Abraham of India http://personalpages.tds.net/~theseeker/Abraham.

htm
Abram/Abraham/Brahma/Avram/Abu-Ramu/Ibrahim Zeradust ( !""" - #$"" B%&'. One
of the most central figures of Judaism and Islam and also revered to some extent among Christians.
Abraham is believed to have lived around 2000 BCE, and died at the age of !" #ears according to the
Bible as $ell as %uslim sources. &here are no inde'endent sources confirming this abnormall# long
lifes'an. (hile there is no form of historical or archaeological evidence for his 'ersonal existence, there is
sufficient evidence that the 'eo'les and regions $e learn about existed during this time of histor#.
Abraham is of great im'ortance to Judaism because he is the )atriarch of the Je$s, through the line of his
*legitimate+ son, Isaac, ,ather of Jacob $ho later became Israel.
Abraham is im'ortant to the %uslims because he is a 'ro'het of the same message from -od as
%ohammed and the ,ather of *Ishmael+, his elder *illegitimate+ son for $hom -od also made a 'romise.
In essence Abraham is believed to be the )atriarch of the %uslim+s through his son Ishmael. As -od
'romised, Ishmael became the father of 2 'rinces .-en 2"/20!1, as $ell as a daughter, %ahalath, $ho
later married Essau, son of Isaac .-en 22/3041. Ishmael $as the father of the I56%AE7I&E5, a nomadic
'eo'les that lived in northern Arabia. %odern0da# Arabs claim descent from Ishmael. Ishmael died at
the age of 8! .-en 2"/20!1.
(he follo)ing is our interpretation of the life of Abraham* this has not been done
arbitraril+ or )ith mali,e or the intent to de,eive. It has been done through ,riti,al and
,omparative s,holasti, anal+sis.
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As )ell as ,an be tra,ed histori,all+ )e believe the follo)ing to be the fa,ts about Abraham-
our sear,h leads us to India.
(he Bharatas
&he Mahabharata, meaning 9-reat India: $as $ritten do$n ; "<0 to 800 BC, but has a much older oral
histor#, it has been attributed to the sage =#asa. &he# record 9the legends of the Bharatas, one of the
Aryan tribal groups.:
&o understand the significance of this one must understand that Bharata $as not a nation. Bharata $as a
collection of nations. India is the modern name of the land once called b# its indigenous 'eo'les Bharata
0 not in the context of a nation or countr# but as a collection of inde'endent semi0coo'erative individual
nations >ust as Euro'e is a collection of nations.
Consider the $ord Bharata. &his $ord is formed from the 5ans?rit root *Bhara+, $hich under the s$a#
of the rule of vo$eli@ation, ma# assume the form *Ibhar+, *Iber+, *Ibhra#+, *Ibhri+, *Ibri+, *Ibrini+ etc. (ords
$hich all have been eAuated $ith the term 6ebre$.
,urther discussion of the term Hebrew/ Another meaning of the term 5avitr .the 5ans?rit form of the
term 6ebre$1 is Brahmana. Bo$ let us consider the $ord *Brahmana+. If the suffix *mana+ is removed
from this $ord, then it becomes Brah. &hrough time and usage this $ould give us the $ord, *6abra+
$hich is nearer to the $ord *6ebre$+. Also that, both these $ords, $ritten $ithout vo$el signs, $ould
give *BC6+ and *6BC+ res'ectivel#. &he similarit# is evident.
It is of interest to note another 5ans?rit $ord, *=i'ra+ .a s#non#m of *Brahmana+1 in the same connection.
&he $ord *=i'ra+ becomes *I'ar+ in colloAuial %arathi. Bo$ consider the $ord *I'ar+. &his $ord ma#
assume the forms *Iber, Ibri, Ibhra#, Ibrani+ etc, 0 other forms of the $ord 6ebre$. &his leads to the
conclusion that the 6ebre$s can be identified unhesitatingl# $ith these Indian Brahmins $ho had
migrated from India in the ver# earl# da$n of the =edic 'eriod.
A strong 'oint for a common Brahmin0Je$ish origin is the fact that both communities have been
endogamous 'riests from the earliest times of their recorded histor#. It ma# also be observed in this
res'ect that the 6ebre$s, as $ell as their Indian counter'arts, Brahmins, consider themselves as the
Chosen eople of !od. &he 6ebre$s started their career in histor# as a "ingdo# of riests
.ExodusD4D31. 7i?e$ise, the Brahmins have also been a Co##unity of riests since the da$n of their
histor#.
&he cult of Brahm .6induism1 $as carried to the %iddle and Bear East b# several different Indian grou's
About 400 BC, after a severe rainfall and earthAua?e tore Borthern India a'art, ever changing the
courses of the Indus and 5aras$athi rivers.
&he classical geogra'her 5trabo tells us >ust ho$ nearl# com'lete the abandonment of Borth$estern India
$as. .Aristobolus sa+s that )hen he )as sent upon a ,ertain mission in India- he sa) a
,ountr+ of more than a thousand ,ities- together )ith villages- that had been deserted
be,ause the Indus had abandoned its proper bed./ .5trabo+s -eogra'h#, E=.I.4.1
&he dr#ing u' of the 5aras$athi around 400 BCE, led to a ma>or relocation of the 'o'ulation centered
around and in the 5indhu and the 5aras$athi valle#s, causing a migration $est$ard from India. It is soon
after this time that the Indic element begins to a''ear all over (est Asia, Eg#'t, and eventuall#, even
-reece.
An Indian historian, Futti?hat )urushothama Chon, believes that Abraham $as driven out of India. 6e
states that the Ar#ans, unable to defeat the Asuras .&he mercantile caste that once ruled in the Indus
=alle# or 6ara''ans1 s'ent so man# #ears fighting covertl# against the Asuras, such as destro#ing their
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huge s#stem of irrigation la?es, causing destructive flooding, that Abraham and his ?indred >ust gave u'
and marched to (est Asia. &herefore, besides being driven out of Borthern India b# floods, the Ar#ans
also forced Indian merchants, artisans, and educated classes to flee to (est Asia.
Ed$ard )ococ?e $rites in India in !ree$e,
9...in no similar instance have events occurred fraught $ith conseAuences of such magnitude, as those
flo$ing from the great religious $ar $hich, for a long series of #ears, raged throughout the length and
breadth of India. &hat contest ended b# the ex'ulsion of vast bodies of menG man# of them s?illed in the
arts of earl# civili@ation, and still greater numbers, $arriors b# 'rofession. Hriven be#ond the 6imala#an
mountains in the north, and to Ce#lon, their last stronghold in the south, s$e't across the =alle# of the
Indus on the $est, this 'ersecuted 'eo'le carried $ith them the germs of the Euro'ean arts and sciences.
&he might# human tide that 'assed the barrier of the )un>ab, rolled on to$ards its destined channel in
Euro'e and in Asia, to fulfill its beneficent office in the moral fertili@ation of the $orld. &he distance of
the migrator# movement $as so vast, the disguise of names so com'lete, and -recian information so
calculated to mislead, that nothing short of a total disregard of theoretic 'rinci'les, and the resolution of
inde'endent research, gave the slightest chance of a successful elucidation.:
If all these refugees )ere e0,lusivel+ of Indian heritage- )h+ is it that 1istor+ doesn2t
mention them3
&he exodus of refugees out of ancient India did not occur all at once but over a 'eriod of one or more
thousand #ears.
Indeed the# are mentioned as Fassites, 6ittites, 5#rians, Ass#rians, 6urrians, Arameans, 6#?sos,
%ittanians, Amale?ites, Aethio's .Atha0Io'1, )hoenicians, Chaldeans, and man# others. But $e have
been $rongl# taught to regard them as ethnicities indigenous to (estern Asia.
Our histor# boo?s also call them .Indo-&uropeans-/ causing us to $onder $here the# $ere reall# from.
%an# Christian and Je$ish religious scholars .mostl# of the %uro$entri$ 'ersuasion1 don+t $ant it to be
true that ten to thirt# million 9Indians: once lived in Afghanistan, )a?istan, and as far $est as half0$a#
across modern da# Iran and the Eastern borders of modern da# 5audi Arabia. &he# claim it+s a mere
9coincidence: that so man# 'lace names and tribes there have biblical names.
5till other scholars insist that it $as the %oslems $ho christened all those tribes and 'laces.
&he truth, ho$ever, as histor# no$ reflects, is that man# of those tribes and 'laces had alread# received
their so0called 9Biblical names: centuries or even millennia before Islam $as a gleam in %ohammed+s
e#es and man# centuries before those same names started sho$ing u' in the %iddle East.
Our histor# boo?s also call them .Indo-&uropeans-/ causing us to $onder $here the# $ere reall# from.
&he 'eo'le of India came to reali@e their social identit# in terms of societal functions or caste not in terms
of races and tribes.
(he follo)ing is a small sampling of some startling e0amples:
%inoa .Ancient -ree? nation1. %eena .An Ancient Indian tribe1
&urba@u .)alestinian clan1 &urva@u .An Ancient Indian tribe1
Fo'tG -u'tas .Ancient Eg#'tian d#nast#1 -u'ta .Ancient Indian ruling
d#nast#1
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5aracens .Ancient &ur?s1 5auresena .A territor# J 'eo'le of
Ancient India1
Arabea .Arabs1 Arabi .Original inhabitants of %a?ran, no$ 'art
of )a?istan1
%ecca .Islam+s most sacred cit#.1 %a??a .Ca'ital of %a?ran1
Islam .%ohammedan religion1 Ishala#am .&em'le of -od1
Fhurus .&he tribe of %ohammed1 Furus .An Ancient Indian tribe1
Cabul .&o$n in Israel1 Fabul .Ca'ital of Afghanistan1
Jidda .5audi Arabian cit#1 Juddha, Iuddha .(arrior1
Bashan .Cegion of Jordan1 Ba@anaG =ashana .Ancient ca'ital of
-u>arat1
%anesseh .&erritor# and tribe of Israel1 %anasa .6imala#an la?e, near %ount
%eru1
7aish .Cit# of Canaan1 7aish .&o$n in Afghanistan1
Cutha .Cit# in ancient 5. %eso'otamia1 FuthG CathiaG Cutch .)art of
-u>arat1
Iemen .Arab countr#1 Iamuna .Civer of India1
Hubai .Bation of Arab Emirate1 H$ab .&erritor# of ancient Afghanistan1
5heba .Ancient Ethio'ian ?ingdom1 5ivaG 5ibi.&erritor# of ancient
Iaudhe#a'ura, India1
5#ria .6ome of the ancient Je$s1 5uri#a .%#thical Indian territor#1
5uccoth .)lace near Jordan and in Eg#'t1 5u?hothai .Ancient Indian and &hai
?ingdom1
&almud .(ritten Je$ish teachings1 &al0%udra .5acred teachings $ritten
on 'alm leaves1
Fi''ot .5?ullca' $orn b# Orthodox Je$s1 Fa'arda .6air to'0?not1
Iehudi .Je$ish )eo'le1 Iuti#aG Iah0Fhuda .Bame of an
Indian tribe1
5ince the 'roto05emitic &ribes .the Iehudi1 left the H$ar?a region, the original 5ans?rit that the# s'o?e
has undergone considerable changes of 'ronunciation and an admixture of $ords, so $hat $as 5ans?rit
",!<2 #ears ago is no$ 6ebre$.
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&he Buddhists sa# that the Abhiraans s'o?e 9Abhira: .Iet another 'ossible derivative form of Bharata1.
&he Iadavas, a seemingl# 'roto06ebraic 'eo'les still living in India, also claim to have s'o?en a language
called Abhiri or 5abari. &oda#, Israeli Je$s $hose roots sin? dee' into Israeli soil are called 95abaras.:
4udaism and 1indu 5haivism (6orship of 5hiva' 5hare the 5ame 7ames for 8od.
4udaism 5haivism
IshG IishG IsG IsaG IssaG ElG AlG etc. &he same in 5haivism .5uffixes J 'refixes for
9-od:1
IahveG JahveG &seeva .-od1 5hivaG 5haivaG 5iva .-od1
ElohimG Elo?him .-od intellectuali@ed1 7a?himi.-oddess of )ros'erit#1G
7o?hiG 7u?h.5hiva1
El 5haddai .-od of the %ountain1 5ada#G 5ada .5hiva1
6a0Fadosh .&he 6ol# One1 6a?h0e0Fheda .-od+s Hut#1
El El#on .)ossessor of 6eaven and Earth1 Il 7a#un .Absor'tion in -od1
Iesoda .Hual 5exual Bature of 7ife1 Ieshoda .5hiva+s Hual 5exual
Bature1
Referen,es to Indian tribes- ,astes- sub,astes- and pla,es listed at the left. Bibli,al and
1ebre) names listed on the right.
Indian 1ebre) Indian 1ebre)
Abri Ibri Israel Israel
Amal Amal Iaudhe#a Judea
Asaul Asahel Fahan Fahana
Asheri#a Asher Fal?ul Calcol
A@ri A@riel Fana@ Fena@
Bal Baal Faul Caul
BalaDBalah Bala Fotru Feturah
Ba?ru Bo?heru 7avi 7evi
Ba?tu Baca %agar %agor
Banni#a Baana %atri %atri
Bellu Bela Mahsa %assah
BeraG Baru Beerah %o@a %o@a
Basa#a Basseiah Behru Bahor
Beroth Beeroth O'al O'hel
Bilgai Bilgah )au )uahD)ua
Buhana Bohan )halu )hallu
CalebDFleb Caleb )ut )ut
HarDHhar Hor Ca'hu Ca'hu
Hara Hara Ceu Ceu
-abba -eba Ceual Ceuel
-addi -addi 5achu 5echu
-ani -uni 5hahmiri 5hamir
-areb -areb 5haul 5haul
5
-omer -omer 5havi 5haveh
6ah'ut 6ati'ha 5huah 5huah
IAAash I??esh
&he similarit# of these Indian and 6ebre$ names certainl# traumati@ed Euro'ean colonists. Kn$illing to
admit that the Je$s had never s'routed s'ontaneousl# in the Arabian desert, but $ere from the East as
the bible itself tells us, the# merel# erased these matters from their minds or convinced themselves that
the# $ere 9coincidences,: even though the 9coincidences: numbered in the thousands and $ere 'e''ered
over ever# region in India.
Aramaic, a language as similar to 6ebre$ as 5'anish is to )ortuguese, originated in Afghanistan and
)a?istan. Both Afghanistan and )a?istan $ere once 'art of India. Afghanistan seceded from Indian in
the !00s. )a?istan $as cut out of India $hen the t$o nations $ere 'artitioned after (orld (ar II.
Aramaic also is the source of modern 6ebre$+s sAuare al'habet, used in Israel toda#.
6ere+s an exam'le of ho$ the ancient Indians identified 'eo'le/ &he leaders $ere called Fhassis
.Fassites1, Fushi .Fushites1, Cossac?s .Cussian militar# caste1 Caesars .Coman ruling caste1, 6atti#a
.6ittites1, Cuthites .a dialectical form of 6ittite1, 6urrite .another dialectical form of 6ittite1. &he
Ass#rians .in English1, Asirios .in 5'anish1, Asuras or Ashuras .India1, Ashuri#a, Asuri#a .5umer and
Bab#lon1, Asir .Arabia1, Ahura .)ersia1.
Baturall#, in areas $here this religion 'revailed, the# $ere ?no$n as 9Ass#rians:, no matter $hat the real
names of their res'ective ?ingdoms $ere.
In his 6istor# of the Je$s, the Je$ish scholar and theologian ,lavius Jose'hus .8! 0 00 A.H.1, $rote that
the -ree? 'hiloso'her Aristotle had said/ ....(hese 4e)s are derived from the Indian
philosophers* the+ are named b+ the Indians %alani./
Clearchus of 5oli .a 'u'il of Aristotle1 $rote, .(he 4e)s des,end from the philosophers of India.
(he philosophers are ,alled in India Calanians and in 5+ria 4e)s. (he name of their ,apital
is ver+ diffi,ult to pronoun,e. It is ,alled 94erusalem.2/
%egasthenes, a -ree? historian from Ionia, $as sent b# the 6ellenistic ?ing 5eleucus I as an ambassador
to the court of Fing Chandragu'ta %aur#a in India. 6is re'ort about the culture, histor# and religion of
India $as the basis of (estern ?no$ledge about India and $hose accounts are ever# da# acAuiring
additional credit from ne$ inAuiries, sa#s that the Je$s 9)ere an Indian tribe or se,t ,alled
:alani...2/
&he %agi of )ersia in some references are said to have called their religion "esh&'&Ibrahi#. &he# also
trace their religious boo?s to Abraham, $ho $as believed to have brought them from heaven.
Arabian historians of the 'ast have also contended that Brahma and Abraham, their ancestor, are the
same 'erson. &he )ersians generall# called him Abraham (eradust. C#rus considered the religion of the
Je$s the same as his o$n Loroasterianism. .(he 1indoos must have ,ome from Abraham- or the
Israelites from Brahma.../
%r. 6#de, in his boo? )eligion of the An$ient ersians, 'oints out ho$ %agianism, as set forth in its
sacred boo?s, taught that the human race s'rang from a single 'airG that it bore testimon# to the
occurrence of the floodG that it mentions Boah and his sonsG that as far as Abraham is concerned, it
declares him to have been its o$n authorG and that it ma?es mention also of %oses. %oreover, it contains
'redictions res'ecting the a''earance on earth of a 5avior, $ho $ould ultimatel# overthro$ the ?ingdom
of dar?ness and ma?e su'reme and universal the ?ingdom of light and of -od. It also taught the existence
of good and of bad angels, also a resurrection of the dead.
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In the sacred boo? of the ancient )ersians and modern )arsees, *he (end A+esta, it is declared that the
religion taught in it $as received from AbrahamG this $as believed b# leading Arabian $riters not onl# of
)ersian %agianism but also of Indian Brahmanism.
&he claims of %agianism to have been influenced b# the revelations made to Abraham are far from being
discountenanced b# the la$s of historical 'robabilit#. ,or the $ar $aged so successfull# b# Abraham in
behalf of his ?insman, 7ot, against the five ?ings, among $hom $as the ?ing of Elam Mi.e., )ersiaN, is of
itself a sufficient 'roof that the ,ather of the ,aithful, Abraham, the 6ebre$ from Kr of the Chaldees,
must have been as $ell ?no$n to the eastern ?ingdoms as %oses $as in after times.
It is generall# admitted that in the da#s of Abraham the forefathers of the )ersians and Brahmins $ere
one 'eo'le. &hat these t$o cultures are of common descent is urged from the close relationshi' existing
bet$een 5ans?rit, the language of the Brahmins, and the Lend or )ersianG it is also said that the
remar?able identit# bet$een the Brahminical and )ersian m#thologies indicates, unerringl#, the original
union of the t$o. It ma# also be noticed that 6it@ig, in his !es$hi$hte d$s ,ol-es Israel, reasons from the
identit# of certain 'ractices observed b# Abraham and the 'atriarchs of Israel on the one hand, and b#
Brahminical 6indus on the other, that a communit# in common of some ?ind once existed bet$een these
'eo'le.
&he religion of ancient )ersia $as derived from that of the ancient Indians, or Ar#ans. &he language of
the earliest Loroastrian $ritings is close to that of the Indian =edas, and much of the m#tholog# is
recogni@abl# the same. &$o grou's of gods $ere $orshi'ed, the ahuras and the daevas.
&he -ree?s asserted that the Je$s $ere Indians $hom the 5#rians called Judea, the 5ans?rit s#non#m of
$hich is ;adava or Iaudhe#a, and the Indians called them Falanis, meaning orthodox follo$ers of the
scri'tures.

