,ately ;eet tate!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
7
9ran?ere e,tion o- mature -ruit ho; an epi,arp ,oniting o- ingle layer o-
epidermi and 2H. layer o- hypodermiQ epidermal ,ellR ta+ular :n hapeR ,o?ered e%ternally
;ith a thi,K ,uti,le and appear in ur-a,e ?ie; a polygonalQ hypodermal ,ell tangentially
elongatedR thi,KH;alledR maller in dimenion than epidermal ,ellQ meo,arp -orm +ulK o-
-ruitR ,oniting o- thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell ;ith inter,ellular pa,eR peripheral 2H6
layer mallerR o?oid or tangentially elongated ;hile ret o- ,ell larger in i@eR iodiametri,
and radially elongatedQ e?eral ,ollateral -i+ro?a,ular +undle ,attered throughout
meo,arp ,oniting o- %ylem and phloemQ %ylem ,ompoed o- tra,heal elementR -i+re
tra,heid and %ylem -i+reQ tra,heal element ho; reti,ulate ,alari-orm and piral
thi,KeningQ %ylem -i+re elongated ;ith narro; lumen and pointed endQ meo,arp ,ontain
large aggregate o- numerou irregular ili,a ,rytal!

A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!
Al,oholHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than .4 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
(On dried +ai"
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than /4 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!
Moiture ,ontent Not le than 34 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!6

CON59:9>*N95 H A,or+i, a,id and tannin!

0aa S MadhuraR AmlaR (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S 9ridoWaGitR $YWyaR 0aPyanaR CaKWuWya

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Cya?anaprPTa!

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 0aKtapittaQ AmlapittaQ PramehaQ DPha
DO5* H 14H24 g o- the drug!
/H14 ml o- -reh Gui,e!

,
.! AmalaKi (Drd!#rt!"
MALA() (Dried"
malaKX ,onit o- peri,arp o- dried mature -ruit o- *m+li,a o--i,inali Gaertn!
5yn! Phyllanthu em+li,a Linn! (#am! *uphor+ia,eae"Q motly ,olle,ted in ;inter eaon
a-ter ripening and in (ahmir in ummerR a mall or medium i@ed treeR -ound +oth in
natural tate in mi%ed de,iduou -oret o- the ,ountry a,ending to 1'44 m on hillQ
,ulti?ated in gardenR homeyard or gro;n a a road ide tree!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S AmYtaphalaR malaKaR DhPtrXphala
Aamee S AmlaKhiR AmlaKhuR AmlaKu
&engali S AmlaR Dhatri
*nglih S *m+li, Myro+alan
GuGrati S Am+alaR Amala
Hindi S AmlaR Aonla
(annada S NelliKayiR &ela nelliR pottadenolliKayi
(ahmiri S AmliR *m+ali
Malayalam S NelliKKa
Marathi S An?alaR A?alKathi
Oriya S AinlaR Anala
PunGa+i S AulaR amla
9amil S NelliKKaiR nelli
9elugu S >iriKa
>rdu S AmlaR AmlaG
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Drug ,onit o- ,urled pie,e o- peri,arp o- dried -ruit o,,uring either a
eparated ingle egmentQ 1H2 ,m long or united a ' or . egmentQ +ulK ,olour grey to
+la,KR pie,e ho;ingR a +roadR highly hri?elled and ;rinKled e%ternal ,on?e% ur-a,e
to ome;hat ,on,a?eR tran?erely ;rinKled lateral ur-a,eR e%ternal ur-a,e ho; a
-e; ;hitih pe,KR o,,aionally ome pie,e ho; a portion o- tony teta (;hi,h
hould +e remo?ed +e-ore pro,eing"Q te%ture roughR ,artilaginouR toughQ tateR our
and atringent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- -ruit ho; epi,arp ,oniting o- a ingle layered epidermi
,ell appearing ta+ular and poygonal in ur-a,e ?ie;Q ,uti,le preentQ meo,arp ,ell
tangentially elongated paren,hymatou and ,ruhed di--erentiated roughly into
peripheral 3 or 6 layer o- tangentially elongated maller ,ellR ret ,oniting o- motly
8
iodiametri, larger ,ell ;ith ;all ho;ing irregular thi,KeningQ rami-ied ?a,ular
element o,,aionally preentQ tone ,ell preent either iolated or in mall group
to;ard endo,arp Q pitted ?a,ular -i+reR ;all appearing errated due to the pit ,analR
leading into lumen!
Po;derS #ine po;der ho; epidermi ;ith uni-ormly thi,Kened traight ;alled
iodiametri, paren,hyma ,ell ;ith irregular thi,Kened ;allR o,,aionally hort -i+re
and tra,heid!

#oreign matter Not more than ' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
(:n,luding eed and eed ,oat"

CON59:9>*N95 H A,or+i, a,id and gallotannin!

Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S CaKWuWyaR 0aPyanaR 9ridoWaGitR $YWya

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Cya?anaprPTaR DhPtrX LauhaR DhPtryPdi GhYtaR
9riphalP CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 0aKtapittaR AmlapittaR PremehaR DPha
DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

-
/! Araga?adha (#rt!Pulp"
0AG$ADHA
rag?adha ,onit o- pulp o+tained -rom -ruit (de?oid o- eedR epta and pie,e
o- peri,arp" o- Caia -itula Linn! (Pam!Leguminoae"R a moderate i@ed de,iduou treeR
,ommon throughout :ndia a ;ild or ,ulti?ated plantR -ruit ,olle,ted ;hen ripe!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (YtamPlaR $yPdhighPtaR 7ampPKaR NYpadruma
Aamee S 5onaroo
&engali S 5ondala
*nglih S :ndian La+urnumR Purging ,aia
GuGrati S GaramalaR Garamalo
Hindi S Amalta
(annada S Arag?adhaR (aKKeR (aKKeHgidaR (aKKernaraR (aKKedaiR 0aGataru
(ahmiri S (riyangal Phali
Malayalam S (onnaR (ritamalam
Marathi S &aha?aR GaramalaR Amalta
Oriya S 5unari
PunGa+i S Amalta
9amil S 5araKonraiR 5araK KonnaiR 5araK KondiR 5haraKKonrai
9elugu S 0ela
>rdu S (hiyar 5ham+ar
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruitR a many ,elledR indehi,ent podR '/H24 ,m long and 13H2/ mm diameterR
nearly traight and u+ ,ylindri,alR ,ho,olateH+ro;n to almot +la,K in ,olourR pod
ur-a,e mooth to naKed eyeR +ut under len ho;ing minute tran?ere -iureR +oth
doral and ?entral uture e?identR +ut not prominentR hort talK atta,hed to +ae o- -ruit
and rounded dital end mu,ronateR peri,arp thinR hard and ;oodyR -ruit initially di?ided
+y tran?ere epta a+out / mmR apartR ea,h ,ontaining a ingle eed atta,hed to ?entral
uture +y a long darKR threadHliKe -uni,le a+out 3H12 +y 2H3 mmR ,ir,ular to o?alR
-lattenedR reddihH+ro;nR moothR e%tremely hard and ;ith a ditin,t darK +ro;n line
e%tending -rom mi,ropyle to +aeR eed initially em+edded in a +la,K ?i,id pulp
,oniting o- +la,KR thinR hiningR ,ir,ular di, liKe mae ha?ing ,entral depreion o-
eed on +oth ur-a,e or a +roKen pie,e adhered ;ith ea,h otherR ;hen dipped in ;ater
maKe yello; olution ;hi,h darKne to +ro;nihHyello; to darK +ro;nR on KeepingR
pulp -ill the ,ell +ut hrinK on drying and adhere to +oth ide o- tetaR eed o-ten lye
looe in their egmentR odour -aintR i,KlyR tateR ;eet!
(

Al,oholHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than .2 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H 5ugarR mu,ilageR pe,tin and anthraLuinone!
0aa S MadhuraR 9iKta
Guna S Guru
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S 0e,ana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H rag?adhPdi (?Ptha CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR GulmaR $i+andhaR >dP?artaR >dararogaR HYdrogaR Prameha
DO5* H /H14 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!
NoteSH 9he marKet material ,ontain eedR epta et,!R ;hi,h -orm the -oreign Matter and
hould +e eparated +e-ore ue!

'*
2! ArKa (0t!"
A0(A (0oot"
ArKa ,onit o- dried root o- Calotropi pro,era (Ait!" 0! &r! (#am!
A,lepiada,eae" -ound ;ild more or le throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 0a?iR &hPnuR 9apana
Aamee S AKandR AKan
&engali S AKandaR AKone
*nglih S Madar 9ree
GuGrati S AaKado
Hindi S AaKR MadarR AKa?ana
(annada S *KKaR *KKadagidaR *KKegida
(ahmiri S A,Ka
Malayalam S *riKKu
Marathi S 0ui
Oriya S AraKha
PunGa+i S AK
9amil S $elleruKKuR *ruKKu
9elugu S Jilledu
>rdu S MadarR AaK
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0ootHroughR -iured longitudinallyR ,orKy and o-tR e%ternally yello;ihHgrey
;hile internally ;hiteR ,entral ,ore ,ream ,olouredR +arK eaily eparated -rom %ylemR
odourR ,hara,teriti,S tateR +itter and a,rid!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- root ho; outer mot ,orK tiue ,oniting o- .H3 ro; o-
tangentially elongated and radially arranged ,ell -ollo;ed +y 'H2 ro; o- moderately
thi,KH;alledR irregular ,ell o- e,ondary ,orte% de?oid o- ,al,ium o%alate ,rytal and
tar,h grainR ,orte% ,ompoed o- large polyhedral paren,hymatou ,ell ,ontaining
a+undant rounded tar,h grainR ome ,orti,al ,ell ,ontain roette ,rytal o- ,al,ium
o%alateR ,attered lati,i-er ,ell ;ith +ro;n ,ontentR phloem ,onit o- ie?e element
and phloem paren,hyamaR ie?e tu+e thi,KH;alledR ,ell more prominent to;ard inner
region o- phloem tra?ered +y uni to tetraeriate medullary rayR phloem ,ell ,ontain
,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR tar,h grain and lati,i-er imilar to thee -ound in ,orte%S
,am+ium preent Gut ;ithin the phloem ,oniting o- 2H/ ro; o- thinH;alledR
tangentially elongated ,ell %ylem -orm the ,entral part o- root ,ompoed o- ?eel!
''
tra,heidR -i+re and %ylem paren,hymaR ?eel preent throughout %ylem region and
arranged radially in group o- 2H1R ometime ingle ?eel alo o,,urR uually
,ylindri,al ha?ing +ordered pit on their ;allR %ylem -i+re longR ligni-ied ;ith ;ide
lumenR tapering on end and ha?e imple pit on ;allR medullary ray 1H. eriate and
trieriate in outer region and uni or +ieriate in inner regionS ,ell o- medullary ray
radially elongatedR -illed ;ith tar,h imilar to thoe preent in ,orti,al ,ell!

9otal Ah Not more than . per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!'!
CON59:9>*N95 H Gly,oide (,alotropin"!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S Laghu
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S DXpanaR (apha?PtahYtR &hedanaR (YmighnaR $raZaharaR $iWaghnaR
(uWhaghna

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H MahP?iWagar+ha 9ailaR DhPn?antara GhYta

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H GulmaR (YmirogaR (aZ[VR (uWUhaR >dararogaR $raZaR 7?Pa
DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

'.
1! ArKa (L-!"
A0(A (Lea-"
ArKa ,onit o- dried lea?e o- Calotropi pro,era (Ait!" 0!&r! (#am!
A,lepiada,eae"R -ound ;ild more or le throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S &hPnuR 0a?iR 9apana
Aamee S AKanR AKand
&engali S AKandaR AKone
*nglih S Madar 9ree
GuGrati S AaKado
Hindi S AaKR AKa?anaR Madar
(annada S *KKaR *KKadagidaR *KKegida
(ahmiri S A,Ka
Malayalam S *riKKu
Marathi S 0ui
Oriya S AraKha
PunGa+i S AK
9amil S *ruKKuR $elleruKKu
9elugu S Jilledu
>rdu S AaKR Madar
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5u+HeileR 2H1/ ,m +y .!/H3 ,mR +roadly o?ateR o?ateHo+longR ellipti, or
o+o?ate a,uteR pu+e,ent ;hen young and gla+rou on +oth ide on maturity!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
Midri+Htran?ere e,tion through midri+ ho; an upper and lo;er ingle layered
epidermi e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith thi,KR triated ,uti,leR -e; epidermal ,ell on +oth
ur-a,e o- lea- elongated to -orm un iHeriateR 2H' ,elled tri,homeR epidermal ,ell
,u+i,al and radially elongatedR epidermi -ollo;ed +y 'H3 layered ,ollen,hyma on +oth
lo;er and upper ur-a,eR paren,hymatou ,ell thinH;alledR iodiametri, to ,ir,ular
;ith inter,ellular pa,e preent in ground tiueR tele ,re,ent haped ,ompoed o-
+i,ollateral and open ?a,ular +undleR %ylem ,onit motly o- ?eel and tra,heidR a
trip o- ,am+ium preent +et;een %ylem and phloem tiueR lati,i-er alo preent in the
phloem and paren,hymatou @one!
LaminaHdori?entral ;ith meophyll di--erentiated into a paliade and pongy tiueR
upper and lo;er epidermi ,o?ered e%ternally ;ith a thi,KR triated ,uti,leR +elo; upper
'0
epidermi three ro; o- elongatedR ,loely arranged paliade paren,hyma preentR
pongy paren,hyma tiue almot radially elongated ;ith inter,ellular pa,eR ,entral
,ell irregular in hapeR lati,i-er and ?a,ular +undle alo preent ,attered in thi
region

A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than / per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!
Al,oholHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than / per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 2. per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H Gly,oide (Calotropin"!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S LaghuR 5araR 5nigdha
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S &hedanaR DXpanaR (YmighnaR $iWaghnaR $raZaharaR $PtahYtR 7ophaR
7?Pahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H ArKala?aZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7?PaR GulmaR (YmirogaR (aZ[VR (uWUhaR $raZaR 7othaR
7leWmodara 0ogaR PlXhProgaR Ara
DO5* H 2/4H1/4 mg o- the drug in po;der -orm!

')
3! Aana (Ht!8d!"
A5ANA
Aana ,onit o- heartH;ood o- Ptero,arpu marupium 0o%+! (#am!
Leguminoae"R a moderate to large i@edR de,iduou treeR upto '4 m high and 2!/ m in
girthR ;ith traight ,lear +oleR -ound motly throughout GuGaratR Madhya Pradeh &ihar and
Oria!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S &XGaKaR PXtaPraR AanaKaR &XGaPra
Aamee S AaGar
&engali S PiyaalaR Pitaala
*nglih S :ndian (ino 9ree
GuGrati S &iyo
Hindi S $iGayaaraR &iGa
(annada S &iGaaraR Aana
(ahmiri S Lal Chandeur
Malayalam S $enga
Marathi S &i+ala
Oriya S Piahala
PunGa+i S Chandan LalR Channanlal
9amil S $engai
9elugu S AegiR $egia
>rdu S &iGaar
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Drug o,,ur a irregular pie,e in ?aria+le i@e and thi,KneR golden yello;ihH
+ro;n ;ith darKer treaKR on oaKing :n ;ater gi?e yello; ,olour olution ;ith +lue
-luore,en,e trongR toughR ?ery hardR moderately hea?yR -ra,tureR di--i,ult to +reaK +ut
+rittleR tateR atringent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion ho; alternating +and o- larger and maller polygonal ,ell
,oniting o- tra,heidR -i+re tra,heidR %ylem paren,hyma and tra?ered +y %ylem rayR
numerou %ylem ?eel ditri+uted throughoutR in ingle or in group o- 2H'R ho;ing
tyloe -illed ;ith tanninR in iolated preparationR ?eelR drum or +arrel haped ;ith
;ellHmarKed per-oration rim and +ordered pitR tra,heid numerouR longR thi,KH;alled
;ith tapering end and imple pitR -i+re tra,heid elongatedR thi,KH;alled ;ith narro;
lumen and imple pitR %ylem paren,hyma re,tangular ;ith imple pitR paratra,healR
'7
urrounding ?eelR %ylem ray uniHtoH+ieriateR 'H/H1 ,ell highR primati, ,rytal o-
,al,ium o%alate preent in ,rytal -i+reR tar,h a+ent!
Po;derS &ro;n to ,ho,olate ,olourR under mi,ro,ope ho; ?eel ;ith +ordered pitR
-i+re tra,heidR tra,heidR -ragment o- %ylem ray and -e; ,rytal -i+reR tar,h a+ent!

A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than 4!/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than / per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid and rein!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S (uWhaghnaR 0aPyanaR (aphapittaTPmaKaQ GaladoTaghnaR (eTyaR
9?a,,yaR 5tam+hanaR 0aKtaTodhana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H NyagrodhPdi CVrZaR Aana?il?Pdi 9aila

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H (YmirogaR (uWUhaR PramehaR PPZ[uR MedodoWa
DO5* H /4H144 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

',
6! AhoKa (5t! &K!"
A7O(A
AToKa ,onit o- dried tem +arK o- 5ara,a ao,a (0oe!" De! 8illd R 5yn! 5ara,a
indi,a Linn! (#am! Leguminoae"R ,olle,ted in pring -rom matureR ;ild or ,ulti?ated treeR
-ound in Central and *atern HimalayaR 8etern Ghat and De,,an!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (a]Keli
Aamee S AhoKa
&engali S AhoKa
*nglih S AoK 9ree
GuGrati S AhoKa
Hindi S AhoKa
(annada S AhoKadamaraR AhoKamaraR (anKalimara
(ahmiri S AhoK
Malayalam S AoKam
Marathi S AhoK
Oriya S AhoKa
PunGa+i S AoK
9amil S AogamR AoguR AoKam
9elugu S AhoKapatta
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
&arK ,hannelledR e%ternally darK green to greenih greyR mooth ;ith ,ir,ular
lenti,el and tran?erely ridgedR ometime ,ra,KedR internally reddihH+ro;n ;ith -ine
longitudinal trand and -i+erR -ra,ture plintery e%poing triated ur-a,eR a thin
;hitih ,ontinuou layer i een +eneath the ,orK layerR tateR atringent!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- tem +arK ho; periderm ,oniting o- a ;ide layer o- ,orKR
radially -lattened narro; ,orK ,am+iumR e,ondary ,orte% ;ide ;ith one or t;o
,ontinuou layer o- tone ,ell ;ith many pat,he o- ,lereidR paren,hymatou tiue
,ontain yello; mae and primati, ,rytalS e,ondary phloem ,onit o- phloem
paren,hymaR ie?e tu+e ;ith ,ompanion ,ell and phloem -i+re o,,uring in groupR
,rytal -i+re preent!
'8

Al,ohol (64 per ,ent" Not le than 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
olu+le e%tra,ti?e

CON59:9>*N95 H 9annin and a ,rytalline gly,oide!

0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S HYdyaR $iWaghnaR GrPhXR $arZyaR 7othahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H AToKPriWUaR AToKaghYta

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR DPhaR AYgdaraR Apa,XR 0aKtadoWa
DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

'-
14! A?agandha (0t!"
A7$AGANDH
AT?agandhP ,onit o- dried mature root o- 8ithania omni-era Dunal! (#am!
5olana,eae"R a perennial hru+R -ound in ;ate landR ,ulti?ated -ield and open ground
throughout :ndiaR ;idely ,ulti?ated in ,ertain area o- Madhya Pradeh and 0aGathan R
root ,olle,ted in ;interR ;ahed and ,ut into hort pie,e!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S HayagandhPR $PGigandhP
Aamee S Ah?agandha
&engali S Ah?agandha
*nglih S HH
GuGrati S Agandha
Hindi S Agandh
(annada S Angar+eruR HiremaddinaHgida
(ahmiri S Aagandh
Malayalam S AmuKKuram
Marathi S AagandhaR AKagandha
Oriya S A;agandha
PunGa+i S Agandh
9amil S AmuKKaramKi@angu
9elugu S Pennerugadda
>rdu S Agand
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0oot traightR un+ran,hedR thi,Kne ?arying ;ith age! root +ear -i+reHliKe
e,ondary rootR outer ur-a,e +u-- to greyHyello; ;ith longitudinal ;rinKleR ,ro;n
,onit o- 2H2 remain o- tem +aeR tem +ae ?ariouly thi,KenedR node prominent
only on the ide -rom ;here petiole arieR ,ylindri,alR green ;ith longitudinal ;rinKleR
-ra,tureR hort and une?enR odourR ,hara,teriti,R tateR +itter and a,rid!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- root ho; ,orK e%-oliated or ,ruhedR ;hen preent
iodiamatri, and nonHligni-iedR ,orK ,am+ium o- 2H. di--ued ro; o- ,ellR e,ondary
,orte% a+out t;enty layer o- ,ompa,t paren,hymatou ,ellR phloem ,onit o- ie?e
tu+eR ,ompanion ,ellR phloem paren,hymaR ,am+ium .H/ ro; o- tangentially
elongated ,ellR e,ondary %ylem hard -orming a ,loed ?a,ular ring eparated +y
multieriate medullary rayR a -e; %ylem paren,hyma
'(

(2/ per ,ent"
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Nil Appendi% 2!2!1!

A55AA
A;agandha ,onit o- not le than 4!2 per ,ent o- total alKaloidR ;hen aayed a
-ollo;S
9aKe a+out '4g a,,urately ;eighed o- the po;dered drugR ,o?er ;ith Al,ohol (64
per ,ent" and allo; to tand o?ernight! *%tra,t -or 2 hour o ;et apparatu and
,on,entrate to a yrup reidue! 9reat ;ith 2/R 24R 1/ and 14 ml portion o- / per ,ent
5ulphuri, A,id until ,omplete e%tra,tion o- alKaloid i a--e,ted!
9o the ,om+ined a,id e%tra,t add an e%,e o- Dragandor-^ reagent! #ilter under
u,tion and diol?e the reidue in A,etoneR 5haKe the a,etone olution ;ith -rehly
prepared upenion o- 2ml 5il?er Car+onate in 14 ml o- 8ater! #ilter the olution and
;ah the pre,ipitate ;ith A,etoneR Al,ohol and ;ater in that order! Pa u--i,ient
Hydrogen 5ulphide through the -iltrate! &oil the olution -or 14 minuteR :nter and
e?aporate under ?a,uum in a tared -laK! Add to the reidue / ml o- *thyl Al,ohol H
e?aporate to dryneR repeat the pro,e on,e again and ;eight the reidue to ,ontant
;eight in a ?a,uum dei,ator!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid and ;ithanolide!

0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S Laghu
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S 0aPyanaR $PtaKaphPpahaR &alyaR $PGXKaraZa

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H AT?agandhPdyariWUaR AT?agandhPdi LehaR
&alPT?agandha LPKWPdi 9aila

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR (WayaR Daur+alyaR $PtarogaR (lai+ya
.*
11! A?attha (&K!"
A7$A99HA
AT?attha ,onit o- dried +arK o- #i,u religioa Linn! (#am! Mora,eaeR a large
perennial treeR gla+rou ;hen youngR -ound throughout the plain o- :ndia upto 114 m
altitude in the HimalayaR largely planted a an a?enue and roadide tree epe,ially near
temple!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S Pippala
Aamee S Ahant
&engali S A?atthaR AhudR Ah?attha
*nglih S Pipal tree
GuGrati S PiploR JariR PiparoR Pipalo
Hindi S PipalaR Pipal
(annada S ArloR 0anGiR &ariR Ah?atthanaraR Ah;athaR AralimaraR AralegidaR
Ah?athamaraR &aariR Ah?attha
(ahmiri S &ad
Malayalam S Arayal
Marathi S PipalR PimpalR Pippal
Oriya S A;atha
PunGa+i S PipalR Pippal
9amil S Ah;arthanR AraamaramR AraanR ArauR Arara
9elugu S 0a?i,hettu
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
&arK o,,ur in -lat or lightly ,ur?ed pie,eR ?arying -rom 1!4H2!/ ,m or more in
thi,KneR outer ur-a,e +ro;n or ah ,olouredR ur-a,e une?en due to e%-oliation o-
,orKR inner ur-a,e mooth and ome;hat +ro;nihR -ra,tureR -i+rouR tateR atringent!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- +arK ho; ,ompreed re,tangular to ,u+i,alR thi,KH;alled ,orK
,ell and dead element o- e,ondary ,orte%R ,oniting o- mae o- tone ,ellR ,orK
,am+ium ditin,t ;ith 'H. ro; o- ne;ly -ormed e,ondary ,orte%R motly ,ompoed o-
tone ,ell to;ard peripheryR tone ,ell -ound ,attered in large groupR rarely iolatedR
mot o- paren,hymatou ,ell o- e,ondary ,orte% ,ontain numerou tar,h grain and
-e; primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR e,ondary phloem a ;ide @oneR ,oniting o-
ie?e elementR phloem -i+re in ingle or in group o- 2 to many and nonHligni-iedR
numerou ,rytal -i+re alo preentR in outer region ie?e element motly ,ollaped
.'
;hile in inner region inta,tR phloem paren,hyma motly thi,KH;alledR tone ,ell preent
in ingle or in mall group imilar to thoe in e,ondary ,orte%R a num+er o- rayH,ell
and phloem paren,hyma -illed ;ith +ro;n pigmentR primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium
o%alate and tar,h grain preent in a num+er o- paren,hymatou ,ellR medullary ray
uni to multieriateR ;ider to;ard outer periphery ,ompoed o- thi,KH;alled ,ell ;ith
imple pitR in tangential e,tion ray ,ell ,ir,ular to o?al in hapeR ,am+ium ;hen
preentR ,onit o- 2H. layer o- thinH;alled re,tangular ,ell!

A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than 4!' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!

CON59:9>*N95 H 9annin!

0aa S (aWPya
Guna S GuruR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S $arZyaR (aphapitta?inPXR 5a]grPhXR &hagnaandhPnaKaraR MVtraa
]grahaZiya

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H NyagrodhPdi CVrZaR NyagrodhPdi (?Ptha CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H PramehaR 0aKtapittaR $raZaR $PtaraKtaR AonidoWa

..
12! Atai (5d!"
A9A5)
AtaX ,onit o- driedR ripe eed o- Linum uitatiimum Linn! (#am! Lina,eae"R
an ere,t annual her+R 4!2H1!2 m highR e%teni?ely ,ulti?ated throughout the plain o-:ndia
upto an altitude o- 344 mR ,apule ripen +y end o- JuneR dried eed eparated -rom ,apule
+y thrahing!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S >mPR (WumP
Aamee S 9iiR 9ui
&engali S MainaR Atai
*nglih S Lineed
GuGrati S AlhiR Arai
Hindi S Ali
(annada S Agae+eeGaR 5emeagareR Agai
(ahmiri S Ali
Malayalam S AgathaR AgaiR Cheru ,harm
Marathi S Athi
Oriya S Atuhi
PunGa+i S Ali
9amil S AliR $irai
9elugu S A?ia
>rdu S AliR (atan
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5eed mallR +ro;nR gloy ;ith minutely pitted ur-a,eR a+out .H2 mm long and
2H2!/ mm in ma%imum ;idthR elongatedHo?oidR -lattenedR rounded at one end and
o+liLuely pointed at the otherR near ;hi,h on one edgeR a light depreion en,loing
hilum and mi,ropyleR em+ryo ,oniting o- t;o yello;ihH;hiteR -lattened plano,on?e%
,otyledon and a radi,leR nearly -ill the eed and ,ompletely urrounded +y a thinR
;hitih endopermR +oth endoperm and em+ryo oilyR teta mu,ilaginou ;hen oaKed in
;aterR odourR ,hara,teriti,R tateR oily ;hen ,he;ed!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- eed ho; teta ,onit o- iodiametri, ,ell ;ith
mu,ilaginou outer ;allR ,ollen,hymatou ,ell o- middle layer o- eed ,oat ,ylindri,alR
ingle layeredR yello;ih +ro;nR longitudinally elongatedR a+out 124H164= long and
1.H11 = ;ideR thi,KR ligni-ied and ;ith pitted ;allR ingle layer o- -lattened polygonal
pigment ,ell ;ith reddihH+ro;n ,ontentR aleurone grain in the ,otyledonR upto 24 =
.0
in diameterR ea,h ;ith glo+oid and ,rytalloidR a+undant glo+ule o- -i%ed oil and
o,,aional tar,h grain preent!

9otal Ah Not more than / per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!'!
Al,oholHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than '4 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!
#i%ed oil Not le than 2/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!3

CON59:9>*N95 H #i%ed oilR mu,ilage and protein!

Guna S GuruR 5nigdha
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S $PtaghnaR A,aKWuWya

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5arWapPdi 9aila

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H (YmirogaR (uWUhaR Pram_haR 7ir`r`ga

.)
1'! Ati+ala (0t!"
A9:&AL
Ati+alP ,onit o- root o- A+utilon indi,um (Linn!" 5;eet (#am! Mal?a,eae"R a
hairy her+ or underHhru+ 1!4H1!/ m highR annual or more o-ten perennial ;ith golden
yello; -lo;erR -lo;ering motly throughout the year -ound a+undantly throughout the
hotter part o- :ndiaR a a ,ommon ;eed on road ide and other ;ate pla,e in plain and
hillR upto an ele?ation o- 244 m!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (anKatiKaR JWyapr`KtP
Aamee S Jaya?andhaR Jayapateri
&engali S &adela
*nglih S :ndian Mallo;
GuGrati S (anaKiR (hapat
Hindi S (anghi
(annada S 5hrimudrigidaR MudragidaR 9uru+e
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S >ramR (atu?anR >ru+amR >ra+amR $anKuruntottR OorpamR 9utti
Marathi S ChaKra+hendiR PetariR Mudra
Oriya S PedipidiKa
PunGa+i S (angiR (angi+ooti
9amil S 9uttiR 9huthi
9elugu S 9utturu+enda
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
9ap rootR -airly long ;ith a num+er o- lateral +ran,heR 1!/H2 ,m in diameterR
light +ro;nR outer ur-a,e mooth ;ith dot liKe lenti,elR +arK thin and ,an +e eaily
peeled o--R odourR -ee+leR tateR atringent and +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- root ho; a thin ,orK o- .H1 or more tangentially elongated
re,tangular ,ellR ,orK ,am+iumR ingle layeredR and at the lenti,el region -ollo;ed +y
2H' layer o- e,ondary ,orte% o- thinH;alledR almot ,u+i,al or re,tangular ,ellR
,ontaining mall ,luter o- ,al,ium o%alate in mot o- ,ellR phellogen -ollo;ed +y 'H.
layer o- thinH;alled ,ell o- ,orte%R ome ,ell o- ,orte% ;hi,h are a+o?e the ,oni,al
trand o- +atR ,ruhedR mall tar,h grainR 2H6 = in diameterR preent in ome o- the
,ell R phloem -orm the maGor portion o- +arK and preent a ,oni,al trand ;ith their
+ae to;ard the ;ood and ;ith dilate dital end o- the primary medullary ray in
.7
+et;een themR -i+reR preent in group o- 14H12 in thee ,oni,al trandR in tangential
ro;R alternating ;ith thinH;alled phloem elementR to;ard ;ood -i+re groupR element
in +et;een the -i+re motly ,onit o- phloem paren,hymaR 5ome ,ell ,ontain ,luter
,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate and a -e; other ha?e tar,h grainR ome phloem ,ell
to;ard periphery appear ,ompreed and ,ruhedR inner to phloemR a ,am+ium preentR
,oniting o- 1H2 ro; o- narro;R thinH;alled re,tangular ,ellR ;ood ,ompoed o-
?eelR ;ood -i+reR ;ood paren,hyma and medullary ray ?eel ?ary in diameter and
arranged in radial group o- 2H.R alo o,,ur in ingleR ome ,ell ho; tyloe
-ormationR paren,hyma thi,KH;alled and lightly ;ider than -i+re ,ellR +ut le
thi,KenedR ingle or rarely ,ompound tar,h grain preentR tetrar,h +undle or primary
%ylem preent at the ,entre o- ;oodR medullary ray uni or +ieriate ;iden mu,h to;ard
dital endR mot o- the ray ,ell ,ontain tar,h grain and ome ,ontain ,luter o-
,al,ium o%alateR tar,h grain preent in ;ood larger than thoe o- +arK regionR a -e; ray
,ell at ,entre o- the root ,ontain rhom+oidal ,rytal!

A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than ' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!
Al,oholHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than ' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!

CON59:9>*N95 H Aparagin!

