VD for water at 60F (V in fps, D in inches)

2
4
6
8 10
20
40
60
100
200
400
600
1000
2000
4000 6000
10000
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6 0.8 1
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|______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1

2
|

Laminar
flow

10

4
|

6
|

8
|

10
|

20
|

40
|

60
|

100
|

VD for atmospheric air at 60F

200
|

600
|

1000
|

2000
|

4000
|

6000
|

10000
|

20000
|

40000 60000
|
|

100000
|

__

Transition zone

Critical
zone

400
|

Complete turbulence, rough pipes, R > 3500/r, 1/f = 1.14 2 log r

0.07

0.06
0.05
0.045
0.04
0.035

0.03

5.5

0.025

0.0125

DarcyWeisbach friction factor f

( in ft, D in ft)
D

4.5

0.01
0.008

3.5

0.006
3
0.004
0.003

2.5

2
1.8
1.6
1.4

1.2

10

9
8

Material

(ft)

Riveted steel
Concrete
Wood stave
Cast iron
Galvanized iron
Asphalted cast iron
Commercial steel
Drawn tubing

0.0030.03
0.0010.01
0.00060.003
0.00085
0.0005
0.0004
0.00015
0.000005

Fluid at 60F

(ft2/s)

Water
Air (14.70 psia)

1.217e005
0.0001583

Latitude (WGS84)

2
g (ft/s )

0.0
45.5
90.0

32.0877
32.1740
32.2578

Sea level
Standard
Sea level

0.002
0.0015
0.001
0.0008
0.0006

Smooth
pipes, r __= 0
__
1/f = 2 log(R f ) 0.8

0.0004

HagenPoisseuille equation
R 2300, f = 64/R

0.0002

Relative roughness r

0.02
0.0175
0.015

LV

2hDg

0.0001

Colebrook
equation, R 2300 __
__
1/f = 2 log(r /3.7 + 2.51/(R f ))

r = 5e006

5e005

Continuity equation, Q = AV

A = D 2/4, V = 4Q /( D 2)

2e005

r = 1e006

1e005
6 7 8

10

Moody Diagram

5 6 7 8

10

5 6 7 8

10

Reynolds number R

5 6 7 8

10

VD
(V in fps, D in ft, in ft 2/s)

5 6 7 8

10

5 6 7 8

10

Metzger & Willard, Inc.

http://www.metzgerwillard.com