Abraham
Abraham is understood b# some as, 9A Brahma: 0 meaning a Brahmin.
6e is understood b# others as an 9ex0Brahmin:, being a 'ro'het, sect, or a tribe $hich because of their
conflict $ith orthodox Brahmins became refuges in the $est.
&his can be clearl# 'roven if one investigates the root meanings of both $ords. Abraham is said to be one
of the oldest 5emitic 'ro'hets. 6is name is su''osed to be derived from the t$o 5emitic $ords 9Ab2
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meaning .ather and 9Raam/Raham2 meaning of the e/alted. In the boo? of -enesis, Abraham sim'l#
means Multitude.
&he root of Brahma is 9Brah2 $hich means 0 to grow or #ultiply in nu#ber. In addition 7ord Brahma,
the Creator -od of 6induism is said to be the *.ather of all Men and %/alted of all the !ods, for it is from
him that all beings $ere generated. &hus again $e come to the meaning %/alted .ather. &his is another
clear indicator that Abraham is lin?ed the 6indu deit# Brahma.
&he Bame AbramDAbraham is clearl# derived from the 5ans?rit $ord Brahma.
(he fa,t that Abram2s famil+ migrated to 1aran from <r has often been taken b+ s,holars
to mean that Ur )as Abram2s birthpla,e- but that is not stated an+)here in the Bible.
=n the ,ontrar+- the ,ommand to Abram to go to %anaan and leave for good his past abodes
lists three separate pla,es: his father2s house ()hi,h )as then in 1aran'* his land (the ,it+-
state of <r'* and his birthpla,e ()hi,h the Bible does not identif+'.
(he et+mologi,al eviden,e- as illustrated above ,learl+ link the )ords Ibri, Brahmin,
Abraham and Hebrew pointing to)ard India as Abram2s true birthpla,e or at the ver+ least
the land of his fathers.
&he name of Brahma $as highl# res'ected in India, and his influence s'read throughout )ersia as far as
the lands bathed b# the rivers Eu'hrates and &igris. &he )ersians ado'ted Brahma and made him their
o$n. 7ater the# $ould sa# that the -od arrived from Bactria, a mountainous region situated mid$a# on
the road to India.
Bactria .a region of ancient Afghanistan1 $as the localit# of a 'roto05emitic nation called Juhuda or
Jaguda, also called Kr0Jaguda. Kr meant 9'lace or to$n:. &herefore, the Bible $as correct in stating that
Abraham came from 9Kr of the Chaldeans.:
9Chaldean,: more correctl# Faul0Heva .6ol# Fauls1, $as not the name of a s'ecific ethnicit# but the title
of an ancient 6indu Brahmanical 'riestl# caste $ho lived in $hat are no$ Afghanistan, )a?istan, and the
Indian state of Fashmir.
(hether Abram+s famil# $as Chaldean .from the 5umerians1 or a Faul0Heva .from Brahmanical 'riestl#
caste1. 6is culture and his 'eo'le $orshi''ed man# gods. &his $as his heritage. &he Chaldeans
inherited their antheon of !ods from 5umeria, $ho inherited them directl# from India. &he Faul0
Hevas, of course brought theirs directl# from $hat $as then India, but in either case his famil#
$orshi''ed the same 9-ods:.
=oltaire $as of the o'inion that Abraham descended from some of the numerous Brahman 'riests $ho
left India to s'read their teachings throughout the $orldG and in su''ort of his thesis he 'resented the
follo$ing elements/ the similarit# of names and the fact that the cit# of Kr, land of the 'atriarchs, $as
near the border of )ersia, the road to India, $here that Brahman had been born.
EAuating the 6indu Brahma and 5aras$athi $ith the Biblical Abraham and 5arai is easil# attainable. It
must be mentioned in this res'ect that $hile 5aras$athi is said to be the daughter of Brahma in
accordance $ith the Indian tradition, her Biblical counter'art, 5arai, has been described as the sister of
Abraham.
&here are man# stri?ing similarities bet$een the 6indu god Brahma and his daughterDconsortD$ife
5aras)athi- as com'ared $ith the Je$ish Abraham and his sisterD$ife 5arai that seem more than
mere coincidences.
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Abraham and 5arah .5arai1 can easil# refer to the Indian version of Brahma and 5aras$athi. &his
indicates that this is an abridgement of some of the versions in the Indian )uranas, $hich is an eas# >um'
to ma?e logicall# as man# Indian e'ics existed long before the Bible $as $ritten.
&he Bible sa#s that Abraham and 5arai $ent to the %iddle East to esca'e a terrible flood that had ta?en
'lace in their original homeland. &he Biblical timeframe roughl# corres'onds to the dr#ing u' of the
5aras$athi Civer, $hich triggered mass migrations of Indians $est$ard.

Joshua 2</2J8 0 0oshua said unto all the people, *hus saith the 1ord !od of Israel, 2our fathers
dwelt on the other side of the flood in old ti#e, e+en *erah, the father of Abraha#, and the
father of 3a$hor, and they ser+ed other !ods. And I too- your father Abraha# fro# the other&
side of the flood and led hi# throughout all the land of Canaan, and #ultiplied his seed.