0aa S Madhura
Guna S 5nigdha
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S &alyaR $PtaharaR $YWyaR GrPhi

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H &alP 9ailaR NPrPyaZa 9ailaR MahPnPrPyana 9aila

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 0aKtapittaR $PtaraKtaR M_ha

.,
1.! Ati?iha (0t!"
A9:$:<
Ati?iWP ,onit o- driedR tu+erou root o- A,onitum heterophyllum 8all! e%!
0oyle (#amR 0anun,ula,eae"R a perennial her+R nati?e o- ;etern Himalaya and -ound in
Garh;alR (umaon and (ahmir at altitude +et;een 2R/44H.R444 m!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S AruZPR GhuZapriyPR $iWP!
Aamee S Aati,h
&engali S Atai,ha
*nglih S Ati 0oot
GuGrati S Ati?ihni (aliR Ati?iKhani (ali
Hindi S Ati
(annada S Ati?ihaR Athihage
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S Ati?idayamR Ati?itayam
Marathi S Ati?iha
Oriya S Atuhi
PunGa+i S AtiaR Atee
9amil S Ati?idayam
9elugu S Ati?aa
>rdu S Atee
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0ootR o?oidH,oni,alR tapering do;n;ard to a printR 2!4H1!/ ,m longR 4!.H1!2 ,m
or more thi,K at it upper e%tremityR gradually de,reaing in thi,Kne to;ard tapering
endR e%ternally light ahHgreyR ;hite or greyH+ro;nR ;hile internally tar,h ;hiteR
e%ternal ur-a,e ;rinKled marKed ;ith ,ar o- -allen rootlet and ;ith a roette o- ,aly
rudimentary lea?e on topS -ra,tureR hortR tar,hyR ho;ing uni-orm ;hite ur-a,eR
marKed to;ard ,entre +y .H1 ,on,entri,ally arranged yello;ihH+ro;n dotR
,orreponding to end o- -i+ro?a,ular +undle tra?ering root longitudinally tateR +itter
;ith no tingling enation!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- mature root ho;R ingle layered epidermi ,oniting o-
light +ro;n ta+ular ,ell rupturing on -ormation o- ,orKR ,orK ,onit o- /H14 ro; o-
tangentially elongatedR thinH;alled ,ellR ,orK ,am+ium ingle layered ,oniting o-
tangentially elongatedR thinH;alled ,ellR ,orte% mu,h ;ider ,oniting o- tangentially
elongated or roundedR thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell ;ith inter,ellular pa,eR ,ell
.8
-ully pa,Ked ;ith +oth imple a ;ell a ,ompound tar,h grainR ,ompound tar,h gain
,ompoed o- 2H. ,omponent o- pheri,al +odyR endodermi ditin,t ,ompoed o- +arrelH
haped ,ellR element o- ?a,ular +undle poorly de?elopedR ?a,ular +undleR arranged
in a ringR interH-a,i,ular ,am+ium preent in -orm o- a ring ,ompoed o- -e; layered
thinH;alled ,ellR ,entral ,ore ,oniting o- thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ellR poeing
tar,h grain imilar to thoe -ound in ,orti,al ,ell!
Po;derH Ah ,oloured to light +ro;nR under mi,ro,ope ho; a+undant imple and
,ompound tar,h grain and paren,hymatou ,ell!

8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 2. per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid (atiineR dihydroatiineR hetiined and heteratiine"!
0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S DXpanaR PP,anaR 5a]grPhiKPR (aphapittahara!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H MahP?iWagar+ha 9ailaR 0odhrPa?aR 7i?P GuiKPR
LaKaWmXnPrPyaZa 0aaR 0PnairaZ[Pdi (?Ptha C
VrZaR 5udarTana CVrZaR Paa,atiKta Guggulu GhYtaR
&Pla Chatur+hadriKP CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H (YmirogaR J?araR (PaR ChardiR AmPtiPra
DO5* H 4!2H2!4 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

.-
1/! &a++ula (5t! &K!"
&A&&=LA
&a++Vla ,onit o- dried mature tem +arK o- A,a,ia niloti,a (Linn!" 8illd! e%!
Del! p! indi,a (&enth!" &renanR 5yn! A,a,ia ara+i,a 8illd! (#am! Leguminoae" R a
moderate i@edR pinyR e?ergreen tree -ound throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S &P?arXR (inKirPta
Aamee S &a+ala
&engali S &a+la
*nglih S &a+ula treeR :ndian gum ara+i, tree
GuGrati S &a?alR (aloa+a?al
Hindi S &a+ulaR &a+uraR (iKar
(annada S 5harmeeruKaR (ari JailR (ari go+liR Pulai Jali
(ahmiri S 5aK
Malayalam S $elutha (aru?elan
Marathi S &a+hulR &a+hula
Oriya S &a+ulaR &a+ala
PunGa+i S (iKKar
9amil S (aru?elanR (aru?el
9elugu S NallatummaR 9humma
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
&arK hardR darK +ro;n or +la,KR deeply -iured tran?erely and longitudinallyR
inner ur-a,eR reddih +ro;nR longitudinally triated and -i+rouR +reaK ;ith di--i,ulty
and e%hi+it a -i+rou -ra,tureR tateR atringent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- mature +arK ho;R 1/H2/ layeredR thinH;alledR lightly -lattened
motly re,tangularR +ro;n ,oloured ,orK ,ellR a -e; lenti,el -ormed +y rupturing o-
,orK ,ellR e,ondary ,orti,al ,ell o?ate to elongatedR many tanni-erou tone ,el1R
?aria+le in hape and i@e preent in large groupR e,ondary phloem ,onit o- ie?e
tu+eR ,ompanion ,ellR -i+reR ,rytal -i+re and phloem paren,hyma phloem -i+re in
many group and thi,KH;alledR phloem tiue -illed ;ith reddih or +ro;n ,ontent
preentR ,rytal -i+re thi,KH;alledR elongatedR di?ided +y tran?ere epta into egmentR
ea,h ,ontain a primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR medullary ray uni toHmultiH eriate
.(
run almot traightR ray ,ell elongated to polygonalR 24H2. ,ell high and 2H/ ,ell ;ideR
,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate -ound ,attered amongt the tone ,ellb,el1 o- e,ondary
,orte% and phloem paren,hyma!
Po;derHPo;der a u,h reddih +ro;n ,olouredR under mi,ro,ope many primati,
,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR tone ,ellR +oth ;ith narro; and ;ide lumen and triation
and ,rytal -i+re een!

9otal Ah Not more than 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!'!
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than . per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H 9annin and gum!

0aa S (aWPya
Guna S GuruR 0VKWaR $aTada
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S GrPhXR (aphaharaR $iWaghna!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H MYtaaaGX?anX 5urPR &a++VlPriWUa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H (PaR (YmirogaR (uWUhaR AtiPra

0*
12! &aKu,hi (#rt"
&(>C)
&PKu,X ,onit o- dry ripe -ruit o- Poralea ,oryli-olia Linn! (#am!
Leguminoae"R an ere,tR 4!'H1!3 m high annual her+R ditri+uted throughout :ndiaR -ound
,ommonly in >ttar PradehR &engal and Maharahtra!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S A?alguGaR 5omarPGX
Aamee S Ha+u,ha
&engali S &aKu,hiR 5omraGiR HaKu,ha $eeGa
*nglih S HH
GuGrati S &a?a,hi
Hindi S &a+,hiR &a?a,hiR &aKu,hi
(annada S &au,higeR &ha?anti+eeGaR &ha?an,higidR &auKu,hi
(ahmiri S &a+,hi
Malayalam S (arKoKil
Marathi S &a;,hi
Oriya S &aKu,hi
PunGa+i S &a+,hiR &a?,hi
9amil S (arpoKariiR (arpogalariiR (ar+ogalarii
9elugu S &a?an,halu
>rdu S &a+,hi
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruitR darK ,ho,olate to almot +la,K ;ith peri,arp adhering to the eedH,oatR
'H.!/ mm longR 2H' mm +roadR o?oidHo+long or +ean hapedR ome ;hat ,ompreedR
gla+rou rounded or mu,ronateR ,loely pittedR eed ,ampylotropouR nonH
endopermouR oily and -ree -rom tar,hR odourleR +ut ;hen ,he;ed mell o- a pungent
eential oil -eltR tateR +itterR unpleaant and a,rid!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- -ruit ho; perio,arp ;it+ prominent ridge and
depreionR ,oniting o- ,ollaped paren,hyma and large e,retory gland ,ontaining
oleoHreinou matter tetaR an outer layer o- paliade epidermiR layer o- +earer ,ell
;hi,h are mu,h thi,Kened in the inner tangential and +aal radial ;all and 2H' layer o-
paren,hymaR ,otyledon o- polyhedral paren,hyma and three layer o- paliade ,ell on
the ada%ial ide!
0'

Al,oholHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 1' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oilR -i%ed oilR Poralen R poralidinR ioporalen and
+aKu,hiol!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S GrPhXR 7leWmPrapittanutR $raZPpahaR HYdya!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5omarPGX 9ailaR A?alguGPdi Lepa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H J?araR (YmirogaR (uWUhaR MehaR 7?itra

0.
11! &i+hitaKa (#rt!"
&:&H)9A(A
&i+hXtaKa ,onit o- peri,arp o- dried ripe -ruit o- 9erntinalia +eleri,a 0o%+!
(#am! Com+reta,eae"R a large de,iduou treeR 14H12 m or more highR ,ommonly -ound in
plain and -oret upto 644 m ele?ationR -ruit ripen to;ard No?em+er!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S $i+hXtaR AKWaR AKWaKa
Aamee S &homoraR &homraR &haira
&engali S &ayadaR &aheda
*nglih S &eleri, Myro+alan
GuGrati S &ahedan
Hindi S &ahera
(annada S 9are KaiR 5hanti (ayi
(ahmiri S &a+eloR &alali
Malayalam S 9anniKKa
Marathi S &aheda
Oriya S &aheda
PunGa+i S &ahera
9amil S 9hanriKKai
9elugu S 9haniKKaya
>rdu S &ahera
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruit nearly pheri,al to o?oidR 2!/H.!4 ,m in diameterR -reh ripe -ruit lightly
il?ery or ;ith ;hitih hiny pu+e,ent ur-a,eR mature -ruit grey or grayih +ro;n ;ith
lightly ;rinKled appearan,eR rind o- -ruit ho; ?ariation in thi,Kne -rom 'H/ mmR
tateR atringent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- -ruit ho; an outer epi,arp ,oniting o- a layer o- epidermiR
mot o- epidermal ,ell elongate to -orm hair liKe protu+eran,e ;ith ;ollen +aeR
,ompoed o- a @one o- paren,hymatou ,ellR lightly tangentially elongated and
irregularly arrangedR intermingled ;ith tone ,ell o- ?arying hape and i@eR elongated
tone ,ell -ound to;ard periphery and pheri,al in the inner @one o- meo,arp in
group o- 'H14R meo,arp tra?ered in ?ariou dire,tion +y numerou ?a,ular trandR
+undle ,ollateralR endar,hR imple tar,h grain and ome tone ,ell -ound in mot o-
meo,arp ,ellR -e; peripheral layer de?oid o- tar,h grainR roette o- ,al,ium o%alate
00
and tone ,ell preent in paren,hymatou ,ellR endoperm ,ompoed o- tone ,ell
running longitudinally a ;ell a tran?erely!

8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than '/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H Galli, a,idR tanni, a,id and gly,oide!

0aa S (aWPya
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S CaKWuWyaR (eTyaR (aphapittaGitR &hedaKaR (YminPTanaR (Pahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 9riphalP CVrZaR 9riphalPdi 9ailaR La?a]agPdi $aUX

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ChardiR (PaR (YmirogaR $i+andhaR 5?ara+hedaR Netraroga
DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -rom!

0)
13! &il?a (#rt! Pulp"
&:L$A
&il?a ,onit o- pulp o- entireR unripe or hal- ripe -ruit o- Aegle marmelo Carr!
(#am! 0uta,eae"R a treeR attaining a height o- 12 m gro;ing ;ild and alo ,ulti?ated
throughout the ,ountryR rind o- -ruit i remo?ed and pulp i +ruied and dried!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 7rXphala
Aamee S &aelR $ael
&engali S &elaR &il?a
*nglih S &engal cuin,eR &ael -ruit
GuGrati S &illR &ilumR &il?aphal
Hindi S &elaR 5riphalR &el
(annada S &il?a
(ahmiri S &el
Malayalam S (oo?alam
Marathi S &elR &aela
Oriya S &ela
PunGa+i S &il
9amil S $il?am
9elugu S Maredu
>rdu S &el
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruitR u+Hglo+oeR /H13 ,m in diameterR e%ternally greenih ;hen youngR
yello;ihH+ro;n ;hen ripeR rind a+out 1!/ mmH' mm thi,KR hard and ;oodyR ur-a,e
mooth or lightly granular +earing a ,ir,ular ,ar at the point o- atta,hment ;ith
pedun,leR ,arpelR 14H1/R ,entralR ea,h ,ontaining e?eral hairy eed em+edded in
yello;ih+ro;nR e%tremely ti,Ky mu,ilageR eed o+longR -latR ;oodyR and ha?ing ;hite
hairR -reh pulp o- ripe -ruitR +ro;nR o- ti,Ky hreadR dried pulp hard and pale to darK
red in ,olourR -reLuently +reaK a;ay -rom the rind during dryingR lea?ing a thin layer
atta,hed to itR odourR -aintly aromati,R tateR mu,ilaginou and lightly atringent!

07
CON59:9>*N95 H MarmaloinR tanninR mu,ilageR -atty oil and ugar!

Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S &alyaR DXpanaR GrPhXR PP,anaR PittaKYtR $PtaKaphahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H &il?Pdi LehaR &YhatgangPdhara CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Pra?PhiKPR AgnimPndyaR GrahaZXroga

0,
16! Chandraua (5d!"
CAND0A7=0A
CandraTVra ,onit o- dried eed o- Lepidium ati?um Linn! (#am! Cru,i-erae" a
mall ere,tR annual her+R a+out 1/H./ ,m highR ,ulti?ated throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S CandriKP
Aamee S Halim
&engali S Chand 5huraR Halim
*nglih S Common Cre
GuGrati S AeriyaR Aeliyo
Hindi S Chanur
(annada S Alli+iGaR (apila
(ahmiri S Alian
Malayalam S Aali
Marathi S Ahali?aR Hali?
Oriya S ChandaaraR Chandaura
PunGa+i S HolanR 9arateG
9amil S Alli?irai
9elugu S AdityaluR Aadalu
>rdu S Halim
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5eedR mallR o?alHhapedR pointed and triangular at one endR moothR a+out 2H'
mm longR 1H1!/ mm ;ideR reddih +ro;nR a -urro; preent on +oth ur-a,e e%tending
upto t;o third do;n;ardR a light ;ing liKe e%tenion preent on +oth the edge o-
eedR ;hen oaKed in ;ater eed ,oat ;ell and get ,o?ered ;ith a tranparentR
,olourle mu,ilageR tateR mu,ilaginou!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
Po;derHCreamHyello; ;ith a num+er o- reddihH+ro;n -ragment o- eed ,oatR
under mi,ro,ope ho; pie,e o- eed ,oatR ome ho;ing red ,olouring matter and
other ;ith uni-ormly thi,K ;allR endoperm oily!

08
CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloidR eential oilR -i%ed oil and mu,ilage!
0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWaR IiKWZa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S &alapuWUi?i?ardhanaR $PtaTleWmahYt!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (atVryPdi ($Pyu" GuUiKP

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AtiPraR HiKKPR $PtaraKta

0-
24! ChitraKa (0t!"
C:90A(A
CitraKa ,onit o- dried mature root o- Plum+ago @eylani,a Linn! (#am!
Plum+agina,eae" R a large perennial u+H,andent hru+R -ound throughout :ndia in ;ile
tate and o,,aionally ,ulti?ated in garden!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S AgniR $ahniR J?alanPKhyaR (YTPZuR HuPTaR DahanaR Huta+huKR 5iKhX
Aamee S Agiya,hitR Agna,hit
&engali S Chita
*nglih S Lead ;ar
GuGrati S ChitraKmula
Hindi S ChiraR Chitra
(annada S ChitramulaR $ahniR &ili,hitramoola
(ahmiri S ChitraR 5hatranGa
Malayalam S $ellaKedu?eliR 9humpoKKodu?eli
Marathi S ChitraKa
Oriya S ChitamulaR Chitoparu
PunGa+i S Chitra
9amil S ChitramoolamR (odi?eli
9elugu S Chitramulam
>rdu S 5heetraG HindiR Cheetah
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0oot '4 ,m or more in lengthR 2 mm or more in diameter a alo a hort tout
pie,eR in,luding root to,K reddih to deep +ro;nR ,ar o- rootlet preentR +arK thin
and +ro;nR internal tru,ture triatedR odourR diagreea+leR tateR a,rid!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- root ho; outer mot tiue o- ,orK ,oniting o- / H1 ro;R
o- ,u+i,al to re,tangular darK +ro;n ,ellR e,ondary ,orte% ,onit o- 2H' ro; o- thinH
;alled re,tangularR light +ro;n ,ellR mot o- the ,orte% ,ell ,ontain tar,h grainR
e,ondary ,orte% -ollo;ed +y a ;ide @one o- ,orte%R ,ompoed o- large polygonal to
tangentially elongated paren,hymatou ,ell ?arying in i@e and hapeR ,ontaining tar,h
grain and ome ,ell ;ith yello; ,ontentR -i+re ,attered ingly or in group o- 2H2R
phloem a narro; @one o- polygonalR thinH;alled ,ellR ,oniting o- uual element and
phloem -i+reR imilar to ,orti,al @oneR phloem -i+re uually in group o- 2H/ or more
+ut o,,aionally o,,urring inglyR ligni-ied ;ith pointed end and narro; lumenR imilar
in hape and i@e to thoe o- e,ondary ,orte%R ,am+ium inditin,tR %ylem light yello; to
0(
;hitihR ?eel radially arranged ;ith pitted thi,KeningR medullary ray traightR 1H2
eriateR ,ell radially elongated tar,h -illed ;ith tar,h grainR tone ,ell a+ent!

#oreign matter Not more than ' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
9otal Ah Not more than ' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!'!

CON59:9>*N95 H Plum+agin!

0aa S (aUu
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S 7othaharaR DXpanaR GrPhXR PP,anaR (apha?PtaharaR ArToharaR 7
Vlahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H CitraKPdi $aUXR CitraKaharXtaKXR CitraKPdi CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AgnimPndyaR GrahaZX 0ogaR ArTaR >dara 7VlaR GudaTotha
DO5* H 1H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!
Note H 7`dhana o- thi drug i to +e done +e-ore ue a de,ri+ed in the appendi%

)*
21! DhanyaKa (#rt!"
DHNAA(A
DhPnyaKa ,onit o- dried ripe -ruit o- Coriandrum ati?um Linn! (#am!
>m+elli-erae" R a lenderR gla+rouR +ran,hedR annual her+R ,ulti?ated all o?er :ndiaR '4H64
,m highR gi?ing ,hara,teriti, aroma ;hen ru++edR ,rop mature in 2H' month a-ter
o;ingR her+ i pulled out ;ith rootR a-ter dryingR -ruit threahed out and dried in unR
;inno;edR and tored in +ag!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S DhaniKaR DhPnyaR $itunnaKaR (utum+uru
Aamee S Dhaniya
&engali S DhaneR Dhania
*nglih S Coriander -ruit
GuGrati S Dhana
Hindi S Dhaniya
(annada S Ha?iGaR (otham+ari +iGa
(ahmiri S Dhani;alR Dhana;al
Malayalam S MalliR (othampatayari
Marathi S DhaneR (othim+ir
Oriya S Dhania
PunGa+i S Dhania
9amil S (ottamatli ?iraiR Dhaniya
9elugu S Dhaniyalu
>rdu S (ihnee@
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruit glo+ularR meri,arp uually united +y their margin -orming a ,remo,arp
a+out 2H. mm in diameterR uni-ormly +ro;nihHyello; or +ro;nR gla+rouR ometime
,ro;ned +y the remain o- epal and tyleR primary ridge 14R ;a?y and lightly
in,onpi,uou e,ondary ridge 3R traightR and more prominentR endoperm
,oelopermou R odourR aromati,R tateR pi,y and ,hara,teriti,!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- -ruit ho; peri,arp ;ith outer epidermiR ;hen preent
;ith lightly thi,Kened anti,linal ;allR a -e; tomataR many ,ell ;ith mall prim o-
,al,ium o%alateR tri,home a+entR outer layer o- meo,arp paren,hymatou ;ith inner
,ell in ;a?y longitudinal ro; and degenerated ?ittae a tangentially -lattened ,a?itieR
middle layer o- meo,arp ,leren,hymatou -orming a thi,K layer o- -ui-ormR pitted
,ell in ?ery inuou ro;R layer o-ten ,roing at right angle ;ith de-inite
)'
longitudinal trand in the e,ondary ridgeR inuou primary ,otae ;ith ome piral
?eelS inner ,ell o- meo,arpR largeR he%agonal ;ith rather thinR ligni-ied ;allR inner
epidermi o- ?ery narro; thinH;alled ,ell lightly inuou anti,linal ;all ho;ing
parLuetry arrangementR t;o or rarely moreR normal ?ittae o,,urring on ,ommiural ide
o- ea,h meo,arp ,ontaining ?olatile oilR endoperm o- thi,KH;alled ,elluloi,
paren,hyma ,ontaining mu,h -i%ed oilR numerou aleurone grainR a+out .H3 in diameter
,ontaining mi,roHroette o- ,al,ium o%alate R plit ,arpophore paing at ape% o- ea,h
meri,arp into rapheR adGa,ent to ;hi,h a large ,a?ity and on inner ide o- thi a -lattened
?a,ular trandR ,arpophore ,oniting o- -i+re urrounded +y piral ?eel!
Po;derH #a;n to +ro;nR epidermal ,ell o- peri,arp ;hen preentR lightly thi,KH;alled
and many ,ontaining mall prim o- ,al,ium o%alateR paren,hymatou ,ell o- meo,arp
;ithout reti,ulate thi,KeningR mae o- ,leren,hymatou ,ell o- meo,arp in inuou
ro;R o-ten ,roing at right angleR large tu+ular he%agonal rather thinH;alled
,leren,hymatou ,ell o- endo,arpR ,ell o- inner epidermi ;ith lightly innou
anti,linal ;allR thi,KH;alled polygonal paren,hymatou ,ell o- endopermR ,ontaining
-i%ed oil and numerou mall aleurone grainR mi,roHroette o- ,al,ium o%alate!

$olatile oil Not le than 4!' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oil (,oriandrol"!

0aa S MadhuraR (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S LaghuR 5nigdha
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S CaKWuWyaR DXpanaR GrPhXR HYdya!R PP,anaR 9ridoWanutR MVtrala

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H DhPnyapaa,aKa K?Ptha CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AtiPraR ChardiR DPhaR J?araR 9YWZPR AGXrZa

).
22! DhataKi (#l!"
DH9A(:
DhPtaKi DhataKi ,onit o- -lo;er o- 8ood-ordia -ruti,oa (Linn!" (ur@! (#am!
Lythra,eae" S mu,h +ran,hedR emi de,iduouR underhru+ or hru+R 1H' m highR rarely
upto ' mR -ound throughout :ndiaR a,ending to 1/44 m in Himalaya and alo in the
Gangeti, plain R alo ,ulti?ated in garden!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S &ahupupXR 9PmrapuWpXR $ahniG?PlP
Aamee S Dhaiphool
&engali S Dhaiphul
*nglih S #ire -lame +uh
GuGrati S Dha?adiR Dha?ani
Hindi S DhaiR Dha?a
(annada S DhataKiR 9amrapuhpi
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S 9attiripu?uR 9atire
Marathi S DhayatiR Dha?ati
Oriya S DhaiphulaR DhatuKi
PunGa+i S Da?iR Phul Dha?a
9amil S (attatiR (attathi!R (attattipoo
9elugu S Aarl Puru?u
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#lo;erR a+out 1!2 ,m longR o,,ur a ingle or in +un,he o- 2H1/R ,aly% 1!4H1!2
,m longR ridged and gla+rouR +right red ;hen -reh +ut -ade on dryingR ;ith
,ampanulate +ae and o+liLue ape% ha?ing 2 triangular and a,ute teethR ea,h tooth +eingR
2H2!/ mm longR 2R ?ery minute a,,eory epal atta,hed outide at the Gun,ture o- ,aly%
tooth and deeper in ,olourR petal 2R atta,hed inide the mouth o- ,aly%Htu+eR hightly
longer than ,aly% toothR alternating ;ith ,aly%Htooth pale roe or ;hitihR thinR paperyR
lan,eolateR a,uminateR tamen 12R united at the +aeR a+out 1!/H2 ,m longR -ilament
-ili-ormR ,ur?ed at the ape%R Keeping anther inide ,aly%Htu+e R anther dori-i%ed
+ro;nR almot rounded or +roadly o?ateR ,arpel 2R unitedR o?ary uperiorR tyle -ili-ormR
longeR than o?ary and tamenR tateR atringent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- epal ho;R ingle layered ,uti,ularied epidermiR
pro?ided ;ith +oth glandular and ,o?ering tri,home Qglandular tri,homeR
)0
multi,ellularR longR ,oniting o- a talK and a glo+oeR thinH;alledR multi,ellular headR
,o?ering tri,homeR uni,ellular thi,KH;alled +road at +ae and pointed at the ape%R
ground tiue ,oniting o- thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ell ur-a,e ?ie; o- petal
ho; thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ellR pro?ided ;ith ?ery -e; parely ditri+uted
,o?ering tri,homeR tran?ere e,tion o- -ilament ho;R epidermi ,oniting o- ingle
layered tangentially elongated ,ellR ,o?ered ;ith a ?ery thi,KH,uti,leR ground tiue
,oniting o- thin ;alled paren,hymatou ,ell ;ith inter,ellular pa,eR urrounding a
,entral! ?a,ular ,ylinder o- pirally thi,Kened ?eelR tran?ere e,tion o- anther
ho;R ingle layered epidermiR ,o?ered ;ith ,uti,le -ollo;ed +y e?eral layer o-
thi,Kened ,ellR urrounding +oth the pollenHa, ha?ing numerou pollen grainR pollen
grain roughly tetrahedral ;ith three poreR meauring 12H12 = appro%imately R ,entral
region ,oniting o- thinH;alled ,ell em+oding ?a,ular +undle!


CON59:9>*N95 H 9annin and glu,oide!

0aa S (aUuR (aWPya
Guna S Laghu
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S GrPhXR $iWaghnaR Gar+hathPpanaR (YminutR 5andhPnXya!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H &Yhat GangPdhara CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AtiPraR 0aKtapittaR 9YWZPR $raZaR $iarpa
DO5* H 'H2 g! o- drug in po;der -orm!

))
2'! *randa (0t!"
*0ABCA
*raZ[a ,onit o- driedR mature root o- 0i,inu ,ommuni Linn! (#am!
*uphor+ia,eae"R a tall gla+rou hru+ or almot mall tree 2H. m highR -ound throughout
:ndiaR motly gro;ing ;ild on ;ate land and alo ,ulti?ated -or it oil eed!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S Gandhar?ahataR $PtPriR Paa,P]gulaR CitrPR >ru+uR 0u+u
Aamee S *daR *ra
&engali S &herenda
*nglih S Cator oil plant
GuGrati S *randioR *rando
Hindi S ArandR *randR AndiR 0end
(annada S HaraluR Oudala gida
(ahmiri S AranR &anangir
Malayalam S A?anaKKu
Marathi S *rand
Oriya S JadaR Ga+a
PunGa+i S Arind
9amil S AmanaKKu
9elugu S Amudapu ?eru
>rdu S &edanGirR Arand
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0oot light in ;eight almot traight ;ith -e; rootletR outer ur-a,e dull
yello;ih +ro;nR nearly mooth +ut marKed ;ith longitudinal ;rinKleR ome pla,e
;hitihHyello; and o-tR odourleR tateR a,rid!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- root ho; thin layer o- ,orK o- Luarih to tangentially
elongatedR thinH;alled ,ellR +eneath ,orKR e,ondary ,orte% o- thinH;alledR tangentially
elongated ,ellR narro; ,orte% o- rounded to tangentially elongated thinH;alled
paren,hymatou ,ellR ome ,ontaining large oil glo+uleR roette o- ,al,ium o%alate
,rytal and round imple or ,ompound tar,h grainR phloem a +road @oneR ,oniting o-
ie?e tu+eR phloem paren,hyma and phloem -i+reR -i+re longR motly eptateR highly
thi,KenedR ha?ing narro; lumenR ome -i+re urrounded +y ,on,entri, ro; o- ,ell
,ontaining ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR ie?e tu+eR thinH;alled ;ith ,ompanion ,ell and
phloem paren,hyma in the inner region o- phloem more prominent R ome phloem
paren,hyma ,ell ,ontain ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate R ,am+ium 'H/ layeredR ,ell
)7
re,tangular in hapeR %ylem o,,upie maGor part o- rootR pentar,hR -i?e group o- primary
%ylem ditin,t in the ,entre o- the ;oodR %ylem ,onit o- ?eelR paren,hyma and
-i+re R ?eel uni-ormly ,attered throughout the %ylem regionR either olitary or in
groupR larger in i@e to;ard phloemR ;ith +ordered pit R %ylem paren,hyma le ia
num+er around ?eel ,ontaining tar,h grainR %ylem -i+re long and thi,KH;alledR
medullary ray uniHtoH+ieriateR more or le traightR .H/ eriate rayR ometime -ound
near proto%ylem groupR ray ,ellR thinH;alledR lightly radially elongated in phloem
regionR thi,KH;alled in %ylem regionR all ray ,ell ,ontain tar,h grain!


CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid (ri,inine"!

0aa S Madhura
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S $PtaharaR $YWyaR mapP,ana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Grandhar?ahatPdi (?Ptha CVrZaR $PtPri GugguluR
Gandhar?ahata taila

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR J?araR >dararogaR ma?PtaR $atiTVlaR (aiTVla

),
2.! Gam+hari (0t!&K!"
GAM&H0)
Gam+hPrX ,onit o- driedR mature root and root +arK o- Gmelina ar+orea 0o%+!
(#am! $er+ena,eae" R tree a+out 13 m highR ;ith a ,lear +ole o- 2H6 m and a girth o-
1!/H2!1 mR -ound in the lo;er HimalayaR the Nilgiri and the *at and 8et Coat o-
:ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (PTmarXR (PTmarya
Aamee S Gamari
&engali S Gam+harR Gamar
*nglih S Candhar 9ree
GuGrati S 5hi?an
Hindi S Gam+harR (ham+hari
(annada S 5hi?anigidaR 5hi?ani
(ahmiri S (ahmari
Malayalam S (umi@huR (umpil
Marathi S 5hi?an
Oriya S Gam+hari
PunGa+i S GumharR (umhar
9amil S (umihanR (umi@han
9elugu S PeggummuduR Peggummadi
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0oot H O,,ur in pie,e ;ith e,ondary and tertiary +ran,heR root pie,e nearly
,ylindri,al ;ith une?en ur-a,eR greyih +ro;nR -ra,ture ome;hat tough in +arKR +rittle
and predominant in ;oody portion!
0oot +arKHmature root +arK ;hen -rehR yello;ih in ,olourR dry pie,e ,ur?ed and
,hannelledR thinner one -orming ingle LuillR e%ternal ur-a,e rugged due to preen,e
o- ?erti,al ,ra,KR ridgeR -iure and numerou lenti,elR -ra,ture hort and granularR
tateR mu,ilaginouR ;eetih ;ith light +itterne!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
0ootHtran?ere e,tion o- root ho; 2H3 layer o- ,orK ,ellR e,ondary ,orte%R
in,luding primary and e,ondary phloem a+out t;o third ,oniting o- ;oodR ,orK
+ro;nihR ,ell arranged in tangential dire,tion and +roKen at pla,e to;ard upper
layerR ,orte% ,hara,teried +y the preen,e o- thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell ;ith
tar,h grain R rein du,t preent in a+undan,e throughout ,orte%R ,attered tone ,ell
)8
-i+re liKe or elongated ,ommonR -i+re preentR o,,urring motly in ingleR ,ell o-
,orte% alo ,ontain roette ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate and oil glo+uleR primary phloem
,hara,teried +y the preen,e o- ie?e tu+e ;ith ,ompanion ,ellR phloem paren,hymaR
o-t +at -i+re and ray ,ellR phloem -i+re o,,ur ingly and ,attered ,orti,al ,ell
.4H14 = +y 2/H'/ = and +at -i+reR '44H1444 = +y 14H1/ = de?elopment o- ,orK taKe
pla,e in e,ond or third layer o- primary ,orte%R ;ood ,onit o- imple pitted ;ood
paren,hyma and medullary rayR ;ood ,ell mainly ,ompoed o- ?eel and tra,heid
and inner ;ood ,onit o- a maGor portion o- -i+re together ;ith a -e; ?eelR ?eel
numerou and -orm almot a ring near the periphery o- %ylem ,ylinder and ome;hat
pareR +eing ,attered in group or ingly nearer the ,entral regionR lumen o- ?eel
ome;hat largeR dimenion o- ?eel 1'4H2/4 = +y /4H144 = and thoe o- the tra,heid
11/H'44 = +y '4H/4 = ;ood -i+re a+undant and ;ith imple pit R ,am+ium ditin,tR
medullary ray generally 1H2 ,elled thi,K ;ith a+undant tar,h grain ,ell o+long to
re,tangular!

A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than 4!' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid and lignan (ar+orealR ioar+oreal and related lignan"!

