Rice is the important cereal of the world.

It falls under grass family which produces starchy edible grains

It is a kind of corn.it is largely grown in India,srilanka,china, Burma ,japan and Egypt Rice is
the chief food of the people in india.
In ancient days:
The wild rice orzyarufipogon that occurred 8200-13500 years ago in china.
The paddy crop is cultivated almost in all states of the country Orissa, andra Pradesh , west Bengal
and tamil nadu are the leading rice growing states
Methods of cultivation:
Two distinct method
1. Broadcasting method:

This is the principal system of rice cultivation in India which is done in the process of dry or
semidry method. It involves following steps.

(i) Land preparation:

Under dry cultivation system the land is ploughed immediately after harvesting the
previous crop. The soil is ploughed 10-20 cms. Deep land is leveled leveling board or ladder.
This ploughing is done before the arrival of first monsoon. Ploghing is done 3-4 times at
intervals.

(ii) Sowing or Broadcasting :
After first rainfall or partial irrigation the land again ploughed before sowing. Sowing is done
under moist condition immediate after final ploughing. Then the land again leveled.
2. Transplantation Method:
This method is extensively used in the areas where rainfall is much. In this method
separate seed beds are prepared to raise seedlings and then the seedlings are transplanted on the
field. This included following steps.
i. Nursery raising of seedlings:
Land is ploughed in wet condition or dry moist condition. It wet nursery Ploghing is done
on standing water. Some countries also adopted 'Dapog' nursery or transpertable nursery. In
above cases a perfect seed bed is prepared with applying requisite manure, cow dung and
fertilizers. Seeds are sown on the surface densely. Then the seeds germinate on getting sufficient
moisture then the water logging is avoided in seedbed.

ii. Field preparation:
For transplantation method, ploughing is done on standing water in the field. The field is
puddled properly by taking all the nutrient or manuring measures. Formyard manure compost oil
cakes tank slit fish manure green twig NPK fertilizers are commonly used during field
preparation.
iii. Transplanting:
In case of kharif crop transplantation is done when seedlings attains 20-25 days of age
where as in case of rabi crop transplantation is done when seedlings are of 30-40 days.
Seedlings are pulled out with base, and made into bundles suitable sanitation is maintained. Two
or three seedlings together are planted at spacing of 20*10 cm or 20*15 cm. Closure planting
may be done if the plantation is late.

Harvesting and Threshing:
It is done by 25-30days of after flowering harveating can be done. At the time of harvest the
ears should be ripe and straw as slightly green .Then the paddy is ready for storage or grain processing.
The grain processing or milling can be directly done to obtain the rice grain or may be parboiled sun
dried and then milled.
Varities of rice:
Early sarad Ratna, Parijata
Medium sarad - -hema,jaya,sakti
Resistant variety jagannath,IR-S
Reference:
"An adventure in applied science: A history of the International Rice Research Institute"
"International Rice Research Institute on Google maps".