&he )ersians also claim Ibrahim .Abraham1, for their founder, as $ell as the Je$s. &hus $e see that
according to all ancient histor# the )ersians, the Je$s, and the Arabians are descendants of Abraham.
In ancient India, the Ar#an cult $as called 9Brahm0Ar#an.: &he Ar#ans $orshi'ed multi'le gods.
Abraham turned a$a# from 'ol#theism. B# so doing, he could have become 9A0Brahm: .Bo longer a
Brahman1. &he Ar#ans called the Asuras 9Ah0Brahm:. &herefore, $e can logicall# assume that the fathers
of the Indus civili@ation $ere 'robabl# 'roto05emitics.
>el,hi?adek @5age and :ing of 4erusalem
%elchi@ede? $as a ?ing of Jerusalem $ho 'ossessed secret m#stical and magical 'o$ers. 6e $as also
Abraham+s teacher.
%eli?05ada?sina $as a great Indian 'rince, magician, and s'iritual giant 0 the son of a Fassite ?ing. In
Fashmiri and 5ans?rit, 5ada? O a person with #agi$al, supernatural powers. A certain Lado?
.5ada?P1 $as also a su'ernaturall# endo$ed 'riest $ho anointed 5olomon. (h# does the Fassite .of
ro#al caste1 %eli?05ada?sina, a m#thical Indian 'ersonage, suddenl# a''ear in Jerusalem as the friend
and mentor of AbrahamP
According to A?sho# Fumar %a@umdar in *he Hindu History, Brahm $as the s'iritual leader of the
Ar#ans. As an Ar#an .Bot of Iah1, he naturall# believed in idols. &he Bible sa#s that he even
manufactured them. K'on seeing ho$ increasing idol $orshi' and religious guess$or? $ere contributing
to the further do$nfall of his 'eo'le, Brahm bac?ed a$a# from Ar#anism and re0embraced the ancient
Indian .Iah1 'hiloso'h# .Cult of the %aterial Kniverse1 even though it, too, $as foundering in manmade
evils. 6e decided that man?ind could save himself onl# b# dealing $ith $hat $as real 0 not the imagined.
&his is 'aralleled in a stor# about Abraham in the Foran $hen he turned a$a# from his father+s business
of manufacturing idols.
5hoc?ed at the barbarism and blind selfishness of the 'eo'le, the $ise men and educated 'eo'le among
the 'roto05emitics isolated themselves from the masses. Hr. %a@umdar $rote, *he #oral fall was
rapid. *he seers and sages li+ed apart fro# the #asses. *hey seldo# #arried and were #ostly gi+en to
religious $onte#plation. *he #asses, without proper light and leader, soon be$a#e +i$ious in the
e/tre#e. )ape, adultery, theft, et$., be$a#e 4uite $o##on. Hu#an nature ran wild. Brah#a
5Abraha#6 de$ided to refor# and regenerate the people. He #ade the $hief sages and seers to #arry
and #i/ with the people. Most refused to #arry, but 78 agreed. Brahm married his half sister
5aras$athi. &hese sages became ?no$n as )ra>a'atis .'rogenitors1.
&here is no doubt that the ;adavas founded ancient Israel. &he real name of the Je$s, Iahuda, seems to
suggest this.
9
&he Je$s s'ell the name of the cit# of *Ierushala#im,+ of $hich the 5ans?rit s#non#m is Iadu Ishala#am,
$hich means the tem'le of the 7ord of the Iadus .the descendents of 7ord Frishna+s clan1.
Interestingl# enough, the Indian tribe of Ioud .Iadu1, $as either ex'elled from or left the %aturea of the
?ingdom of Oude in India and, settled in -oshen, in Eg#'t, giving it the name of the 'lace $hich the# had
left in India, %aturea.
A#odh#a or ;audhe+a $ould be the Indian eAuivalent of the $ord Judea. It is true that the
Jerusalemites $ere ?no$n as Iehudi#a or Judeans .(arriors of Iah1, a fact ma?ing the 6ebre$s Indian
origins incontrovertible.
Jerusalem $as a 6ittite .Indian hereditar# leadershi' caste1 cit# at the time of Abraham+s death. In
-enesis 28/<, Abraham as?ed the Jerusalem 6ittites to sell him a burial 'lot. &he 6ittites ans$ered,
....thou art a prin,e among us: in the ,hoi,e of our sepul,hres bur+ th+ dead* none of us
shall )ithhold from thee./
If the 6ittites revered Abraham as a 'rince he must have been a highl# regarded member of India+s
hereditar# ruling, $arrior or 'riestl# caste. &he Bible never did sa# that Abraham $asn+t a 6ittite. It >ust
said, .I am a stranger and a soAourner )ith +ou./ .-enesis 28/<.1 As the 6ittites said, the#
recogni@ed Abraham as being even above them.
&he 6ittites $ere not a uniAue ethnicit# neither $ere the Amorites or Amarru. %arruta $as the Indian
caste name of commoners. &he $ord 9Amorite: .%arut1 $as the first caste name of the Indian =aish#as/
craftsmen, farmers, cattlemen, traders, etc.
In An$ient !eography of Ayodhya, -. H. )ande $rites, .>aruts represented the Bisah. (he
>aruts are des,ribed as forming troops or masses. Rudra- the father of the >aruts- is the
lord of ,attle./ In *he Ci+ili9ed :e#ons, %alita J. 5hendge states, ....the >aruts are the people./
(e should therefore not be sur'rised to find the Fhatti .6ittites1 and %aruts .Amorites1 functioning as
the 'rotectors and hel'mates or assistants of Jerusalem.
In India, the 6ittites $ere also ?no$n as Cedis or Chedis .'ronounced 6atti or Fhetti1. Indian historians
classif# them as one of the oldest castes of the Iadavas. .(he %edis formed one of the most an,ient
tribes among the :satri+as (the aristo,rati, ,lass made up of 1ittites and :assites' in earl+
Bedi, times. As earl+ as the period of the Rgveda the %edi kings had a,Cuired great
rekno)n... the+ are one of the leading po)ers in northern India in the great epi,./ Cam or
Cama also belonged to the Iadava clan. If our Abraham, Brahm, and Cam are the one and the same
'erson, Abraham $ent to Jerusalem to be $ith his o$n 'eo'leQ
Cam+s congregations segregated themselves in their o$n communities, called A#odh#a, $hich in 5ans?rit
means 9&he KnconAuerable:. &he 5ans?rit $ord for 9fighter: is Iuddha or Iudh.
Abraham and his grou' belonged to the A#odh#a .Iehudi#a, Judea1 congregation $ho remained aloof
from non0believers and Amale?ites .Ar#ans1.
It is extremely naive to assume that for the birth of a nation, and for kingship over all the
lands from the border of Egypt and beyond to the border of esopotamia !and beyond"#,
Abram$s %od would have &hosen a simple shepherd or pi&ked someone at random'
(ith the above statement in mind a critical revie$ of Abram+s lineage $ill sho$ that he $as most
'robabl# a descendent of a line of )oyalty or at the ver# least of a riestly Caste.
1is Dineage and Birth Ela,e from a 5umerian perspe,tive
10

It is also 'ossible that Abram $as born in the cit# of Bi''ur and lived in <r $ith his father. Bi''ur and
Kr $ere t$o of the original t$elve 9Cit#05tates: of 5umer. &he t$elve main deities of the 5umerian
)antheon of -ods .$hich coincidentall# have corres'onding 6indu 'rotot#'es1 ruled these 9Cit#05tates:
of 5umer one -od or -oddess 'er one Cit#05tate.

Kr $as also the cit# of Kr0Bammu and his 7a$ Code. Kr0Bammu is credited as being the first 5umerian
()aw En&oder* ; 200 BC .several hundred #ears 'rior to 6ammurabi+s codes $hich are better ?no$n
to most 'eo'le1.
6is $as a famil# that not onl# could claim descent from +hem but $hich ?e't famil# records tracing its
lineage through generations of first born sons/ Ar'a?hshad and 5helach and Eber, )eleg, Ce+u and 5erugG
Bahor and &erah and Abraham.

(he follo)ing a,,ount- taken from the 1indu >ats+a Eurana (Fish %hroni,le'- des,ribes
some of the people )ho- after a severe flood- left India for other parts of the )orld:

*o ;atya+ar#an, that so+ereign of the whole earth, were born three sons< the eldest +hem= then
;ha#= and thirdly, 0yapeti by na#e.
*hey were all #en of good #orals, e/$ellent in +irtue and +irtuous deeds, s-illed in the
use of weapons to stri-e with, or to be thrown= bra+e #en, eager for +i$tory in battle.
But ;atya+ar#an, being $ontinually delighted with de+out #editation, and seeing his
sons fit for do#inion, laid upon the# the burdens of go+ern#ent.
>hilst he re#ained honoring and satisfying the gods, and priests, and -ine, one day, by
the a$t of destiny, the -ing, ha+ing drun- #ead
Be$a#e senseless and lay asleep na-ed. *hen, was he seen by ;ha#, and by hi# were
his two brothers $alled<
*o who# he said, >hat now has befallen? In what state is this our sire? By these two
he was hidden with $lothes, and $alled to his senses again and again.
Ha+ing re$o+ered his intelle$t, and perfe$tly -nowing what had passed, he $ursed
;ha#, saying, *hou shalt be the ser+ant of ser+ants.
And sin$e thou wast a laugher in their presen$e, fro# laughter thou shalt a$4uire a
na#e. *hen he ga+e ;ha# the wide do#ain on the south of the snowy #ountains.
And to 0yapeti he ga+e all on the north of the snowy #ountains= but he, by the power of
religious $onte#plation, attained supre#e bliss.

If #ou have read the Je$ish or Christian bible, #ou can 'robabl# guess that 5at#avarman, 5hem, 5ham,
and J#a'eti $ere Boah, 5hem, 6am, and Ja'het.

From another 1indu stor+ )e get:

*he progeny of Ada#is and He+as soon be$a#e so wi$-ed that they were no longer able to
$oe/ist pea$efully. Brah#a therefore de$ided to punish his $reatures ,ishnu ordered
,ai+as+ata to build a ship for hi#self and his fa#ily. >hen the ship was ready, and ,ai+as+ata
and his fa#ily were inside with the seeds of e+ery plant and a pair of e+ery spe$ies of ani#al,
the big rains began and the ri+ers began to o+erflow.
5*hey e+en borrowed the @8 days and @8 nights fro# the Hindu stories6

11
&he fourth name in the list of Abraham+s 'rogenitors 0 Eber, has al$a#s held great interest to biblical
scholars. %an# believe that from %ber has stemmed the biblical term Ibri .6ebre$ of Brahma1 b# $hich
Abraham and his famil# identified themselves 'ossibl# as to'on#ms .names 'ersonif#ing 'laces1, Eber
could easil# translate to Ibri $hich as established above could easil# translate to Brahma or Abraham and
as a to'on#m could also have meant Bi''ur.

A loo- at the ;u#erian roots of the na#e pro+ides a si#ple answer.

Eber stems from the root $ord meaning to $ross, &he ans$er then is to be found in the 5umerian
language of Abraham and his ancestors. &he term Ibri .96ebre$:1 could clearl# stem from %ber, the
father of )eleg.

&he biblical suffix (i* $hen a''lied to a 'erson, meant (a native of*' ,or exam'le -ileadi means a
native of -ilead.

Ibri means then, a native of the 'lace of 9Crossing:G and that $as the 5umerian name for Bi''ur/
7I.IB.R< 0 the Crossing la$e, the 'lace $here the 're0Hiluvial grids crisscrossed each other, the
original Bavel of the Earth.
Hro''ing the 9n in trans'osing from 5umerian to A??adianD6ebre$ $as a freAuent occurrence. In
stating that Abraham $as an Ibri, the Bible sim'l# means that Abraham $as a 3i&ib&ri, a son of
3ippurian originA

=otive inscri'tions found at Bi''ur have confirmed that the ?ings of Kr cherished the title ious
;hepherd of 3ippur 0)A.&E.5I.BI.IB'-U in 5umerian.
*he fa$t that Abra#s fa#ily #igrated to Haran fro# Br has often been ta-en by s$holars to #ean that
Ur was Abra#s birthpla$e, but that is not stated anywhere in the Bible.

*he $o##and to Abra# to go to Canaan and lea+e for good his past abodes lists three separate entities<
his fathers house 5whi$h was then in Haran6= his land 5the $ity&state of Br6= and his birthpla$e !whi&h
the Bible does not identify#'

&he et#mological evidence that Ibri could mean a native of 3ippur could solve the 'roblem of Abram+s
true birth'lace.
7ippur $as never a ro#al ca'ital, but it $as a consecrated cit#, in fact it $as 5umer2s religious $enter.
It $as also the 'lace $here the ?no$ledge of astronom# $as entrusted to the high 'riests and thus the
'lace $here the calendar 0 the relationshi' bet$een the 5un, and %oon in their orbits 0 $as originated.
It has been long established that our 'resent0da# calendars derive from the original Bi''urian calendar.
All the evidence sho$s that the Bi''urian calendar began ; <000 BCE, in the age of &aurus.
In this $e find another confirmation connecting the 6ebre$s $ith Bi''ur/ &he Je$ish calendar still
continues to count the #ears from an enigmatic beginning in 8!30 BCE. It has 'reviousl# been assumed
that this $ount is fro# the beginning of the world, but the actual statement b# Je$ish sages $as that this
is the number of #ears that had 'assed 9sin$e $ounting 5of years6 began 0 meaning, since the
introduction of the calendar in Bi''ur.

(erah Father of Abram

,ollo$ing this line of reasoning Abram+s father, &erah, is also of great interest. 5ee?ing clues onl# in the
5emitic environment, biblical scholars regard the name, as those of 6aran and Bahor, as mere to'on#ms
holding that there $ere also cities b# such names in central and northern %eso'otamia, 6aran being one
exam'le as that is the cit# &erah moved his famil# to.

12
Ass#riologists searching the A??adian terminolog#, it being the first 5emitic language, could onl# find that
.irhu .&erah1 meant an artifa$t or +essel for #agi$al purposes.