0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S Guru
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S 7othaharaR &hedanaR DXpanaR PP,anaR 9ridoWaGitR $iWaghnaR MedhyaR
J?arahara!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H DaTamVlPriWaR DaTamVlaharXtaKXR DaTamVla GhYtaR
DaTamVla <apalaKa GhYta

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR DPhaR J?araR 9YWZPR rTa

)-
2/! GoKhura (0t!"
GO(<>0A (0oot"
GoKWura ,onit o- root o- 9ri+ulu terretri Linn! (#am! Nygophylla,eae"S an
annual protrate her+R rarely perennial ,ommon ;eed o- the pature landR road ide and
other ;ate landR ,hie-ly gro;ing in hotR dry and andy region throughout :ndia and upto
'R444 m in (ahmir!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S GoKWuraKaR 9riKaUZaR 7?adadWUrPR 9raiKaZUaKa
Aamee S GoKhuraR GuKhurKata
&engali S GoKhuraR GoKhri
*nglih S Caltrop root
GuGrati S &e tha goKharuR Nana goKharuR MithogoKharu
Hindi S GoKhru
(annada S 5annanaggiluR NeggilamulluR Neggilu
(ahmiri S Mi,hirKandR PaKhda
Malayalam S NerinGil
Marathi S 5arateR GoKharu
Oriya S GuKhuraR GoKhyura
PunGa+i S &haKhraR GoKhru
9amil S NerinGilR NerunGil
9elugu S Palleru?eru
>rdu S (harHeH(haaK (hurd
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Drug ,onit o- rootR 1H13 ,m long and 4!'H4!1 ,m in diameterR lenderR
,ylindri,alR -i+rouR -reLuently +ran,hed +earing a num+er o- mall rootletR toughR
;oody and yello; to light +ro;n in ,olourR ur-a,e +e,ome rough due to preen,e o-
mall noduleR -ra,ture -i+rouR odour aromati,R tateR ;eetih and atringent!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- primary root ho; a layer o- epidermi -ollo;ed +y .H/
layer o- thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,orte%R endodermi ditin,tR peri,y,le en,loing
diar,h teleR in mature rootR ,orK .H2 layeredR ,orK ,am+ium ingle layered -ollo;ed +y
2H1. layer o- thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell ;ith ?arying num+er o- -i+reR
ditri+uted throughoutR ome e,ondary ,orte% ,ell ho; e,ondary ;all -ormation and
reti,ulate thi,KeningR -i+re -ound in group reem+ling thoe o- phloemR e,ondary
phloem di?ided into t;o @oneR outer @one ,hara,teried +y preen,e o- numerou
phloem -i+re ;ith a -e; ie?e tu+e lightly ,ollapedR inner @one -reLuently
)(
paren,hymatouR de?oid o- -i+re o-ten ho;ing ie?e tu+e and ,ompanion ,ellR
phloem ray ditin,tR -e; ,ell get ,on?erted into -i+re in outer regionR ,am+ium 'H/
layeredR ;ood ,ompoed o- ?eelR tra,heid R paren,hyma and -i+re and tra?ered +y
medullary rayR ?eel ,atteredR arranged in ingle or dou+le to;ard inner ideR in
group o- three to -our on outer ide ha?ing +ordered pitR tra,heid longR narro; ;ith
imple pitR %ylem paren,hyma re,tangular or lightly elongated ;ith imple pit and
reti,ulate thi,KeningR %ylem -i+re -e;R tra,hied elongated ;ith imple pitR medullary
ray heterogenouR 1H. ,ell ;ideR tar,h grain and roette ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate
preent in e,ondary ,orte%R phloem and medullary ray ,ellR -e; primati, ,rytal alo
preent in %ylem ray ,ell!

9otal Ah Not more than 1' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!'!
Al,oholHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than . per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid and aponin!

0aa S Madhura
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S MVtralaR $YWyaR $PtanutR &YdhaZa

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5aha,arPdi 9ailaR DaTamVla (?Ptha CVrZaR DaTam
VlaKautraya (?Ptha CVrZaR DaTam
Vlapaa,aKolPdi (?Ptha CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7?PaR HYdrogaR (PaR $PtarogaR 7VlarogaR MVtraKY,,hraR
ATamarX

7*
22! GoKhura (#rt!"
GO(<>0A (#ruit"
GoKWura ,onit o- driedR ripeR entire -ruit o- 9ri+ulu terretri Linn! (#am
Nygopylla,eae"R an annualR rarely pernnial ,ommon ;eed o- the pature landR road ide and
other ;ate pla,eR ,hie-ly in hotR dry and andy regionR gro; throughout :ndia a protrate
her+ and upto 'R444 m in (ahmir!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 7?adadWUrPR GoKWuraKaR 9raiKaZUaKaR 9riKaUZa
Aamee S GoKhurKataR GoKhura
&engali S GoKhriR GoKhura
*nglih S Caltrop -ruit
GuGrati S &ethagoKharuR MithagoKhruR NanagoKharu
Hindi S GoKhru
(annada S NeggilamulluR NeggiluR 5annaneggilu
(ahmiri S PaKhdaR Mi,hiKand
Malayalam S NerinGil
Marathi S GoKharuR 5arate
Oriya S GoKhyuraR GuKhura
PunGa+i S &haKhraR GoKhru
9amil S NerinGilR NerunGil
9elugu S Palleru (aya
>rdu S (harHeH(haaK (hurd
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruit talKedR light or greenih yello;R -i?e ri++ed or angledR more or le
pheri,al in tru,ture and ,o?ered ;ith hort ti-- or pu+e,ent hairR 1 ,m in diameter
;ith -i?e pairR o- prominent hort ti-- pineR pointed do;n;ardR a+out 4!/ ,m in
lengthR tip o- pine almot meet in pair ;hole together -orming pentagonal -rameH
;orK around -ruitR ripe -ruit eparate into -i?e egmentR o- ea,h ,o,,i and ea,h appear
a ingleH-ruitR ea,h ,o,,u emiHlunar or planoH,on?e% in tru,ture one ,ham+eredR
armed ;ith a pair o- pineR tarting -rom it middleR ,ontaining -our or more eedR
tateR lightly atringent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- -ruit ho; mall epidermal ,ell o- ea,h ,o,,u
re,tangularR uni,ellular tri,home in a+undan,eR meo,arp 2H14 layer o- large
paren,hymatou ,ellR roette o- ,al,ium o%alate ,rytal a+undantly preentR meo,arp
7'
-ollo;ed +y 'H. ,ompa,t layer o- mall ,ell ,ontaining primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium
o%alate!


CON59:9>*N95 H Potaium nitrateR terolR apogenin ;ith pyroKetone ring
(diogenin"R gitogenin and he,ogenin!

0aa S Madhura
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S &YdhaZaR $PtanutR $YWyaR ATmarXharaR $atiTodhana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H GoKWurPdi GugguluR 9raiKaZaKa GhYtaR DrPKWadi CrVna

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlarogaR ArTaR 7?PaR Daur+alyaR HYdrogaR (PaR MVtraKY,,hraR
ATmarXR Pram_ha
24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

7.
21! Gudu,hi (5t"
G>C=C)
Gu[V,X ,onit o- driedR matured pie,e o- tem o- 9inopora ,ordi-olia (8illd!"
Mier! (#amR Meniperma,eae"R a perennial ,lim+er -ound throughout 9ropi,al :ndiaR drug
,olle,ted during ummer pre-era+ly in the month o- MayR drug i ued in -reh -orm alo!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S AmYta?allXR AmYtPR MadhuparZXR Gu[V,iKPR Chinno+ha?P
Aamee S 5iddhilataR Amarlata
&engali S Gulan,ha
*nglih S HH
GuGrati S Gala,R Garo
Hindi S GiloeR Gur,ha
(annada S Amruta+alli
(ahmiri S AmritaR Gilo
Malayalam S Chittamrutu
Marathi S Gul?el
Oriya S Gulu,hi
PunGa+i S Gilo
9amil S 5eendalR 5eendil Kodi
9elugu S 9hippateega
>rdu S Gilo
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Drug o,,ur in pie,e o- ?arying thi,Kne ranging -rom 4!2H/ ,m in diameterR
young tem green ;ith mooth ur-a,e and ;elling at nodeR older one ho; a light
+ro;n ur-a,e marKed ;ith ;arty protu+eran,e due to ,ir,ular lenti,elR tran?erely
moothened ur-a,e ho; a radial tru,ture ;ith ,onpi,uou medullary ray tra?ering
porou tiueR tate +itter!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- tem ho; outerHmot layer o- ,orKR di--erentiating into
outer @one o- thi,KH;alled +ro;nih and ,ompreed ,ellR inner @one o- thin ;alled
,olourleR tangentially arranged 'H. ro; o- ,ellR ,orK +roKen at ome pla,e due to
opening o- lenti,elR -ollo;ed +y / or more ro; o- e,ondary ,orte% o- ;hi,h the ,ell
o- outer ro; maller than the inner oneR Gut ;ithin the opening o- lenti,elR group o-
,lereid ,oniting o- 2H14 ,ell -ound in e,ondary ,orte% regionR outer @one o- ,orte%
,onit o- 'HH/ ro; o- irregularly arrangedR tangentially elongated ,hloren,hymatou
,ellR ,orti,al ,ell ituated to;ard inner ideR polygonal in hape and -illed ;ith plenty
70
o- tar,h grainR impleR o?oidR or irregularly o?oidHellipti,alR o,,aionally ,ompound o-
2H. ,omponentR e?eral e,retory ,ellR -ound ,attered in the ,orte%R peri,y,li, -i+re
ligni-ied ;ith ;ide lumen and pointed endR ao,iated ;ith a large num+er o- ,rytal
-i+re ,ontaining a ingle prim in ea,h ,ham+erR ?a,ular @one ,ompoed o- 14H12 or
more ;edgeHhaped trip o- %ylemR e%ternally urrounded +y emiH,ir,ular trip o-
phloemR alternatingR ;ith ;ide medullary rayR phloem ,onit o- ie?e tu+eR ,ompanion
,ell and phloem paren,hyma o- polygonal or tangentially elongated ,ellR ome o- them
,ontain ,ryte1 o- ,al,ium o%alateR ,am+ium ,ompoed o- one to t;o layer o-
tangentially elongated ,ell in ea,h ?a,ular +undleR %ylem ,onit o- ?eelR tra,heidR
paren,hyma and -i+reR in primary %ylemR ?eel ,omparati?ely narro; de?oid o-
tyloeR e,ondary %ylem element thi,KH;alledR ligni-iedR ?eel ,ylindri,al in hape
+earing +ordered pit on their ;all ome large ?eel poe e?eral tyloe and o-ten
,ontain tran?ere eptaR meduallry ray 1/H24 or more ,ell ;ide ,ontaining roundedR
hemipheri,alR o+longR o?oidR ;ith -aintly marKed ,on,entri, triation and ,entral hilum
appearing liKe a pointR tar,h grain o- /!/H11!24 = in diameter and 2H11!23 = in lengthR
pith ,ompoed o- largeR thinH;alled ,ell motly ,ontaining tar,h grain!

#or dried drug H
/orei!n matter Not more than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
9otal ah Not more than 12 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!'!
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 11 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1
#or -reh drug
#oreign matter Nil Appendi% 2!2!2!
Moiture ,ontent 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!6!

CON59:9>*N95 H 9erpenoid and alKaloid!

0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S Laghu
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S &alyaR DXpanaR 0aPyanaR 5a]grPhXR 9ridoWaTPmaKaR 0aKtaTodhaKaR
J?araghna

7)
:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H AmYtPriWaR AmYtottara (?Ptha CVrZaR Gu[V,X 9ailaR
Gu[V,yPdi CVrZaR Gu[V,X 5att?aR Chinno+ha?Pdi
(?Ptha CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H J?araR (uWUhaR PPZ[uR PramehaR $PtaraKtaR (PmalP

77
23! Guggulu (*%udate"
G>GG>L>
Guggulu ,onit o- e%udate o- Commiphora ;ightii (Arn!" &handR 5yn!
&alamodendron muKul HooK! e% 5to,K Commiphora muKul *ngl!"R e#am! &urera,eae"R
a mall perennial tree or hru+ upto 1!2H1!3 m highR o,,uring in ro,Ky tra,t o- 0aGathanR
GuGarat R e%udate i ,olle,ted during ;inter eaon +y maKing the in,iion in the +arK or
in ummerR -alling -rom the +arK itel-!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S PurPR MahiWPKWaR (auTiKaR Pala]KaWP
Aamee S Guggul
&engali S Guggula
*nglih S GumHgugulR :ndian &dellium
GuGrati S GugalR GuggalR Gugar
Hindi S Guggul
(annada S (anthaganaR GuggalaR MahihaKha gugguluR GuggulugidaR Guggulu
Guggal
(ahmiri S Guggul DhoopR (anth Gan
Malayalam S GulguluR Guggulu
Marathi S GuggulR MahihaKh
Oriya S Guggulu
PunGa+i S Guggal
9amil S MahiaKi Guggalu
9elugu S MaKihaKhi gugguluR Guggipannu
>rdu S MuLil (5hihappu"
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Drug o,,ur in ?ermi,ular or tala,titi, pie,e o- pale yello; or +ro;n ,oloured
maR maKe milKy emulion in hot ;ater and readily +urnR ;hen -reh ?i,id and
golden ,olouredR odourR aromti,R tate!R +itter and atringent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,


#oreign matter Not more than . per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
7,
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than /' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!
$olatile oil Not le than 1 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oilR gumR reinR teroid!

Guna S LaghuR 5araR $aTada
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S &alyaR 0aPyanaR $arZyaR $Pta+alPaGitR &hagnaandhPnaKYtR
Medohara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H $PtPri GugguluR AogarPGa GugguluR 5idhanPda
GugguluR (aiTora GugguluR MahPyogarPGa
GugguluR Candrapra+hP $atX

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ma?PtaR (uWUhaR PramehaR $Pta?yPdiR GranthiR 7ophaR
GaZ[amPlPR Medoroga
DO5* H 2H. g o- the drug!

78
26! GunGa (5d!"
G>DJ
GuaGP ,onit o- eed o- A+ru pre,atoriu Linn! (#am! Leguminoae"S a ,lim+er
met ;ith all along Himalaya a,ending to 644 mR preading throughout plainR -lo;ering
in AugutH5eptem+erR and -ruit ripen during ;inter!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 0aKtiKPR (PKaZantX
Aamee S 0ati
&engali S (un,hR 5honKain,h
*nglih S JeLuirity
GuGrati S 0atiR Chanothee
Hindi S 0attiR Ghung,hi
(annada S GaluganGiR GulagunGee
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S (unniR Cu?anna (unni
Marathi S GunGa
Oriya S (ain,h
PunGa+i S 0atti
9amil S (untriR (unrimaniR (undamani
9elugu S GuriginGaR Guri?inda
>rdu S Ghong,haR 0atti
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Chara,teried +y moothR gloy ur-a,e and +right ,arlet ,olour ;ith +la,K
pat,h hilumR o?oid or u+Hglo+ularR /H3 mm longR .H/ mm +road!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- eed ho; teta a+out 1/ = thi,KR greater part +eing
-ormed +y epidermiR ,ompoed o- radiallyR mu,h elongated ,ellR arranged irregularly
and meaure ./H/4 = in lengthR :nner region o- thin teta ,onit o- ,ollaped ,ell
-orming a hyaline layer a+out 2/ = thi,KR endodermi ,ompoed o- thi,KH;alled
,elluloi, paren,hymaR iodiametri, ,ell larger to;ard inideR ;all mainly o-
hemi,elluloe and ;ell ,onidera+ly in ;aterR outer one or t;o layer o- ,ell o-
endodermi (peudoepidermi" -ormed o- rather maller ,ellR ;all o- ;hi,h ;ell to
le e%tent in ;ater!
7-


CON59:9>*N95 H An al+uminou u+tan,e (a+rine and a+ralin"!

0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S (eTyaR $raZPpahaR $PtapittaG?arPpahaR (aZ[VghnaR Gar+hanirodhaKa

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H MYtaaaGi?anX GuUiKPR GuaGP+hadra 0aa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H (uWUhaR $raZaR $Pta?yPdhiR :ndralupta
DO5* H 24H134 mg o- the drug in po;der -ormf!
NoteS 7`dhana o- thi drug i to +e done +e-ore ue a de,ri+ed in the Appendi%!
f 9he doe hould not e%,eed the higher limit!

7(
'4! Haridra (0@!"
HA0:D0
HaridrP ,onit o- the dried and ,ured rhi@ome o- Cur,uma longa Linn! (#am!
Ningi+era,eae"R a perennial her+ e%teni?ely ,ulti?ated in all part o- the ,ountryR ,rop i
har?eted a-ter 6H14 month ;hen lo;er lea?e turn yello; rhi@ome ,are-ully dug up ;ith
handHpi,K +et;een O,to+erHApril and ,ured +y +oiling and dried!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 0aGanXR NiTPR NiTXR 0PtriR (WaZadPR DoWP
Aamee S HaldhiR Haladhi
&engali S HaludR Haldi
*nglih S 9urmeri,
GuGrati S Haldar
Hindi S HaldiR Hardi
(annada S Arihina
(ahmiri S LedarR Ladhir
Malayalam S ManGal
Marathi S Halad
Oriya S Haladi
PunGa+i S HaldiR Haldar
9amil S ManGal
9elugu S Paupu
>rdu S Haldi
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0hi@ome o?ateR o+long or pyri-orm (round turmeri," or ,ylindri,alR o-ten hort
+ran,hed (long turmeri,"R -ormer a+out hal- a +road a longR latter 2H/ ,m long and
a+out 1H1!3 ,m thi,KR e%ternally yello;ih to yello;ihH+ro;n ;ith root ,ar and
annulation o- lea- +aeR -ra,ture hornyR -ra,tured ur-a,e orange to reddih +ro;nR
,entral ,ylinder t;i,e a +road a ,orte%S odour and tate ,hara,teriti,!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; epidermi ;ith thi,KH;alledR ,u+i,al ,ell o-
?ariou dimenionR ,orte% ,hara,teried +y the preen,e o- motly thinH;alled rounded
paren,hyma ,ell ,attered ,ollateral ?a,ular +undleR a -e; layer o- ,orK de?eloped
under epidermi and ,attered oleoHrein ,ell ;ith +ro;nih ,ontentQ ,orK generally
,ompoed o- .H2 layer o- thinH;alledR +ri,KHhaped paren,hymaR ,ell o- ground tiue
,ontain tar,h grain o- .H1/ = in diameterR oil ,ell ;ith u+eried ;all ,ontaining
,*
either orangeHyello; glo+ule o- ?olatile oil or amorphou reinou matterR ?eel
mainly pirally thi,KenedR a -e; reti,ulate and annular!
:denti-i,ationH
1" On the addition o- Con,entrated 5ulphuri, a,id or a mi%ture o- Con,entrated
5ulphuri, a,id and al,ohol to the po;dered drugR a deep ,rimon ,olour i produ,ed!
2" A pie,e o- -ilter paper i impregnated ;ith an al,oholi, e%tra,t o- the po;derR driedR
and then moitened ;ith a olution o- &ori, a,id lightly a,idi-ied ;ith Hydro,hlori,
a,idR dried againR the -ilter paper aume a pinK or +ro;nih red ,olour ;hi,h +e,ome
deep +lue or greenihH+la,K on the addition o- alKali!

$olatile oil Not le than . per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oil and a ,olouring matter (,ur,umin"!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S 0VKWa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S (YmighnaR (uWhaghnaR $arZyaR $iWaghnaR (aphapittanutR
PramehanPTaKa

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H HaridrP (haZ[a

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H PPZ[uR PramehaR $raZaR $iWa?iKPraR (uWUhaR 9?agrogaR 7XtapittaR
PXnaa

,'
'1! HaritaKi (#rt!"
HA0)9A()
HarXtaKX ,onit o- the peri,arp o- mature -ruit o- 9erminalia ,he+ula 0et@!
(#am! Com+reta,eae"R a moderate i@ed or large tree -ound throughout :ndiaR ,hie-ly in
de,iduou -oret and area o- light rain-allR +ut o,,aionally alo in lightly moit -oretR
upto a+out 1/44 m ele?ationR throughout :ndiaR -lo;er appear -rom AprilR Augut and
-ruit ripen -rom O,to+erHJanuary!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S A+hayPR (PyathPR 7i?PR PathyPR $iGayP (Not &ha]gP"
Aamee S 5hiliKha
&engali S HaritaKi
*nglih S Myro+alan
GuGrati S HirdoR HimaGaR PuloHharda
Hindi S HarreR HaradR Harar
(annada S AlaleKai
(ahmiri S Halela
Malayalam S (atuKKa
Marathi S HirdaR HaritaKiR HardaR Hireda
Oriya S Harida
PunGa+i S HalelaR Harar
9amil S (aduKKai
9elugu S (araKaR (araKKaya
>rdu S Halela
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
:nta,t -ruit yello;ihH+ro;nR o?oidR 24H'/ mm longR 1'H2/ mm ;ideR ;rinKled
and ri++ed longitudinallyR peri,arp -i+rouR 'H. mm thi,KR nonHadherent to the eedR
tateR atringent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- peri,arp ho; epi,arp ,oniting o- one layer o- epidermal
,ell inner tangential and upper portion o- radial ;all thi,KR meo,arpR 2H' layer o-
,ollen,hymaR -ollo;ed +y a +road @one o- paren,hyma in ;hi,h -i+re and ,1ereid in
group and ?a,ular +undle ,atteredR -i+re ;ith peg liKe out gro;th and imple pitted
;allR ,lereid o- ?ariou hape and i@e +ut motly elongatedR tannin and raphide in
paren,hymaR endo,arp ,onit o- thi,KH;alled ,lereid o- ?ariou hape and i@eR
motly elongatedR epidermal ur-a,e ?ie; re?eal polygonal ,ellR uni-ormly thi,KH
;alledR e?eral o- them di?ided into t;o +y a thin eptaR tar,h grain imple rounded or
,.
o?al in hapeR meauring 2H1 = in diameterR -ound in plenty in almot all ,ell o-
meo,arp!
Po;derH &ro;nih in ,olourR under mi,ro,ope ho; a -e; -i+reR ?eel ;ith imple
pit and group o- ,lereid!


CON59:9>*N95 H 9anninR anthraLuinone and polyphenoli, ,ompound!

Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S CaKWuWyaR DXpanaR HYdyaR MedhyaR 5ar?adoWapraTamanaR 0aTayanaR
Anulomana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 9riphalP CVrZaR 9riphalPdi 9ailaR A+hayPriWUaR Agatya
HarXtaKX 0aPyanaR CitraKa HarXtaKXR DantX HarXtaKXR
DaTamVla HarXtaKXR &rPhma 0aPyanaR A+hayP
La?aZaR PathyPdi Lepa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR ArTaR Aru,iR HYdrogaR (PaR PPZ[uR PramehaR >dP?artaR
$i+andhaR JXrZaG?araR $iWamaG?araR 7irorogaR 9amaKa 7?PaR
GulmaR >dararoga

,0
'2! Hingu (Oleo H gumH0ein"
H:EG>
Hi]gu ,onit o- oleoHgumHrein o+tained -rom rhi@ome and root o- #erula
-oetida 0egel!R #erula narthe% &ioRand other pe,ie o- #erula (#am! >m+elli-erae"R a
perennial her+R o,,urring in Peria and A-ghanitanR rein ,olle,ted a-ter maKing in,iion
at the upper part o- tap root o- more than -i?e year old plant +y ,rapping in Mar,hR AprilR
Gut +e-ore -lo;eringR ;hole pro,e repeated many timeR a-ter one or t;o day or a-ter a
-e; ;eeK ;hen it get hardened!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 0PmahaR 5ahara?edhi
Aamee S Hin
&engali S Hing
*nglih S A-oetida
GuGrati S HingR $agharni
Hindi S HingR Hingda
(annada S HingR :ngu
(ahmiri S *ng
Malayalam S (ayam
Marathi S HingR HiraR Hing
Oriya S HenguR Hingu
PunGa+i S Hing
9amil S Perungayam
9elugu S :ngu?a
>rdu S HitleetR Hing
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0oundedR -lattened or mae o- agglutinated tearR greyihH;hite to dull yello;R
motly 12H2/ mm in diameterR -rehly e%poed ur-a,eR yello;ih and tranlu,ent or
milKy ;hiteR opaLueR lo;ly +e,oming pinKR redR -inally reddih +ro;nR odourR trongR
,hara,teriti, and peritentR tateR +itter and a,rid!
:denti-i,ation
(:" #rehly +roKen ur-a,e ;hen tou,hed ;ith ulphuri, a,id a +right red or reddihH
+ro;n ,olour i produ,edR ,hanging to ?iolet ;hen a,id ;ahed o-- ;ith ;ater!
,)
(::" &oil 4!2 g ;ith 2 ml Hydro,hlori, a,id -or a+out 1 minuteR ,oolR dilute ;ith an eLual
?olume o- ;aterR and -ilter into ' ml o- dilute olution o- AmmoniaR -luore,en,e i
produ,ed!
A+en,e o- ,olophony reinSH9riturate 1 g ;ith 14 ml o- Light Petroleum (+!p!
.4>H24>" -or 2 minuteR -ilter into a tet tu+e and add to the -iltrate 14 ml o- a -reh 4!/
per ,ent ;\? aLueou olution o- ,opper a,etateR haKe ;ell and allo; the liLuid to
eparateR petroleum layer doe not ho; any green ,olourR indi,ating a+en,e o-
,olophony rein!

Al,oholHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than /4 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!

A55AA
Pla,e a+out / g a,,urately ;eighedR in a mall +eaKer -urnihed ;ith a gla rodR
and tared add /4 ml o- Al,ohol (64 per ,ent"R and +oil gently! #ilter the hot olution
through a tared -ilter paper and +oil the reidue ;ith -urther Luantitie o- Al,ohol (64 per
,ent"Q unitl all olu+le matter i remo?edR uing the gla rod to diintegrate the olu+le
matter! 8ah the -ilter paper ;ith hot al,ohol (64 per ,ent" tran-er the paper to the
+eaKerR dry the 144`R and ;eigh! 9heH reidue ;eigh not more than /4 per ,ent o- the
original ample taKen!

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oilR gum and rein!

0aa S (aUu
Guna S IiKWZa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S AnulomanaR DXpanaR HYdyaR (YmighnaR PP,anaR 0u,yaR
$PtaKaphapraTamana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Hi]g?PWUaKa CVYZaR Hi]g?Pdi CVrZaR Hi]gu?a,PdV C
VrZa

,7
9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlarogaR dhmPnaR GulmaR HYdrogaR (YmirogaR >dararogaR
gnimPndyaR nPha
DO5* H 12/H/44 mg o- the drug!

,,
''! Jatamani (0@!"
JA9MF5)
JatPmPdX ,onit o- dried rhi@ome o- Nardota,hy Gatamani DC!(#am!
$aleriana,eae" R an erre,t perennial her+R 14H24 ,m high gro;ing at an altitude o-
'444H/444 m on the u+Halpine Himalayan tra,t!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S MPdXR JaPR JailP
Aamee S JatamaniR Jatamanghi
&engali S Jatamami
*nglih S Nardu root
GuGrati S &aal,hadR (ali,had
Hindi S &al,hara
(annada S &hootaGataR Ganagila mate
(ahmiri S &hutiGata
Malayalam S Man,hiR Jataman,hi
Marathi S Jatamani
Oriya S Jatamani
PunGa+i S &illilotanR &al,hharR Chharguddi
9amil S JatamanGi
9elugu S Jatamam
>rdu S 5um+ulHutHtee+
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Dried rhi@ome darK +ro;nR 2!/H1!/ ,m longR ,ylindri,alR ,o?ered ;ith reddihH
+ro;n -i+re -orming a net ;orKR ;hi,h are Keleton o- heathing lea- +aeR -ra,tureR
+rittleR internal ,olour reddihH+ro;nR ,olourR trongly aromati,R tateR a,ridR lightly
+itter!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; ,orK ,oniting o- 2H/ layer o- ,ell -illed ;ith oil
glo+uleR ,orte% ,hara,teried +y the preen,e o- ,hi@ogenou ,analR phloem in -orm o-
pat,he o- mall ,ellR ,am+ium ring ditin,t and ,ontinuouR %ylem ,onit o- ?eleR
,attered indi?idually or in ro; o- t;o or three ?eelR ;ith ,alari-orm thi,KeningR
older rhi@ome ho; one or more tellate haped ring o- inter%ylary and medullary
,orKR ,ompletely or in,ompletely eparating the rhi@ome into -our to nine ?a,ular
trand +y Goining outer ,orKR ea,h eparated trand en,ir,led +y a -e; layer o- ,orK ,ell
,8
,oniting o- an outer ,orte% @one -ollo;ed +y t;o or more -un,tional ?a,ular +undleR
tiue in +et;een the trand uually nonH-un,tional e%,ept -or the ,orK ,ell ;hi,h a,t
a torage organ -or oil glo+ule!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9HH
:denti-i,ationH5haKe a+out 2 g o- the po;der ;ith / ml o- Al,ohol (34 per ,ent" -or ten
minute and -ilterR Pla,e one drop o- the -iltrate on a -ilter paperR dry and e%amine under
ultraH?iolet lightR a +rightR +luihH;hite -luore,ene i ?ii+le!

#oreign matter Not more than / per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than / per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!
$olatile oil Not le than 4!1 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oil and reinuou matter!

0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S Laghu
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S MedhyaR 9ridoWanutR $arZyaR NidrPGananaR (uWhaghna!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H JaUPmPdyarKa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H DPhaR (uWUhaR $iarpaR MPnaarogaR AnidrP
/H14 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

,-
'.! Jatiphala (5d!"
J9)PHALA
JPtXphala ,onit o- the endoperm o- dried eed (Kernel o- -ruit" o- Myriti,a
-ragran Houtt! (#am! Myriti,a,eae"R dioe,iou or o,,aionally monoe,iou aromati, treeR
a+out 14H24 m highR -ound motly in 9amil Nadu and to ome e%tent in (eralaR Andhra
Pradeh and Aam!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S JPtiTayaR JPtXphala
Aamee S JaiphalR (ani?ih
&engali S JaiphalaR Jaitri
*nglih S Nutmeg
GuGrati S JaiphalaR Jay-ar
Hindi S Jaiphal
(annada S JadiKaiR JayKaiR JaidiKai
(ahmiri S Ja-al
Malayalam S JatiKa
Marathi S Jaiphal
Oriya S Jaiphal
PunGa+i S Jaiphal
9amil S 5athiKKaiR JathiKKaiR JatiKKaiR JadhiKaiR JadhiKKai
9elugu S JaGiKaya
>rdu S Jau@+u;aR Jaiphal
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5eed ellipoidR 24H'4 mm long and a+out 24 mm +roadR e%ternally greenihH
+ro;n ometime marKed ;ith mall irregular darK +ro;n pat,he or minute darK point
and line lightly -urro;ed reti,ulatelyR a mall lightH,oloured area at one end indi,ating
the poition o- the radi,le a groo?e running along the line o- raphe to the darKer ,hala@a
at the oppoite endR urrounded +y a thin layer o- peri perm ;ith in-olding appearing
a darK rumination in the a+undant greyihH+ro;n endopermR em+ryoR in an irregular
,a?ityR mall ;ith t;o ;idely preading ,rumpled ,otyledon and a mall radi,le odourR
trong and aromati,R tateR pungent and aromati,!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- endoperm ho; peripheral peripermR o- e?eral layer o-
tronglyR -lattened polyhederal ,ell ;ith +ro;n ,ontentR or ,ontaining primati,
,rytalR inner layer o- periperm o- thinH;alled paren,hyma a+out .4 = thi,KR in-olding
into the tiue o- the endoperm to -orm the rumination ,ontaining numerouR ?ery large
,(
oil ,ell ;ith +ro;n ,ell ;allR ?a,ular trandR in the peripheral regionR numerou
mall piral ?eelR large ,elledR endopermR paren,hymatou 8ith o,,aional tannin
idio+lat ;ith thin +ro;n ;allR ,ontaining numerou impleR rounded and ,ompound
tar,h grainR ;ith upto a+out 14 ,omponent uually 2H3 indi?idual grainR upto 24 = in
diameter preentR mot o- the ,ell ;ith ,rytalline -at and o-ten a large aleurone grain in
ea,h ,ellR ,ontaining a rhom+i, protein ,rytal upto 12 = and mall aleurone grain ;ith
le regular ,rytalloidR em+ryoR o- hri?elled and ,ollaped paren,hyma!

*ther olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 2/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!3
$olatile oil Not le than / per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!14


0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S LaghuR IiKWZa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S DXpanaR GrPhXR $YWyaR MuKhaKledanPTaKaR
MuKhadaurgandhyanPTaKaR (apha?PtPpana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H JPtXphalPdi CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AtiPraR 7?PaR ChardiR (PaR PXnaaR GrahaZXR MuKharogaR
7uKrameha
DO5* H 4!/ H 1!4 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

8*
'/! (ampilla (#rt!"
(AMP:LLA
(ampilla ,onit o- gland and hair o- -ruit o- Mallotu philippineni Muell !
Arg! (#am! *uphor+ia,eae"R a ?ery ,ommon perennial hru+ or mall tree -ound in outer
Himalaya a,ending to 1/44 mR mature -ruit ,olle,ted in #e+ruaryHMar,hR reddih +ro;n
po;der ,olle,ted in ,loth +y haKing and ru++ing the -ruit ;ith hand!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 0aGanaKaR (ampillaKa
Aamee S Lo,han
&engali S (amlagudi
*nglih S (amala
GuGrati S (apilo
Hindi S (a+ila
(annada S (apilaR ChandrahettuR (apilathettu
(ahmiri S (ameelaK
Malayalam S (ampippalaR (ampipalu
Marathi S 5hendriR (apila
Oriya S (amalagundi
PunGa+i S (amila
9amil S (amalaR (ampila
9elugu S (ampillamu
>rdu S (amila
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ineR granular po;derR dullHred or madderHred ,olouredR -loating on ;ater!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
>nder mi,ro,ope gland appear depreed and glo+ularR ,ontaining deepHred
,oloured reinR e,reted +y many ,lu+ haped ,ell radiating -rom a ,ommon ,entreR a
num+er o- tellate tri,home preentR tri,home thi,KH;alledR +ran,hing ligni-ied ;ith
mooth marginR yello; ,olouredR arranged in mall radiating group!
A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than . per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!
Al,oholHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than /4 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 1!4 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!
8'
CON59:9>*N95 H 0einou ,olouring matter (rottlerin"!

