2-18 I E S LIGHTING HANDBOOK

SINUS
VENOSUS
OI40
^ 100
O 80
z
RELAXED FOR I ACCOMMODATED
DISTANT VISiON FOR NEAR VISION
PRESBYOPES
NON-PRESBYOPES
A.L. AGE 63^
J.B. AGE 42>
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^^E.L.AGE27
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M.F. AGE 27
3.S. AGE 53
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1
1 1 I
1 I 1
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
AGE IN YEARS
5 10 50 100
ILLUMINATION IN
I 5 10
FOOTCANDLES
FIG. 2-16A. To adjust the curvature of the lens for focusing on near objects, the
ciliary muscles are tensed, causing the lens to bulge. As the lens capsule stiffens
with age the amplitude of this accommodation decreases as indicated by Duane's
curves of norms of accommodation. B. Improvement in accommodation and acuity
with illumination is greater for presbyopes than for emmetropes or myopes.
Glare
\
I
Everyone has experienced visual sensations caused by
brightness re-
lationships in the field of view. If the conditions interfere with vision, a
layman may describe the phenomenon objectively as veiling or perhaps as
blinding glare. If the sensation is strong and unpleasant, he may use the
subjective terms uncomfortable, annoying, or intolerable.
/
Because visual efficiency and comfort are the prime objectives of all
utilitarian and of many decorative lighting designs, glare which interferes
with seeing or causes discomfort is a serious defect. Glare is avoided or
eliminated whenever possible. Although much has been said which might