&urning to the language of 5umer, $e find that the cuneiform sign for .irhu 5*erah6 stemmed directl#
from that of an ob>ect called in 5umerian HK-.BA%&AC & literall#, a .ate ;pea-er or Cne >ho
ronoun$es Cra$les.

In the famil# of Abram then, $e find a 'riestl# famil# of ro#al blood, a famil# headed b# a Bi''urian 6igh
)riest $ho $as the onl# one allo$ed into the tem'le+s innermost chamber, there to receive his -od+s
$ords and conve# it to ?ing and 'eo'le.
&erah, then, $as seemingl# an Oracular )riest, one assigned to a''roach the ;tone that >hispers in
order to hear the deit#+s $ords and communicate them to the la# hierarch#.

A similar function $as assumed in later times b# the Israelite 6igh )riest, $ho alone $as allo$ed to enter
the *6ol# of 6olies+ .the inner tem'le 'recincts1, a''roach the :+ir .5'ea?er1, and hear the +oi$e Dof the
1ordE spea- unto hi# fro# off the o+erlay whi$h is upon the Ar- of the Co+enant, fro# between the two
Cherubi#.

5ome of the names borne b# the ro#al andDor 'riestl# elite of Bi''ur resemble Abraham+s 5umerian name
0 AB.CA%. AB meaning 9,ather: or 9)rogenitor.: A governor of Bi''ur during 5hulgi+s reign .5uccessor
to Kr0Bammu 2048020<3 BC1 for exam'le, bore the name AB.BA.%K.

Abram/Abraham and his Famil+

&erah $as the father of Abram, Bahor, and 6aranG and 6aran had a son named 7ot. 6aran died before
his father.

In 2043 BC &erah moved his famil#, from Kr to 6aran .a mirror cit# of Kr also $orshi''ing the same
deities.1 In 20<2 BC Abram $as instructed b# his god to move again.

Abram married 5arai .her name meaning *)rincess+1 his half0sister. &erah too? his son Abram, his
daughter 5arai, and his grandson 7ot .6aran+s son1 and left Kr of the Chaldees to go to the land of
Canaan. Instead the# sto''ed at the village of 6aran and settled there. &erah lived for 20" #ears and died
$hile still at 6aran.

It is of significance to note that the Bible 'laces Abram before his brother 6aran but in all li?elihood
6aran $as the eldest. After 6aran+s 're0mature death Abraham $ould come first on the .a#ily $hart
as $as the 'ractice of the da# $hen denoting lineal descent of 5umerian families.

&his assum'tion is given further credence in the Bible >ust b# mentioning the fact that 6aran died and
mentioning his other children 0 s'ecificall# %ilcah .her name meaning Fueenly1 and Iscah .his name
meaning he that anoints R another 'riestl# title1 and then later 7ot .his name meaning ,eiled1.

&hat Bahor the #ounger brother of Abram also married the ver# same %ilcah .his niece, daughter of his
brother 6aran and sister to 7ot1 is mentioned as $ell.

&he rest of the Bible+s genealog# onl# mentions the significant 'la#ers, s'ecificall# the fathers of $ho
begot $ho, ho$ old the# $ere $hen the# had an heir and ho$ old the# $ere $hen the# died, i.e., >hen
3ahor had li+ed twenty&nine years, he be$a#e the father of *erah= and 3ahor li+ed after the birth of
*erah a hundred and nineteen years, and had other sons and daughters.

&he inclusion of 7ot $hen &erah left Kr is also significant to lineal descent. If 6aran $as &erah+s first son
and 7ot $as in turn 6aran+s eldest son then 7ot+s claim to the .a#ily Birth&right $ould have been
stronger than Abram+s.

13
&his b#0'la# of 7ot+s rightful claim seemingl# comes to a head later in -enesis 8, ! $hen there $as strife
bet$een the herdsmen of 7ot and the 6erdsmen of Abram. Abram as a result $ent to 7ot and as?ed that
there be no strife bet$een them and as?ed 7ot to se'arate himself.

In -enesis 4 verses 80 through 82 7ot+s legitimac# to his Birthright further suffers after the destruction
of 5odom and -omorrah. 6is daughters 'lied him $ith $ine and too? turns *la#ing+ $ith him on t$o
se'arate nights. In s'ite of this incestuous union their children %oab and Ben0Ammi also $ere blessed b#
their *-od+ and became the fathers of the nations of the %oabites and Ammonites.

%an# Auotes in the Bible further de0fame the %oabites and Ammonites. In one instance the# formed an
alliance $ith the Amele?ites against the nation of Israel. 5trange that the Israeli 'eo'les should so
contend $ith their cousins instead of all#ing $ith them.

&he Auestion is $h# do the $riters of -enesis ta?e such 'ains to discredit 7ot and his legitimac#P
A''arentl# he still held some s'ecial favor in the e#es of the -od he $as lo#al to, for his -od also made
nations of his sons.

(h# $as there an# interest in 7ot at all other than as a com'anion to Abram $hen leaving Kr and 6aranP
(h# $as his fate described in so much detailP (h# allo$ the sons of his incestuous unions $ith his
daughters to become the .athers of 3ations?

5eemingl# the biblical $riters felt a s'ecial need to legitimi@e Abram+s claim to the Birth&right $hile
discrediting 7ot.

Hid 7ot also have a covenant $ith their -od to be the .ather of 3ations? Or $as the mention of 7ot+s
sonsDgrandsons a $a# for the authors to assuage their com'licit# in removing 7ot as the legitimate heirP
%a#be the 'eo'le $ho $rote the stor# do$n $ell after the facts $ere una$are of the )ules of ;u$$ession
established b# the 5umerian -ods.

&he customs and 7a$s b# $hich the 6ebre$ )atriarchs lived $ere a''arentl# the same la$s b# $hich
Fings and Boblemen of ancient 5umer $ere bound, therefore it stands to reason that since the 9Cules of
5uccession: and the la$s $ere handed do$n from the gods the same rules of succession and rights of the
children should be follo$ed as the# $ere follo$ed b# the 9-ods:.

In e/a#ple of this<
Abram $ho $as de'rived of a son b# the barrenness of his $ife 5arai and so had a son Ishmael b# his
$ife+s maidservant 6agar. Ishmael, ho$ever, $as excluded from the 'atriarchal succession $hen 5arai
bore Isaac to Abram.

5im'l# 'ut, Abram needed an heir b# his half0sister to claim the birthright for his sonQ Ishmael $ouldn+t
do at all.

,urther cementing Abram+s claim for his descendants Isaac married Cebe?ah, daughter of Bethuel $ho
$as the son of Bahor and %ilcah .his uncle and his cousin1. &$o of Jacob+s .Israel 0 Issac and Cebe?ah+s
son1 $ives $ere 7eah and Cachel daughters of 7aban, son of Bethuel $ho $as the son of Bahor and
%ilcah.

A note of similarit# rings here $ith the sibling rivalr# of the 5umerian -ods En?i and Enlil. &hough En?i
$as first born, Enlil $as heir a''arent as he $as born of their father Anu+s official 5'ouse, Antu.

Another 'arallel is that both Abram and later Isaac made no bones about 'roclaiming their res'ective
$ives $ere also their sisters .though technicall# Isaac+s $ife Cebe?ah $as his cousin on several different
levels1. &his is significant in that it has 'u@@led man# scholars due to the biblical 'rohibition against
sexual relations $ith relatives. Ex'lained ho$ever, in the light of Abram+s lineage, as a 'ossible 5umerian
it ma?es 'erfect sense $hen one understands the 'assing of the 5umerian Birthrights.

14
&he 5umerianDBab#lonian records of their gods indicate that En?i tried several times $ith his half sister
Binhursag .also a daughter of Anu but b# a different mother than En?i or Enlil+s1 to conceive a son $ho
$ould have more of a blood claim on the throne than did Enlil. (hen he failed to 'roduce a male heir he
cou'led $ith the daughter of this incestuous union and again 'roduced another daughter.

Enlil and his $ife Binlil+s son BanaD5in $as not Enlil+s heir, but Enlil+s son Binurta $hom he had $ith his
half0sister Binharsag .the same sister that En?i tried and failed to obtain a son through1 $as Enlil+s heir.
&his method ensured a 9'urer seed: $ould inherit the Birthright.

Also $ith $hat has been established of the ElohimDAnnuna?i sciences 0 incest 'racticed to an extent
$ould be beneficial to the 'urit# of a bloodline. %itochondrial HBA is the ?e#. 6aving a child $ith #our
half0sister from the same father $ould be all right as the %tHBA is 'assed onl# through the female line
and there is no chance of genetic defect.
&he earl# 6ebre$ rules of succession $ere nothing more than a mirror image of the rules of succession for
the ElohimDAnnuna?i.

&his 'ractice of marr#ing and 'roviding an heir through ones sister carried on into Eg#'tian d#nastic
times and even into the aristocrac# of Euro'e in relativel# modern times.

In the stor# of Abram the Bible relates incidents concerning $ater $ells, $hich sho$s that Abram $as
careful to avoid conflict $ith local residents as he >ourne#ed through Canaan. (hen Abram became
involved in the >ar of the "ings, he refused to share in the boot#. &his is not the behavior of a
marauding barbarian but rather of a 'erson of high standards of conduct. Coming to Eg#'t, Abraham and
5arah $ere ta?en to the )haraoh+s courtG in Canaan, Abraham made treaties $ith the local rulers.

Ancient traditions also de'ict Abram as greatl# versed in astronom# R $hich $as a realm strictl#
controlled b# the )riestl# Elite or training given to ro#alt#.
&a?ing the above information into account the 'icture of Abram that emerges is the image of a 'erson of
high standing $ho $as s?illed in the arts of negotiation and di'lomac#, a 'erson $ho subscribed to the
'atriarchal rules of succession as 'rescribed for the 5umerian aristocrac# and their -ods'

.aken in this light Abram emerges not as the son of immigrant aliens but as the s&ion of a
family dire&tly involved in affairs of state of every nation in whi&h he visited/

Huring the Exodus, at %ount 5inai the -od 'roclaimed that his covenant $ith the descendants of
Abraham meant thatG (ye shall be unto me a kingdom of priests'* It $as a statement that reflected
the status of Abram+s o$n descent R &hat of a Co#al )riesthood.

-enesis !/ 03, 'rovides us $ith the time and manner in $hich Abram $as transformed from a 5umerian
nobleman to a $est 5emitic 'otentate, under a covenant bet$een he and his -od. Amid a ritual of
circumcision, his 5umerian name AB.CA% meaning, .ather of the %/alted, $as changed to the
A??adianD5emitic Abraha# meaning .ather of a Multitude of 3ations and that of his $ife 5arai
meaning rin$ess $as ada'ted to the 5emitic ;arah.
It $as onl# $hen he $as ninet#0nine #ears old that the ne$l# named Abraham became a 95emite2.

&he tales of Abraham+s interaction $ith the !od that singled him out to become a 'eo'le are $ritten in
the earl# cha'ters of the boo? of -enesis. Onl# later during the time of %oses does the entit# name
himself as Iah$eh.

According to -enesis, Abraham sa$ the face of his godG %oses did not. In the time of %oses,
a''roximatel# "00 BC, the descendants of Abraham $ere living in Eg#'t and had fallen bac? into the
'ractice of $orshi'ing man# godsG the same gods that had com'rised the Indian, 5umerian and Eg#'tian
'antheon, as $ell the earl# Chaldean. &he entit# that led the 6ebre$ 'eo'le from Eg#'t claimed to be one
and the same as the god of Abraham. 6e claimed that he had come to fulfill his 'romise to Abraham b#
ma?ing his descendents a 'eo'le, and give them the land $herein their father Abraham had lived and
15
died. 6e forbade them to recogni@e an# other god but himself, b# force convincing them during fort#
#ears of $andering in the $ilderness that he $as the One and onl# -od.

Gid Abram/Abraham &0ist3

,actuall# s'ea?ing there is no definitive scholasticall# acce'ted documentation su''orting the existence
of Abram. &here is no extra0biblical mention of him in an# a$$epted ancient records found to date.
&here is s'eculation on certain texts that the# might be tal?ing about AbramDAbraham.

As $losely as $an be deter#ined<

&he discover# of Bab#lonian tablets at the end of the eighteenth centur# naming Fhedorla+omer, Ario?h,
and &idhal $as found and translated in a tale similar to the biblical one.
&hese tablets describe a $ar in $hich a ?ing of Elam, :udur-laghamar, led an alliance of rulers that
included one named &ri-aku and another named (ud-ghula 0 names that easil# could have been
translated as Fhedorla+omer, Ario?h, and &idhal in 6ebre$.