0aa S (aUu
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S (YmighnaR $raZPpahaR $ire,ana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H DhPn?antara GhYtaR MiTraKa 5neha!

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H dhmPnaR GulmaR (YmirogaR $i+andhaR $raZa
DO5* H 4!/H1!4 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!
NoteH 7`dhana o- thi drug i to +e done +e-ore ueR a de,ri+ed in Appendi%!

8.
'2! (an,hanara (5t!&K!"
(DCAN0A
(Pa,anPra ,onit o- the driedR tem +arK o- &auhinia ?ariegata &lume (#am!
Leguminoae"S a medium i@ed tree o,,urring in u+HHimalayan tra,t e%tending eat;ard to
AamR *aternR Central and 5outh :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (Pa,anPraKa
Aamee S (an,anR (an,han
&engali S (an,hanaR 0aKta (an,hana
*nglih S Mountain *+ony
GuGrati S ChampaKatiR (an,hnarR (a,hnar
Hindi S (a,hanarR (an,hanarR (a,hnar
(annada S (eyumandarR (an,ha?ala
(ahmiri S (alad
Malayalam S Chu?anna Mandharam
Marathi S (an,hanaR 0aKtaKan,ana
Oriya S (a,hanaR (aniara
PunGa+i S (an,hnar
9amil S 5igappu mandaraiR 5ihappu mantarai
9elugu S De?a (an,hanam
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
&arKR darK +ro;nR ometime ;ith il?ery pat,heR roughR ,ompa,tR e%-oliating in
;oody trip and ,aleR outer ur-a,e ;ith mall tran?ere and longitudinal ,ra,KR
internal ur-a,e ;hiteR tateR atringent
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- mature tem +arK ho; a ;ide trati-ied ,orKR outer ,orK
,ompoed o- thinH;ailedR lightly ,ompreedR yello; +ro;n ,ell -ollo;ed +y a num+er
o- layer o- +ro;n ,oloured ,ellR inner ,orK ,ompoed o- tran?erely elongated orange
+ro;n ,ellR ,orK interrupted at ,ertain pla,e due to -ormation o- rhytidomaR ome
e,ondary ,orte% ,ompoed or 1/ or more ro; or tran?erely elongated to ,ir,ularR
thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ellR ome e,ondary ,orte% ,ell ,ontain orange +ro;n
,ontentS group o- tone ,ell -ound ,attered in thi region o,,aionally arranged in 1H1
or more tangential ro;R peri,y,li, -i+reR thi,KH;alled ;ith narro; lumenR ,attered in
e,ondary ,orte% in ingle or in groupR e,ondary phloem ,onit o- ie?e tu+eR
,ompanion ,ellR phloem paren,hyma and -i+re tra?ered +y -unnel haped medullary
80
ray R phloem -i+re arranged in radial ro; throughout phloem regionR primati, and
rhom+oidal ,rytal or ,al,iumR o%alate a+undantly -ound in phloem and e,ondary
,orte% regionR ?ery rarely -ound in ,orK ,ellR ,luter ,rytal alo preent in e,ondary
,orte% and e,ondary phloemR ,rytal -i+re alo -ound in e,ondary phloem!
Po;der H pinKihR under mi,ro,ope ho;ing a+undant ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR
,1er,id in ingle or in group ;ith ;ide lumenR +it o- -i+reR ,orK and e,ondary
,orte% ,ellR ,ontaining ,oloured ,ontentR and numerou ,rytal -i+re

A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than 4!2 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!


0aa S (aWPya
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S DXpanaR GrPhXR 9rXdoWaharaR GaZ[a?Yddhihara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (Pa,anPraguggulu

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Apa,XR GaZ[amPlPR (YmirogaR $raZaR Guda+hradTa

8)
'1! (anKola (#rt!"
(AE(OLA
(a]Kola ,onit o- matureR dried -ruit o- Piper ,u+e+a Linn!-! (#am! Pipera,eae"R
;oodyR ,lim+ingR perennial ;ith dioe,eou -lo;er in piKeR ,ulti?ated to a mall e%tent in
:ndiaR pe,ially in the (arnataKa tateR -ruit ,olle,ted ;hen mature +ut till unripe and
,are-ully dried!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (a]KolaKaR CinoWaZaR CinatXKWZaR (aKKolaR (a]KoliKP
Aamee S (aKKolR (a+a+,heni
&engali S (aha+,+iniR 5ugandhamari,ha
*nglih S Cu+e+R 9ailed Pepper
GuGrati S ChanaKa+a+R ChiniKa+a+
Hindi S 5eetal,hiniR (a+a+,hini
(annada S GandhamenauR &alamenau
(ahmiri S (uh-alR (a+a+,hini
Malayalam S CheenamulaKuR 9aKKolamR $almulaKu
Marathi S (anKol
Oriya S (a+a+,hini
PunGa+i S (a+a+,hiniR 5ard,hini
9amil S $aali milaKuR $almilagu
9elugu S Chala?amiriyaluR 9oKamiriyalu
>rdu S (a+a+,hini
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruit ;rinKledR roundedR /H1 mm in diameterR light +ro;n to darK +ro;nR a+out 1
mm long talK atta,hedR peri,arp red to lightly +ro;nR teta -ued ;ith peri,arpR -ruit
hard and tony al+umen ;hite and oilyR odourR aromati, end ,hara,teriti,R tateR
pungent and lightly +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- -ruit ho; an outer layer o- epidermiR e%ternally ,o?ered
;ith thi,K ,uti,leR a ra; o- 2H/ mallR ,ruhedR +ro;n and thi,KH;alled ,ell +elo;R
meo,arp ,ompoed o- largeR thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ellR oil ,ell and ?a,ular
+undleR endo,arp o- multiHlayered ,lereid hea?ily ligni-ied ;ith narro; lumenR teta
and tegmen ,ompoed o- elongated ,ell tegmen ,ell hyaline and Kernel ,ell greyih in
,olour!
87


CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oil (,u+e+in"!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S DXpanaR (apha?PtaharaR PP,anaR 0u,yaR $atiTodhanaR
MuKhadaurgandhyahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H DaTamVlPriWaR (umPryPa?a

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR Aru,iR MVtraKY,,hraR MVKharoga

8,
'3! (antaKari (8!P!"
(AEIA(0)
(a]aKPrX ,onit o- matureR dried ;hole plant o- 5olanum urattene &urm! -!R
5yn! 5olanum %antho,arpum 5,hrad ! O 8endl R (#am! 5olana,eae"R perennialR ?ery
pri,Kly di--ued her+ o- ;ate landR -ound throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S $yPghrXR NidigdhiKPR (WudrPR (anUaKPriKPR DhP?anXR NidigdhPR
DuparTP
Aamee S (at?aedanaR (antaKar
&engali S (antaKari
*nglih S #e+ri-uge plant
GuGrati S &haringani
Hindi S (ataiR (ataliR 0inganiR &hataKataiyaR ChhotiKateri
(annada S NelagullaR (iragulla
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S (antaKari ,hunda
Marathi S &hauringaniR (ataringani
Oriya S &heGi+auganaR AnKaratiR ChaKada &hoGi
PunGa+i S (andiari
9amil S (andangatriR (andanKatriR (andanghathiri
9elugu S NelamulaKaR PinnamulaKaR MulaKaR ChinnamulaKaR $aKudu
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0ootH14H./ ,m longR -e; mm to t;o ,m in diameterR almot ,ylindri,al and taperingR
+earing a num+er o- -ine longitudinal and -e; tran?ere ;rinKle ;ith o,,aional ,ar
or a -e; lenti,el and mall rootletR tran?erely moothened ur-a,e ho; a thin +arK
and ;ide ,ompa,t ,ylinder o- ;oodR -ra,tureR hortR tateR +itter!
5temHher+a,eouR pri,Kly ;ith prominent node and internodeR green ;hen -rehR young
+ran,heR ,o?ered ;ith numerou hairR mature one gla+rouR -urro; more prominent
in young tem appearing almot ,ir,ular to;ard +aal regionR tem pie,e 3H14 mm
thi,K o- ?aria+le lengthR e%ternal ur-a,e light greenR ;hen dryR ur-a,e yello;ih green
and moothR tran?erely moothened ur-a,e ho; a ?ery thin +arK and prominent
;oodR ,entre ho; a large and ditin,tR pithR mr ture and dry tem o-ten ;ith hollo;
pithR -ra,ture hort to lightly -i+rou!
88
Lea?eHpetiolateR e%tipulateR o?ateHHo+long or ellipti,R inuate or u+Hpinnati-idR u+H
a,ute hairyR .H12!/ ,m long and 2H1!/ ,m ;ideR greenR ?ein and midri+ -ull ;ith harp
pri,KleR odour and tate not ditin,t!
#lo;erH e+ra,teateR pedi,ellateR +ie%ualR pentamerouR regularR ,ompleteR +right +lue or
+luih purpleR ,aly%HperitentR gamoepalouR tu+e hortR glo+oeR linearHlan,eolateR
a,uteR hairyR 4!/H1 !' ,m long and denely pri,KlyR ,orollagamopetalouR lo+e deltoidR
a,uteR hairyR 1H2 ,m long and purple in ,olourR tamen /R epipetalouR +ai-i%edR
-ilament hort 1H1!/ mm longR antherR o+long lan,eolateR 4!1H4!3 ,m longR o?ary
uperiorR o?oidR gla+rouR +ilo,ular ;ith a%ile pla,entation ha?ing numerou o?ule!
#ruitH&erry glo+ularR meauring 4!3H1 ,m in diameterR urrounded +y peritent ,aly% at
+ae unripe -ruit ?ariegated ;ith green and ;hite tripR ripe -ruit ho; di--erent
yello; and ;hite hade!
5eedH,ir,ularR -latR numerouR em+edded in a -lehy meo,arp a+out 4! 2 ,m in
diameterR gla+rou tateR +itter and a,rid!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
0ootH tran?ere e,tion o- mature root ho; ,orK ,ompoing o- 'H2 layer o- thinH
;alledR re,tangular and tangentially elongated ,ellR ,orK ,am+ium ingle layered
-ollo;ed +y 2H1/ layer o- thinH;alledR tangentially elongated to o?al or ,ir,ular
paren,hymatou ,ellR tone ,ell either ingle or in group o- 2H24 or e?en more preent
in thi regionR e,ondary phloem ,ompoed o- ie?e element and phloem paren,hyma
tra?ered +y medullary rayR tone ,ell preent in ingle or in group o- 2H24 or more
in outerR and middle phloem regionR phloem ray 1H. ,ell ;ide and 2H22 ,ell highR
,am+ium 'H/ layered o- thinH;alled re,tangular ,ellR %ylem ,ompoed o- ?eelR
tra,heidR -i+re tra,hiedR paren,hyma and tran?ered +y medullary rayR all element
+eing ligni-iedR ?eel and tra,heid ;ith +ordered pitR -i+re ;ith a -e; imple pitR
%ylem paren,hyama re,tangular or lightly elongated ;ith imple pit and rarely ;ith
reti,ulate thi,KeningR %ylem ray 1H' ,ell ;ide and 1H24 ,ell highR mi,rophenoidal
,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate a andy mae and imple tar,h grain preent in
e,ondary ,orte%R phloem and medullary ray!
5temHtran?ere e,tion o- mature temR 1!/H2 ,m thi,K ,onit o- 2H12 layer o- ,orK o-
thinH ;alled ome;hat re,tangular ,ellR epidermi remain inta,t -or a long timeR
e,ondary ,orte% ,onit o- 1H11 layer o- paren,hymatou ,ellR ome ,ell thi,Kened
and ligni-ied -orming tone ,ell primary ,orte% remain inta,t e?en in Luite mature
tage +ut later get ,ruhedR peri,y,li, -i+reR o,,ur ingly or in mall group o- 2H'R
e,ondary phloem ,onit o- ie?e elementR paren,hyamaR a -e; -i+reR tone ,ell and
tra?ered +y phloem rayR -i+re -ound ,attered in ingle or in mall group in outer
and middle phloem regionR inner phloem de?oid o- -i+reR tone ,ell preent in ingle
or in mall group o- 2H.R phloem rayR 1H2 or rarely ' ,ell ;ideR ,am+ium ,ompoed o-
8-
2H' layerR %ylem ,onit o- ?eelR tra,heidR paren,hymaR -i+re and tra?ered +y
%ylem rayR ?eel ?ary grea tly in hape and i@e and ho; +ordered pitR tra,heid
elongated ;ith irregular ;all and +ordered pitR -i+re mu,h elongatedR thi,KH;alled
and ligni-ied ;ith tapering and pointed endR ome ha?ing trun,ated end or +i-ur,ated at
one or +oth end ;ith a -e; imple pitR tran,heid -i+re maller than -i+reR ;ith +oth
end tapering and ha?e reti,ulate thi,KeningR %ylem paren,hyma ,u+i,al to re,tangular
;ith imple or +ordered pit or reti,ulate thi,KeningR %ylem ray ,onpi,uou +y their
pitted thi,KeningR longer i@e and radial elongation o- ,ellR 1H2 or rarely ' ,ell ;ide
and 2H2/ ,ell highR internal phloem ,ompoed o- ie?e element and paren,hymaR
-orming more or le ,ontinuou +and and em+edded in perimedullary @oneR a -e;
phloem -i+re imilar to thoe o- outer phloem region alo preentR ,entral region
o,,upied +y a large pithR mi,rophenoidal ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate a andy mae
and imple tar,h grain preent in ,orte%R e,ondary ,orte%R phloemR medullary ray and
pith ,ell!
Lea?eH
PetioleHtran?ere e,tion o- petiole ho; ,ir,ular to ;a?y outlineR epidermi ingle
layeredR ,o?ered e%ternally +y a thi,K ,uti,leR hypodermi ,onit o- 'H. layer o-
,ollen,hymatouR ,ellR one largeH,re,entHhapedR +i,ollateralR ,entral ?a,ular +undle
and t;o mall lateral +undle preentR ret o- tiue o- petiole ,ompoed o- polygonalR
angularR thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ellR epidermi ho; motly tellate and rarely
urn to tri,ellular hair!
Midri+Htran?ere e,tion o- midri+ ho; a +i,on?e% tru,tureR epidermi on either ide
,o?ered e%ternally +y a thi,K ,uti,leR +elo; epidermi 'H. layer o- ,ollen,hyma
preentR tele ,ompoed o- ,re,entHhapedR +i,ollateralR ,entral ?a,,ular +undle and
t;o mall lateral ?a,ular +undleR ret o- tiue ,ompoed o- thinH;alledR paren,hymaR
ome tellate hair preent on epidermi!
LaminaHtran?ere e,tion ho; dori?entral tru,tureR epidermi on either ideR ;a?y
in outlineR ,o?ered e%ternally +y a thi,K ,uti,leR on upper ide meophyll ,ompoed o- a
ingle layered paliade and .H2 layer o- looely arranged pongy paren,hymaR ome
tellate hair (.H3 armed" preent on +oth ide o- epidermiR anio,yti, tomata preent
on +oth ur-a,eR ?einHilet num+er .2H34 on lo;er epidermi (mean 2'"R 21H34 on upper
epidermi (mean 14"R tomatal inde% 24H2/ (mean 22!/" on lo;er epidermiR 1.H2.
(mean 16" on upper epidermiR paliade ratio 1!1H. (mean 2 !3/"!
#ruitHtran?ere e,tion o- mature -ruit ho; ingle layered epidermiR ,o?ered
e%ternally +y a thin ,uti,leR 1H2 layer o- ,ollan,hyma preent +elo; epidermiR
meo,arp ,ompoed o- thinH;alledR o?al to polygonal ,ellR ome -i+re!R ?a,ular
+undle preent ,atteredR eed ,onit o- thi,KH;alled radially elongated tetaR narro;
endoperm ;ith em+ryoR ome ,ell o- endoperm ,ontain oil glo+ule!
8(
Po;der H GreenihR under mi,ro,ope ho; ingle or group o- tone ,ellR group o-
aeptate -i+re ;ith tapering endR pitted ?eelR group o- pongy paren,hymaR
-ragment o- paliade tiueR anio,yti, tomataR tellate hair and impleR rounded to
o?al tar,h grain meauring 2!1/H11 = in dia!


CON59:9>*N95 H Glu,oalKaloid and terol!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S 7othaharaR DXpanaR PP,anaR madoWanPTaKaR (aZUhya

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (aZaKPryP?alehaR Paa,atiKtaKa GhYtaR $yPghriharXtaKX

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Aru,iR 7?PaR J?araR (PaR PXnaaR 5?ara+hedaR PPrT?aTVla

-*
'6! (anyaara (L-!"
(ANA50A
(anyPPra ,onit o- dried Gui,e o- lea?e o- Aloe +ar+adeni Mill! 5yn! Aloe
?era 9ourn!e% LinnR Aloe indi,a 0oyle! (#am! Lilia,eae"R hru+ planted in many :ndian
garden and -ound gro;ing throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (umPrXraaam+ha?aR 5ahPPra
Aamee S Mua+harR Ma,ham+ar
&engali S GhritaKalmi
*nglih S :ndian Aloe
GuGrati S *liyoR *ariyo
Hindi S Mua+harR *l?a
(annada S (ari+olaR Loleara at?aR Lo?alaraR Loleara
(ahmiri S Mua++arR 5i+er
Malayalam S ChenninayaKam
Marathi S (orphad
Oriya S Mua+ara
PunGa+i S (alaohagaR Mua+arR Alua
9amil S (atta@hiR 5atthuKKatha@hai
9elugu S Muam+aram
>rdu S Mua++arR Aili?aR 5i+er
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
DarK ,ho,olate +ro;nR to +la,KR ,ompa,tR irregular maeS ur-a,e dullR opaLue
;ith lightly ?itreou appearan,eR odourR ,hara,teriti,R tateR naueou and +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
Po;der ;hen mounted in gly,erin or la,tophenol and e%amined under the
mi,ro,ope ho; innumera+le ,rytallineR yello;ihH+ro;n to ,ho,olate ,oloured
parti,le o- ?arying i@e and hape!
:denti-i,ationS
Mi% 4!/ g ;ith /4 ml o- ;aterR +oil until nearly diol?edR ,oolR add 4!/ g o- (ieelguhr
and -ilterR to the -iltrate apply the -ollo;ing tetH
-'
(i" Heat / ml o- -iltrate ;ith 4!2 g o- &ora% until diol?edR add a -e; drop o- thi
olution to a tetHtu+e nearly -illed ;ith 8aterR a green -luore,en,e i produ,ed!
(ii" Mi% 2 ml o- -iltrate ;ith 2 ml o- a -rehly prepared olution o- &romineR a pale
yello; pre,ipitate i produ,ed!

Moiture ,ontent Not more than 14 per ,entR Per ,ent o- it ;eight
;hen dried to ,ontant ;eight at 14/> C 2!2!6

CON59:9>*N95 H AnthraLuinoneR gly,oide

0aa S (aUu
Guna S >WZa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S &hedXR PittanirharaZaR 0aGahpra?artaKaR J?aranut!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 0aGahpra?artinX $aUXR CuKKumtippalyPdi GuUiKP

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H J?araR >dararogaR (aWUPrta?aR AaKYd?iKPra
DO5* H 12/ H /44 mg o- the drug in po;der -orm!

-.
.4! (aranGa (5d!"
(A0ADJA
(araaGa ,onit o- eed o- Pongamia pinnata (Linn!" MerrR 5yn! Pongamia gla+ra
?ent!(#am! Leguminoae"Ra medium i@ed gla+rou tree ;ith a hort +ole and preading
,ro;n and -ound almot throughout :ndia upto an altitude o- 1244 m!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (araaGaKaR NaKtamPlaR NaKtPh?aR GhYtaKaraaGa
Aamee S (ora,h
&engali S Nata (aranGaR Dahara (aranGa
*nglih S 5mooth lea?ed pongamia
GuGrati S (anaGoR (aranGi
Hindi S DithouriR (aruaini
(annada S HongeR Hulagilu
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S A?ittalR >nguR >nuR Pungu
Marathi S (aranGa
Oriya S (arnGa
PunGa+i S (aranG
9amil S PunganR Pongana
9elugu S LamigaR (anuga
>rdu S (aranG
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5eed uually one and rarely t;oR ellipti, or reni-orm in hapeR 1!1H2!4 ,m long
and 1!2H1!3 ,m +roadR ;rinKled ;ith reddih leathery tetaR mi,ropylar end o- ,otyledon
lightly depreed ;hile other ide emiH,ir,ular in hape!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- eed ho;R teta ,ompoed o- a layer o- paliade liKe outer
epidermiR -illed ;ith +ro;n pigmentR ,o?ered e%ternally ;ith a thi,K ,uti,leR a layer o-
largeR thin ;alledR ome;hat re,tangular ,ellR 2H. layer o- thi,KH;alled paren,hyma
,ellR a -e; ro; o- ,ell ;ith mall interH,ellular pa,eR 2H' layer o- thi,KH;alled
elongated ,ellR a -e; layer o- pongy paren,hyma ha?ing large interH,ellular pa,eR a
num+er o- paren,hyma ,ell ,ontaining +ro;n pigmentR ,otyledon ,ompoed o- outer
layer o- epidermi ;ith ,ylindri,al ,ellR e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith thin ,uti,leR epidermi
-ollo;ed +y re,tangular to polygonal ,ell o- meophyllR -illed ;ith glo+uleR alo
preent ,attered in thi region!
-0

8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 1' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H #i%ed oilR -la?one and tra,e o- eential oil!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S IiKWZa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S (YmiGitR (uWhaghnaR (apha?PtaghnaR $raZaTodhana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H rag?adhPdi (?Pth CVrZaR PathyPdilepa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H $raZaR (YmiR (uWUha!
DO5* H 4!2/ g o- the drug in po;der -orm!
/H14 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

-)
.1! (ara?ira (L-!"
(A0A$)0A
(ara?Xra ,onit o- dried lea?e o- Nerium indi,um Mill! 5yn! Nerium odorum
5oland (#am!Apo,yna,eae"R a large e?ergreen ;oody hru+ ;ith milKy Jui,eR -ound
throughout the year in upper Gangeti, plainR HimalayaR -rom Nepal to (ahmir upto
2444 m! Central and 5outhern :ndiaR alo ,ulti?ated near temple and garden!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S HayamPraKaR HarapriyaR AT?amPra!
Aamee S (ar+iraR (ara?iR (ar?ir
&engali S (ara?iR (alKephul
*nglih S :ndian Oleander
GuGrati S (aneraR (arenaR (aren
Hindi S (aner
(annada S (anagaluR (anagile
(ahmiri S GandeelaR Gandula
Malayalam S (ana?e eramR AraliR (attalari
Marathi S (anher
Oriya S (aniaraR (aniar
PunGa+i S (aner
9amil S AraliR AlariR Aatrulari
9elugu S Ganneru
>rdu S (aner
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Lea?e e%tipulateR linearR lan,eolateR 14H24 ,m long and upto 2!/ ,m ;ideR thi,KR
darK green and hining a+o?e and dotted +eneathR ?enation uni,otateR reti,ulate ;ith
midri+ +eing tout and the e,ondary ?ein ariing in ?ery large num+erR running
parallelR tomata anamo,yti,!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
PetioleHtran?ere e,tion o- petiole ho; a ingle layer o- epidermi ,o?ered e%ternally
+y thi,K ,uti,leR epidermal ,ell elongate to -orm uni,ellularR nonHligni-ied and nonH
glandular hairR a ;ide @one o- ,orte%R ,ompoed o- .H1 layer o- ,ollen,hymatou ,ell
and a 8ide @one o- paren,hyma -ollo; the epidermiR paren,hymatou ,ell thinH
;alledR more or le iodiametri, ;ith inter,ellular pa,eR ome ,ell ,ontain roette
,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR petiole re,ei?e three ?a,ular +undle -rom temR ,entral
one large and ,re,ent haped ;hile other t;o mu,h maller and ome;hat ,ir,ular
-7
preent on ea,h ide o- ,entral ?a,ular +undleR phloem preent on upper ide and %ylem
on lo;er 5ide 8ith uual element!
LaminaHtran?ere e,tion o- lamina ho; an io+ilateral tru,tureR upper epidermi
,ompoed o- penta or he%agonal paren,hymatou ,ellR e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith thi,K
,uti,leR +elo; upper epidermi! 2H' layer o- hypodermi preentR paliada 'H. layered
,ompoed o- elongated and ,ompa,tly arranged ,ellR ?a,ular trand alo een in
+et;een paliade and pongy paren,hymaR pongy paren,hyma -illed ;ith ,hlorophyllR
to;ard lo;er ur-a,e 2H' layered paliadeR +elo; ;hi,h paren,hyma and lo;er
epidermi preentR lo;er epidermi alo ,oated ;ith the ,uti,le e%ternallyR in lo;er
ur-a,e many pit poeing tomataR uni,ellularR nonHglandular and nonHligni-ied
tri,homeR roette ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate preent throughout laminaR a?erage
paliade ratio .S 1!
Midri+Htran?ere e,tion o- midri+ ho; epidermi ,ompoed o- a layer o- ,ellR
e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith ,uti,leR ome epidermal ,ell on upper and lo;er ide -orm
uni,ellular hairR +et;een epidermi and paren,hyma 2H. ro; o- thi,KH;alled ,ellR
more prominent to;ard lo;er ideR ome paren,hymatou ,ell ,ontain roette ,rytal
o- ,al,ium o%alateR lati,i-er -ound ,attered ingly or in group o- 2 in thi regionR
+eneath the ?a,ular +undle a n ip o- -i+re preentR ?a,ular +undle ^>^ hapedR %ylem
+eing to;ard lo;er ide and phloem to;ard the upper ,onit o- tra,heidR ?eel
and paren,hymaR ?eel ;ith endHopeningR rarely ;ith ide opening tra,heid many
;ith piralR annular or reti,ulate thi,Kening on their ;all!


CON59:9>*N95 H Cardia, glu,oide (oleandrin"!

$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S 7?PaharaR CaKWuWyaR (YmighnaR (aZ[VghnaR (uWhaghnaR $raZPpahaR
J?arPpaha

-,
:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (PXPdi 9aila

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H HYdrogaR J?araR (YmirogaR (aZ[VR (uWUhaR NetrarogaR $raZaR
9amaKaT?Pa
DO5* H '4H12/ mg o- the drug in po;der -orm!
fDoe hould not e%,eed the higher limit!
NO9*H5odhana o- thi drug i to +e done +e-ore ue a de,ri+ed in the appendi%!

-8
.2! (arKatahringi (Gall!"
(A0(AIA7JEG:
(arKaaTY]gi ,onit o- gallHliKe e%,re,en,e -ormed +y ine,t on the lea?eR
petiole and +ran,he o- the plant Pita,ia ,hinenia &urgoR Pita,ia integerrima 5te;! e%
&randiR 0hu u,,edanea Linn! (#am! Ana,ardia,eae" during autumn eaonR gro;ing on
the tep o- 8etern Himalaya -rom :ndu to (umaon at an altitude o- '/4H2.44 mR o-ten
,ulti?ated in PunGa+ plain!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 7Y]giR $iWPniR (arKaUa
Aamee S (aKiarngi
&engali S (anKda 5hringi
*nglih S Cra+^ ,la;
GuGrati S (aKada hingR (aKada ingi
Hindi S (aKadaingiR (aKaraingiR GheeKada?a
(annada S (aKadaingiR (arKataKaringi
(ahmiri S (aKKarR (amaladina
Malayalam S (arKataringi
Marathi S (aKadhingi
Oriya S (aKadahrungiR (aKadahringi
PunGa+i S (aKarR (aKaringi
9amil S (arKata ingi
9elugu S (aKaringiR (arKataKahrungi
>rdu S (aKrainghi
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Dried gall hardR hollo;R hornHliKeR thinH;alledR generally ,ylindri,alR tapering at
+oth the endR greyih +ro;n e%ternally and reddih +ro;n internallyR i@e ?arie -rom
2!/H'4!4 ,m or moreR ea,h gall ,ontain numerou dead ine,tR odourR tere+inthineR tate
o- po;dered gallR trongly atringent and lightly +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- gall ho; the ,ollaped epidermi on +oth the ideR
epidermal ,ell thinH;alledR tangentially elongatedR ground tiue thinH;alled and o?al
or ,ir,ularR the outer t;o layer tangentially elongated ;hile +et;een ?a,ular +undle
radially elongatedR outer -e; layer and ome o- ,ell o- ground tiue -illed ;ith
yello;ih +ro;n ,ontentR ?a,ular +undle ,attered throughout the ground tiue in
t;o ro;R ,onit o- phloem a,,ompanied +y a large tannin a, in ea,h ?a,ular +undle!
--
Po;derHPo;der greyih +ro;nR under mi,ro,opeR ho; orange yello; ,olour iolated
or ao,iated -ragment o- %ylem ?eel and ground tiue!

8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than '4 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oilR tannin and reinou matter!

0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S Guru
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S (PaharaR (apha?PtaharaR =rdh?a?PtaGitR HiKKPnigrahaZa

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H &Pla,atur+hadriKP CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Aru,iR 7?PaR ChardiR HiKKPR J?araR (PaR (Waya

-(
.'! (arpaa (5d!"
(0P5A
(PrpPa ,onit o- eed (de?oid o- lint" o- Goypium her+a,eum Linn! (#am!
Mal?a,eae" R an annual or perennial hru+R 4!2H2!.m highR e%teni?ely ,ulti?ated in :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 9uZ[aKeTi
Aamee S (arpaaR 9ula
&engali S &onaR (apaia
*nglih S Cotton plant eed
GuGrati S HH
Hindi S (apaaR &inaula
(annada S HatiR Arale
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S (arpaiR PanGi (arpaam
Marathi S 5arKi
Oriya S HH
PunGa+i S Lodhar
9amil S Parutti KKoottam
9elugu S Patti ginga
>rdu S Pam+adanaR Ha++HulHcutn
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5eedR darK +ro;nR o?oidR 4!'H4!2 ,m diameterR minuteR hallo; longitudinal
groo?e arie -rom -uni,ular region o- eedR tateR lightly +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- mature eed ho;R t;o integument -orming eed ,oatR
outer integument di--erentiated into epidermiR a ;ide @one o- paren,hyma and a hyaline
layerR epidermi ingle layeredR ome tri,home arie -rom epidermi and -orm lint and
-u@@ hairR lint hair elongated ;ith thin ;all

and ;ide lumenR -u@@ hair thi,KH;alled
;ith narro; lumenR paren,hymetou @one ,onit o- .H3 layer o- reddihH+ro;n ,ellR a
-e; ?a,ular +undle em+edded in thi @oneR hyaline layer ,oniting o- 2H' layer o-
tangentially elongatedR ,u+i,alR thi,KH;alled ,ellR inner integument ,ompoed o-
paliade and paren,hymaR paliade ,ell ,ompa,tly arranged and ,olourleR paren,hyma
many layered o- tangentially elongated ,ell ;ith deep reddihH+ro;n ,ontentR
,otyledon thinR large and -oldedR upper epidermi o- ,otyledonR ingle layeredR
e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith ,uti,le -ollo;ed +y 1 or 2 layered paliade liKe ,ell o-
meophyllR +eneath thi @oneR meophyll ,ell ho; elongated to rounded tru,ture
(*
;ithout interH,ellular pa,eR lo;er epidermi ingle layeredR ,u+i,al or o?alR ,o?ered
;ith ,uti,leR ome lyigenou gland -illed ;ith yello;ihH+ro;n ,ontent alo -ound
,attered in meophyll regionR tar,h and ,al,ium o%alate ,rytal a+ent!
Po;derH &ro;n under mi,ro,ope ho; paliade ,ellR thinH;alled meophyll ,ellR
deep +ro;n ,ontent and hairR pie,e o- teta and -u@@ inta,t!


CON59:9>*N95 H #i%ed oilR rein and terol!

0aa S Madhura
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S HYdyaR $YWyaR 5tanyaGananaR (aphaKara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (PrpPPWh?Pdi 9aila

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H DPhaR 7ramaR &hrPntiR MVr,,hPR 5tanyaKWya
DO5* H 'H2 g o- he drug in po;der -orm!

