Lecture 9 Thursday 1/31/08

Membrane Reactors: Used for Thermodynamically

Limited Reactions

Balances in Terms of Molar Flow Rates

Block 1: Mole Balances
Balance Equation on Every Species
Block 2: Rate Laws
Relative Rates
Transport Laws
Block 3: Stoichiometry
Block 4: Combine

Multiple Reactions: Selectivety and Yield


Membrane Reactors
Dehydrogenation Reaction:
C
3
H
8
H
2
+ C
3
H
6
A B + C
Thermodynamically Limited:



W =
b
V

b
= (1-)
C
1) Mole Balance: A: In out + generation = 0


R
B
= A:

B: In out out membrane + generation = 0


B:


reactor of volume
sides through B of moles
0
0 0
= A
A +
V r F F
A
V V
A
V
A
A
A
r
dV
dF
=

X
C
X
C
T T
endothermic exothermic
A,B,C
sweep
F
A0

B
B
A,C stay behind since they are
too big
H
2
H
2

C
BS

0 = A + A
A +
V r V R F F
B B
V V
B
V
B
) (
B B
B
R r
dV
dF
=

) (
`
BS B C B
C C k W =
D
L
DL
a
D
4
lume reactor vo
area surface membrane
4
2
= = =
t
t
| |
BS B C B B
C C a k a W R = =
`
| |
BS B C B
C C k R =
Neglected most of the time
Parameters: C
TO
= 0.2, F
A0
= 5, k = 4, K
C
= 0.0004, k
C
= 8
1)
2)
3)
4)
Relative rates:
5)

6)
7) (isothermal, isobaric)
8)
9)
10)

A
A
r
dV
dF
=

B B
B
R r
dV
dF
=
C
C
r
dV
dF
=
(

=
C
C B
A A
K
C C
C k r
1 1 1
C B A
r r r
= =

T
A
T A
F
F
C C
0
=
T
B
T B
F
F
C C
0
=
T
C
T C
F
F
C C
0
=
C B A T
F F F F + + =
C A B A
r r r r = = ,
B C B
C k R =
Multiple Reactions
) (Undesired
(Desired)
2
2
B A U U
k
B A D D
k
C C k r U B A
C C k r D B A
U
D
= +
= +
Selectivity Yield
Instantaneous S
D/U
= r
D
/r
U
y
D
= r
D
/-r
A

Overall
D/U
= F
D
/F
U

D
= F
D
/(F
A0
-F
A)


B U
A D
B A u
B A D
U
D
U D
C k
C k
C C k
C C k
r
r
S = = =
2
2
/