&he scholars at the time agreed $ith inter'retation of the cuneiform names/

(0udur1)aghamar*, meaning -ing of the land of %la#= scholars agreed that it $as a 'erfect
Elamite ro#al name, the 'refix "udur G meaning ;er+ant having been a com'onent in the names of
several Elamite ?ings, and 1agha#ar being the Elamite e'ithet0name for a certain deit#.
(Ariokh*, s'elled %ri&e&a&-u in the Bab#lonian cuneiform scri't, stood for the original 5umerian
ECI.AFK, meaning ;er+ant of the god A-u, A-u being another name of Bannar05in. It is ?no$n
from a number of inscri'tions that Elamite rulers of 7arsa bore the name ;er+ant of ;in, and there
$as therefore little difficult# in agreeing that the biblical Eliasar, the ro#al cit# of the ?ing Ario?h, $as
in fact 7arsa.
.(ud-ghula/- $as the eAuivalent of the biblical *idhal, -ing of !oi#= and the# agreed that b#
-o+im the Boo? of -enesis referred to the 9nation0hordes: $hom the cuneiform tablets listed as allies
of Fhedorla+omer.
Although neither Abram nor an# derivative of his name is mentioned in the Bab#lonian tablets if ta?en at
face value it ma# be the onl# extra0biblical documentation that can connect Abram $ith a s'ecific non0
6ebre$ event. Added to the long established fact that the 6ebre$s $ere great borrowers this ma# be
ta?en as verif#ing not onl# the existence of Abram, but also of an international historical event in $hich he
$as involved.
&he Auestion remains though, $hich is the 'eriod into $hich these events fitP

-enesis tells of an ancient $ar bet$een an alliance of four ?ingdoms of the East against five ?ings in
Canaan.

!enesis H@= And it $a#e to pass in the days of A#raphel -ing of ;hinar, Ario-h -ing of %llasar,
"hedorlao#er -ing of %la#, and *idhal -ing of !oi# G *hat these #ade war with Bera "ing of
;odo#, and with Birsha -ing of !o#orrah, ;hinab -ing of Ad#ah, and ;he#&eber -ing of (ebii#,
and with the -ing of Bela, whi$h is (oar.
&he reading of biblical chronolog# 'uts Abram in the middle of the most momentous event of that time,
not merel# as an observer but as an active 'artici'ant. &he centur# of Abram $as thus the centur# that
$itnessed the rise and fall of the &hird H#nast# of Kr.
6istorical records have established that 5hulgi in the t$ent#0eighth #ear of his reign .2032 BC1 gave his
daughter in marriage to an Elamite chieftain and granted him the cit# of 7arsa as a do$r#G in return the
Elamites 'ut a foreign legion of Elamite troo's at 5hulgi+s dis'osal. &hese troo's $ere used b# 5hulgi to
subdue the $estern 'rovinces, including Canaan.
16

In the last #ears of 5hulgi+s reign, $hen Kr $as still an im'erial ca'ital under his immediate successor
Amar05in, $e find the onl# historical time slot into $hich all the biblical and %eso'otamian records can
'ossibl# fit.
&he fact is that des'ite man# studies about AbramDAbraham, all $e ?no$ about him, is $hat $e find in
the Bible/

*erah too- his son Abra#, his daughter ;arai, and his grandson 1ot 5Harans son6 and left Br of the
Chaldeans to go to the land of Canaan. But they stopped instead at the +illage of Haran and settled
there.
&he Bible gives no ex'lanation for leaving Kr, and there is also no time reference mentioned, but if the
de'arture is related to the events described above then time frame can be reasonabl# reconstructed.
(hen Abram 'roceeded later on from 6aran to Canaan he $as sevent#0five. &he bible indicates a long
sta# at 6aran and de'icts Abram on his arrival as a #oung man $ith a ne$ bride.

If as $e have concluded Abram $as born in 228 BC, he $as a child of ten $hen Kr0Bammu ascended the
throne in Kr, the cit# of Bannar05in.

Abram $as a #oung man of t$ent#0seven $hen Kr0Bammu $as slain on a distant battlefield. As he $as
the anointed and a''ointed Fing of his 9god: Bannar05in, his death had a traumatic effect on the 'eo'le
of %eso'otamia and $as a ma>or blo$ to the 'eo'le+s faith in Bannar+s omni'otence.
If, as $e have 'ointed out above, *erah was a ;u#erian High riest or e+en a personage of royalty it
$ould ma?e 'erfect sense for him and his famil# to be on the move as the faith of the 'eo'le in Bannar0
5in+s 'o$er $as destro#ed. &he #ear of Kr0Bammu+s fall $as 2043 BC and this is $hen, as a conseAuence
of Kr0Bammu+s fall and Bannar05in+s defeat, that &erah and his famil# left Kr for a fara$a# destination,
sto''ing off at 6aran, that cit# being considered the Kr a$a# from Kr and a location at $hich Bannar05in
still reigned su'reme.

*he following is offered as so#ething of $orroboration<

Another 5umerian text records a battle bet$een a grandson of Anu and an enem#G the tale is ?no$n as
*he Myth of (u. Its hero is Binurta, Enlil+s son and heir b# his half0sister BinhursagD5ud.

&he stor# tells that in Bi''ur, there, ato' a raised 'latform $as the HIC.-A room, the most restricted
holy of holies $here the *ablets of :estinies 0 $ere installed.
Into this sacred chamber a god named Lu gained access, sei@ed the vital tablets and thereb# held in his
hands the fate of the Anunna?i on Earth and of Bibiru itself.

&he tale of Lu can be sorted out b# combining 'ortions of Old Bab#lonian and Ass#rian versions of the
5umerian text, a good deal of the tale has been restored. Knfortunatel# the damaged 'ortions of the
tablets still held the secret of Lu+s true identit#, as $ell as an ex'lanation of ho$ an 9Enem#: gained access
to the Hirga.
In 5umerian the name Lu meant He >ho "nows, one ex'ert in certain ?no$ledge. &he enem# of this
tale is referred to as AB.LK 0 He >ho "nows the Hea+ens.

,rom our understanding of the 9legend: $e have concluded that Bannar+s other name, 5in, $hich is
derived from 5K.EB, that is another $a# of 'ronouncing LK.EB... Bannar05in as 5K.EB $as none other
than EB.LK .97ord LK:1. It $as Bannar05in, $e conclude, $ho tried to sei@e control.
Both 5umerian texts, as $ell as archeological evidence, indicate that 5in and his s'ouse fled to 6aran 0 the
17
sa#e $ity to whi$h *erah and fa#ily fled to when the trouble started in BrA
&erah and his famil# follo$ed a !odA Adding further legitimac# to our claim that &erah and then
Abraham $ere of a )oyal riestly CasteQ

Based u'on various sources it is safe to s'eculate that $hen the disgracedDdiscredited Bannar05in fell out
of favor $ith his father Enlil and fled to 6aran he formed an alliance $ith En?i, Enlil+s older brother and
rival. Bannar05in though Enlil+s oldest son, li?e En?i $as 'assed over as his father+s heir in favor of his
#ounger brother Binurta due to the fact that Binurta $as the offs'ring of Enlil and his half0sister, as Enlil
$as also the child of half siblings.

En?i and Bannar05in had much in common as the# $ere in0la$s as $ell as uncleDne'he$. En?i+s #ounger
son Humu@i $as married to Bannar05in+s daughter InannaDIshtar. Humu@i $as ?illed b# %ardu? earning
him the eternal hatred of InannaDIshtar and that of her famil#. En?i $as more forgiving and 'leaded for
%ardu?s exile instead of death. 6is $ish $as granted and %ardu? $as exiled from Bab#lon and
%eso'otamia.

An alliance $ith En?i ma?es sense since as $e have discovered, En?i $as also ?no$n as Iah$eh the -od
of Abraham. (h# else $ould 2ahwehs general defend the lands of a *god+ not his o$nP

%ardu?, though En?i+s son $as still a $ild card, having 'reviousl# been disgraced and exiled he $as
'ulling for 'o$er from behind the scenes through his son Babu from his base in 6attiland and 'ersonall#
as AmenDCa in K''er Eg#'t. It $as he 'ressuring the )rinces of K''er Eg#'t to move against the
)haraoh of 7o$er Eg#'t in an attem't to gain 'ossession of the border at 5inai.

En?i al$a#s being concerned $ith the $elfare of man formed an alliance $ith Bannar05in to Auash
%ardu?s latest attem't at a cou'e. 6is concern $as less for $ho $ould rule %eso'otamia than for saving
lives. 6is ulterior motive $as 'robabl# that his Brother Enlil $ould not be as lenient if he $ere to bend
his $ill and 'o$ers against those of %ardu? and he $ould have no regard for lives lost in the 'rocess.
If our chronolog# is correct, and $e have ever# reason to believe that it is, Abram+s famil# sta#ed on at
6aran all through the follo$ing #ears of Kr+s decline and throughout 5hulgi+s reign.
And !od said unto Abra#<
!et thee out of thy $ountry and out of thy birthpla$e and fro# thy fathers house,
unto the land whi$h I will show thee. . .
And Abra# departed as !od had spo-en unto hi#, and 1ot went with hi#.
And Abra# was se+enty&fi+e years old when he left Haran.

Once again, no reason is given for this crucial move, ho$ever, the chronological clues, are most revealing.

B# our calculations $hen Abraham $as sevent#0five #ears old the #ear $as 20<2 BC 0 the ver# #ear of
5hulgi+s do$nfallQ
Because Abram+s famil# directl# continued the line of 5hem, scholars have al$a#s considered Abram as a
5emite .'ossibl# derived from *5hem0ite+ or *5umer0ite+ or even *5hem0erian+1. &he 5emites $ere distinct
.in scholars+ minds1 from the non05emitic 5umerians and the later Indo0Euro'eans.

In the original biblical sense, all the 'eo'les of greater %eso'otamia $ere descended of 5hem, 95emite:
and 95umerian: ali?e. &here is ever#thing to su''ort the image of a famil# rooted in 5umer from its
earliest beginnings, hastil# u'rooted from his countr# and birth'lace and told to go to an unfamiliar land.

Abram+s famil# $as Chaldean. &his $as his heritage. 6is culture and his 'eo'le $orshi''ed man# gods.
&he Chaldeans inherited their 9)antheon of -ods: from 5umeria $ho in their turn inherited their
'antheon from India.
18
&he corres'onding time bet$een t$o biblical events $ith the time of t$o ma>or 5umerian events must
serve as obvious indication of a direct connection bet$een them all.

Abrams >ission

It seems that all during 5hulgi+s reign in Kr, the famil# of &erah sta#ed at 6aran. &hen, on 5hulgi+s
demise, the divine order came to 'roceed to Canaan. &erah $ho $as alread# Auite old sta#ed in 6aran.
&he one chosen for the mission $as Abram 0 himself a mature man of sevent#0five. &he #ear $as 20<2
BCG it mar?ed the beginning of t$ent#0four fateful #ears 0 eighteen #ears encom'assing the $ar0filled
reigns of the t$o immediate successors of 5hulgi 0 Amar05in and 5hu05in and six #ears of Ibbi05in, the
last so+ereign -ing of Br.
It is undoubtedl# more than mere coincidence that 5hulgi+s death $as the signal not onl# for a move b#
Abram, but also for a re0alignment among the Bear Eastern gods.

It $as exactl# $hen Abram, accom'anied .as $e learn later1 b# an elite militar# cor's, left 6aran 0 the
gate$a# to the 6ittite lands 0 that the exiled and $andering %ardu? a''eared in 96atti land.: %oreover,
the remar?able coincidence is that %ardu? sta#ed there through the same t$ent#0four #ear 'eriod, the
#ears that culminated $ith the great Hisaster.
&he evidence for %ardu?+s movements is a tablet found in the librar# of Ashurbani'al, in $hich %ardu?
tells of his $anderings and eventual return to Bab#lon.
(e learn from the balance of the text that %ardu? from his ne$ 'lace in exile .Asia %inor1 sent
emissaries and su''lies .via 6aran1 to his follo$ers in Bab#lon, and trading agents into %ari, thereb#
ma?ing inroads into both gate$a#s 0 the one beholden to Bannar05in and the other to Bannar05in+s
daughter InannaDIshtar.
As if signaled b# the death of 5hulgi and the Hefeat of Bannar05in, the $hole ancient $orld came astir.
&he 6ouse of Bannar had alread# been discredited and defeated b# his brother Binurta on behalf of
himself and his father Enlil. &he battle $as not ho$ever $ithout out a cost and though Bannar05in+s
'o$er base ma# have suffered losses, Enlil and Binurta+s $as also diminished.