('
..! (aeru (0@!"
(A7*0>
(aTeru ,onit o- rhi@ome o- 5,irpu Kyoor 0o%+! (#am! Cypera,eae"R a ;eed
,ommonly -ound on the margin o- pond and ;ampy pla,e throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (aTeruKa
Aamee S (aheru
&engali S (ehura
*nglih S 8ater ,hetnut
GuGrati S (aelaR (aola
Hindi S (aeru
(annada S (aure gaddR (aeru?aR (othigadde
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S (a@hi Muthanga
Marathi S (aaraR (a,heraR (a,hora
Oriya S (aaru (a;daR (aaru (anda
PunGa+i S (aeru
9amil S Gundatigagaddi
9elugu S Guntatungagaddi
>rdu S (aeru
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0hi@omeR o?al to ,ylindri,alR o-ten +ran,hed ha?ing a num+er o- tran?ere
ringR +la,K ,oloured root and rounded ,arR +la,K e%ternally and ,ream ,oloured
internallyR odourR aromati,R tateR +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; epidermi o- ,ollaped and +ro;n ,oloured
,ellS hypodermiR .H3 ,ell ;ith thi,K +ro;n ,ell ;allR -ollo;ed +y a ;ide @one o-
,orti,al ground tiue o- o?al to roundedR thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ellR -illed ;ith
o?al to pheri,al tar,h grainR en,ir,led +y ,leren,hymatou heathR ?a,ular +undleR
-ound ,attered throughout ,orti,al ground tiueR endodermi ,onit o- +ro;n
,oloured ,ell ;ith hea?y thi,Kening on thier ;allR en,loing a ;ide ,entral telar
ground tiue ;ith a num+er o- ,attered ?a,ular +undle o- ,loedR ,ollateral typeR
en,ir,led +y ,leren,hymatou heathR telar ground tiue o- rounded to o?alR thinH
;alled and paren,hymatou ,ellR ,ontaining o?al to pheri,al tar,h grainR a num+er o-
e,retory ,ell ;ith orangeH+ro;n ,ontent -ound throughout ,orti,al and telar ground
tiue!
(.
Po;derH Light +ro;nR under mi,ro,ope ho; a+undant round to o?al tar,h grain and
orangeHyello; pigmentR -ragment o- %ylem ?eel ;ith annular thi,Kening and thinH
;alledR paren,hymatou tiue!


CON59:9>*N95 H 5tar,hR aponinR ugar and progeterone!

0aa S MadhuraR (aWPya
Guna S Guru
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S CaKWuWyaR GrPhXR PittaghnaR DPhaghnaR 7uKraKaraR 5tanyaKaraR
0u,iKara!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5au+hPgyaTuZhUX

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Aru,iR AtiPraR DPhaR Daur+alyaR NetrarogaR 7uKraKWyaR
5tanyaKWaya

(0
./! (etaKi (0t!"
(*9A(:
(etaKi ,onit o- driedR underground root o- Pandanu te,toriu 5oland!e%
ParKinon (#am! Pandana,eae"R a denely +ran,hed hru+R rarely ere,t -ound along the
,oat o- :ndia and Andaman :land and ometime ,ulti?ated in garden alo!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 5V,iKPpuWpa
Aamee S (atKi
&engali S (atKi
*nglih S 5,re; pine
GuGrati S (e?ado
Hindi S (e?ada
(annada S (adaGlmuduR 9alehu?u
(ahmiri S HHHH
Malayalam S PooKaitha
Marathi S (e;da
Oriya S (etaKiR (ia
PunGa+i S (eora
9amil S 9a@hai
9elugu S Mogali
>rdu S HHHH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0oot pie,eR 2H2 ,m longR 4!'H2 ,m in diameterR ,ylindri,alR ruty or yello;ihH
+ro;nR to greyR ur-a,e mooth e%,ept -or protu+eran,e at ,ertain pla,eR papery ,orKR
ur-a,e une?enR eaily peela+le e%poing a -i+rou ur-a,eR -ra,tureR uually un+reaKa+le!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- mature root ho; a ;ide @one o- trati-ied ,orKR
e%-oliating at pla,eR ,oniting o- re,tangularR thinH;alledR tangentially elongatedR
radially arranged ,ellR upper -e; layer -illed ;ith reddihH+ro;n ,ontentR remaining
,ell ,olourleR ,orte%R a ;ide @one o- rounded ,ell ;ith -i+re group to;ard ,entral
and middle regionR ,ell o+literated at pla,eR endodermi +arrelHhapedR lightly thi,KH
;alled R peri,y,le and phloem not ditin,tR %ylem -orm +ulK o- root ,oniting o-
?eelR -i+re and paren,hymaR medullary ray not ditin,tR ?eel ho; annular or
pitted thi,KeningR -i+re thi,KH;alledR elongated ha?ing a -e; imple pit!
Po;derHAello;ihH+ro;nR under mi,ro,ope ho; -ragment o- ,orKR %ylem ?eel
and -i+re!
()


CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oil!

0aa S MadhuraR (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S Laghu
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S &alyaR (eTyaR 0aPyanaR $arZyaR DaurgandhyanPTanaR DPr[hyaKaraR
5auKhyaKaraR (aphPpahaR CaKWuWya!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 9riphalPdi 9aila

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H GulmaR NetrarogaR (apharoga!

(7
.2! (hadira (Ht!8d!"
(HAD:0A
(hadira ,onit o- dried pie,e o- heartH;ood o- !A,a,ia ,ate,hu (Linn! -!" 8illd!
(#am! Leguminoae"R a moderate i@ed treeR -ound motly in dry part o- :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S GPyatri
Aamee S (hariraR (haraR (hayar
&engali S (heraR (hayera
*nglih S &la,K ,ate,huR Cut,h tree!
GuGrati S (hairR (atheR (her
Hindi S (hair
(annada S (aggaliR (aggalinaraR (a,hinamaraR (oggigida
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S (aringali
Marathi S (hairaR (hair
Oriya S (haira
PunGa+i S (hair
9amil S (arungaliR (arungKali
9elugu S ChandraR (a?iri
>rdu S Chan+e (aath
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
HeartH;oodR light redR turning +ro;nihHred to nearly +la,K ;ith ageR atta,hed
;ith ;hitih ap;oodR -ra,ture hardR tateR atringent

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- heartH;ood ho;R numerouR uniHto +iHeriate medullary
rayR ?eel o,,urring iolated or in mall group o- t;o to -ourR %ylem -i+re ;ith
narro; lumen o,,upying maGor portion o- ;oodR %ylem paren,hyma uually
predominantly paratra,healR -orming a heath around ?eelR ;ood ,onit o- ,rytal
-i+re ;ith 1.H23 egmentR ea,h ha?ing one primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR a -e;
tra,heid ;ith ,alari-orm thi,KeningR ome o- ,ellR in,luding ?eelR -illed ;ith +ro;n
,ontentR primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate preent in a num+er o- ,ell throughout the
;ood!
Po;derH &ro;n ,olouredR under mi,ro,ope ho; a num+er o- %ylem -i+reR ?eelR
,rytal -i+reR primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium e%alate!
(,


CON59:9>*N95 H Cate,hinR ,ate,huHtanni, a,id and tannin!

0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S (YmighnaR (uWhaghnaR MedoharaR 0aKtaTodhaKaR (aphapittaharaR
Dantya

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (hadirPriWUaR ArimedPdi 9ailaR (hadirPdi GuUiKP

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR (uWUhaR PramehaR $raZa
DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or the de,o,tion!

(8
.1! (iratatiKta (8!P"
(:09A9:(9A
(irPtatiKta ,onit o- ;hole plant o- 5;ertia ,hirata &u,h!HamR (#amR
Gentiana,eae"R a mallR ere,tR annualR her+a,eou plantR 4!2H1! 2/ m highR -ound in
temperate Himalaya at an altitude +et;een 1244H'444 m -rom (ahmir to &hutan and
(haia Hill in MeghalayaR drug ,olle,ted ;hen -lo;ering (JulyHO,to+er" and dried!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (irPtaR (irPtaKaR &hVnim+aR (irPtatiKtaKa
Aamee S Chirta
&engali S Chirata
*nglih S Chireta
GuGrati S (ariyatuR (ariyatun
Hindi S Chirayata
(annada S Nale+e?uR Chirata (addiR Chirayat
(ahmiri S LoeR Chiraita
Malayalam S Nela?eppuR (irayathuR NilamaKanGiram
Marathi S (iraitaR (adu,hiraita
Oriya S Chireita
PunGa+i S ChirettaR Chiraita
9amil S Nila?em+u
9elugu S Nela?emu!
>rdu S Chiraita
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Drug ,onit o- ;hole plantR a pe,uliar hining yello;ih tinge all o?er the her+
in -reh ampleR tem upto 1 m long and 2 mm in diameterR gla+rouR yello;ihH+ro;n to
purplihR lightly Luadrangular a+o?e and ,ylindri,al +elo;R largeR ,ontinuouR eaily
epara+le yello; pithR lea-R oppoiteR ,aulineR +road at +aeR o?ate or lan,eolateR entireR
a,uminateR gla+rouR uually ;ith /H1 prominent lateral ?einR +ran,hing -rom the a%il
o- the lea?e ;hi,h rami-y -urther into pani,ulate in-lore,en,eR -lo;erR tetramerouR
2H' mm ;ideR o?oidR ;ith t;o glandular depreion near the +ae o- ea,h o- ,orolla
lo+eR o?aryR uperiorR +i,arpellaryR unilo,ularR o?oid and pointedR -ruit! a ,apule ;ith
numerouR minute reti,ulated eedR 4!2/H4!// mm longR 4!12H4!./ mm +road irregularly
o?oid!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
0ootHtran?ere e,tion o- root ho;R 2H. layer o- ,orKR e,ondary ,orte%
repreentee +y .H12 layer o- thi,KH;alledR paren,hymataou ,ellR ome ho;ing radial
(-
;all -ormationR tangentially elongated ;ith inuou ;allR e,ondary phloem ,ompoed
o- thinH;alled trand o- ie?e tu+eR ,ompanion ,ell and phloem paren,hymaR
e,ondary %ylem ,ompoed o- ?eelR tra,heid paren,hyma and %ylem -i+reR all
element ligni-ied and thi,KH;alledR in older rootR ,entre o- ;ood more or le pongy
and hollo; in mot ,aeR outer ;oody ring remaining trongly ligni-iedR ?eel ho;
,alari-orm thi,Kening and alo imple and +ordered pitR tra,heid imilar in thi,Kening
a the ?eelR -i+re ha?e imple pitR mu,ilage preent in e,ondary ,orti,al ,ellR
minute a,i,ular ,rytal preent in a+undan,e in e,ondary ,orte% and phloem regionR
rein alo preent a darK +ro;n ma in e,ondary ,orte% ,ell!
5temHtran?ere e,tion o- tem ho; ingle layered epidermiR e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith
a thi,K triated ,uti,le preent in young temR in older epidermi remain inta,t +ut ,ell
-lattened and tangentially elongatedR -our ri+ alo ,onit o- an epidermi and
paren,hymatou ,orti,al ,ellR endodermi ditin,tR ho;ing anti,linal or peri,linal
;allR -ollo;ed +y ingle layered peri,y,le ,oniting o- thin ;alled ,ellR tem
poee an amphiphloi, iphonoteleR e%ternal phloem repreented +y uual elementR
,am+ium +et;een e%ternal phloem and %ylem ,ompoed o- a thin trip o- tangentially
elongated ,ellR internal phloem imilar in tru,ture a that o- e%ternal phloem e%,epting
that ie?e tu+e trand i more ;idely eparatedR %ylem ,ontinuou and ,ompoed motly
o- tra,heidR a -e; %ylem ?eel preent ingly or rarely in group o- t;o ;hile
tra,heid and -i+re preent in a+undan,eR ?eel and -i+re tra,heid ha?e motly imple
and +ordered pit and -i+re ;ith imple pit on the ;allR medullary ray a+entR ,entral
part o- the tem o,,upied +y a pith ,oniting o- rounded and iodiametri, ,ell ;ith
prominent inter,ellular pa,e mu,ilage preent in ,orti,al ,ellR minute a,i,ular ,rytal
alo preent in a+undan,eR ,orti,al ,ellR in rein preent a darK +ro;n ma in ome
,orti,al ,ell along ;ith oil droplet!
Lea-Htran?ere e,tion o- lea- ho; ?ery little di--erentiation o- meophyll tiueR
epidermi ingle layered ,o?ered ;ith a thi,KR triated ,uti,leR more trongly de?eloped
on the upper ur-a,e than the lo;erR tomata o- anio,yti, typeR paliade tiue ingle
layeredR ,ell at pla,e +e,ome ;ider and le elongated parti,ularly in +igger ?einR
pongy meophyll repreented +y .H1 layer o- ome;hat looely arrangedR tangentially
elongated ,ellR ome epidermal ,ell prominently ar,hed outide at the marginR
mu,ilage preent in epidermal and meophyll ,ell ;hile minute a,i,ular ,rytal alo
preent in a+undan,e in meophyll ,ellR in lea- paren,hyma oil droplet alo preent!
Al,ohol olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 14 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
(24 per ,ent"
((
A+en,e o- tanninHOn addition o- #erri, Chloride to aLueou or al,oholi, e%tra,t no +lue
+la,K ,olour de?elop!
Aay HContain not le than 1!' per ,entR o- the +itter prin,iple a determined +y the
-ollo;ing methodSH
Mi% 24 g in po;der (No! 24 ie?e" ;ith +oiling ;ater ,ontaining 4!/ g o-
Cal,ium Cor+onate and e%tra,t ;ith +oiling ;ater till the lat portion o- the e%tra,t i
de?oid o- +itterneR ,on,entrate in ?a,uum and diol?e the reidue in hot Al,ohol!
#ilter ;hile hot and ;ah the reidue thri,e on the -ilter ;ith 14 ml portion o- hot
Al,oholR remo?e the al,ohol -rom the -iltrate and taKe up the reidue repeatedly ;ith 2/R
1/R 1/R 1/R and 1/ ml o- hot ;ater! 5haKe the aLueou e%tra,t repeatedly ;ith 2/R 24R 1/R
1/ and 14 ml o- *thyl A,etateR ,olle,t the *thyl A,etate e%tra,tR e?aporateR dry and
;eigh!
CON59:9>*N95 H ManthoneR %anthone gly,oide and mangi-erine (#la?onoid"!

0aa S 9iKta
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S J?araghnaR (aphapittaharaR 0aKtaTodhaKaR $raZaTodhanaR 5PraKaR 9
YWZPpaha

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5udarTana CVrZaR Chinnod+ha?Pdi (?Ptha CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR DPhaR J?araR (YmirogaR (aZ[VR (uWUhaR MehaR 9YWZPR
$raZa

'**
.3! (rihnaGiraKa (#rt!"
(J<BAJ:0A(A
(YWZaGiraKa ,onit o- dried ripe -ruit o- Carum ,ar?i Linn! (#am! >m+elli-erae"R
a +iennial her+R '4H64 ,m highR ,ulti?ated a a ,old eaon ,rop in plain o- :ndia and a
ummer ,rop in hilly area o- (ahmirR (umaonR Garh;al and Cham+a!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S AitaGiraKa
Aamee S (rinGeeraR (a1aGiraR (alGira
&engali S (ala Gira
*nglih S &la,K Cara;ay
GuGrati S 5hahGirun
Hindi S (alaGira
(annada S (ari GeerigeR 5hahaGeerige
(ahmiri S (rihun@ur
Malayalam S (arunGiraKaR (arinGeeraKam
Marathi S 5hahiraR 5hahaGira
Oriya S (alaGira
PunGa+i S Nira 5iyahR (alaGira
9amil S (aramGiragamR 5himai ham+u
9elugu S Nalla JeelaKarra
>rdu S Nira 5iyahR (ala Nira
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruitR greenihH+ro;nR lightly ,ur?edR elongatedR meri,arpR uually eparateR
-ree -rom the pedi,elR ,arpophoreR upto 1 mm longR 2 mm +road almot eLually -i?e
idedR narro;R tapering to ea,h endR ar,uateR gla+rouR +ro;n ;ith -i?e ?ery narro;R
yello;ih primary ridge^ endopermR orthopermouR odour and tateR aromati, and
,hara,teriti,!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- -ruit ho; peri,arp ;ith outer epidermi o- polygonal
ta+ular ,ell ;ith a thi,K outer ;all and triated ,uti,leR tri,homeR a+entR ?ittae -our
doralR inter,otal and t;o ,ommiural e%tending the length o- ea,h meri,arpR ;ith an
epithelium o- +ro;n ,ell and ?olatile oil in the ,a?ityR meo,arp paren,hymatou
;ithout reti,ulate thi,KeningR ,otae -i?e in ea,h meri,arp ;ith ?a,ular trand
,oniting o- an inner group o- mall ?eel and -i+re and ar,hedR outer group o- pitted
,leren,hyma ;ith a mall group o- phloem on ea,h lateral ur-a,eR on the outer margin
o- ea,h ?a,ular trand a mall ,hi@ogenou ,anal e%tending into +oth tylopod and
'*'
pedi,elR inner epidermi o- thin H;alledR u+re,tangular ,ellR elongated tangentially
ea,h a+out 3H12= ;ide and .4H144= longR arranged parallel ;ith one anotherR
endoperm o- thi,KH;alledR ,elluloi, paren,hymaR ,ontaining mu,h -i%ed oil and
numerou mall aleurone grain upto 14 = in diameterR ea,h ,ontaining one or
ometime t;o mi,roHroette ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR ,arpophoreR ;hen preentR
paing at the ape% to a raphe in ea,h meri,arpR and ;ith a mall trand o- ,leren,hymaR
the ,lereid o- ;hi,h ,ontinue into the tylopod!
Po;derHColour -a;n to +ro;nR epidermal ,ell o- peri,arp ;ith triated ,uti,leR
-ragment o- +ro;n endothelium o- ?ittaeR paren,hymatou ,ell o- the meo,arp
;ithout reti,ulate thi,KeningR re,tangularR -inely pitted ,lereid o- meo,arpR thi,KH
;alled polygonal paren,hymatou ,ell o- endoperm ,ontaining mu,h -i%ed oilR
numerou mall aleurone grain ,ontaining mi,roHroette ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR
tri,homeR tar,h and parLuetry layer a+entR it ,ontain no le than 2!/ per ,ent o-
?olatile oil!

$olatile oil Not le than '!/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oil (,ar?one and ,ar?a,rol"!

0aa S (aUu
Guna S Laghu
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S 7othaharaR CaKWuWyaR DXpanaR J?araghnaR PP,anaR 0u,yaR 5a]grPhX

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H JiraKPdyariWUaR JXraKPdi ModaKa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AgnimPndyaR dhmPnaR (YmirogaR JirZaG?araR Grahaniroga

'*.
.6! (ulattha (5d!"
(>LA99HA
(ulattha ,onit o- dry eed o- $igna unLui,ulata (Linn!" 8alp! 5yn! Doli,ho
+i-loru Linn! (#am Leguminoae"Q an annual +ran,hedR u+Here,t or t;iningR do;ny or
gla+re,ent Q her+Q ,ulti?ated all o?er :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (hal?aR $ardhipatraKa
Aamee S HH
&engali S (ulatthaR (alaya
*nglih S Hore gram
GuGrati S (alathiR (ulathi
Hindi S (ulathiR (urathi
(annada S HuruliR Hurali
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S Mudiraa
Marathi S (ulitha
Oriya S HH
PunGa+i S Lodhar
9amil S (olluR (aanam
9elugu S >la?alu
>rdu S (ulthi
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5eedR hardR ur-a,e moothR ellipoidR -lattenedR greyih to reddih +ro;nR .H2
mm long and . mm ;ideR mi,ropyle prominentR tateR ome;hat atringent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- eed ho; teta ,oniting o- a ingle layer o- ,olumnarR
thinH;alledR paren,hymatouR paliade liKe ,ell ,o?ered ;ith a thin ,uti,le -ollo;ed +y
ingle layer o- re,tangular to Luare +earer ,ell and 'H. layer o- thinH;alled
re,tangular paren,hymatou ,ellR more ;ide at mi,ropyler regionR ,otyledon ,oniting
o- ingle layer o- upper and lo;er epidermi ,o?ered ;ith a thin ,uti,leR epidermal ,ell
thinH;alledR re,tangular and paren,hymatou -ollo;ed +y meophyllR ,oniting o-
angular paren,hymatou ,ellR -illed ;ith numerou imple tar,h grain and protein
+odie alo preent!
Po;derH8hitih in ,olourR under mi,ro,ope ho; +roKen pie,e o- tetaR
paren,hymatou ,ell and tar,h
'*0

#oreign matter Not more than Nil per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!

CON59:9>*N95 H An en@yme (ureae" and oil!

0aa S (aWPya
Guna S LaghuR 5ara
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S $idPhXQ 5?edaa]grPhaKaR (YmiharaR (apha?Ptahara!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5aptaPra (?Ptha CVrZaR DhPn?antara 9aila

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ATmariR NaWPrta?a
DO5* H 12 g o- the drug in po;der -orm -or de,o,tion!

'*)
/4! (uhta (0oot"
(><IHA
(uWUha ,onit o- dried root o- 5auurea lappa C!&! ClarKe (#am! Compoitae"R a
tallR ro+utR perennial her+ ;ith thi,K rootR -ound in (ahmir at an altitude o- 2/44H'244
mR root ,olle,ted in 5eptem+erHO,to+er!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S mayaR PPKala
Aamee S (udR (ur
&engali S (udo
*nglih S HH
GuGrati S HH
Hindi S (utha
(annada S Changal (utha
(ahmiri S (uth
Malayalam S (ottam
Marathi S >pletaR (utha
Oriya S (udha
PunGa+i S (uth
9amil S GohtamR (o+thamR (ottam
9elugu S Changal?a (ohtu
>rdu S cut
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Drug greyih to dull +ro;nR thi,KR toutR -ui-orm to ,ylindri,alR 1H1/ ,m longR
1!4H/!/ ,m +roadR thi,Ker root ;ith ,ollaped ,entreR o,,aionally ridgedR ;rinKle
longitudinal and anatomoedR rootlet rarely preentR ,ut ur-a,e ho; t;o regionR
outer periderm ring thinR inner porou ;oody portion lighter in ,olour ho;ing -ine
radial triation and o-ten the ,entral portion ,ollapedR -ra,tureR hortR hornyR odourR
trongR ,hara,teriti,ally aromati,R tateR lightly +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- thin root ho; thin peridermR -ollo;ed +y +road @one o-
phloem and till +roader @one o- %ylem tra?ered +y ;ide medullary rayR ,orKR 'H/
layered ;ide e,ondary ,orti,al ,ell polygonalR motly elongatedR e,ondary phloem
,onit o- motly torage paren,hymaR mall group o- ie?e tu+e and ,ompanion ,ell
and o-ten phloem -i+reR +at -i+re thi,KH;alledR ligni-iedR upto '/4 = in lengthR ;ith
many imple pit ao,iated ;ith -i+reR tra,heid and paren,hymaR ;ood -i+re maller
than +at -i+reR ;ith ;ider lumen and o+tuely tapering endR meduallary ray multi
'*7
eriate and ;ider in phloem regionR rein ,anal -ound throughout a large ,a?itieR ome
root poe a ,entral ,ylinder o- ,leren,hymaR ;hile other ha?e paren,hymatou
,entre ;ith ,attered %ylem elementR in older rootR ;ood paren,hyma ,ollape and
taKe a pongy appearan,e in the ,entre o- rootR inulin preent in torage paren,hyma!
Po;derHDeep +ro;n or rutyR under mi,ro,ope irregular +it o- yello;R +ro;n or
orangeHred -ragment o- rein and oil ao,iated ;ith thinH;alled paren,hymatou
,ellR +roKen +it o- %ylem ?eel ;ith ,alari-ormR reti,ulate thi,Kening and hori@ontal
end ;all!


CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oilR alKaloid (auurine" and +itter rein!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S Laghu
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S (apha?PtaGitR 0aKtaTodhaKaR $arZyaR 7uKrala

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (UUoama,uKKPdi 9aila!

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7?PaR (PaR (uWUhaR $PtaraKtaR $iarpa
DO5* H 4!2H1!4 o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'*,
/1! (utaGa (5t!&K!"
(>IAJA
(uUaGa ,onit o- dried tem +arK o- Holarrhena antidyenteri,a (0oth" A! DC!
(#am! Apo,yna,eae"S a mall to medium i@ed treeR -ound throughout :ndiaR drug ,olle,ted
-rom 3H12 year old tree during the middle o- rainy eaon (July to 5eptem+er" and again at
the end o- ;inter eaon +y he;ing and peeling and eparated -rom atta,hed ;ood!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (ali]gaR 7aKraR $ataKa
Aamee S DudhKuri
&engali S (ur,hi
*nglih S *ter treeR Conei +arK
GuGrati S (udaR (ada,hhalR (udo
Hindi S (ur,hiR (uraiya
(annada S (odaigeR HalagattigidaR Halagatti Mara
(ahmiri S (ogad
Malayalam S (utaKappala
Marathi S Pandhra (uda
Oriya S (ureiR (eruan
PunGa+i S (urauKKR (ura
9amil S (udaapalai
9elugu S (odiapalaR PalaKodia
>rdu S (ur,hi
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5mall re,ur?ed pie,e o- ?arying i@e and thi,KneR outer ur-a,e +u-- to
+ro;nih longitudinally ;rinKled and +earing hori@ontal lenti,elR inner ur-a,e
+ro;nihR rough and ,aly -ra,ture hort and granularR tateR a,rid and +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- dried tem +arK ho; ,orK ,oniting o- .H12 ro; o-
tangentially elongated ,ellR radial 1/H ./ = tangential '4H24 = ,orK ,am+ium ,onit o-
a ro; o- thin ;alled tangentially elongated ,ellR e,ondary ,orte% uually ;ideR
paren,hymatouR interpered ;ith trand o- tone ,ellR tone ,ell re,tangular to o?alR
;ith numerou pit o-ten ,ontaining primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR nonHligni-ied
peri,y,li, -i+re upto /2 mm thi,KR preent in +arKR e,ondary phloem ;ide ,oniting o-
ie?eHtu+eR ,ompanion ,ellR phloem paren,hyma and tone ,ellR tone ,ell arranged
in tangential ro; in ,on,entri, manner ao,iated ;ith ,rytal heath ,ontaining prim
o- ,al,ium o%alateR medullary ray motly +i or trieriate rarely unieriate +e,oming
'*8
;ide to;ardR outer part and ,onit o- thinH;alledR radially elongatedR paren,hymatou
,ellR medullary ray ,ell near tone ,ell +e,ome ,leroed!


A55AA
AayH (uUaGa ,ontain not le than 2 per ,ent o- total alKloid ;hen aayed +y the
-ollo;ing methodS;eigh a,,urately a+out / g in po;der (No! 3/ ei?e" and moiten ;ith
14 ml o- an Al,oholH,hloro-orm mi%ture (1 S'" ,ontaining 2 per ,ent o- Ammonia
olution -or 1/ minute! Pa,K the mi%ture in a mall gla per,olator urrounded +y a
Ga,Ket o- hot ;ater Kept at /4>! Ma,erate ;ith more o- the alKaline Al,oholH,hloro-orm
mi%ture -or an hour and ,olle,t 2/ ml o- per,olate in a re,ei?er ,ontaining 1 g o- O%ali,
a,id diol?ed in / ml o- al,ohol! 5top the per,olation add l4 ml o- the al,oholH
,hloro-orm mi%ture ,ontaining 1 per ,ent ;\? o- 5odium Hydro%ide and ma,erate -or
-i-teen minute! Continue the per,olation adding -urther Luantitie o- the al,oholH
,hloro-orm mi%ture until the alKaloid are ,ompletely e%tra,ted! Mi% the per,olate ;ell
and e%tra,t +y haKing ;ith -i?e 24 ml portion o- 2 N Hydro,hlori, a,id! Com+ine the
a,id e%tra,t and maKe alKaline ;ith dilute Ammonia 5olution! *%tra,t ;ith -our 14 ml
portion o- Chloro-ormR add 1 ml o- 4!/ N 5odium Hydro%ideR and e%tra,t again ;ith
Chloro-orm! 8ah ea,h Chloro-orm e%tra,t ;ith the ame t;o 14 ml portion o- ;ater
,ontained in di--erent eparator! Com+ine the Chloro-orm e%tra,tR add 24 ml o- O!:N
5ulphuri, A,id and haKe ;ell -or / Minute! 9ran-er the a,id LiLuid to a ,oni,al -laKR
;ah the Chloro-orm e%tra,t ;ith t;o 24 ml portion o- ;ater and add the ;ahing to
the a,id liLuid in the ,oni,al -laK! 9itrate the e%,e o- a,id ;ith 4!1N 5odium
Hydro%ide uing the mi%ed ' indi,ator! *a,h ml o- 4!1N 5ulphuri, A,id i eLui?alent to
4!412/1g o- total alKaloid o- (utaGa!

CON59:9>*N95 H Coneine and related alKaloid!
0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S DXpanaR 5a]grPhXR (aphapittaTPmaKa

'*-
:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (uUaGPriWaR (uUaGP?alehaR (uUaGaghana $ati

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ArTaR AtiPraR (uWUhaR Pra?PhiKPR 9YWZPR J?arPtiPra

'*(
/2! La?anga (#!&ud!"
LA$AEGA
La?a]ga i the dried -lo;er +ud o- 5y@ygium aromati,um (Linn!" Merr! O L!M!
Perry 5yn! *ugenia aromati,a (unt@eR *ugenia ,aryophyllata 9hun+! (#am! Myrta,eae"R a
tree! ,ulti?ated in many part o- the! ;orld and alo to a ,onidera+le e%tent in 5outh :ndiaS
-lo;er +ud ,olle,ted t;i,e a yearR :n the month o- O,to+er and #e+ruary ;hen they
,hange ,olour -rom green to ,rimonR dried ,are-ully and eparated -rom their pedun,le!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S De?apuWpa
Aamee S La?angR LanR Long
&engali S La?ang
*nglih S Clo?e
GuGrati S La?angR La?ing
Hindi S La?angaR Laung
(annada S La?anga
(ahmiri S 0ung
Malayalam S (arampuR (arayarnpoo?uR Grampu
Marathi S La?ang
Oriya S La+anga
PunGa+i S LaungR Long
9amil S (iram+uR La?angam
9elugu S La?angalu
>rdu S carn-ulR Laung
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#lo;er +ud meauring 14H11!/ mm in lengthR darK +ro;n or duty redR ,oniting
o- a u+H,ylindri,alR lightly -lattenedR -our ided hypanthiumR readily e%uding oil ;hen
preed hypanthium ,ontaining in it upper portion a t;o ,elled in-erior o?ary ;ith
numerou o?ule atta,hed to a a%ile pla,entaR urmounted +y -our thi,KR di?ergent epal
and ,o?ered +y unopened ,orolla ,oniting o- -our mem+ranou im+ri,ate petalR
-reLuently deta,hedR en,loing numerou in,ur?ed tamen and one ere,tHtyleR odourR
trongly aromati,R tateR pungentR aromati, -ollo;ed +y light tingling o- the tongue!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- hypanthium ho; epidermi and ,aly% teeth ,ompoed o-
traight ;alled ,ellR 8ith thi,K ,uti,le ha?ing large anomo,yti, tomataR hypanthium
tiue pongyR ,luter o- ,al,ium o%alate ,rytal ?arying in i@e -rom 2H24 = in
diameterR mall num+er o- tone ,ell and primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate preent
''*
in talKR tamenR ea,h ;ith an oil gland in the ape% o- the ,onne,ti?eR triangularly
,entri,ular pollen grainR 1/H24 = in diameter anther ;all ho;ing a typi,al -i+rou
layerR ,hi@olyigenou gland -ound in all part o- ,lo?eR o,,aional iolate peri,y,li,
-i+re preent!
Po;erHDarK +ro;nR -ragment o- paren,hyma ho;ing large o?alR ,hi@olyigenou oil
,a?itieR piral tra,heid and a -e; rather thi,KH;alledR pindle haped -i+reR ,al,ium
o%alate ,rytal in roette aggregateR 14H1/ = in diameterR -ragment o- anther ;all
;ith ,hara,teriti, reti,ulated ,ell pollen grain numerouR tetrahedralR 1/H24=! in
diameter!

