MAT150 Chapter 4 Summary Page 1

MAT150 Introductory Statistics

Instructor: Larry Musoino! "mai: musoino#northampton$edu
Chapter 4 Summary
Concept %hen to use Procedure
Scatter
&iagram
Page 1'(
You want to create a
graph which plots
the (x, y) datavalues.
The scatter diagram
allows you to
determine if there is
a linear relationship
between x and y.
1. Set up a graph consisting of x and y axes.
. Scan the x and y data values to determine an appropriate scale for each
axis.
!. "lot the independent (explanatory) variable on the hori#ontal x$axis.
%. "lot the dependent (response) variable on the vertical y$axis.
&. 'or each (x, y) pair, plot a point at the corresponding (x, y) location on the
graph.
(. )etermine if the resulting (x, y) points generally align along a straight line,
that is, would a straight line form a reasonably good fit to the datapoints.
Sampe
correation
coe))icient!
r
Page 1'*
You want to
determine a
numerical
measurement which
assesses the strength
of the relationship
between x and y.
1. The sample correlation coefficient, r, always falls in the range from $1 to *1,
inclusive.
. +f r , *1, there is perfect positive linear correlation.
!. +f r , -, there is no linear correlation.
%. +f r , $1, there is perfect negative linear correlation.
&. The closer that r is to *1 or $1, the better the linear fit to the data.
(. .alues of r close to - indicate a poor linear fit to the data.
/omputation 'ormula for r (note this can be determined using your
calculator)0
+est ,it
Line
-Least
S.uares
Line/
Page 151
You want to create a
best fit line to a set
of (x, y) data where
a linear model is a
good fit to the data.
The linear model will be of the form0 y = slope(x) + yintercept
+n the notation below, 1b2 is the slope and 1a2 is the y$intercept but your
calculator may use a different notation so beware 33
MAT150 Chapter 4 Summary Page (
Ma0ing
Predictions
using the
1est )it ine
Page 15*
You want to ma4e a
prediction for the
dependent
(response) variable
based on a given x$
value.
1. /onstruct the best fit line0 y = slope(x) + yintercept
2. 'or a given x$value, substitute this x$value in the e5uation from step
1.
3. /alculate a value for y based on this e5uation.
6ote0 You should only use x$values for predictions based on the range
of observed x$values. 'or example if the observed x$values ranged
from & to &, then you should generate predictions only for x$values in
this range between & and &.