It $as at this time that the 6ouse of %ardu? sa$ its final 'revailing hour a''roaching. (hile %ardu?
himself $as still excluded from %eso'otamia, his first0born son, Babu, $as ma?ing converts to his
father+s cause. 6is efforts encom'assed all the lands, including -reater Canaan.
It $as against this bac?ground of fast develo'ments that Abram $as ordered to go to Canaan. &hough
silent concerning $h#, the Old &estament is clear regarding his destination/

Mo+ing e/peditiously to Canaan, Abra# and his wife, his nephew 1ot, and their entourage
$ontinued swiftly southward. *here was a stopo+er at ;he$he#, where the 1ord spo-e to
Abra#. *hen he re#o+ed fro# there to the Mount, and en$a#ped east of Beth&%l 5!ods
House6= in the +i$inity of Mount Moriah 5Mount of :ire$ting6, upon whose ;a$red )o$- the
Ar- of the Co+enant was pla$ed when ;olo#on built the te#ple of 2ahweh in 0erusale#.
,rom there Abra# Iourneyed farther, still going toward the 3ege+. &he Begev 0 the dr# region $here
Canaan and the 5inai )eninsula merge 0 $as clearl# Abram+s destination.
(hat $as Abram to do in the Begev $ho+s ver# name .9&he Hr#ness:1 bes'o?e its aridit#P (hat $as there
that reAuired the 'atriarch+s hurried, >ourne# from 6aran and im'elled his 'resence through the miles
u'on miles of barren landP

&he mission of Abram $as a militar# one/ s'ecificall# to 'rotect the 5inai, the land of his -od or that of
his -od+s allies.
19
Abram obviousl# had militar# allies in that region. 6is 6ittite friends, $ho $ere also residents of Canaan,
$ere ?no$n for their militar# ex'erience, $hich sheds light on the Auestion of $here Abram acAuired the
militar# 'roficienc# that he em'lo#ed so successfull# during the >ar of the "ings.

Abram also led an entourage that included an elite cor's of several hundred fighting men. &he biblical
term for them 0 3aar 0 has been variousl# translated as 9retainer: or sim'l# 9#oung man:.

5tudies have sho$n that in 6urrian the $ord denoted riders or cavalr#men. In fact, recent studies of
%eso'otamian texts dealing $ith militar# movements list among the charioteers and cavalr#men,
7K.BAC .9Bar0men:1 $ho served as fast riders. (e find an identical term in the Bible .I 5amuel 80/!1/
after Fing Havid attac?ed an Amale?ite cam', the onl# ones to esca'e $ere 9four hundred Ish&3aar &
literall#, 93ar&men: or 7K.BAC 0 9$ho $ere riding the camels.:
(he image of Abram that emerges is that of an innovative militar+ ,ommander of ro+al
des,ent.

&his vie$ accords $ell $ith ancient recollections of Abram. Jose'hus, .first centur# AH1 $rote of him/
Abra# reigned at :a#as$us, where he was a foreigner, ha+ing $o#e with an ar#y out of the land
abo+e Babylon fro# whi$h, after a long ti#e, the 1ord got hi# up and re#o+ed fro# that $ountry
together with his #en and he went to the land then $alled the land of Canaan but now the land of
0udea.

According to the biblical tale, a 'lace called El0)aran $as the real target of the invaders, but the# never
reached it.

Coming do$n &rans>ordan and circling the Head 5ea, the invaders 'assed b# %ount 5e+ir and advanced
toward %l&aran, whi$h is upon the >ilderness. But the# $ere forced to s$ing bac? b# Ein0%ish'at,
$hich is Fadesh. El0)aran .9-od+s -loried )laceP:1 $as never reachedG someho$ the invaders $ere
beaten bac? at Ein0%ish'at, also ?no$n as Fadesh or Fadesh0Barnea.
It $as onl# then, as the# turned bac? to$ard Canaan that *hereupon the -ing of ;odo# and the -ing of
!o#orrah and the -ing of Ad#ah and the -ing of (ebii# and the -ing of Bela, whi$h is (oar, #ar$hed
forth and engaged the# in battle in the +ale of ;iddi#.
&he battle $ith these Canaanite ?ings $as thus a late 'hase of the $ar and not its first 'ur'ose. Almost a
centur# ago, in a thorough stud# of "adesh&Barnea, it $as concluded that the true target of the invaders
$as El0)aran, $hich $as correctl# identified as the fortified oasis of Ba?hl in 5inai+s central 'lain.
(h# had the# gone there, and $ho $as it that bloc?ed their $a# at Fadesh0Barnea, forcing the invaders to
turn bac?P
&he onl# ans$er that can ma?e sense is that the significance of the destination $as to launch an invasion
and Abraham $as the one $ho bloc?ed the advance at Fadesh0Barnea.

,rom earlier times Fadesh0Barnea $as the closest 'lace $here men could a''roach in that 'articular
region $ithout s'ecial 'ermission. 5hulgi had gone there to 'ra# and ma?e offerings to the 9-od (ho
Judges:, and nearl# a thousand #ears before him the 5umerian ?ing -ilgamesh sto''ed there to obtain
the s'ecial 'ermission.
&he hints in the Old &estament become a detailed tale in the "hedorlao#er *e/ts, $hich ma?e clear that
the $ar $as intended to 'revent the return of %ardu? and th$art the efforts of Babu to gain access to
5inai.

&hese texts not onl# name the ver# same ?ings $ho are mentioned in the Bible but even re'eat the biblical
detail of the s$itch of allegiance 9in the thirteenth #ear:Q
20
As $e return to the "edorlao#er *e/ts to obtain the details for the biblical frame, $e should bear in mind
that the# $ere $ritten b# a Bab#lonian historian $ho favored %ardu?+s desire to ma?e Bab#lon 9the
heaven$ard navel in the four regions.: It $as to th$art this that the gods o''osing %ardu? ordered
Fhedorlaomer to sei@e and defile Bab#lon.
&he des'oiling of Bab#lon $as onl# the beginning. After the 9bad deeds: $ere done there, KtuD5hamash
.son of Bannar05in and t$in of InannaDIshtar1 sought action against Babu .son of %ardu?1.... the gods
assembled.... Ishtar decreed an oracle, and the arm# 'ut together b# the ?ings of the East arrived in
&rans>ordan....
(hen the invaders....: thereafter, Hur0%ah0Ilani $as to be ca'tured and the Canaanite cities .including
-a@a and Beer05heba in the Begev1 $ere to be 'unished. But at Hur0%ah0Ilani, according to the
Bab#lonian text, the son of the priest, who# the gods in their true $ounsel had anointed, stood in the
invader+s $a# and 9the des'oiling 'revented.:
&hough not s'ecificall# mentioned b# name, the Bab#lonian text did indeed refer to Abraham, the son of
&erah the 'riest, and s'elled out his role in turning bac? the invaders.

&his is strengthened b# the fact that the %eso'otamian and biblical texts relate the same event in the
same localit# $ith the same outcome.
,urther strengthening this 'osition is the date formulas for the reign of Amar05in called his seventh #ear.
&he crucial #ear being 20< BC, the #ear of the militar# ex'edition 0 also %K BE IB.R<.<> BA.6K7
meaning R 2ear the ;hepherding&abode of IB.)B.BM was atta$-ed.
Can this reference, in the exact crucial #ear, be other than to Abraham and his she'herding abodeP

6aving carried out his mission, Abraham returned to his base near 6ebron. Encouraged b# his feat, the
Canaanite ?ings marched his forces to interce't the retreating arm# from the East. But the invaders beat
them and sei@ed all the 'ossessions of 5odom and -omorrah as $ell as one 'ri@e hostage/ &he# too? $ith
them 7ot, the ne'he$ of Abraham, $ho $as residing at 5odom.
On hearing the ne$s, Abraham called u' his best cavalr#men and 'ursued the retreating invaders.
Catching u' $ith them near Hamascus, he succeeded in releasing 7ot and retrieving all the boot#. K'on
his return he $as greeted as a victor in the =alle# of ;hale# .Jerusalem1/
:And Mal-i9ede-, the -ing of ;hale#, brought forth bread and wine,
for he was priest unto the !od Most High.
And he blessed hi#, saying<
Blessed be Abra# unto the !od Most High, ossessor of Hea+en and %arth=
And blessed be the !od Most High who hath deli+ered thy foes unto thine hand.
5oon the Canaanite ?ings also arrived to than? Abraham, and offered him all the sei@ed 'ossessions as a
re$ard. But Abraham, sa#ing that his local allies could share in that, refused to ta?e e+en a shoela$e for
himself or his $arriors.
&he invasion of the 5inai $as th$arted, but the danger to it $as not removedG and the efforts of %ardu? to
gain the su'remac# intensified ever more. ,ifteen #ears later 5odom and -omorrah $ent u' in flames
$hen Binurta and Bergal unleashed the $ea'ons of a$esome brilliance.

Abraham in &g+pt
After his sta# in the Begev Abram crossed the 5inai )eninsula and came to Eg#'t. Being something more
than ordinar# nomads, Abram and 5arai $ere at once ta?en to the ro#al 'alace. &he time $as ; 20<! BC,
$hen the ruling )haraoh.s1 of 7o$er Eg#'t .northern 'art1, $ho $ere not follo$ers of Amen .9&he 6iding
21
-od: CaD%ardu?1 $ere facing a strong challenge from the 'rinces of &hebes in the south, $here
AmenD%ardu? $as deemed su'reme.

(e can onl# guess $hat matters of state 0 alliances, >oint defenses, divine commands 0 $ere discussed
bet$een the )haraoh and the Ibri, the Bi''urian general. &he Bible is silent on this as $ell as on the
length of sta# although the non0canonical Boo- of 0ubilees states that the so>ourn lasted five #ears. (hen
the time came for Abram to return to the Begev he $as accom'anied b# a large retinue of the )haraoh+s
men.
&he Bible describes great ?ings of Israel $ho are said to have ruled bet$een the Bile and the
Eu'hrates. 6o$ever, the archaeolog# of traditional Israel does not su''ort this claim.
In Eg#'t there is the archaeolog# of 'haraohs $ho boasted of an em'ire stretching from the Bile
to the Eu'hrates. 6o$ever, a detailed narrative record of their famil# histor# and culture has not
been found.
It could ver# $ell be that the archaeolog# of Eg#'t and the cultural memor# of the Bible are t$o
facets of the same ro#al histor#, $hich should logicall# com'lement one another.
In other $ords, it is entirel# 'ossible that the 'haraohs also reigned as ?ings in Israel, but under
6ebre$ names. It $as the common 'ractice of ?ings to ado't regional identities in order to be
better acce'ted b# the local 'eo'les. &his has been found to be the case from Bab#lonian Fings,
to Eg#'tian and vice0versa.
5ome scholars believe that Abraham $as the final 'rince of the st H#nast# of Bab#lon. In
AbrahamSs da#, the 'atriarchal em'ire $as at the height of its im'erial dominance. &hese
Bab#lonian ?ings held titles in Eg#'t, %eso'otamia and India. ,or exam'le, the Fassite name of
AbrahamSs grandfather $as Fa?rime .Tstrong sei@erT1. &erah, the father of Abraham, $as ?no$n
b# the Fassite name Burnaburiash I. &his TIndo0Euro'eanT title $as shortened to Jo0ash in the
Bible. 9Fassite: as #ou ma# recall from above is a derivative form of the 5ans?rit $ord 9Fhassis:
$hich is the name of the ruling caste.
&hrough Barmer .Bimrod1 the rival lines of inheritance from 6am and 5hem $ere recombined.
,rom that time for$ard the %iddle East $as lorded over b# a single ro#al famil# $ho considered
themselves to be eAuall# 5emitic and 6amitic. &he Bible literall# traces the histor# of the d#nast#
$hich ruled for a thousand #ears over the dual regions of Eg#'t and %eso'otamia and 'ossibl#
be#ond.
In -enesis 28/3, Abraham is called 9a might# 'rince among them.: Although Abraham ma# not
have assumed the title of 'haraoh, he $as considered a ?ing, both in %eso'otamia and in Eg#'t.
In -enesis <, Abraham is given the 'seudon#m of 5hem0eber ?ing of Leboiim .%em'his1.
5hemeber is translated as 9Illustrious.: 6o$ever, it is also a com'ound name com'rised of 5hem
.5abium1 and Eber .6ammurabi1. &hese t$o ancestors $ere not onl# ?ings, but also masters of
the sciences, la$ and 'hiloso'h#. Abraham $as 'laced in their com'an#, not onl# $ith res'ect to
$isdom, but also in ?ingshi'. Leboiim, that is %em'his, $as the ancient seat of ?ingshi' and
$isdom in Eg#'t.
5o, it no$ becomes a''arent ho$ a #oung 'rince named Abram, heir to the throne of this vast
em'ire, could have s'ent a great deal of time in India, learned eastern 'hiloso'h# and meditation,
and could have been a native of India .named A0Brahm1.
Abraham has been identified b# some scholars as the strangel# 'rominent and $ide0ranging
Eg#'tian nobleman &hutmose. &his 9might# 'rince: is traditionall# referred to in literature b#
22
the Eg#'tian form of his name, :Iehuty or :Iehuty#es, in order to avoid confusion $ith the
'haraohs named &hutmose.
&he Eg#'tian :Iehuty#es and -ree? form &hutmose have the meaning, Child of *hoth or *hoth is
BornJ)eborn. &hoth $as an Eg#'tian -od, son of the great *Olden -od+ )tah, $ho it has been
determined $as the Eg#'tian identit# of the 5unerian -od En?i, &hoth then correlates to Bingish@idda,
another son of En?i and brother to the Bab#lonian -od %ardu?. 5ince as $e have concluded above that
En?i is also the 6ebre$ -od Iah$eh, it also ma?es sense that Abraham $ould be aligned $ith this god as
$ell.