$olatile oil Not le than 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oil (eugenala,etate and ,aryophyllene"!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S 7VlaharaR DXpanaR (PaharaR (aphapittaTPmaKaR PP,anaR 0u,ya

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H La?a]gPdi $aUXR La?a]gPdi CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AmlapittaR 7?PaR ChardiR dhmPnaR HiKKPR (PaR (WayaR 9YWZP
DO5* H 4!/H2!4 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'''
/'! Lodhra (5t!&K!"
LODH0A
Lodhra ,onit o- dried tem +arK o- 5ymplo,o ra,emoa 0o%+! (#am!
5ymplo,a,eae"S an e?ergreen treeR 2H3!/ m tallR -ound a+undantly in plain and lo;er hill
throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 0odhraR PaiUUKP LodhraR 7P+ara LodhraR 9irXUa!
Aamee S Mugam
&engali S LodhaR Lodhra
*nglih S 5ymplo,o +arK
GuGrati S Lodha@
Hindi S Lodha
(annada S Lodhra
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S Pa,hotti
Marathi S LodhaR Lodhra
Oriya S HH
PunGa+i S Lodhar
9amil S $ellilathiR $ellilothram
9elugu S Lodhuga
>rdu S LodhR Lodhpathani
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Mature tem +arK o,,ur in ,hannelled or ,ur?ed pie,eR -e; -iat pie,e alo
o,,ur in thi,Kne upto 1,mR outer ur-a,e une?en and rough due to -iure and ,ra,KR
grayih +ro;n to grey e%ternallyR pale to ;hitihH+ro;n internallyR -ra,ture hort and
granular in ,orti,al region and ome;hat -i+rou in inner regionR tateR atringent and
-ee+ly +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- mature +arK ho; a ;ide ,orK o- thinH;alledR re,tangular
,ell arranged in radial ro;R ,orK ,am+ium 1H' layeredR e,ondary ,orte% ,onit o-
thinH;alledR o?al and tangentially elongated paren,hymatou ,ell to;ard outer ide
and rounded ,ell to;ard inner ideR a num+er o- tone ,ellR in ingle or in group
preentR ,attered throughout the region ha?ing highly thi,Kened ;all ;ith ditin,t pitR
primati, and ,luter ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR and tar,h grainR motly imple
preent in a num+er o- ,orti,al ,ellR e,ondary phloem ;ide ,oniting o- ie?e
elementR phloem paren,hymaR phloem -i+re and tone ,ellR phloem paren,hyama thinH
''.
;alledR o?al to re,tangularR ,ontaining primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate ,attered in
phloem paren,hymaR phloem -i+re ligni-ied and preent in ingle or in groupR ,rytal
not preent in -i+reR iolated -i+re pindle haped ;ith pointed endR group o- tone
,ell a rounded pat,he ditri+uted throughout phloem regionR medullary ray uni to
multieriate ,oniting o- re,tangular ,ell ha?ing +ro;n ,olouring matter in ome ,ellR
+roader medullary ray dialating to;ard outer phloem regionR a num+er o- phloem ,ell
alo ,ontain tar,h grainR motly arranged in groupR rarely olitaryR imple and
rounded!
Po;derHGreyihH+ro;nR under mi,ro,ope ho; -ragment o- ,orKR tone ,ellR -i+reR
primati, and ,luter ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate and tar,h grain!


CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid (loturine and ,olloturine" and red ,olouring matter!

0aa S (aWPya
Guna S Laghu
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S CaKWuWyaR GrPhXR (aphapittanut

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 0odharPa?a (LodhrPa?a "R PuWyPnuga CVrZaR &Yhat
Ga]gPdhara CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR AtiPraR NetrarogaR 0aKtapittaR Pradara
DO5* H 'H/ g o- the drug in po;der -orm!
24H'4 g o- the drug in -or de,o,tion!

''0
/.! Madana (#rt!"
MADANA
Madana ,onit o- dried -ruit o- Meromphi pinoa (9hun+" (eayR 5yn 0andia
dumetorum Lam! (#am! 0u+ia,eae"R a de,iduou thorny hru+ or a mallR treeR rea,hing a
height upto 6 m and girth a+out a metreR +ran,he numerouR thi,K and hori@ontalR -ound in
u+HHimalayan tra,t e%tending eat;ard in 5iKKim upto 1244 m and outh;ard to
Peninular :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S MPdanX
Aamee S Maen
&engali S MainaphalR Mayanaphal
*nglih S *meti, nut
GuGrati S MindhalR MindholR Mindhar
Hindi S Manphal
(annada S MangariKaiR (arigiddaR Madanaphala MaggreKaiR (ariR Maggare (ayi
(ahmiri S Madan-al
Malayalam S MalanKaraR MalamKaraKKa
Marathi S GalR GalphalaR GiephalaR Madanphala
Oriya S MaenaR Madana
PunGa+i S MindhalR 0araR Manphal
9amil S MaruKKarai
9elugu S Mranga (ayaR Monga (aya
>rdu S MainphalR Jau@HulHcai
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruitR 1!3H.!/ ,m longR glo+oe or +roadly o?oidR longitudinally ri++ed or mooth
yello;ihH+ro;nR ,ro;ned ;ith peritent ,aly%Hlim+R -ruitR ,ontain numerou eedR
4!.H4!2 ,m longR ,ompreedR moothR +ro;n and ?ery hard!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
#ruitHtran?ere e,tion ho; epi,arp ,oniting o- ingle layered epidermiR
ometime o+literated in ur-a,e ?ie;R epidermal ,ell thinH;alled and polygonalR
meo,arpR +road @one ,oniting o- thinH;alledR paren,hyamatou ,ellR ome ,ell
,ontain reddihH+ro;n ,ontentR a num+er o- ?a,ular +undle -ound em+edded in thi
@oneR endo,arp tony ,oniting o- light yello; polygonalR ,leren,hymatou ,ell o-
?aria+le hape and i@e!
'')
5eedHtran?ere e,tion ho; a eed ,oatR ,oniting o- ingle layeredR rounded to o?al
epidermal ,ellR a -e; layer o- yello;ihH+ro;n pigmented ,ellR endoperm -orm +ulK
o- eed ,oniting o- large o?al and irregular haped paren,hymatou ,ellR al+umen
hornyR tranlu,entR ,ell o- outermot layer maller in i@e!
Po;derH0eddih +ro;nR under mi,ro,ope ho; numerouR largeR irregularR reddih
+ro;n ,ell ,lereid o- ?aria+le hape and i@eR pie,e o- %ylem ?eel ;ith reti,ulate
thi,KeningR thinH ;alledR ,ruhed paren,hymatou ,ell and yello;Horange pie,e o-
eed ,oat

A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than 4!2/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oilR aponinR tannin and rein!
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S $amanaR LeKhana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H PippalyPdi 9aila!

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H GulmaR (uWUhaR $idradhiR 7leWmaG?araR PratiTyPya
DO5* H 4!/ H1!4 g o- the drug in po;der -orm -or de,o,tion!
'H2 g o- the drug -or indu,tion o- ?omiting!

''7
//! Mihreya (#rt!"
M:70*A
MiTreyP ,onit o- dried ripe -ruit o- #oeni,ulum ?ulgare Mill (#am!
>m+elli-erae" R an ere,tR gla+rouR aromati, her+R 1H2 m highR ,ulti?ated e%teni?ely
throughout :ndia upto 13'4 m and alo ometime -ound ;ildR -ruit ripen in 5eptem+erR
tem ,ut ;ith i,Kle and put up in looe hea?e to dry in unR ;hen dryR -ruit are +eaten
out in a ,loth in unR ,leaned +y ;inno;ing and ,olle,ted!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S MiTiR MiWiR MadhuriKP
Aamee S Gu?amuri
&engali S MaruiR Panmauri
*nglih S #annel #ruit
GuGrati S $ariyali
Hindi S 5aun-
(annada S &adiompuR Doddaompu
(ahmiri S 5anu-R &adnai
Malayalam S (attuataKuppaR ParinGaeragum
Marathi S &adihop
Oriya S Panamadhuri
PunGa+i S 5aun-
9amil S 5hom+u
9elugu S 5opu
>rdu S 5aun-
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruitR uually entire ;ith pedi,el atta,hedR meri,arpR upto a+out 14 mm long
and . mm +roadR -i?e ided ;ith a ;ider ,ommiural ur-a,eR tapering lightly to;ard
+ae and ape%R ,ro;ned ;ith a ,oni,al tylopodR gla+rouR greenih or yello;ihH+ro;n
;ith -i?e paler prominent primary ridge R endopermR orthopermou!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- -ruit ho; peri,arp ;ith outer epidermi o- Luadrangular to
polygonal ,ell ;ith mooth ,uti,le and a -e; tomataR tri,homeR a+ent ?ittaeR . doral
and 2 ,ommiural e%tending ;ith length o- ea,h meri,arpR inter,otal ;ith an
epithelium o- +ro;n ,ell and ?olatile oil in ,a?ityR meo,arpR ;ith mu,h reti,ulate
ligni-ied paren,hymaR ,otaeR / in ea,h meri,arpR ea,h ;ith 1?a,ular trand ha?ing
inner %ylem trand and 2 lateral phloem trand eparated +y a +undle o- -i+re inner
epidermi o- ?ery narro;R thinH;alled ,ell arranged parallel to one another in group o-
'',
/H1R many o- thee group ;ith longer a%i o- their ,ell at angle ;ith thoe o- adGa,ent
group (ParLuetry arrangement"R endoperm ,onit o- thi,KH;alledR ,elluloi,
paren,hyma ,ontaining mu,h -i%ed oilR mi,roHroette ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR and
numerou aleurone grain upto / = in diameterR ,arpophore ;ith ?ery thi,KH;alled
,leren,hyma in t;o trandR o-ten unplit ;ith t;o trand ?ery ,loe to ea,h Other!

A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!
$olatile oil Not le than 1!. per ,ent?\;R Appendi% 2!2!14

Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S AnulomanaR &alyaR DXpanaR $PtapittaharaR madoWahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H MiTreyPrKaR Paa,aaKPra CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR AgnimPndyaR (PaR Pra?PhiKPR 0aKtadoWaR ArTa
DO5* H 'H2 g! o- the drug in po;der -orm!

''8
/2! Nyagrodha (5t!&K!"
NAAG0ODHA
Nyagrodha ,onit o- dried mature tem +arK o- #i,u +engaleni Linn! (#am!
Mora,eae" R a large +ran,hing tree ;ith numerou aerial root o,,urring all o?er :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S $ata
Aamee S $atR AhatR $atga,h
&engali S &ot
*nglih S &anyan tree
GuGrati S $adR $adalo
Hindi S &adraR &argadR &ada
(annada S AalaR AladamaraR $ata
(ahmiri S &ad
Malayalam S Peraal
Marathi S $ael
Oriya S &ataR &ara
PunGa+i S &haur
9amil S AalamaramR Aalam
9elugu S Marri
>rdu S &argadR &ad
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Mature tern +arK grey ;ith thinR ,loely adhered ahy ;hiteR light +luihHgreen
or grey pat,heR +arK -iat or lightly ,ur?eR thi,Kne ?arie ;ith age o- tree S e%ternally
rough due to preen,e o- hori@ontal -urro; and lenti,elR motly ,ir,ular and prominentR
-ra,ture hort in outer t;o third o- +arK ;hile inner portion ho; a -i+rou -ra,ture
tateR atringent
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- mature +arK ho; ,ompreed ,orK tiue and dead
element o- e,ondary ,orte% ,oniting o- motly tone ,ell and thinH;alledR
,ompreed element o- ,orte% ,orK ,ell re,tangularR thi,KH;alled and ,ontaining
+ro;nih ,ontentR e,ondary ,orte% ;ideR -orming more than hal- o- thi,Kne o- +arKR
,ompoed o- large group o- tone ,ell and paren,hymatou ,ellR tone ,ell ?ary in
hapeR paren,hymatou ,ell thinH;alled and ome;hat ,u+i,al to o?al -e; in num+er
and o,,ur +et;een group o- tone ,ellR ome o- ,ell ,ontain primati, ,rytal o-
,al,ium o%alateR tar,h grain and tanninR e,ondary phloem ,ompoed o- a -e; ie?e
element paren,hymaR -i+reR tone ,ell and late% tu+e alternating ;ith medullary rayR
''-
ie?e element ,ompreed in !outer region o- +arK ;hile inta,t m inner regionR -e;
thi,KH;alled phloem paren,hyma o,,urring in +et;een pat,he o- phloem -i+re and
tone ,ellR tone ,ell imilar to thoe preent in e,ondary ,orte%R ome phloem ,ell
,ontain primati, ,al,ium o%alate ,rytal aloR preent in -i+re -orming ,rytal -i+reR
medullary ray 2H/ eriateR ,ompoed o- thi,KH;alledR ,ir,ular to o?al ,ell -e; ,ell alo
,on?erted into tone ,ell and ome ha?e pitted ;allR alo ,ontaining plenty o- tar,h
grainR motly roundedR rarely o?al or emiHlunar in hapeR imple a ;ell a ,ompound
typeR ,ompound tar,h grain ,onit o- 2H' ,omponentR ,am+ium ,ompoed o- a -e;
layer o- mallR re,tangularR thinH;alled ,ell!


CON59:9>*N95 H 9anninR gly,oide and -la?onoid!
0aa S (aWPya
Guna S GuruR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S DPhaghnaR MVtraa]grahaZiyaR 5tam+hanaR $arZyaR $raZPpahaR
(aphapittaGitaR AonidoWahYt

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H NyagrodhPdi CVrZaR NyagrodhPdi (?Ptha CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H DPhaR PramehaR 0aKtapittaR 9YWZPR $iarpaR $raZaR AonidoWa

''(
/1! Pahana+heda (0@!"
P<BA&H*DA
PPWPZa+heda ,onit o- rhi@ome o- &ergenia ,iliata (Ha;!" 5tern+!R 5yn!
&ergenia ligulata (8all!" *ngl! (#am! 5a%i-raga,eae"R a mall perennial her+ -ound
throughout temperate Himalaya -rom &hutan to (ahmir at an altitude +et;een
2444H'444 m and in (haia hill upto 1244 m altitude!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S ATma+hedaKaR 7ilP+heda
Aamee S PatharKu,hi
&engali S PatharKu,hiR HimaagaraR PatranKur
*nglih S HH
GuGrati S Pahan+hedaR PaKhan+heda
Hindi S PaKhana+hedaR 5ilpharaR Pathar,uaR PaKhana+hedR 5ilp+heda
(annada S AlepgayaR Pahan+hediR HittagaR Paana+eruR HittulaKa
(ahmiri S Pahan+hed
Malayalam S (allur?an,hiR (allur?anniR (allor?an,hi
Marathi S Pahan+heda
Oriya S Paan+hediR Pahana+heda
PunGa+i S (a,haluR Pahan+hed
9amil S 5irupilai
9elugu S (ondapindi
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0hi@omeR olidR +arrel hapedR ,ylindri,alR 1!/H' ,m long and 1H2 ,m in diameter
;ith mall rootR ridgeR -urro; and root ,ar ditin,tR tran?erely ,ut ur-a,e ho;
outer ring o- +ro;n ,oloured ,orKR hort middle ,orte%R ?a,ular +undle and large
,entral pithR odourR aromati,R tateR atringent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; ,orK di?ided into t;o @oneR outer a -e;
layer o- lightly ,ompreed and +ro;n ,oloured ,ellR inner @one multilayered
,oniting o- thinH;alled tangentially elongatd and ,olourle ,ellR -ollo;ed +y a ingle
layered ,orK ,am+ium and 2H' layer o- e,ondary ,orte% ,ompoed o- thi,KH;alledR
tangentially elongatedR re,tangular ,ell ;ith inter,ellular pa,eR ome ,ell ,ontain
roette ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate and imple tar,h grain ,orte% a narro;H@one o-
paren,hymatou ,ell ,ontaining a num+er o- imple tar,h grainR mot o- ,orti,al ,ell
alo ,ontain large roette ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR endoderm i and peri,y,le a+ent!
'.*
?a,ular +undleR arranged in a ringR ,ollateralR ,onGoint and openR phloem tiue ,ornH
poed o- ie?e element and paren,hymaR in outer region -ound a ,ompreed mae
;hile in inner region inta,t! a num+er o- roette ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate alo -ound
a ,rytal -i+reR ,am+ium preent a ,ontinuou ring ,ompoed o- 2H' layer o- thinH
;alledR tangentially elongated ,ellR %ylem ,onit o- -i+reR tra,heidR ?eel and
paren,hymaR ;ith ,entre o,,upied +y large pith ,ompoed o- ,ir,ular to o?alR
paren,hymatou ,ellR ?arying in i@e and ,ontaining tar,h grain ;ith ,rytal o-
,al,ium o%alate imilar to thoe -ound in ,orti,al region!


CON59:9>*N95 H 9anni, a,idR galli, a,id and glu,oe

0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S Laghu
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S &hedanaR $atiTodhanaR ATmarighnaR MVtra?ire,aniya

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H ATmarXhara (aWPya CVrZaR MVtra?ire,aniya (aWPya C
VrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ATmariR MehaR MVtraKi,,hra

'.'
/3! Patha (0t!"
PIH
PPhP ,onit o- root o- Ciampelo pareira Linn! (#am! Meniperrna,eae"R an
e%teni?ely preadingR gla+rou to o-ty pu+e,entR perennial ,lim+ing hru+ ;ith nodoe
temR ,ommon in ;arm and dry region o- tropi,al and u+Htropi,al part o- :ndia upto an
altitude o- a+out 1/44 m!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S Am+aWhUaKi
Aamee S 9uprilata
&engali S AKanadiRPatha
*nglih S $el?et lea-
GuGrati S (alipathR (arondhiumR (arondiumR $eni?elR (aredhium
Hindi S PathaR PadhR AKanadi
(annada S Pahada?elaR Agaluhunthi
(ahmiri S Pad
Malayalam S Patha
Marathi S Pahad?elR PaharrelR Pahada?elR Padali
Oriya S (ana+indhiR Patha
PunGa+i S Patha
9amil S $atta tiruppi
9elugu S Adi?i+anKatigaR ,hiru +oddiR &oddi tiga
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0ootR ,ylindri,alR o-ten tortuouR 1H1!/ ,m in diameterR light +ro;n to yello;ih
in ,olourR ur-a,e rough and at pla,e rugged due to tran?ere ;rinKleR ,ra,K and
-iureR -ra,ture hort and plinteryR odourR -aint aromati,R tateR +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?are e,tion o- root ho;R 2H14 layer o- thinH;alledR re,tangular ,orK ,ell
e,ondary ,orte%R 1H' layered o- o?al to tangentially elongated ,ellR di,ontinuou ring
,oniting o- 2H' ro; o- tone ,ell and group o- phloem -i+reR tone ,ell ?aria+le in
hape ;ith imple pitR ?a,ular trand a radiating trip uually 3H12 o- %ylem and
phloem ome rea,hing up to the ,entreR phloem ,onit o- mall trand o- ie?e
element and paren,hyma Gut +elo; the ring o- tone ,ellR %ylem ,onit o- ?eelR
tra,heidR -i+re and %ylem paren,hymaR ?eel and tra,heid ho; imple pit on the
;allR %ylem paren,hyma uually thi,KH;alled and ligni-ied +ut due to deligni-i,ation
pat,he o- thinH;alled paren,hyma appear in the %ylem region!R medullary ray 1H'
'..
eriate appear to +e ?ery ;ide at a num+er o- pla,e due to addition o- deligni-ied %ylem
paren,hymatou ,ellR ray ,ell thinH;alledR a -e; ligni-ied and thi,KH;alled ;hile ome
ho; reti,ulate thi,KeningR plenty o- tar,h grain preent in ome o- ray ,ell!


CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloidR aponin and Luarternary ammonium +aeR -la?onol and
terol!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S &hagnaandhPnaKYtR GrPhXR 0aKtaTodhaKaR $iWaghnaR 9ridoWaTamanaR
5tanyaTodhana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H &YhatgangPdhara CVrZaR PuWyPnuga CVrZaR
PradarPntaKa LauhaR 5Pra?ata GhYtaR
5tanyaTodhana (aWPya CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlarogaR AtiPraR ChardiR J?araR (aZ[VR (uWUhaR 5tanyaduWUi

'.0
/6! Puga (5d!"
P=GA
PVga ,onit o- dried ripe eed o- Are,a ,ate,hu Linn! (#am! Palmae"R a gra,e-ulR
lenderR temmedR perennial palmR trunK rea,hing a height o- a+out 2/ m ,ulti?ated in the
,oatal region o- 5outhern :ndiaR &engal and Aam upto an altitude o- 1444 m!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (ramuKaR GhoZP
Aamee S 9amolR 9amul
&engali S 5upari
*nglih S Are,a nutR &etle nut
GuGrati S 5opari
Hindi S 5upariR Chr alia
(annada S AdiK
(ahmiri S 5upariR 5pari
Malayalam S AdaKKuR PaKKu
Marathi S 5upariR Pophal
Oriya S Gua
PunGa+i S 5upariR 5pari
9amil S (amuguR PaKKuR PaKhumaram
9elugu S PaKa ,heKKaR $aKKa
>rdu S #u-alR Choalia
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
O?oidR e%ternally paleR reddihH+ro;n to light yello;ihH+ro;nR marKed ;ith a
net ;orK o- paler lineR -reLuently ;ith adhering portion o- il?ery +rittle endo,arp and
adhering -i+re o- meo,orp at +ae o- eedR eed hard ;ith ruminate endoperm o-
+ro;nih tiue alternating ;ith ;hitih tiueR odourR ,hara,teriti,R tateR atringent!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- eed ho; a eed ,oat ,oniting o- e?eral ro; o- ,ellR
tangentially elongatedR ;ith inner ;all more or le thi,KenedR ;hitih ,ell o-
endoperm tiue ;ith thi,K porou ;all ,ontaining oil glo+ule and aleuroni, grainR
+ro;n peri perm tiue ;ith thi,K ;alled ,ell and deli,ate tra,heae!
Po;derH0eddih +ro;n to light +ro;nR under mi,ro,ope ho; -ragment o- endoperm
tiue ;ith porou ;allR irregularly thi,Kened and mall tone ,ell o- eed ,oatR a -e;
aleurone grain and oil glo+ule and a -e; deli,ate tra,heaeR tar,h a+ent!
'.)

A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than 4!. per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid (are,oline" tannin and -at!

0aa S (aWPya
Guna S GuruR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S Pra+ha?aS MohaKYtR DXpanaR (aphapittaGitR (ledanPTanaR Mala+hediR
MuKhTodhanaR $iKPX

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H PVgaKhaZ[a

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Aru,iR MuKha?iKPraR AoniTaithilyaR 7?etapradara

'.7
24! Punarna?a (0aKta" (8!P"
P>NA0NA$
Punarna?P ,onit o- driedR matured ;hole plant o- &oerhaa?ia di--ua Linn! (#am
Ny,tagina,eae"R trailing her+ -ound throughout :ndia and ,olle,ted a-ter rainy eaonR her+
i di--uely +ran,hed ;ith tout root to,K and many long lenderR protrate or a,ending
+ran,he!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (ahUillaR 7ophaghnXR 7othaghniR $arWP+hu
Aamee S 0anga Punarna+ha
&engali S 0aKta punarna?a
*nglih S Hore PurleneR Hog 8eed
GuGrati S DholiaturdiR Motoatodo
Hindi S GadapurnaR Lalpunarna?a
(annada S 5anadiKaR (omme+eruR (omma
(ahmiri S $anGula Punarna?a
Malayalam S Chu?anna 9a@huta;a
Marathi S GhetuliR $au,himuliR 5atodimulaR Punarna?aR (haparKhuti
Oriya S LalapuiruniR Nalipuruni
PunGa+i S lt,it (:al"R (hattan
9amil S MuKurattai (5hihappu"
9elugu S AtiKamamidiR *rra galiGeru
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5temHgreenihpurpleR ti--R lenderR ,ylindri,alR ;ollen at nodeR minutely pu+e,ent or
n early gla+rouR protrate di?eri,ately +ran,hedR +ran,he -rom ,ommon talKR o-ten
more than a metre long!
0ootH ;el de?elopedR -airly longR ome;hat tortuouR ,ylindri,alR 4!2H1!/ ,m in
diameterR yello;ih +ro;n to +ro;n ,olouredR ur-a,e o-t to tou,h +ut rough due to
minute longitudinal triation and root ,arR -ra,tureR hortR no ditin,t odourR tateR
lightly +itter!
Lea?eHoppoite in uneLual pairR larger one 2/H'1 mm long and maller one 12H13
mm long o?ateHo+long or u+or+i,ularR ape% rounded or lightly pointedR +ae
u+,ordate or roundedR green and gla+rou a+o?eR ;hitih +elo;R margin entire or u+H
undulateR doral ide pinKih in ,ertain ,aeR thi,K in te%tureR petiole nearly a long a
the +ladeR lender!
'.,
#lo;erH?ery mallR pinK ,olouredR nearly eile or hortly talKedR 14H2/ ,mR in mall
um+ellR arranged on lender long talKR .H14 ,orym+R a%illary and in terminal pani,leR
+ra,teoleR mallR a,uteR perianth tu+e ,ontri,ted a+o?e the o?aryR lo;er part greenihR
o?oidR ri++edR upper part pinKR -unnelHhapedR ' mm longR tu+e / lo+edR tamen 2H'!
#ruitHone eeded nutR 2 mm long ,la?ateR roundedR +roadly and +luntly / ri++edR ?i,idly
glandular!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
5temH9ran?ere e,tion o- tem ho; epidermal layer ,ontaining multi ,ellularR
unierite glandular tri,home ,oniting o- 6H12 talKed ,ell and an ellipoidal headR
1/4H224 = longR ,orte% ,onit o- 1H2 layer o- paren,hymaR endodermi inditin,tR
peri,y,le 1H2 layeredR thi,KH;alled o-ten ,ontaining ,attered iolated -i+reR tele
,oniting o- many mall ?a,ular +undle o-ten Goined together in a ring and many +ig
?a,ular +undle ,attered in the ground tiueR intra -a,i,ular ,am+ium preent!
0ootHtran?ere e,tion o- mature root ho; a ,orK ,ompoed o- thinH;alled
tangentially elongated ,ell ;ith +ro;n ;all in the outer -e; layerR ,orK ,am+ium o-
1H2 layer o- thin ;alled ,ell e,ondary ,orte% ,onit o- 2H' layer o- paren,hymatou
,ell -ollo;ed +y ,orte% ,ompoed o- /H12 layer o- thinH;alledR o?al to polygonal ,ellR
e?eral ,on,entri, +and o- %ylem tiue alternating ;ith ;ide @one o- paren,hymatou
tiue preent +elo; ,orti,al regionR num+er o- +and ?ary a,,ording to thi,Kne o-
root and ,ompoed o- ?eelR tra,heid and -i+reR ?eel motly -ound in group o-
2H3 in radial ro;R ha?ing imple pit and reti,ulate thi,KeningR tra,heidR mallR thi,KH
;alled ;ith imple pitR -i+re aeptateR elongatedR thi,KH;alledR pindle haped ;ith
pointed endR phloem o,,ur a hemipheri,al or ,re,enti, pat,he outide ea,h group
o- %ylem ?eel and ,ompoed o- ie?e element and paren,hymaR +road @one o-
paren,hymatou tiueR in +et;een t;o u,,ei?e ring o- %ylem element ,ompoed o-
thinH;alled more or le re,tangular ,ell arranged in radial ro;R ,entral region o- root
o,,upied +y primary ?a,ular +undleR numerou raphide o- ,al,ium o%alateR in ingle
or in group preent in ,orti,al region and paren,hymatou tiue in +et;een %ylem
tiueR tar,h grain imple and ,ompound ha?ing 2H. ,omponent -ound in a+unden,e
in mot o- ,ell o- ,orte%R %ylem element in paren,hymatou tiue +et;een %ylem
elementR imple tar,h grain motly rounded in hape and meaure 2!1/H11 = in
diameter!
Lea?eH9ran?ere e,tion o- lea- ho; anomo,yti, tomata on +oth ideR numerouR a
-e; hort hairR 'H. ,elledR preent on the margin and on ?einR paliade one layeredR
pongy paren,hyma 2H. layered ;ith mall air pa,eR idio+lat ,ontaining raphideR
o,,aionally ,luter ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate and orangeHred reinou matter preent in
meophyll!
Paliade ratio '!/H2!/R tomatal inde% 11H12R ?ein ilet num+er 6H1/!
'.8

8aterHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than . per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1!

A55AA
AayHContain not le than 4!1 per ,ent o- total alKaloidR ;hen aayed +y the
-ollo;ing methodR
9aKe a,,urately a+out 144 g o- the drug (24 meh po;der" and moiten ;ith dilute
olution o- Ammonia! *%tra,t ,ontinuouly in a o%hlet apparatu -or 13 hour ;ith 6/
per ,ent Al,ohol! 0emo?e the al,ohol +y ditillation! *%tra,t the reidue ;ith -i?e 2/ ml
portion o- 1 N Hydro,hlori, a,id till ,omplete e%tra,tion o- the alKaloid i e--e,ted!
9ran-er the mi%ed a,id olution into a eparating -unnel and ;ah ;ith / ml o-
Chloro-ormR runo-- the Chloro-orm layer! MaKe the a,id olution ditin,tly alKaline ;ith
Ammonia and haKe ;ith -i?e 2/ ml portion o- Chloro-orm or till ,omplete e%tra,tion
o- alKaloid i e--e,ted! 8ah the ,om+ined ,hloro-orm e%tra,t ;ith t;o portion ea,h
o- / ml o- ;ater! #ilter the ,hloro-orm layer in tared -laK and e?aporate to dryne! Add
to the reidue / ml o- Al,oholR e?aporate to dryneR repeat the pro,e on,e again and
;eigh the reidue to ,ontant ;eight in a ?a,uum dei,,ator!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid (Punarna?ine"!

0aa S MadhuraR 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S 0VKWa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S AnulomanaR 7othaharaR MVtralaR $PtaTleWmahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Punarna?PWaKa (?Ptha CVrZaR Punarna?Pa?aR
Punarna?Pdi MaZ[VraR 5uKumPra GhYtaR
7othaghna Lepa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR PPZ[u

'.-
21! 5aptaparna (5t!&K!"
5AP9APA0BA
5aptaparZa ,onit o- tem +arK o- Altonia ,holari (Llnn!" 0! &r! (#am!
Apo,yna,eae"R a tall e?ergreen treeR -ound in the 5u+HHimalayan tra,t a,ending to 644 m
-rom Jammu eat;ard and ;etern peninula motly in de,iduou -oret!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 5apta,,hadaR 5aptapar]XR 5aptPh?P
Aamee S Chatiyan
&engali S Chatin
*nglih S Dita
GuGrati S 5aptaparnaR 5at?ana
Hindi S Chhati?anR 5ata;ana
(annada S MaddaleR HaleR *leyalaga
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S Dai?aphalR *@ilampala
Marathi S 5at?een
Oriya S Ch+atianaR Chatiana
PunGa+i S 5athiR 5atanna
9amil S *@ilampalai
9elugu S *daKula Ponna
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
&arK o,,ur in ,hannelled or o,,aionally Luilled pie,eR 'H.mm thi,K -rom
+ran,he and ,ut or +roKen irregularly into ,ur?ed or -lat pie,eR a+out 1 mm thi,K -rom
temR e%ternally younger +arK darK grey to +ro;nR older +arK ?ery roughR une?en and
mu,h -iured tran?erely and longitudinallyR +oth marKed ;ith numerou rounded or
tran?erely elongatedR grey to ;hitih +ro;n lenti,elR internally +ro;nihH+u-- to darK
greyihH+ro;nR ome;hat triated and indentedR -ra,tureR hort and moothR -ra,tured
ur-a,e ho; a narro;R inner portion tra?ered +y numerouR -ineR medullary ray and a
?arying pongy outer portion

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- +arK ho; a multiHlayeredR thi,K and thinH;alled ,orKR a
+road @one o- e,ondary ,orte% ,ompoed o- thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ellR
in,luding many rounded late% ,a?itieR ,attered throughout tiueR ,ontaining numerou
rhom+i, to polygonal ,al,ium o%alate ,rytalR numerou tone ,ell -orming a nonH
,ontinuou layer o- .H3 ,ellR irregularR rounded to linearR -i+reHliKeR +lunt at +oth endR
'.(
internal to e,ondary ,orte% a e,ondary phloem ,ell ,ontaining many ie?e tu+eR ,orK
,ell +ri,K haped to almot Luare in tran?ere and longitudinal e,tion and polygonal
in ur-a,e ?ie;R ,orK ,am+ium -orm a region o- t;o ro; o- ,ell identi,al to ,orK
,ellR ituated in +et;een ,orK and e,ondary ,orte%R e,ondary phloem ,ell maller in
dimenion than ,orti,al ,ell ,oniting o- phloem paren,hymaR many ie?e tu+e and
,ompanion ,ellR -i+re a+ent!


A55AA
AayHContain not le than 4!2 per ,ent o- total alKaloid ;hen aayed +y the
-ollo;ing methodSH
9aKe 2/ g in No! 24 meh po;der! 9ran-er to a ,ontinuou e%tra,tion apparatu
and e%tra,t ;ith 64 per ,ent Al,ohol -or . hour (at leat ' e%tra,tion are eential"!
0emo?e the ol?ent and tran-er to a eparating -unnel ;ith the help o- a little ;ater and
/ ml o- 6/ per ,ent Al,ohol! Add a+out 1/ ml o- 8ater and 2 ml o- olution o- 24
per,ent 5odium Hydro%ide to maKe the olution alKaline and e%tra,t ;ith u,,ei?e
Luantitie o- Chloro-orm till the e%tra,tion o- alKaloid i ,omplete! 5haKe the ,om+ined
Chloro-orm e%tra,t ;ith u,,ei?e Luantitie o- a mi%ture o- . ?olume o- 4!2 N
5ulphuri, A,id and 1 ?olume o- Al,ohol until ,omplete e%tra,tion o- alKaloid i
e--e,ted! 8ah the mi%ed a,id olution t;i,e ;ith 14 ml portion o- Chloro-orm and then
t;i,e ;ith 14 ml portion o- *ther! 8ah the ,om+ined Chloro-orm and *ther olution
;ith 24 ml o- 4!1 N 5ulphuri, a,id! 9ran-er thi ;ahed a,id e%tra,t to the original a,id
e%tra,tR maKe ditin,tly alKaline ;ith olution o- 5odium Hydro%ide and haKe ;ith
u,,ei?e portion o- ,hloro-orm till the e%tra,tion o- the alKaloid i ,omplete! 8ah
the ,om+ined ,hloro-orm olution ;ith a+out / ml o- ;ater! 0emo?e mot o- the
,hloro-orm and tran-er the remainder to a mall open dih! 8hen the remo?al o-
,hloro-orm i almot ,omplete on ;ater +athR add a+out 2 ml Dehydrated Al,ohol and
e?aporate to dryne! Dry at 144> to ,ontant ;eight and ;eigh a total alKaloid!
CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid (e,hitamineR ditamine and e,hitamidine"!