Huring his long career, the Tmight# 'rinceT H>ehut# held the $ide0ranging titles of Fing in Hamascus and
Befrus#, Overseer of )riests in %iddle Eg#'t, =icero# of Bubia .Ethio'ia1, -eneral of the Armies of Eg#'t,
Commissioner .Soverseer of a 'art of the northern foreign territor#S1, 5cribe, and Hirector of the &reasur#.
&he 'riestl# nature of H>ehut#, his international orientation, great $ealth and 'ro'ensit# for Trec?oningT
$ere certainl# the basis for the Biblical characteri@ation of Abraham.

%ormonism, a 9Christian: religion offers man# details of the life of Abraham not found else$here in the
Bible. 5ome scholars have flatl# stated that the source material used b# the %ormons is ta?en directl#
from the Eg#'tian Boo? of the Head.

Abraham in &thiopia

Abram, according to some traditions also traveled south to Ethio'iaD5heba to obtain more troo's
sometime during the ,ive Iear 'eriod he $as said to have been sta#ing in Eg#'t.
Abraham $ent on to the hill countr#, settling on the highest 'ea? near 6ebron, from $here he could see
in all directionsG and the 7ord said unto him/ !o, $ross the $ountry in the length and breadth of it, for
unto thee shall I gi+e it.

Evidence of this can be found in the Uemant and ,alasha traditions. &he Uemant are described as the
remnants of An$ient agan Canaanites and the ,alasha as *he Bla$- 0ews of %thiopia.
&he Uemant fol?loric tradition contains a narrative detailing the tri' that brought both the
,alasha and their o$n 9Canaanite: ancestors to the land of CushG the follo$ing is a short
summar# of an intervie$ $ith uluna arsha, the 2ambar, or 6igh )riest of the Uemant.
(.he founder of the 3emant religion was &alled Anayer' He &ame here to
Ethiopia so long ago' He &ame after seven years of famine, from his own
&ountry, whi&h was far away' As he traveled on the 4ourney, he met the
founder of the 5alasha religion, also traveling on the same 4ourney*
6as the ,ountr+ of their birth the same3 .;es- it )as the land of %anaan/
5imilar themes can be uncovered in the bible regarding the 9founder: of Judaism, the 6ebre$
'atriarch Abraham/
%enesis 6789,6: .hen Abram 4ourneyed, going on still toward the south'''there was
famine in the land'
%enesis 6;86 And Abram went up out of Egypt, he, and his wife, and all that
he had, and )ot with him, into the south'
AndG
23
%enesis 6<86; =ow Abram was living near the terebinth of amre the Amorite, a
brother of Es&hol and Aner all of whom were allied with Abram'
6ere $e have Abram traveling to the 9the south,: allied $ith a 9Canaanite: .the Amorites being
sons of Canaan1 called Aner 0 a name $hich bears a stri?ing similarit# to the name Ana#er of the
Uemant lore 0 and living near a terebinth or sacred groveG
%enesis 768;; And Abram planted a grove in Beer1sheba, and &alled there
on the name of the )>-?
It should be noted that the Uemant also venerate sacred groves, $hich the# call degegna.
Continuing in this line of thought there is also a genealog# of the sons of Abraham b# his second
$ife Feturah that includes...
8enesis !H:I 4okshan the father of 5heba...

If $e ta?e all of these cr#'tic similarities together, $e can safel# come to the conclusion that the $hildren
of the %thiopians are indeed as the children of Israel, children of Abram even, and that Abram through
his long forgotten $anderings founded a 9cultural exchange: if #ou $ill, that lasted long after his death.
Amos 98@ Are ye not as the &hildren of the Ethiopians unto e, > &hildren of Israel,
saith the )ord'
&he $ord, 9Falasha,: means 9stranger: or 9immigrant: in -e+e@, the classical ecclesiastical tongue of
Ethio'ia. In the ,alasha tradition it is said that the# can trace their ancestr# both through Abraham and
through %eneli?, the son of Fing 5olomon and the Uueen of 5heba.
(he Influen,e on the >uslims
In India, a tributar# of the river 5aras$athi is -haggar. Another tributar# of the same river is 6a?ra.
According to Je$ish traditions, 6agar $as 5arai+s maidservantG the %oslems sa# she $as an Eg#'tian
'rincess. Botice the similarities of -haggar, 6a?ra and 6agar.
&he Bible also states that Ishmael, son of 6agar, and his descendants lived in India.
8enesis !H:#J-#$ ....Ishmael breathed his last and died- and )as gathered to his
kin... (he+ d)elt from 1avilah (India'- b+ 5hur- )hi,h is ,lose to &g+pt- all
the )a+ to Asshur./
Another interesting fact is that the names of Isaac and Ishmael also seemingl# derive from 5ans?rit/
.6ebre$1 Ishaak O .5ans?rit1 Ishakhu O .Friend of 5hiva./ .6ebre$1 Ishmael O .5ans?rit1 Ish-
>ahal O .8reat 5hiva./
-enesis 2" mentions some descendants of Abraham+s concubine Fetura .Bote/ &he %oslems claim that
Fetura is another name of 6agar.1/ Jo?shanG +heba, HedanG E'her. 5ome descendants of Boah $ere
Jo?tan, 5heba, Hedan, and O'hir. &hese var#ing versions have caused a sus'icion that the $riters of the
Bible $ere tr#ing to unite several different branches of Judaism.
&here $as no 'art of the ancient $orld, that $asn+t influenced b# Abram+s religious vie$s. ,or exam'le,
Christians and Je$s have been led to believe that %ohammed co'ied his teachings from Je$ish sources.
(hile 'artiall# true this is not all.
24
&he truth is that in %ohammed+s time, Abraham+s theolog# $as the foundation stone of all religious sects.
All %ohammed did $as to 'urge them of idol $orshi' as he believed Abraham once did, his goal $as to
return his 'eo'le to the 9)rimordial Celigion:, the religion he believed Abraham belonged to, 6induismQ
&he Foran clearl# states that Abraham $as neither a Je$ nor a Christian, but a 9-od0see?er: .8, 301. 6e
has the status of being one of the earlier messengers of -od, together $ith Adam, %oses, Jesus and
others. According to %uslim theolog#, the message of Abraham $as the ver# same as %ohammad+s,
before it become corru'ted b# the Je$s.
Central in the Foran is the conflict bet$een Abraham and his father A@ar. A@ar $as an Idolater, and
Abraham turned a$a# from him, $hen he could not ma?e his father follo$ the message of -od .4,
<20<41.
One of the shrines in the Faaba .the holiest 'lace of $orshi' in the Islamic ,aith1 $as also dedicated to
the 6indu Creator -od, Brahma, $hich is $h# the illiterate 'ro'het of Islam claimed it $as dedicated to
Abraham. &he $ord 9Abraham: is none other than a mis'ronunciation of the $ord Brahma.
&he &em'le of %ecca $as founded b# a colon# of Brahmins from India. It $as a sacred 'lace before the
time of %ohammed and the# $ere 'ermitted to ma?e 'ilgrimages to it for several centuries after his time.
It+s great celebrit# as a sacred 'lace before the time of the 'ro'het cannot be doubted.
&he cit# of %ecca is said b# the Brahmins, on the authorit# of their old boo?s, to have been built
b# a colon# from IndiaG and its inhabitants from the earliest era have had a tradition that it $as
built b# Ishmael, the son of Agar. &his to$n, in the Indus language, $ould be called Ishmaelistan.
Before %ohammed+s time, &he 6induism of the Arab 'eo'les $as called &saba. &saba or 5aba 0 a
5ans?rit $ord, meaning Asse#bly of the !ods. &saba $as also called Isha0a#alam .5hiva+s &em'le1.
&he term %oslem or %oshe0a#alam .5hiva+s &em'le1 is >ust another name of 5abaism. &he $ord has no$
shrun? to Islam. %ohammed himself, being a member of the Uuar#aish famil#, $as at first a &sabaist.
&he &sabaists did regarded Abraham as an avatar or divinel# ordained teacher called Avather Brahmo
.Judge of the Knder$orld1.
(he Indian roots of the 5tar of Gavid
5tar of Gavid 0 the Je$ish emblem consists of t$o interloc?ing triangles, one 'ointing u', the other
do$n, $hich is a &rantic M&antricPN =edic s#mbol or 5hri ;antra.
&he 96eart Cha?ra: or the 95tar of Havid:
25
&he hexagram, also ?no$n, as the 95tar of Havid: is much older than JudaismQ As an archet#'al sign for
the sacred union of the o''osite energies, it is the 9#in0#ang: of $estern civili@ation. ,ormed b# the
intert$ining of the 9fire: and 9$ater: triangles .the male 9blade: and the female 9chalice:1 this s#mbol
re'resents the masculine and feminine 'rinci'les in 'erfect union, the 9sacred marriage: of the ancient
$orld. In India the s#mbol re'resents the 9cosmic dance: of 5hiva and 5ha?ti.
According to certain 6indu beliefs the 6eart Cha?ra is the middle cha?ra in a s#stem of seven. It
s#mboli@es the t$o 'olarities of body and spirit as inter'enetrating in 'erfect balance. &he u'$ard
'ointing triangle s#mboli@es matter rising into s'irit. &he do$n$ard triangle re'resents s'irit descending
into manifestation. &o full# o'en the heart cha?ra $e need to bring into balance the various as'ects of our
existence, such as male and female, light and shado$, mind and bod#, 'racticalit# and s'iritualit#.
&he six 'oints of the 5tar of Havid s#mboli@e -od+s rule over the universe in all six directions/ north,
south, east, $est, u' and do$n. It is also said to re'resent the six attributes of -od 0 'o$er, $isdom,
ma>est#, love, merc# and >ustice.
Also in the Fabbalah, the t$o triangles re'resent the dichotomies inherent in man/ good vs. evil, s'iritual
vs. 'h#sical, etc. &he t$o triangles ma# also re'resent the reci'rocal relationshi' that exists bet$een
'eo'le and -od. &he triangle 'ointing 9u': s#mboli@es our good deeds, $hich go u' to heaven, and then
activate a flo$ of goodness bac? do$n to the $orld, s#mboli@ed b# the triangle 'ointing do$n.
.ruth$s Avatar
)et the light of the .ruth burn the ignoran&e from your mind/

5igns used in the Dogo of the (ruth 5eekers &0plained

26


(+igns*, ho$ever, are not (+ymbols*' A 5ign 'oints in one, unmista?able direction through a
meaning authoritativel# invested in it b# its establisher. A s#mbol bears a built0in ambiguit#, and $ill be
inter'reted 'rett# much at $ill b# observers according to their o$n 'ersonal 'redilections, mindsets,
ex'eriences, etc.

Our Ca'tion, (Aiator Ab Aeritas* translated from 7atin means (2ayfarers in .ruth*' &his 'hrase
$as chosen for its double connotation of both 9&ruth 5ee?ers: and for those $ho are searching for the
9(a#:. It $as rendered in 7atin because )atin is Cool/


&he sna?e biting its o$n tail, the -ree?s called it the Ouroboros, $hich
means T&ail Eater.T &he Ouroboros is a sign of rene$al, infinit#, and the
Eternal Ceturn. In m#tholog#, the Ouroboros is an# image of a sna?e,
$orm, ser'ent, or dragon biting its o$n tail.

V -enerall# ta?ing on a circular form, the s#mbol is re'resentative of
man# broad conce'ts. &ime, life continuit#, com'letion, the re'etition of histor#, the self0sufficienc#
of nature and the rebirth of the earth can all be seen $ithin the circular boundaries of the Ouroboros.
V It a''ears in man# sha'es and forms in man# differing cultures throughout histor#. Hifferent
societies have sha'ed the Ouroboros to fit their o$n belief s#stems and 'ur'oses.
V &he image has been seen in Ja'an, India, utili@ed in -ree? alchemic texts, Euro'ean $oodcuts,
Bative American Indian tribes and even b# the A@tecs.
V It has, at times, been directl# associated to such var#ing s#mbols as the Coman god Janus, the
Oriental Iing Iang, and the Biblical ser'ent of the garden of Eden.

(e have chose the 9fallen0eight: version of the Ouroboros to 'rovide em'hasis on infinit#, the 9never
ending: c#cle and strategicall# 'laced it encircling the 9earthl# s#mbols: and inside the 9celestial
s#mbols:.
27


&he +unBoon sign $as chosen as a re'resentation of the 5umerian -odsD
-oddesses. &he 5umerians are currentl# credited as the first ?no$n civili@ation and
mostl# used Celestial 5#mbols to denote their -odsD-oddesses.

It+s 'osition in the to' left 'ortion of the Ouroboros denotes it as one of the oldest of
the Ancient religions and $hich through diffusion of ?no$ledge through time, all
other religions have ta?en their baselines from.
In the most Ancient $ritings to date the 5#mbol of a Cross is used to de'ict Bibiru, the 6ome )lanet of
the -ods.


&he Ankh, $ith its loo'ed to', is an ancient Eg#'tian hierogl#'hic that $hen translated
means life or life0giving 'o$er.
It is a sign found $idel# in Eg#'tian art, $here gods and goddesses are sho$n clutching the
An?h, the ?e# to the afterlife and immortalit#.

V &his s#mbol $as also ?no$n as the Fe# of the Bile, $hich 'rovided $ater for
Eg#'t to survive, thus further reinforcing the image of fertilit# and re'roduction.
V It s#mboli@es the abilit# for life to evolve and be successful, and reminds us that life on
earth is sim'l# one as'ect of creation, and that $e are all eternal beings.
V Additionall# this st#li@ed s#mbol of a cross $as also a s#mbol of the Beteru, the Eg#'tian
'antheon of gods, scholars are no$ convinced that the Eg#'tian -ods 'arallel the Indian and
5umerian gods and the s#mbol of the 9Cross: $as originall# the s#mbol for the )lanet of the
crossing, Bibiru home of the gods.

Its 'ositioning also denotes its relationshi' to India and 5umer and 'uts it on a relative timeline $ith the
Indus =alle# Civili@ation .6indu1 and the ,ar Eastern Civili@ations .China1.

&his 6indu >m +ign is actuall# a sacred s#llable re'resenting the Absolute & the
sour$e of all e/isten$e. &he source, in itself, is incom'rehensible so a s#mbol becomes
mandator# to hel' us reali@e the Kn?no$able.

V &he s#llable Om occurs even in English $ords having a similar meaning,
for instance, SomniscienceS, Somni'otentS, Somni'resentS. &hus Om is also used to signif# divinit#
and authorit#. Its similarit# $ith the 7atin S%S as also to the -ree? letter SOmegaS is discernable.
V Even the $ord SAmenS used b# Christians to conclude a 'ra#er seems to be a?in to Om.

Its inclusion in the center of the left 'ortion of the Ouroboros sim'l# denotes it as one of the 9Older:
religions. 6induism closel# ties in $ith the facts that have been left to us in the $ritings of the 5umerians
about the 'eriodic Earthl# catacl#sms and the 9re0birth: of the Earth, the Iugas or 9-reat Ages:.


&he CinBCang +ign re'resents all the o''osite 'rinci'les one finds in the universe. It
denotes that all 'henomena eventuall# changes into its o''osite in an eternal c#cle of
reversal.

V &he IinDIang $as derived from the I0Ching, a Chinese 'hiloso'hical $or?
combining the rules of the natural and celestial $orld $ith those of human
affairs.
28
V As $ith the Ouroboros the IinDIang re'resents time, life continuit#, com'letion, the
re'etition of histor#, the self0sufficienc# of nature and the rebirth of the earth can all be seen
$ithin the circular boundaries.

It $as selected not as a religious s#mbol but as a s#mbol of an ancient 'hiloso'h# that closel# ties in $ith
the facts that have been left to us in the $ritings of the Indians and the 5umerians about the 'eriodic
Earthl# catacl#sms and the 9re0birth: of the Earth.


&hough vilified in most 'arts of the $orld after (orld (ar II, the +wastika is actuall# a
sign of good luc? and 'ros'erit#.
&he $ord 95(A5&IFA: is derived from the 5ans?rit $ord/ 95=A5&IFA6:, $hich means
9Being ,ortunate:.
Almost ever# race, religion and continent honored the s$asti?a, 'ossibl# a 'erfect exam'le of the
universal s'read of a s#mbol thru the collective unconscious.

V &he American Indians, Chinese, 6indus, Buddhists, =i?ings, -ree?s, Comans, Celts,
Anglo05axons, %a#ans, A@tecs, )ersians, Christians, and Beolithic tribes have used it.
V &here are even Je$ish 5$asti?as found in ancient s#nagogues side0b#0side $ith the 5tar of
Havid .$hich is not too sur'rising considering that the 5tar of Havid $as originall# 6indu too1.
V &he 5$asti?a $as associated $ith the hammer of &hor, $hich returned to him li?e a
boomerang, the foot'rints of Buddha, the emblem of 5hiva, A'ollo, Ju'iter, and even Jesus
ChristQ
V &he 5$asti?a $as an earl# Christian s#mbol and is found in the catacombs in Come.
V 6indus and Buddhists to this da# still revere the 5$asti?a as a sacred sign.
V &he Jains ma?e the sign of the s$asti?a in the air similar to the $a# Christians ma?e the
sign of the cross.



&his Loroasterian Icon, the 5aravahar is a sign of the soul+s
'rogression through man# lives.
&he man s'ringing out of the central disc s#mboli@es the human
soul.

6is u''er hand is extended in a blessing, 'ointing
u'$ard to ?ee' us in mind of higher things.
&he head of the man reminds one of -od 0given free $ill.
&he ring held in the man+s hand s#mboli@es the c#cles of rebirths on this earth andDor in other
'lanes of realit#.
&he central circle, $hich as a circle has no end, s#mboli@es eternit#.
&he t$o $ings are the energies that hel' the soul to evolve and 'rogress.
&here are five la#ers of feathers in the $ings and these five la#ers signif# the five -atha h#mns of
the )ro'het, the five divisions of the Loroastrian da#, the five senses, and also five esoteric stages
that the soul must 'ass through on its $a# to -od.
&he t$o streamers extending out from the central disc s#mboli@e the t$o choices, or 'aths, that
face human beings/ the choice of good or the choice of evil.
&he tail is the 9rudder: of the soul, for balance bet$een the forces of -ood and Evil.
&here are three la#ers of feathers in the tail, $hich stand for the &hreefold )ath of -ood
&houghts, (ords, and Heeds.

29
Its inclusion above the 9ne$er: religious Icons denotes that the religions belo$ it $ere in 'art derived
from it.


&he 96eart Cha?ra: or the 95tar of Havid:

&he hexagram, also ?no$n as the 95tar of Havid: is much older than JudaismQ As an
archet#'al sign for the sacred union of the o''osite energies, it is the 9#in0#ang: of
$estern civili@ation. ,ormed b# the intert$ining of the TfireT and T$aterT triangles .the
male 9blade: and the female 9chalice:1 this s#mbol re'resents the masculine and feminine 'rinci'les in
'erfect union, the Tsacred marriageT of the ancient $orld. In India the s#mbol re'resents the 9cosmic
dance: of 5hiva and 5ha?ti.

V According to certain 6indu beliefs the 6eart Cha?ra is the middle cha?ra in a s#stem of
seven. It s#mboli@es the t$o 'olarities of bod# and s'irit as inter'enetrating in 'erfect balance.
&he u'$ard 'ointing triangle s#mboli@es matter rising into s'irit. &he do$n$ard triangle
re'resents s'irit descending into manifestation. &o full# o'en the heart cha?ra $e need to bring
into balance the various as'ects of our existence, such as male and female, light and shado$,
mind and bod#, 'racticalit# and s'iritualit#.
&he six 'oints of the 5tar of Havid s#mboli@e -odSs rule over the universe in all six directions/
north, south, east, $est, u' and do$n. It is also said to re'resent the six attributes of -od 0
'o$er, $isdom, ma>est#, love, merc# and >ustice.
Additionall# in the Fabbalah, the t$o triangles re'resent the dichotomies inherent in man/ good
vs. evil, s'iritual vs. 'h#sical, etc. &he t$o triangles ma# also re'resent the reci'rocal relationshi'
that exists bet$een 'eo'le and -od. &he triangle 'ointing Tu'T s#mboli@es our good deeds, $hich
go u' to heaven, and then activate a flo$ of goodness bac? do$n to the $orld, s#mboli@ed b# the
triangle 'ointing do$n.

&his 5#mbol $as chosen to re'resent the 6ebre$ Celigion but also as an exam'le ho$ certain 95acred:
s#mbols recur throughout time. Its 'osition belo$ the ,aravahar is to sho$ the relationshi' bet$een the
t$o religions. &he 6ebre$s in develo'ing their monotheistic religion borro$ed heavil# from Loroasterian
conce'ts.



&he Cross is included as 'art of our 97ogo: for three reasons.

1. . R It is the internationall# ?no$n s#mbol of Christianit#.
2. 2. R &he cross $as originall# a 5umerian s#mbol for the 'lanet of their
gods, the 9)lanet of the Crossing: Bibiru home of the -ods.
3. 8. R It 'rovides another exam'le of Fno$ledge Hiffusion, i.e., 6ebre$
dogma and beliefs being ado'ted and transformed.

&he celestial significance of it is as a re'resentation of the earth+s seasonsG each branch of the Christian
cross s#mboli@es a season.
V &he to'/ the shortest da# of the $inter solstice.
V &he bottom/ the longest da# of the summer solstice.
V &he t$o eAual arms/ the t$o eAual da#s of the fall and s'ring eAuinox.

Earl# Christian crosses $ere 9&: sha'ed re'resenting the 9&au: $hich stood for the god &ammu@.


&he Cres&ent oon and +tar sign $as chosen as the best ?no$n re'resentation of
the Celigion of Islam.

30
Originall# >ust a Crescent a''eared on the flag of the cit# of B#@antium .Constantino'le, modern
Istanbul1.
In 880 CE, Constantine rededicated the cit# to the =irgin %ar#, $hose star s#mbol $as added to the
'revious crescent.
%ahomet II first hoisted it on behalf of the %uslims after the ca'ture of Constantino'le in <"8.
%uslims have used it more and more ever since as a $a# to identif# themselves.
&hough in actualit# the %uslim faith does not have a s'ecificall# 9official: Icon of the religion as such.
Once again as $ith some of the other s#mbols it $as chosen for usage as #et another exam'le of the
9Hiffusion of Fno$ledge: behind the s'read of different $orld$ide religions stemming from India and
5umer.

&he 5tar added b# Constantine in the name of the =irgin %ar# $as a 'ublic relations stunt. 6istorians
and &heologians ?no$ that Constantine, though credited $ith the establishment of the (Holy -oman
Empire* did so for the sim'le reason that Christianit# $as causing the fall of the Coman Em'ire. In a
mentalit# of, if you $ant beat e# Ioin e#, Constantine re0united his failing Em'ire under the banner of
the ne$ religion.
Constantine $as still a dedicated believer in the 9Olden -ods: and though 'ublicl# 'roclaiming the
addition of the 5tar to the Crescent flag of Constantino'le in the name of 9%ar#: or the 9%other of -od:
he $as reall# dedicating it to the 9%other of All: BingalDBi?hal $ife of the %oon0-od 5in.

Fee' in %ind that $hen %ohammed 'reached to the %eccans he did not introduce a ne$ god, he onl#
'roclaimed that of their man# gods, Allah, $as the greatest and onl# god. &he %eccans, therefore could
not accuse %ohammed of 'reaching of a different god than the# ?ne$. 6e merel# demanded that the#
believe in one god, not man# as $ere acce'ted before. &here are man# $ho s'ea? of Allah as the %oon0
-od as re'resented b# the s#mbol of the crescent, the s#mbol of Islam. &he crescent moon is on mosAues
and minarets, is found on the flags of Islamic nations and the month of Camadan begins and ends the fast
$ith the a''earance of the crescent moon. In fact man# 5umerian %oon0-ods used the crescent moon as
a 'ersonal s#mbol.



A Dentagram is a common s#mbol mainl# used b# )agans and (iccans.
&he lo$er four 'oints of the star re'resent the four elements of Earth .fire, $ater,
air, and earth1 and the to' 'oint re'resents the 'resence of the %other -oddess
andDor the -reen %an .&he -reat -od1.
&he circle around the star states the unit# bet$een the five of them.
&his s#mbol is not to be confused $ith the 9Anti0'entagram: $hich is a common s#mbol used in
5atanism. .&he 2 'ointed u' 'entagram is )#thagorean and Eastern 5tar. It re'resents a 'entagonal
6ouse $ith " bla@ing angles surrounding it, the meanings are ver# Eastern, the " being the same as the "
Hharmas1.
&his s#mbol $as chosen for its goodness and 'urit#. &he )agan religions are a blend of $hat are
considered the best 'arts of the ancient religions.

&he Caduceus is incor'orated on the outside of the Ouroboros.
&his s#mbol also originated in 5umeria and $as often associated $ith En?iDEa.
According to 5umerian texts En?i $as the firstborn son of Anu, the 9Fing: of Bibiru.
31
En?i is 'ortra#ed as the co0creator .along $ith his half0sister Binhursag1 and advocate for humans.
En?i $as the 9-od: $ho $arned Ktna'ishtimDLiusudra .better ?no$n as Boah1 about the flood and gave
him directions to build a $atertight Ar? and told him to 'reserve the seeds of ever# living thing. (hich
ma?es more sense than bringing all animals &$o b# t$o into a s'ace that small.



&he Lodiac is incor'orated on the outside of the Ouroboros as a Celestial reference, and also to denote the
2",420 #ear c#cle of )recession.
&he Earth 'asses through the same s'ot in s'ace once ever# 2",420 #ears. &his time 'eriod can be called
the 9-reat Iear:.
&his of course $as information 'rovided to us b# India and 5umer along $ith the original Lodiac itself.




5end comments/ Com'liments or Criticisms to theseekerEtds'net
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