'0*
0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S 5araR 5nigdha
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S AnulomanaR DXpanaR J?araghnaR (uWhaghnaR 0aKtaTodhaKaR
9ridoWaghna

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H AmYtPriWaR rag?adhPdi (?Ptha CVrZaR $aGraKa 9aila!

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR GulmaR J?araR (YmirogaR (uWUhaR 5Pndrameha

'0'
22! 5hati (0@!"
7AI)
7aUX ,onit o- li,edR dried rhi@ome o- Hedy,hium pi,atum Ham!e% 5mith
(#am! Ningi+era,eae"R a perennial rhi@omatou her+R meauring upto 1 m o,,ur in part o-
;etern and ,entral region o- u+Htropi,al Himalaya at an altitude o- 1/44H2444 mR
gro; a+undantly in (umaon and PunGa+!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 7athXR GandhamVliKP
Aamee S (aturiR 5ati
&engali S 5hatiR (a,hri
*nglih S 5piKed ginger lily
GuGrati S (apurKa,hriR (apurKa,hali
Hindi S (apurKa,hri
(annada S Goul (a,horaR 5eenaKa,horaR (a,hora
(ahmiri S (apoorKa,hara
Malayalam S (at,holamR (at,hooram
Marathi S (apuraKa,hariR Ga+laKa,hari
Oriya S Gandhaunthi
PunGa+i S (a,hurR (a,hoor
9amil S PoolanKi@angu (i,hili (i@ongu
9elugu S Gandha (a,huralu
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0hi@ome 1/H24 ,m longR 24H2/ mm in diameterR e%ternally yello;ihH+ro;n hut
,hanged to darK +ro;n on torageR drug a?aila+le in pie,e o- 2!/ ,m diameterR edge o-
ea,h pie,e i ,o?ered +y a rough reddihH+ro;n layer marKed ;ith numerou ,ar and
,ir,ular ringR rudiment o- rootHlet ?ii+leR odourR ,amphora,eouR tateR +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; an outermot thi,K layer o- u+eriedR darK
+ro;n ,ell o- outer ,orK ,oniting o- 14H1/ or more layer o- irregular
paren,hymatou ,ellR inner ,orK ,oniting o- a -e; layered light +ro;nR re,tangularR
radially arranged ,ell -ollo;ed +y a ;ide @one o- ,orte%R '4H.4 ,ell thi,KR ome
,orti,al ,ell -illed ;ith -lattened and o?alHo+long tar,h grainR numerou oleoHrein
,ell alo -ound in thi region ;hi,h ha?e u+eried ;all ,ontaining greenHyello; oilR a
thin endodermal layer preent +eneath ,orte%R ,entral ,ylinder ditinguihed +y preen,e
o- peripheral ple%u o- irregular ,ongeted ?a,ular +undle ;ith poorly de?eloped
'0.
me,hani,al tiueR ?a,ular +undle ,attered irregularly throughout ground tiueR
+undle ,loed and ,ollateral poeing group o- t;o or more %ylem elementR ground
tiue ,ompoed o- large paren,hymatou ,ell ;ith a+undant tar,h grain and oil!



$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S 7VlaharaR GrPhXR (apha?PtaghnaR MuKhaTodhana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H AgatyharXtaKX 0aPyanaR 7aUyPdi CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR 7?PaR ChardiR (PaR (aZ[VR MuKharoga

'00
2'! 5nuhi (5t!"
5N>H)
5nuhX ,onit o- tem o- *uphor+ia nerii-olia Linn! (#am! *uphor+ia,eae"R a large
+ran,hedR ere,tR gla+rouR u,,ulentR %erophyti, hru+ o,,urring ;ild on ro,Ky ground
throughout ,entral :ndia and e%teni?ely gro;n a a hedge plant!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 5udhPR $aGradrumPR 5nuK
Aamee S HH
&engali S ManaaiG
*nglih S MilKhedge
GuGrati S 9horR (antalo
Hindi S 9huharR 5ehunda
(annada S Muru (anina (alli
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S (alliR (aiKalli
Marathi S Ni?adung
Oriya S 9horR (antalothor
PunGa+i S 9hohar
9amil S *laiKalliR Perum+u (alli
9elugu S (adaGemudu
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5temR greenR ,ylindri,alR ho;ingR piral ridge portion onlyR dried temR tough
;ith pair o- harp tipular thornR ;ith hollo; pa,e in ,entre ,ontaining ;hite
reti,ulate maR tateR a,rid!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion ho; a ingle layered epidermi ,ompoed o- LuarihR thinH
;alledR paren,hymatou ,ellR -ollo;ed +y a thi,K @one o- ,orte%R di--erentiated into t;o
partR outer o- thin ;alledR re,tangularR o?al and o+long paren,hymatou ,ell o- a+out
24 layer depthR inner ;ider @oneR ,oniting o- a+out '4H.4 layer o- thinH;alledR
o+long or o?oidR elongated paren,hymatou ,ell ha?ing a num+er o- rounded and o?al
late% ,ellR ome ,ontain darK yello;ih late%R the num+er o- late% ,ell gradually redu,e
to;ard outer ideR +elo; ,orte%R a+out 14 layer o- phloem preentR ,ontaining group o-
-i+re to;ard ,orte%R %ylem ,onit o- ?eelR tra,heidR -i+re and %ylem
paren,hymaR pith ,onit o- thinH;alledR rounded or o?alR paren,hymatou ,ellR tar,h
and ,al,ium o%alate ,rytal a+ent!
'0)
Po;derH Cream yello;R under mi,ro,ope ho;R ?eelR -i+re and ,orti,al ,ellR tar,h
and ,al,ium o%alate ,rytal a+ent!

Al,oholHolu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than / per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!

CON59:9>*N95 H 0einR gum and triterpene!
0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S GuruR IiKWZa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S &hedanaR 9iKWZa?ire,anaR maKapha?Ptahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H A+hayP La?aZaR CitraKPdi 9ailaR A?ittolPdi &hamaR
$aGraKWPra

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR GulmaR (uWUhaR MehaR >dararoga!
DO5* H 12/ H2/4 mg o- the drug in po;der -orm!
NoteH 7`dhana o- thi drug i to +e done +e-ore ue a de,ri+ed in appendi%!

'07
2.! 5uKhmaila (#rt!"
5=(<MA:L
5VKWmailP ,onit eed o- dried -ruit o- *lettaria ,ardamomum (Linn!" Maton
and it ?arietie (#am! Ningi+era,eae"R a tout large perennial her+R gro;ing naturally in
moit -oret o- ;etern ghat up to 1/44 mR alo ,ulti?ated in many other part o- outh
:ndia at an ele?ation -rom 1/4H1/44m!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 9ruUiR *lP
Aamee S 5arooplaa,hi
&engali S Chota elai,h
*nglih S Cardamom
GuGrati S *l,hiR *la,hiR *laya,hi
Hindi S Choti :laya,hi
(annada S *laKKiR 5anna AalaKKi
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S *lamR Chittelam
Marathi S $ellodaR Lahan?eldodaR $el,hi
Oriya S GuGuratiR Chotaa lei,haR Alai,ha
PunGa+i S :lla,hiR Chhoti La,hi
9amil S 5iruelam
9elugu S Chinne *laKuluR 5anna *laKulu
>rdu S Heel (hurd
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruit H 1H2 ,m long o?oid or o+long and more or le three ided ;ith roundedR angleR
greenih to paleH+u-- or yello;ih in ,olourR +ae rounded or ;ith the remain o-
pedi,leR ape% hortly +eaKedR ur-a,e almot mooth or ;ith light longitudinal
triationR mall trilo,ular -ruitR ea,h ,ontaining a+out 1/H24 eed in a ro; o- dou+leR
adhering together to -orm ,ompa,t ma!
5eedHdarK +ro;n to +la,KR a+out . mm long and ' mm +roadR irregularly angularR
tran?er,:y ;rinKled +ut not pittedR ;ith a longitudinal ,hannel ,ontaining rapheR
en,loed in a ,olourleR mem+ranou arilR odourR trongly aromati,R tateR ,hara,teriti,!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- eed ho; -lattenedR arilR thinH;alled paren,hymatou
,ellR teta ;ith outer epidermi o- thi,KH;alledR narro;R elongated ,ellR -ollo;ed +y a
layer o- ,ollaped paren,hymaR +e,oming 2 or ' layered in the region o- rapheR
'0,
,ompoed o- largeR thinH;alled re,tangular ,ell ,ontaining ?olatile oilR a +and o- 2 or '
layer o- paren,hyma and an inner epidermi o- thinH;alledR -lattened ,ellR inner
integument 2 layeredR an outer paliade ,leren,hyma ;ith yello; to reddihH+ro;n
+eaKer haped ,ellR 24 = long in radial dire,tion and 12 = ;ideR thi,Kened on inner and
anti,linal ;allR ea,h ,ell ;ith a mall +o;l haped lumen ,ontaining a ;arty nodule o-
ili,a and an inner epidermi o- -lattened ,ellR peri perm ,ell thinH;alledR pa,Ked ;ith
minute rounded polyhedral tar,h grainR a+out 1H2 to .H2 = in diameter and ,ontaining
1H1 mall primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR a+out 14H24 = longR endoperm o- thinH
;alled paren,hyma ,ontaining protein a a granular hyaline ma in ea,h ,ellR em+ryoR
o- mall thinH;alled ,ell ,ontaining aleurone grainR tar,h a+ent in endoperm land
em+ryoR -i+re ,leren,hymatouR large ?eel preent in peri,arp!

A,idHinolu+le ah Not more than . per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.!
$olatile oil Not le than . per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!14

0aa S MadhuraR (aUu
Guna S Laghu
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S AnulomanaR DXpanaR HYdyaR MVtralaR 0o,ana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H *lPdi ModaKaR *lPdi CVrZaR 5itopalPdi CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Aru,iR 7?PaR ChardiR (PaR MVtraKY,,hra
DO5* H 2/4H/44 mg o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'08
2/! 5hunthi (0@!"
7>BIH)
7uZhUX ,onit o- dried rhi@ome o- Ningi+er o--i,inale 0o%+! (#am!
Ningl+era,eae"R ;idely ,ulti?ated in :ndiaR rhi@ome dug in JanuaryH#e+ruaryR +ud and
root remo?edR oaKed o?ernightHin ;aterR de,orti,atedR and ome time treated ;ith lime
and dried!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S AuWadhaR MuhauWadhaR NPgaraR $iT?aR $iT?a+heWaGaR 7Ynga?eraR
$iT?PR $iT?auPWadha
Aamee S AdauthR Aadar 5huth
&engali S 5unthaR 5unthi
*nglih S Ginger rootR Ginger
GuGrati S 5unthR 5undhR 5untha
Hindi S 5onth
(annada S 5hunthi
(ahmiri S 5honth
Malayalam S ChuKKu
Marathi S 5unth
Oriya S 5unthi
PunGa+i S 5und
9amil S 5uKKuR ChuKKu
9elugu S 5onthiR 5unti
>rdu S 5onthR NanGa+eel
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0hi@omeR laterally ,ompreed +earing hortR -lattihR o?ateR o+liLueR +ran,he on
upper ide ea,h ha?ing at it ape% a depreed ,arR pie,e a+out /H1/ ,m longR 1!/H2!/
,m ;ide (uually 'H. ,m" and 1H1!/ ,m thi,KR e%ternally +u-- ,oloured ho;ing
longitudinal triation and o,,aional looe -i+reR -ra,ture hortR moothR tran?ere
ur-a,e e%hi+iting narro; ,orte% (a+out oneHthird o- radiu"R a ;ellHmarKed endodermi
and a ;ide tele ho;ing numerou ,attered -i+roH?a,ular +undle and yello;
e,reting ,ellR odour agreea+le and aromati,R tateR agreea+le and pungent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; ,orte%! o- iodiametri, thinH;alled
paren,hyma ;ith ,attered ?a,ular trand and numerou iodiametri, idio+latR a+out
.4H34 = :n diameter ,ontaining a yello;ih to reddihH+ro;n oleoHreinR endodermi
lightly thi,K ;alledR -ree -rom tar,h immediately inide endodermi a ro; o- nearly
'0-
,ontinuou ,ollateral +undle uually ;ithout -i+re tele o- thinH;alledR paren,hyma
,ellR arranged radially around numerou ,atteredR ,ollateral ?a,ular +undleR ea,h
,oniting o- a -e; unligni-iedR reti,ulate or piral ?eel upto a+out 14 = in diameterR
a group o- phloem ,ellR unligni-iedR thinH;alledR eptate -i+re upto a+out '4 = ;ide
and 244 = long ;ith mall o+liLue litR liKe pitR preentR numerou ,attered idio+latR
imilar thoe o- ,orte%R and ao,iated ;ith ?a,ular +undleR alo preentR idio+lat
a+out 3H24 = ;ide and up to 1'4 = long ;ith darK reddihH+ro;n ,ontentS in ingle or
in a%ial ro;R adGa,ent to ?eelR preentR paren,hyma o- ,orte% and tele pa,Ked ;ith
-lattenedR re,tangularR o?ateR tar,h grainR motly /H1/ = H '4H24 = long a+out 2/ =
;ide and 1 = thi,KR marKed +y -i?e tran?ere triation!


CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oilR pungent ,ontituent (gingerol and hogaol"R reinou
matter and tar,h!
0aa S (aUu
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S AnulomanaR DXpanaR HYdyaR PP,anaR $PtaKaphPpahaR madoWahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5au+hPgyaTuZhUXR 9riKauR 5au+hPgya $atiR $aiT?Pnara
CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AgnimPndyaR 7?PaR dhmPnaR ma?PtaR PPZ[uR >dararoga

'0(
22! 5?arnapatri (L-!"
5$A0BAPA90:
5?arZapatri ,onit o- dried lea?e o- Caia anguti-olia $ahl (#am!
Leguminoae"R a mall hru+R 24H1/ ,m highR -ound throughout the yearR ,ulti?ated largely
in 5outhern :ndiaR epe,ially in ditri,t o- 9inne?ellyR Madurai and 9iru,hirapally and ha
alo +een introdu,ed in MyoreR -ully gro;nR thi,K +luih ,olour lea?e tripped o-- +y
handR ,olle,ted and dried in hade -or 1H14 dayR till aume a yello;ihHgreen ,olourR
graded and then pa,Ked into large +ale!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S MPdanX
Aamee S 5onamuKhi
&engali S 5?amamuKhiR 5onapata
*nglih S :ndian 5enna! 9inne?elly 5enna
GuGrati S Mindhia?alR 5onamuKhi
Hindi S 5anayaR Hindiana
(annada S Nela?ariKaR 5onamuKhiR Nelaa?areR Nela?ariKeR Nela AanriaKe
(ahmiri S 5na
Malayalam S 5unnamuKhiR Nila?aKaR ChinnuKKiR Adapatiyan
Marathi S 5onamuKhi
Oriya S 5unamuKhi
PunGa+i S 5annamaKhiR 5anapatiR 5arnapatta
9amil S NilapponnaiR A?arai
9elugu S 5unamuKhi
>rdu S 5enaR &argHeH5ana
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Lea-letR 2!/H2 ,m long and 1H1/ mm ;ide at ,entreR pale yello;ihHgreenR
elongated lan,eolateR lightly aymmetri, at +aeR margin entireR -iat ape% a,ute ;ith a
harp pineR +oth ur-a,e mooth ;ith pare tri,homeR odourR -aint +ut ditin,ti?eR
tate mu,ilagenou and diagreea+le +ut not ditin,tly +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- lea-let through midri+ ho; an io+ilateral tru,tureR
epidermal ,ellR traight ;alled ,ontaining mu,ilageR +oth ur-a,e +ear ,atteredR
uni,ellular hairR o-ten ,oni,alR ,ur?ed near +aeR thi,KH;alledR nonHligni-iedR ;arty
,uti,leR tomataR para,yti,R numerou on +oth ur-a,eR meophyll ,onit o- upper and
lo;er paliade layer ;ith pongy layer in +et;eenR paliade ,ell o- upper ur-a,e
longer than thoe o- lo;er ur-a,e the latter ha?ing ;a?y anti,linal ;allR primaati,
')*
,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate preent on larger ?ein and ,luter o- ,al,ium o%alate
,rytal ditri+uted throughout the paliade and pongy tiueR midri+ +i,on?e%R
+undle o- midri+ and larger ?einR in,ompletely urrounded +y a @one peri,y,li, -i+re
and a ,rytal heath o- paren,hymatou ,ell ,ontaining primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium
o%alate!


CON59:9>*N95 H AnthraLuinoneR glu,oideR -la?onoidR teroid and rein!

$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S 0e,ana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Paa,aaKPra CVrZaR 5Pri?PdyPa?a

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H >dararogaR $i+andha
DO5* H 4!/H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

')'
21! 5?etaGiraKa (#rt!"
7$*9AJ:0A(A
7?etaGiraKa ,onit o- ripe -ruit o- Cuminum ,yminumR Linn! (#am!
>m+elli-erae"R a gla+rouR annual her+R '4H64 ,m hightR -lo;er ?ery mallR ;hiteR a+out
'3 mm long talK in ,ompound um+elR motly ,ulti?ated in plainR plant pulled outR dried
thrahed -or ,olle,ting mature -ruit!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S AGPGiR JiraKaR AGPGiKP
Aamee S Jira
&engali S JiraR 5adaGira
*nglih S Cumin eed! Cumin
GuGrati S JirautmiR JirnR JiraugiR JeeruR Jirun
Hindi S JiraR 5a-ed Gira
(annada S JirageR &ileGirege
(ahmiri S 5a-ed Noor
Malayalam S JeeraKam
Marathi S Pandhare Gire
Oriya S DhalaGeeraR DalaGiraR Jira
PunGa+i S 5a-ed JiraR Chitta Jira
9amil S 5heeragamR ChiraKamR JeeraKam
9elugu S JilaKarraR 9ella JilaKarra
>rdu S NirahR Niraa-ed
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruitR a ,remo,arpR o-ten eparated into meri,arpR +ro;n ;ith light ,oloured
ridge ellipoidalR elongatedR a+out .H2 mm longR 2 mm ;ideR tapering at end and
lightly ,ompreed laterallyR meri,arp ;ith / longitudinal hairy primary ridge -rom
+ae to ape%R alternating ;ith . e,ondary ridge ;hi,h are -latter and +ear ,onpi,uou
emergen,eR eed orthopermouR odour um+elli-erou ,hara,teriti,R tateR ri,hly pi,y!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- -ruit ho; epidermi ,oniting o- hort polygonalR ta+ular
,ell denely ,o?ered ;ith hortR +ritle hair on ridgeR meo,arp ;ith -e; layer o-
paren,hyma and -i?e ?a,ular +undle under -i?e primary ridgeR i% ?ittae under
e,ondary ridgeR -our on doral and t;o on ,ommiural ur-a,eR endo,arp ,onit o-
polygonal ,ell ,ontaining -i%ed oil and aleurone grain ,arpophore ,onit o- lender
-i+re!
').



0aa S (aUu
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S DXpanaR GrPhXR (YmighnaR (apha?PtaharaR PP,anaR 0u,ya

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Hi]g?Pdi CVrZaR JXraKPdyariWUaR JiraKPdimodaKaR Hi
]gu?a,Pdi CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AgnimPndyaR AtiPraR (Ymiroga

')0
23! 5?eta 5ari?a
7$*9A 50:$
7?eta 5Pri?P ,onit o- root o- Hemidemu indi,u (Linn!" 0! &r! (#am!
A,lepiada,eae"R a protrate or emiHere,t hru+ -ound throughout :ndia -rom upper
Gangeti, plain eatH;ard to AamR throughout CentralR 8etern and 5outhern :ndia upto
an ele?ation o- 244 m!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S AnantPR GopautPR 5Pri?P
Aamee S $aga 5ari?a
&engali S AnantamulR 5h?etahari?a
*nglih S :ndian 5araa Parilla
GuGrati S >palariR (a+ri
Hindi S Anantamul
(annada S Namada ?eruR &ili Namada+eruR AnantamoolR 5ogade+eruR
Namada+eru
(ahmiri S Anant mool
Malayalam S NannariR NannarR Naruneendi
Marathi S >palariR Anantamula
Oriya S Dralah?an Lai Anantamool
PunGa+i S AnantmoolR >h+ah
9amil S $en Nannar
9elugu S 5ugandhi PalaR 9ella 5ugandhi
>rdu S >h+a Hindi
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0oot o,,ur in pie,eR a+out '4 ,m long and 'H3 mm in diameterR ,ylindri,alR thi,KR
hardR ome;hat tortuouR par,ely +ran,hedR pro?ided ;ith -e; thi,K rootlet and e,ondary
rootR e%ternal appearan,e darK +ro;nR ometime ;ith ?iolet grey tingeR ,entre yello;R
;oodyR urrounded +y a mealy ;hite ,orti,al layerR +arK +ro;nihR ,orKyR marKed ;ith
tran?ere ,ra,K and longitudinal -iure and eaily deta,ha+le -rom the hard ,entral ,oreR
odourR ,hara,teriti,R tateR ;eetihR lightly a,rid and aromati,!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- root ho; periderm ,oniting o- three layer o- tiueR ,orKR
,orK ,am+ium and e,ondary ,orte%R ,orK ,ell radially -lattened and re,tangular in
appearan,e -illed ;ith darK +ro;n ,ontent gi?ing rea,tion o- tanninR ,orK ,am+iumR 2
or ' layeredR ,ompreedR and -illed ;ith deep +ro;n ,ontentR e,ondary ,orte%R 'H.
layer o- ,ellR imilar to ,orK ,ellR ;ith ?ery little or no darK +ro;n ,ontentR
'))
e,ondary phloem ,onit o- ie?e elementR paren,hymaR phloem ray ,ell along ;ith
e?eral lati,i-erou du,tR paren,hyma ,ell -illed ;ith tar,h grainR diameter 1H14 =R
o,,aional primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR lati,i-erou du,t ,attered in
paren,hymatou tiueR ,am+ium ?ery narro;S %ylem tra?ered +y narro; medullary
rayR ?eel and tra,heid ,hara,teried +y the preen,e o- pitted marKingR pith a+ent
and ,entral region o,,upied +y ;oody tiue!


CON59:9>*N95 H *aential oilR aponinR reinR tanninR terol and glu,oide!

0aa S Madhura
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S 0aKtaTodhaKaR $iWaghnaR 9ridoWanPTanaR DipanaR manPTanaR
J?arahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5Pri?PdyPa?a

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AgnimPndyaR Aru,iR AtiPraR 7?PaR J?araR (PaR (aZ[VR (uWUhaR
0aKta?iKPra

')7
26! 9agara (0@!"
9AGA0A
9agara ,onit o- predominantly dried rhi@omeR tolon and mall portion o- root o-
$aleriana ;alli,hii DCR (#am!$aleriana,eae"S a hairy perennial her+R gro;ing in temperate
Himalaya -rom (ahmir to &hutan and (haia hiil upto an altitude o- 'R444 mR rhi@ome
dug in autumnR ;ell ;ahed ;ith ;ater and dried!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S (PlPnuPriR (PlPnuPriKPR Nata
Aamee S 9agar
&engali S 9agar PaduKa
*nglih S :ndian $alerian
GuGrati S 9agar GanthodaR 9agar GanthoR Ghoda;aG
Hindi S MuhK+alaR 5ugandha+ala
(annada S Mandi+attalR Mandya?anthuR Mandi+attaluR 9agar
(ahmiri S &alaR MuhK+ala
Malayalam S 9haKaram
Marathi S 9agarR Ganthode
Oriya S 9agarapaduKaR Jalahiuli
PunGa+i S MuhKo+alaR 5ugandh+ala
9amil S 9agarai
9elugu S Grandhi 9agaramu
>rdu S 9agar
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0hi@omeR o- a+out .H3 ,m long and .H14 mm thi,K pie,eR dull yello;ihH+ro;!
u+H,ylindri,a1 and dori?entrally ome;hat -lattenedR roughR lightly ,ur?ed and
un+ran,hedR upper ur-a,e marKed ;ith raied en,ir,ling lea- ,arR under ur-a,e
+earing numerouR mallR ,ir,ular prominentR root ,ar and a -e; tout rootletR ,ro;n
+earing remain o- aerial tem ;ith ,ale lea?eR -ra,ture hort and hornyR tolon
,onne,ting rhi@ome toutR 1H/ mm long and 2H. mm thi,KR yello;ihHgrey in ,olourR
longitudinally ;rinKledR uually ;ith node and internode and +earing ad?entitiou
rootR o,,aionally thin tolon 1H2 mm thi,KR rootR yello;ihH+ro;nR 'H/ ,m long and 1
mm thi,KR odourR trong and remini,ent o- io?aleri, a,idR tateR +itter and ome;hat
,amphora,eou!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
0hi@ome H tran?ere e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; ,orKR ,oniting o- .H1. layer o-
ligni-iedR ,ell o,,aionally ,ontaining oil glo+uleR ,orte% paren,hymatou ,ontaining
'),
numerou tar,h grain oil glo+ule and yello;ihH+ro;n u+tan,eR outer 2 or ' layer o-
,orte%R ,ollen,hymatou o,,aional root tra,e appear a paler trandR endodermi
ingle layeredR peri,y,leR parea,hymatou !and ;ithin it 12H13 ,ollateral ?a,ular
+undleR eparated +y darK medullary ray preentR pith largeR paren,hymatouR la,unarR
,ontaining tar,h gramR tar,h o,,ur a ingle or o,,aional ,ompound grain o- t;o
,omponentR indi?idual grain +eing 1H'4 = motlyR 14H2/ = in diameter ,al,ium
o%alate ,rytal a+ent!
5tolonHHtran?ere e,tion o- tolon ho; ,orKR ,oniting o- 2H/ layerR ,orte% upto 2/
layerR parea,hymatouR -ollo;ed +y 24 ,ollateral ?a,ular +undleR ;hi,h in young
tolon eparated +y ,elluloi, paren,hymatou medullary ray and in older tolon
+e,ome ligni-iedR pith ;ide and la,unarR root tra,e a+ent!
0ootH tran?ere e,tion o- root ho; mallR ,entral paren,hymatou pithR urroundod
+y tetra,h to polyar,h %ylem and a ;ide paren,hymatou +arK!



$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S $iWaghnaR 9ridoWaharaR 0aKtadoWaharaR MPnaadoWhara!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H DhPn?antara 9ailaR MahPnPrPyaZa 9ailaR
De?adPr?PdyariWaR JPtiphalPdi CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H NetrarogaR ApamPraR >nmPdaR 7iroroga

')8
14! 9amalaKi (0t! 5t!O L-!"
9MALA()
9PmalaKX ,onit o- rootR tem and lea- o- Phyllanthu -raternu 8e+t! 5yn!
Phyllanthu niruri HooK! -! non Linn! (#am! *uphor+ia,eae"R an annual her+R 24H24 ,m
highR -ound in Central and 5outhern :ndia e%tending to Ceylon!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S MahidhPtriKPR &hVmyPmalaKXR &ahuphalP
Aamee S &huin Amla
&engali S &humamlaR &humi amalaKi
*nglih S HH
GuGrati S &hoi AmaliR &hony amariR &honyamali
Hindi S &hui Amala
(annada S Nelanelli
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S (i@anelliR (ee@hanelliR AGGhada
Marathi S &huia;ali
Oriya S &huin Amla
PunGa+i S Lodhar
9amil S (i@huKai nelliR (i@anelli
9elugu S Nela uiriKa
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
0ootHmallR 2!/H11 !4 ,m long! nearly traightR gradually taperingR ;ith a num+er o-
-i+rou e,ondary and tertiary rootR e%ternal ur-a,e light +ro;nR -ra,tureR hort!
5temH5lenderR ga+rouR light +ro;nR ,ylindri,alR 24H1/ ,m longR +ran,hing pro-ue
to;ard upper region +earing /H14 pair o- lea?eR internodeR 1H'!/ ,m longR odourR
inditin,tR tateR lightly +itter!
Lea-H,ompound and lea-Hlet arranged in t;o ro; ;ith a ra,hiR alternateR oppoite and
de,uate almot eileR tipulateR o+longR entireR upto 1!/ ,m long and 4!/ ,m ;ideR
greenihH+ro;n in ,olourR odourR inditin,tR tateR lightly +itter
+" Mi,ro,opi,
0ootHtran?ere e,tion ho;R .H2 layer o- ,orK ,oniting o- thinH;alledR
re,tangularR tangentially elongated and radially arranged ,ellR -illed 8ith reddihH+ro;n
,ontentR e,ondary ,orte% ,onit o- 3H14 layer o- thinH;alledR tangentially elongated
')-
paren,hymatou ,ellR e,ondary phloem narro; ,oniting o- ie?e elementR phloem
paren,hyma and tra?ered +y narro; phloem rayR e,ondary %ylem repreented +y a
+road @one o- tiueR ,ompoed o- ?eelR tra,heidR -i+re and paren,hymaR all
element +eing thi,KH;alled and ligni-ied ha?ing imple pitR %ylem ray unieriate!
5temHtran?ere e,tion ho;R a ingle layered epidermi ,ompoed o- thi,KH;alledR
-lattenedR tangentially elongated ,ellR older tem ho; .H/ layer o- ,orKR ,ompoed o-
thinH;alledR ta+ularR tangentially elongated and radially arranged ,ellR -illed 8ith
reddihH+ro;n ,ontentR ,orte% ,ompoed o- .H2 layer o- o?alR tangentially elongatedR
thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ellR ome ,orti,al ,ell -illed ;ith yello;ihH+ro;n
,ontentR endodermi Luite ditin,tR peri,y,le repreented +y a di,ontinuou ringR
,ompoed o- e?eral tangentially elongated trand o- ligni-ied -i+re ;ith thi,K ;all
and narro; lumenR e,ondary phloem narro;R ,ompoed o- ie?e elementR dipered in
ma o- phloem paren,hymaR e,ondary %ylem ,ompoed o- ?eelR -i+reR paren,hyma
and tra?ered +y numerou unieriate rayR ?eel motly imple pittedR a -e; ho;
piral thi,KeningR -i+re narro; elongatedR ;ith narro; or ometime +lunt end ;ith
imple pitR ,entreR o,,upied +y a pith ,ompoed o- thinH;alledR ,ir,ular to o?al
paren,hymatou ,ellR o,,aionally ,luter ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate preent in
paren,hymatou ,ell o- ground tiue!
Lea-Htran?ere e,tion o- lea- ho;R a +i,on?e% outlineR epidermi on either ideR
ingle layered ,o?ered e%ternally +y a thi,K ,uti,leR a paliade layer preent +eneath
upper epidermiR inter,epted +y a -e; paren,hymatou ,ell in the middleR meritele
,ompoed o- mall trand o- %ylem to;ard upper ur-a,e and phloem to;ard lo;er
ur-a,eR ret o- tiue o- lea- ,ompoed o- thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ell ome
ha?ing ,luter ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR lamina ho; a dori?entral tru,tureR
meophyll di--erentiated into paliade and pongy paren,hymaR epidermi on either ide
,ompoed o- thinH;a1ledR tangentially elongated ,ellR ,o?ered e%ternally +y a thi,K
,uti,leR anio,yti, type tomata preent on +oth epidermieR paliade ingle layeredR
meophyll ,ompoed o- 'H/ layer o- looely arranged ,ell ha?ing a num+er o- ?ein
tra?ered in thi regionR a -e; ,luter ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate preent in pongy
paren,hyma!
Po;derHPo;der o- the drugR +ro;n ,olouredR under mi,ro,ope ho;R -ragment o-
,orK ,ellR ?eel and -i+re!

')(
CON59:9>*N95 H Phyllanthin!

0aa S MadhuraR 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S MVtralaR 0o,anaR DPhanPTanXR PittaTPmaKa

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Cya?anaprPTaR CitraKa HarXtaKiR MadhuyaWUyddi 9ailaR
Pippalyddi GhYtaR 5atP?arXguda

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AmlapittaR (PaR (WayaR (uWUhaR PPZ[uR PramehaR 9YWPR (WataR M
Vtraroga
DO5* H 14H24 ml o- the drug in Gui,e -orm!
'H2 o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'7*
11! 9?aK (&K!"
9$A(
9?aK i the dried inner +arK (de?oid o- ,orK and ,orte%" o- the ,oppi,ed hoot o-
tem o- Cinnamomum @eylani,um &lume! (#am! Laura,eae"R a moderate i@ed e?ergreen
tree uually attaining a height o- 2H1 !/ mR ,ulti?ated on the 8etern Ghat and adGoining
hillR +arK ,olle,ted during AprilHJuly and O,to+erHDe,em+er!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S DPruitP
Aamee S Dal,heni
&engali S Daru,hiniR Dar,hini
*nglih S Cinnamon +arK
GuGrati S Dal,hini
Hindi S Dal,hini
(annada S Dal,hini ChaKKe
(ahmiri S Dal,hiniR Dal,hin
Malayalam S (aru?apattaR :la?arngathely
Marathi S Dal,hini
Oriya S Dale,hiniR Guda t;aK
PunGa+i S Dal,hiniR Dar,hini
9amil S La?angapattaiR (aru?apattai
9elugu S La?angapattaR Dal,hini ,heKKa
>rdu S Dar,hini
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
&arK pie,e a+out 4!/ mm thi,KR +rittleR o,,ur a ingle or dou+leR ,loely
pa,Ked ,ompound LuillR upto a metre or more in length and upto a+out 1 ,m in
diameterR outer ur-a,eR dull yello;ihH+ro;nR marKed ;ith pale ;a?y longitudinal line
;ith o,,aional mall ,ar or holeR inner ur-a,e darKer in ,olourR triated ;ith
longitudinally elongated reti,ulationR -ra,tureR plinteryR -ree -rom all +ut tra,e o- ,orKR
odourR -ragrantR tateR ;eetR aromati, ;ith enation o- ;armth!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- +arK (de?oid o- ,orK and ,!orte%" ho; e%,ept at ,ertain
pla,e peri,y,li, ,leren,hymaR ' or . ro; o- iodiametri, ,ellR ometime tangentially
elongatedR inner and radial ;all o-ten +eing thi,Ker than the outerR ome ,ontaining
tar,h grainR mall group o- peri,yli, -i+re em+edded at inter?al in the ,leren,hymaR
phloem o- tangential +and o- ie?e tiue alternating ;ith paren,hymaR and ,ontaining
a%ially elongated e,reting ,ell ,ontaining ?olatile oil or mu,ilageR phloem -i+re ;ith
'7'
?ery thi,K ;allR upto '4 = in diameterR iolated or in hort tangential ro;R ie?e tu+e
narro; ;ith tran?ere ie?e plateR ,ollaped in outer peripheryR medullary ray o-
iodiametri, ,ellR motly 2 ,ell ;ideR ,orti,al paren,hyma and medullary ray
,ontaining mall tar,h grain motly +elo; 14 = in diameterR minute a,i,ular ,rytal o-
,al,ium o%alate preent!

$olatile oil Not le than 1 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!14!

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oilR tannin and mu,ilage!

$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S (apha?PtaharaR 0u,yaR $iWaghnaR (aZUhaTuddhiKara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5itopalPdi CVrZaR CaturGPta CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ArTaR HYdrogaR (YmirogaR 9YWPR MuKhaToWaR (aZUhamuKharogaR
PinaaR $atiroga

'7.
12! 9?aKapatra (L-!"
9$A(PA90A
9?aKpatra ,onit o- dried mature lea?e o- Cinnamomum tamala (&u,h! Ham!"
Nee O *+erm! (#am! Laura,eae"S a mall e?ergreen tree upto 1!/ m high and o,,ur in
tropi,alR u+H tropi,al Himalaya +et;een 644H2'44 mR o-ten raied -rom eedR o;n in
nureryR lea?e ,olle,ted in dry ;eather -rom a+out ten year old plant during O,to+erH
Mar,h!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S PatraR $arP]gaR Co,a
Aamee S 9eGpatR Mahpat
&engali S 9eGpatraR 9eGpata
*nglih S :ndian Cinnamon
GuGrati S 9amala patraR De?elee
Hindi S 9eGpatra
(annada S 9amalapatraR Dal,hini *le
(ahmiri S Dal,hini panR 9aGpatra
Malayalam S (aru?apatta patram
Marathi S 9amalpatra
Oriya S 9eGapatra
PunGa+i S 9aGpater
9amil S La?angapatri
9elugu S AKupatri
>rdu S 9e@pat
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Lea?eH12!/H24 ,m longR /H1!/ ,m ;ide at the ,entreR ' ,on?erging ner?e -rom
+ae to ape% young lea?e pinKR petiole 1!/H1' mm longR margin entireR ape% a,ute or
a,,uminateR +oth ur-a,e moothR tomata para,yti, odourR aromati,R tateR lightly
;eetR mu,ilaginou and aromati,!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
Petiole and midri+Htran?ere e,tion o- petiole and midri+ ho; epidermi e%ternally
,o?ered ;ith ,uti,leR unieriateR multi,ellular (1 to ' ,ell"R tri,home preentR oil ,ell
ingle or in groupR iolated large tone ,ellR mu,h ligni-ied ho;ing triation -ound
,atteredR mot o- the paren,hymatou ,ell o- ,orte% ;ith reddihH+ro;n ,ontentR
peri,y,le repreented +y a -e; layer o- ,leren,hymatou ,ellR tele more or le
plano,on?e% a in the midri+ o- lea-R %ylem on upper and phloem on lo;er ide
,oniting o- uual elementR preent!
'70
LaminaHtran?ere e,tion o- lamina ho; dori?entral tru,tureR repreented +y
paliade tiue on upper and pongy paren,hyma on lo;er ideR epidermi ame a in
midri+R e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith ,uti,leR +elo; upper epidermi ingle ro; o- ,loely
pa,Ked paliade layer -ollo;ed +y multilayeredR irregularR thinH;alled ,ell o- pongy
paren,hyma ;ithout inter,ellular pa,eR idio+lat ,ontaining oil glo+ule preent in
meophyll and alo in paliadeR lo;er epidermi ,o?ered e%ternally ;ith ,uti,leR lamina
inter?ened +y e?eral mall ?einletS ?a,ular +undle ,o?ered ;ith thi,KH;alled -i+re
on +oth ide!

$olatile oil Not le than 1 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!14!

CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oil (dH? phellandrene and eugenol"!

0aa S MadhuraR (aUu
Guna S LaghuR Pi,,hilaR IiKWZa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S (apha?PtaharaR 0u,yaR ArToghna

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H CitraKPdi 9ailaR (PXPdi 9ailaR $aGraKa 9aila

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ArTaR Aru,iR PXnaaR HYllPa

'7)
1'! >dum+ara (&K"
>D>M&A0A
>dum+ara ,onit o- dried +arK o- #i,u ra,emoa Linn! 5yn! #i,u glomerata
0o%+! (#am! Mora,eae"R a large de,iduou tree ditri+uted all o?er indiaR -ound throughout
the yearR gro; in e?ergreen -oretR moit lo,alitie and +anK o- tream to the ele?ation
o- 1344 mR o-ten ,ulti?ated in ?illage -or hade and it edi+le -ruit!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 5adPphala
Aamee S JangedumuruR Aagyadimru
&engali S JagnadumurR Aagnadumur
*nglih S Cluter #ig! Country -ig!
GuGrati S >m+roR >merdoR >mardoR >marado
Hindi S GularaR Gular
(annada S AttihanninamaraR Oudum+araR AthimaraR Attigida
(ahmiri S 0um+al
Malayalam S Athi
Marathi S AttiR GularR >m+er
Oriya S JaGnadim+riR Dim+iri
PunGa+i S (ath GularR Gular
9amil S Atti
9elugu S AttiR Medi
>rdu S Gular
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
&arK greyihHgreenR ur-a,e o-t and une?enR 4!/H1!3 ,m thi,KR on ru++ing ;hite
papery -laKe ,ome out -rom outer ur-a,eR inner ur-a,e light +ro;nR -ra,ture -i+rouR
tateR mu,ilaginou ;ithout any ,hara,teriti, odour!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- +arK ho; ,orKR 'H2 layer o- thinH;alled ,ell -illed ;ith
+ro;nih ,ontentR ,orK ,am+ium ingle layeredR e,ondary ,orte% 2H12 layeredR
,ompoed o- thinH;alled re,tangular ,ell arranged regularlyR a num+er o- e,ondary
,orte% ,ell ,ontain tar,h grain and ome ,ontain rhom+oidal ,rytal o- ,al,ium
o%alateR mot o- the ,ell -illed ;ith ,hloroplat gi?ing green appearan,eR ,orte% a -airly
;ide @one ,ompoed o- ,ir,ular to o+longR thinH;alled ,ellR ,ontaining orangeH+ro;n
,ontentR mot o- the ,ell -illed ;ith imple and ,ompound tar,h grainR a num+er o-
,ell alo ,ontain ,u+i,al and rhom+oidal ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR ome ,orti,al ,ell
get ligni-ied ;ith pitted ;all -ound ,attered ingly or in large group throughout
'77
,orti,al regionR e,ondary phloem a ?ery ;ide @one ,ompoed o- paren,hyma ;ith
pat,he o- ie?e tu+eR ,ompanion ,ell +y medullary rayR phloem paren,hyma ,ir,ular
to o?al and thinH;alledR phloem -i+re mu,h elongatedR ligni-iedR ?ery hea?ily thi,Kened
and poe a ?ery narro; lumenS medullary ray uni to pentaeriate ;iden to;ard
peripheral region R a num+er o- ray ,ell alo get ligni-ied and ho; pitted ;all a
de,ri+ed a+o?eR lati,i-erou ,ell alo -ound in phloem region imilar to paren,hyma
+ut -illed ;ith mall granular maeR tar,h grain and rhom+oidal ,rytal o- ,al,ium
o%alate alo -ound in mot o- phloem paren,hyma and ray ,ellR ,am+iumR ;hen preentR
2H' layeredR o- tangentially elongated thinH;alled ,ell!



0aa S (aWPya
Guna S GuruR 0VKWa
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S (aphapittaTPmaKaR MedoharaR MVtraa]grahaZXyaR $raZaTodhaKaR
$raZaropaKaR 0aKtatam+hana!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H NyagrodhPdi (?Ptha CVrZaR MVtraa]grahaZXya
(aWPya CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H DPhaR MedorogaR 0aKtapittaR AonidoWa

'7,
1.! >paKun,hiKa (&K!"
>PA(>DC:(
>paKua,iKP ,onit o- eed o- Nigella ati?a Linn! (#am! 0anun,ula,eae"R a mall
her+R ./ H24 ,m highR motly ,ulti?ated in PunGa+R Hima,hal PradehR &ihar and Aam!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S 5thVlaGXraKaR >paKua,XR 5uWa?X
Aamee S HH
&engali S Mota (alaGiraR (alaGira
*nglih S 5mall #ennelR Nigella 5eed
GuGrati S (alonGi GeeruR (alounGi
Hindi S (alaunGiR Mangaraila
(annada S (ariGirige
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S (arinGiraKam
Marathi S (alaunGi GireR (aleGire
Oriya S HH
PunGa+i S (al?anGi
9amil S (arunGeeraKamR (arunGiragam
9elugu S PeddaGila Karra
>rdu S (alongi
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5eedR -lattenedR o+longR angularR ruguloe tu+er,ularR mallR -unnel hapedR 4!2
,m! long and 4!1 ,m! ;ideR +la,KR odourR lightly aromati,R tateR +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- eed ho; ingle layer o- epidermi ,oniting o-
ellipti,alR thi,KH;alled ,ell ,o?ered e%ternally +y a papilloe ,uti,leR -illed ;ith
reddihH+ro;n ,ontentR epidermi -ollo;ed +y 2H. layer o- thi,KH;alledR tangentially
elongatedR paren,hymatou ,ellR -ollo;ed +y a pigmented layer ,ompoed o-
tangentially elongatedR ,ylindri,al thi,KH;alled ,ell -illed ;ith reddihH+ro;n pigmentR
+elo; pigmented layerR paren,hyma ,ompoed o- thi,KH;alled re,tangularR radially
elongated ,ellR preent in a layerR endoperm ,onit o- moderately thi,KH;alledR
re,tangular to polygonal ,ellR a -e; -illed ;ith oil glo+uleR em+ryo em+edded in
endoperm!
Po;derH&la,KR oily to tou,hR under mi,ro,ope ho;R group o- paren,hymaR endoperm
,ell and oil glo+ule!
'78


CON59:9>*N95 H *ential oilR -i%ed oilR reinR aponin and tannin!

0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S CaKWuWyaR DXpanaR HYdyaR (YmighnaR MedhyaR PP,anaR PittalaR
0u,yaR 5a]grPhXR $PtaKaphPpahaR Gar+hPTaya?iTodhana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H NPrPyaZa CVrZaR (PZKPyana GuUiKP

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AtiPraR dhmPnaR GulmaR (Ymiroga

'7-
1/! $aruna (5t!&K!"
$A0>BA
$aruZa ,onit o- dried tem +arK o- Cratae?a nur?ala &u,hHHam (#am!
Capparida,eae"R a mall ;ild or ,ulti?ated tree -ound throughout the year in :ndiaR o-ten
-ound along treamR alo in dryR deep +oulder -ormation in 5u+HHimalayan tra,t!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S $araZa
Aamee S HH
&engali S $aruna
*nglih S 9hree lea?ed ,aper
GuGrati S $ay?arnoR $arano
Hindi S &arunaR &arna
(annada S &ipatriR Mattama?uR Neer?alamara
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S Neermatalam
Marathi S $aya?arnaR Hara?arnaR $aron
Oriya S &aryno
PunGa+i S &arnaR &arnahi
9amil S Maralingam
9elugu S &il?arani
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
9hi,Kne or +arK ?arieR uually 1H1!/ ,m a,,ording to the age and portion o- the
plant -rom ;here the +arK i remo?edR outer ur-a,eR greyih to greyihH+ro;n ;ith ahH
grey pat,heR at pla,eR ur-a,e rough due to a num+er o- lenti,elR hallo; -iure and a
-e; ?erti,al or longitudinal ridgeR inner mot ur-a,e mooth and ,ream ;hite in ,olourR
-ra,ture tough and hortR odourR inditin,tR tateR lightly +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- mature tem +arK ho;R an outer ,orK ,ompoed o- thinH
;alledR re,tangular and tangentially elongated ,ellR phellogen ingle layeredR thinH
;alledR tangentially elongated ,ell -ollo;ed +y a ;ide e,ondary ,orte%R ,oniting o-
thinH;alledR polygonal to tangentially elongated ,ell ;ith a num+er o- tar,h grainR
tar,h grain motly impleR o,,aionally ,ompound ;ith 2H' ,omponent alo preent^R
large num+er o- tone ,ell in group o- t;o or moreR -ound ,attered in e,ondary
,orte%R ingle tone ,ell not ?ery ,ommonR tone ,ell ?ary in i@e and hapeR +eing
,ir,ular to re,tangular or elongated ;ith pit and triation on their ;allR tone ,ell
'7(
ditri+uted ome;hat in ,on,entri, +and in phloem region e%,ept in inner region o-
phloem ;hi,h i de?oid o- tone ,ellR e,ondary phloem ,omparati?ely a ;ide @oneR
,oniting o- ie?e tu+eR ,ompanion ,ellR paren,hyma and group o- tone ,ellR
alternating ;ith medullary rayR ie?e element -ound ,ompreed -orming ,eraten,hyma
in outer phloem regionR ;herea in inner region o- phloemR inta,tR medullary ray motly
multieriate ,ompoed o- thinH;alledR radially elongated ,ellR tangentially elongated
to;ard outer peripheryR a num+er o- tar,h grain imilar to e,ondary ,orte% alo
preent in phloem and ray ,ellR -e; rhom+oidal ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alate alo -ound
in thi regionR inner mot layer i ,am+ium!


CON59:9>*N95 H 5aponin and tannin!

0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S LaghuR 0VKWa
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S &hedXR DXpanaR $PtaTleWmahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H $aruZPdi (?Ptha CVrZa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ATmarXR GulmaR MVtraKY,,hraR $idradhi

',*
12! $aa (L-!"
$5
$PP ,onit o- -rehR driedR mature lea?e o- Adhatoda ?ai,a Nee (#am!
A,antha,eae"R a u+Hher+a,eou +uhR -ound throughout the year in plain and u+H
Himalayan tra,t in :ndiaR a,ending upto 1244mR -lo;er during #e+ruaryHMar,h and alo
at the end o- rainy eaonR lea?e tripped o-- -rom older tem and dried in drying hed!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S $YWaR tarVWaR $PaKa
Aamee S 9ita+ahaKR &ahaKR $a,haKa
&engali S &aKaR $aaKa
*nglih S $aaKa
GuGrati S AduoR ArduiR Adulo
Hindi S AduR Arua
(annada S AdaleR AduogeR AtaruhaR AdoleR Adaale
(ahmiri S $aa
Malayalam S AttalataKa mR AtalotaKam
Marathi S $aaR Adula
Oriya S &aanga
PunGa+i S &heKarR $anaR Arua
9amil S $aam+uR Adathodai
9elugu S Addaaramu
>rdu S AduaR &aa
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Lea?eR 14H'4 ,m long and 'H14 ,m +roadR lan,eolate to o?ateHlan,eolateR
lightly a,uminateR +ae taperingR petiolateR petiole 2H3 ,m longR e%tipuliteR
gla+re,entR 3H14 pair o- lateral ?ein +earing -e; hairR dried lea?e dull +ro;n a+o?eR
light greyih +ro;n +elo;R odourR ,hara,teriti,R tateR +itter!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- lea- ho;R dori?entral ur-a,e ;ith 2 layer o- paliade
,ellR in ur-a,e ?ie;R epidermal ,ell inuou ;ith anomo,yti, tomata on +oth ur-a,eR
more numerou on the lo;erR ,lothing tri,home -e;R 1H'R rarely upto / ,elledR thinH
;alledR unieriateR upto /44 = and glandular tri,home ;ith ni,ellular talK and . ,elled
head meauringR 2/H'2 = in diameter in ur-a,e ?ie;R ,ytolith in meophyll layerR
elongated and ,igar hapedR a,i,ular and primati, -orm o- ,al,ium o%alate ,rytal
preent in meophyll R paliade ratioR /H2R /H3!/R tomatal inde%R 14!3H1.!2H13!1 -or lo;er
ur-a,e!
','


CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid and eential oil!

0aa S 9iKtaR (aWPya
Guna S Laghu
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S HYdya!R (aphapittaharaR 0aKtaa]grPhiKaR (Paghna

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H $PaKPa?aR $PP?aleha

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7?PaR (PmalPR (PaR (WayaR (uWUhaR PramehaR 0aKtapitta
DO5* H 14H24 ml o- the Gui,e o- -reh lea?e!
14H24 g o- the dried drug -or de,o,tion!

',.
11! $idanga (#rt!"
$:CADGA
$i[aaga ,onit o- dried mature -ruit o- *m+elia ri+e &urm! -! (#am!
Myrina,eae"R large ,andent hru+ ;ith long lenderR -le%i+le +ran,heR ditri+uted
throughout hilly part o- :ndia upto 1244 mR
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S JantughnaR (YmighnaR $ellaR (YmiharaR (Ymiripu
Aamee S $idang
&engali S $idang
*nglih S HH
GuGrati S $a?dingR $a?adingR $aya?adang
Hindi S $aya?idangaR &ha+hirangaR &a+erang
(annada S $ayu?ilangaR $ayu?idanga
(ahmiri S &a+ading
Malayalam S $i@halariR $i@alari
Marathi S $a?adingR $a?ding
Oriya S &idangaR $idanga
PunGa+i S &a+rungR $a?aring
9amil S $ayu?ilangamR $ayu?idangam
9elugu S $ayu?idangalu
>rdu S &ao+arangR &a+rang
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruit +ro;nihH+la,KR glo+ular 2H. mm in diameterR ;arty ur-a,e ;ith a +eaK
liKe proGe,tion at ape%R o-ten hortR thin pedi,el and peritant ,aly% ;ith uual1y ' or /
epal preentR peri,arp +rittle en,loing a ingle eed ,o?ered +y a thin mem+raneR
entire eedR reddih and ,o?ered ;ith yello;ih pot (,hitra tandula"R odour lightly
aromati,R tateR atringent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- -ruit ho; epi,arp ,oniting o- ingle ro; o- ta+ular ,ell
o- epidermiR uually o+literatedR in ur-a,e ?ie; ,ell rounded ;ith ;rinKled ,uti,leR
meo,arp ,onit o- a num+er o- layer o- reddihH+ro;n ,oloured ,ell and numerou
-i+ro?a,ular +undle and rarely a -e; primati, ,rytal o- ,al,ium o%alateR inner part
o- meo,arp and endodenni ,ompoed o- tone ,ellR endodermi ,oniting o- ingle
layeredR thi,KH;alledR largeR paliadeHliKe tone ,ellR eed ,oat ,ompoed o- 2H' layered
',0
reddihH+ro;n ,oloured ,ellR endoperm ,ell irregular in hapeR thi,KH;alledR
,ontaining -i%ed oil and proteinou maeR em+ryo mall ;hen preent other;ie mot
o- the eed terile!
Po;derH0eddihR under mi,ro,ope ho; reddih paren,hyma and tone ,ell!
:denti-i,ation SH
(:" 5haKe 1 g o- the po;dered eed ;ith 24ml o- 5ol?ent *ther -or -i?e minute and
-ilter! 9o a portion o- the -iltrate add / per ,ent ?l? olution o- 5odium Hydro%ideR a
deep ?iolet ,olour i de?eloped in the aLueou layer! 9o the other portion add 2 drop o-
Dilute Ammonia olutionR a +luih ?iolet pre,ipitate i o+tained!
(::" &oil / g o- the po;dered eed S;ith 2/ ml al,ohol and -ilter! Di?ide the deep red
,oloured -iltrate into t;o portion! 9o one portionR add olution o- lead A,etateR a dirty
green pre,ipitate i produ,ed! 9o the other portion add olution o- -erri, ,hloride a
reddihH+ro;n pre,ipitate i produ,ed!


A55AA
Contain not le than 2 per ,ent ;\; o- em+elin (limit 1!3/ to 2!1/" ;hen
aayed a -ollo;SH
8eigh a,,urately a+out 14 g o- po;der (.4 meh" and tran-er to a /44 ml gla
toppered -laK 5haKe o,,aionally -or thirty minute ;ith 1/4 ml o- 5ol?ent *ther! Pa,K
the ;hole ma in a per,olatorR allo; to ma,erate -or thirty minute and e%tra,t ;ith
5ol?ent *ther till the ethereal olution ,eae to gi?e a pinK ,olour ;ith a drop o- Dilute
Ammonia 5olution! Ditil o-- the *therR treat the reidue ;ith mall Luantity o- light
Petroleum (+!p! .4> C to 24> C" ,ool in i,eR -ilter through a &u,hner -unnel under
u,tion and reGe,t the -iltrate! 8ah the reidue ;ith -urther mall Luantitie o- ,ooled
*ther (+! p! .4> C to 24> C"! 9ran-er the reidue to a tared +eaKer ;ith u--i,ient
Luantity o- 5ol?ent *therR remo?e the Light Petroleum and dry the reidue o- em+elin to
,ontant ;eight at 34>! 9he melting range o- the reidue i 1.2> C to 1..> C !
',)

CON59:9>*N95 H &en@oLuinoneR alKaloid (Chritem+ine"R tannin and eential oil
0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S AnulomanaR DXpanaR (YminPTanaR $PtaKaphPpaha

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H $i[a]gPriWUaR $i[a]ga LauhaR $i[a]gPdi Lauha

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR (YmirogaR >dararogaR dhmXna

',7
13! $iGayaa (L-!"
$:JAA
$iGayP ,onit o- dried lea?e o- ,ulti?ated or ;ild plant o- Canna+i ati?a Linn!
(#am! Canna+ina,eae" R an annualR ere,tR dioe,iou her+R one to t;o m highR -ound almot
throughout the yearR pra,ti,ally naturalied in the 5u+HHimalayan tra,t in :ndia and
a+undantly -ound in ;ate land -rom PunGa+ eat;ard to &engal and e%tending
5outh;ard!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S &ha]gaR MPdanX
Aamee S &hanR &hang
&engali S &hangR 5idhi
*nglih S :ndian HempR
GuGrati S &hang
Hindi S &haangR &hanga
(annada S &hangigidaR GanGagida
(ahmiri S PangR &angi
Malayalam S (an,ha?u
Marathi S &hangR GanGa
Oriya S &hangaR GanGei
PunGa+i S &hang
9amil S GanGa
9elugu S GanGayi
>rdu S cinaa+R &hang
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
Lea?e palmately ,ompoundR lea-let linearR lan,eolate ;ith errate marginR
/H24 ,m longR pointedR narro; at +aeR upper ur-a,e darK green and roughR lo;er paleR
do;nyR lea?e o- -emale plant longer than the maleR odourR trong and ,hara,teriti,R
tateR lightly a,rid!

+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- lea?e and +ra,tR ho; dori?entral ur-a,eR upper
epidermi ;ith uni,ellularR pointedR ,ur?edR ,oni,al tri,home ;ith enlarged +ae
,ontaining ,ytolith o- ,al,ium ,ar+onateR meophyll ,ontain ,luter ,rytal o-
,al,ium o%alate in many ,ell ,oniting o- uually one layer o- paliade ,ell and pongy
tiueR tri,home on lo;er epidermi ,oni,alR longerR '.4H/44= +ut ;ithout ,ytolithR
numerou glandular tri,homeR eile or ;ith a multi,ellular talK and a head o- a+out
eight radiatingR ,lu+Hhaped ,ell e,reting oleoHreinR preent in the lo;er epidermi
',,
epe,ially on midHri+R +ra,teole ;ith undi--erentiated meophyll and on lo;er ur-a,e
+ear numerou glandular tri,home!


CON59:9>*N95 H 0ein (Canna+inolR parti,ularly tetrahydro,anna+inol"!

0aa S 9iKta
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S DXpanaR GrPhXR (aphaharaR NidrPGananaR PP,anaR $PGXKaraR
$PK?rdhanaR $ya?PyX

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H JPtXphalPdi CVrZaR MadanPnanda ModaKa

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AgnimPndyaR AnidrPR AtiPraR (lai+yaR GrahaZXroga
DO5* H 12/H2/4 mg o- the drug in po;der -orm!
NoteSH5odhana o- thi drug to +e done +e-ore ue a de,ri+ed in the appendi%

',8
16! Aahti (5tmO 09!"
AA<I)
AaWUX ,onit o- driedR unpeeledR tolon and root o- Gly,yrrhi@a gla+ra LinnR
(#am! Leguminoae" R a tall perennial her+R upto 2 m high -ound ,ulti?ated in *urope!
PeriaR A-ghanitan and to little e%tent in ome part o- :ndia!
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S AaWUXmadhVKaR AaWUXKPR MadhVKaR MadhuyaWUXR AaWUyPh?P
Aamee S JethimadhuR Aehtmadhu
&engali S Aahtimadhu
*nglih S LiLuori,e root
GuGrati S JethimadhaR JethimardR Jethimadh
Hindi S MulethiR MulathiR MuletiR JethimadhuR Jethimadh
(annada S JetamaduR MadhuKaR JyehtamadhuR Atimadhura
(ahmiri S Multhi
Malayalam S :rattimadhuram
Marathi S Jethamadh
Oriya S JatimadhuR Jatimadhu
PunGa+i S JethimadhR Mulathi
9amil S Athimadhuram
9elugu S Atimadhuramu
>rdu S MulethiR AlHuHu
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
5tolon ,onit o- yello;ih +ro;n or darK +ro;n outer layerR e%ternally
longitudinally ;rinKledR ;ith o,,aional mall +ud and en,ir,ling ,ale lea?eR
moothed tran?erelyR ,ut ur-a,e ho; a ,am+ium ring a+out oneHthird o- radiu -rom
outer ur-a,e and a mall ,entral pithR root imilar ;ithout a pithR -ra,tureR ,oarely
-i+rou in +arK and plintery in ;oodR odourR -aint and ,hara,teriti,R tateR ;eetih!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
5tolonH tran?ere e,tion o- tolon ho; ,orK o- 14H24 or more layer o- ta+ular
,ellR outer layer ;ith reddihH+ro;n amorphou ,ontentR inner ' or . ro; ha?ing
thi,KerR ,olourle ;allR e,ondary ,orte% uually o- 1H' layer o- radially arranged
paren,hymatou ,ell ,ontaining iolated prim o- ,al,ium o%alateR e,ondary phloem a
+road +andR ,ell o- inner part ,elluloi, and outer ligni-iedR radially arranged group o-
a+out 14H/4 -i+reR urrounded +y a heath o- paren,hyma ,ellR ea,h uually ,ontaining
a prim o- ,al,ium o%alate a+out 14H'/ = longR ,am+ium -orm tiue o- ' or more layer
o- ,ellR e,ondary %ylem ditin,tly radiate ;ith medullary rayR 'H/ ,ell ;ideR ?eel
',-
a+out 34H244 = in diameter ;ith thi,KR yello;R pittedR reti,ulately thi,Kend ;allR
group o- ligni-ied -i+re ;ith ,rytal heath imilar to thoe o- phloemR %ylem
paren,hyma o- t;o KindR thoe +et;een the ?eel ha?ing thi,K pitted ;all ;ithout
interH,ellular pa,eR the remaining ;ith thin ;allR pith o- paren,hymatou ,ell in
longitudinal ro;R ;ith interH,ellular pa,e!
0ootHtran?ere e,tion o- root ho; tru,ture ,loely reem+ling that o- tolon e%,ept
that no medulla i preentR %ylem tetrar,h R uually -our prin,ipal medullary ray at right
angle to ea,h otherR in peeled drug ,orK ho; phelloderm and ometime ;ithout
e,ondary phloem all paren,hyrnatou tiue ,ontaining a+undantR impleR o?al or
rounded tar,h grainR 2H24 = in length!


CON59:9>*N95 H Gly,yrrhi@inR gly,yrrhi@i, a,idR gly,yrrhetini, a,idR aparagineR
ugarR rein and tar,h

0aa S Madhura
$irya S 7Xta
$ipaKa S Madhura
(arma S &alyaR CaKWuWyaR $YWyaR $arZyaR $PtapittaGitR 0aKtapraPdana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H *lPdi GuiKPR AaWUimadhuKa 9ailaR MadhuyaWUyPdi
9aila

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H (PaR (WayaR 5?ara+hedaR $PtaraKtaR $raZa
DO5* H 2H. g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

',(
34! Aaani (#rt!"
AA$N)
Aa?PnX,onit o- dried -ruit o- 9ra,hypermum ammi (Linn!" 5prague e% 9urril
5yn! Carum ,opti,um &enth O HooK! -! Pty,hoti aG;an DC! (#am! >m+elli-erae"R an
annualR ere,t her+R upto 64 ,m tallR ,ulti?ated almot throughout :ndiaR uprooted and
thrahed -or ,olle,ting the -ruit
5ANONAM5

5anKrit S DXpyaKaR AamPniR AamPniKPR Aa?PniKP
Aamee S Jain
&engali S AamaniR Aau?anR Aa?anR Ja?anR Aa?aniR Aoyana
*nglih S &ihop^ ;eed
GuGrati S AGmaR AGmoR Aa?anR Ja?ain
Hindi S AG;ainR Je?ain
(annada S OmaR AomR Omu
(ahmiri S (ath
Malayalam S OmamR AyanodaKan
Marathi S On?a
Oriya S Juani
PunGa+i S Lodhar
9amil S Omam
9elugu S $amu
>rdu S HH
D*5C0:P9:ON
a" Ma,ro,opi,
#ruitR ,onit o- t;o meri,aprR greyih +ro;nR o?oidR ,ompreedR a+out 2 mm long
and 1 mm ;ide ;ith pale ,oloured protu+eran,eR / ridge and 2 ?ittae in ea,h meri,arpR
uually eparateR / primary ridge pale in ,olourR odourR ,hara,teriti,R thymoli,R tateR
pungent!
+" Mi,ro,opi,
9ran?ere e,tion o- -ruit ho; t;o he%agonal tru,ture atta,hed ;ith ea,h
other +y a ,arpophoreR epi,ap ,onit o- a ingle layer o- tangenitially elongated ta+ular
,ellR e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith ,uti,le at ome pla,e ha?ing thi,KH;alledR uni,ellular
tri,home a protu+eran,e ;ith errate ;allR meo,arp ,onit o- moderately thi,KH
;alledR re,tangular to polygonal tangentially elongated ,ell ha?ing ome ?a,ular
+undle and ?ittaeR ,arpophore preent a group o- thi,KH;alled radially elongated ,ellR
'8*
integumentR +arrel haped o- tangentially elongated ,ellR endoperm ,onit o- thinH
;alled ,ell -illed ;ith oil glo+uleR em+ryoR mall and ,ir,ularR ,ompoed o- polygonal
thin ;alled ,ell!
Po;derHOilyR greyihH+ro;nR under mi,ro,opeR preen,e o- Oil glo+ule and group o-
endoperm ,ellR ,hara,teried!

#oreign matter Not more than / per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2!
$olatile Oil Not le than 2!/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!14!


0aa S (aUuR 9iKta
$irya S >WZa
$ipaKa S (aUu
(arma S 7VlaharaR AnulomanaR DXpanaR (YmighnaR PP,anaR 0u,ya

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Aa?PnX <P[a?a

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR dhmPnaR nPhaR GulmaR (YmirogaR >dararoga
DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;er -orm!

'8'

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