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Name: _______________________________________________ Date: __________

Choose the letter of the best answer.

____ 1. In the 1700s, the process of enclosure tended to increase

A. farming efficiency.
B. farmers' reliance on a single cash crop.
C. the use of the broadcast method of seeding.
D. the amount of common land available for grazing.
____ 2. How did the crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the agricultural revolution increase
crop yields?
A. by allowing more land to rest
B. by increasing nutrients in the soil
C. by ensuring that more of the seeds that were planted actually sprouted
D. by decreasing the amount of land used to grow nutrient-depleting crops
____ 3. All of the following were results of the agricultural revolution in Britain EXCEPT that
A. food prices decreased.
B. population increased.
C. the number of farmers increased.
D. the average size of farms increased.
____ 4. Which of the following was the first area to undergo major industrialization?
A. banking
B. railroads
C. coal mining
D. textile production
____ 5. By the late 1700s, the best place to find a water frame and a spinning mule was in
A. a barn.
B. a factory.
C. a farm house.
D. an urban home.
____ 6. An entrepreneur is a type of
A. scientist.
B. inventor.
C. business person.
D. personal secretary.
____ 7. Which of the following did NOT improve as an early result of the Industrial Revolution?
A. factory working conditions
B. the quality of clothing
C. the average person's diet
D. transportation
____ 8. Which of the follwing did NOT increase as an early result of the Industrial Revolution?
A. urbanization
B. the size of the middle class
C. the length of the average work day
D. the life expectancy of the average worker
____ 9. Which of the following did NOT improve as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
A. living conditions for the average worker
B. educational opportunities
C. preservation of the environment
D. affordability of consumer goods

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If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true.
__________ 10. In the United States, the Industrial Revolution began with the industrialization of the
railroad industry.
__________ 11. The country of Belgium led Europe in adopting the industrial technology of Britain.
__________ 12. The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars accelerated the process of
industrialization in Europe.
__________ 13. Being blockaded during the War of 1812 encouraged France to use its own resources to
develop independent industries.
__________ 14. A corporation is a type of business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are
not personally responsible for its debts.
__________ 15. In the 19th century, industrialization had the effect of closing the gap between
industrialized and non-industrialized countries.
__________ 16. Under the Meiji rulers, Turkey began to industrialize.

Choose the letter of the best answer.

____ 17. Who defended the free-market system of capitalism in the book, The Wealth of Nations?
A. Adam Smith
B. John Stuart Mill
C. Jeremy Bentham
D. William Wilberforce
____ 18. Utilitarianism held that government policies should promote
A. wars and epidemics to kill off excess people.
B. public ownership of the means of production.
C. the complete independence of each individual.
D. the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
____ 19. Nineteenth-century socialists argued that government should
A. leave the economy alone.
B. actively plan the economy.
C. destroy the economy.
D. allow the economy to be controlled by the bourgeoise.
____ 20. With which of the following is Karl Marx most closely associated?
A. socialism
B. communism
C. utilitarianism
D. trade unionism
____ 21. In the 19th century, collective bargaining was carried out between
A. government and unions.
B. employers and employees.
C. communists and capitalists.
D. political and financial leaders.
____ 22. When the trade union movement began in Britain, the strike was an illegal action taken against
A. child laborers by factory owners.
B. union workers by factory owners.
C. factory owners by union workers.
D. non-union workers by union workers.

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____ 23. What was the Industrial Revolution?
A. increased purchases of land by wealthy landowners to cultivate larger fields
B. increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th-century
C. a widespread use of teenagers as factory laborers who worked 14 hour days, 6 days a week
D. increased populations of urban areas during the 1800s
____ 24. Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution?
A. Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities.
B. Enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners.
C. Landowners experimented with new agricultural methods.
D. All of the above
____ 25. What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution?
A. land, labor, capital
B. government, military, colonies
C. raw materials, natural resources, man-made goods
D. road, railway, and water transport
____ 26. What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurrred in 19th-century Britain and
elsewhere in western Europe?
A. poor crop yields
B. industrialization
C. improved living conditions in cities
D. more efficient transportation systems
____ 27. How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class?
A. regarded highly
B. looked down upon
C. as equals
D. as outcasts
____ 28. What did Britain do in order to keep industrial secrets from the United States?
A. blockaded the United States from engaging in international trade
B. sent messengers with misleading information to the United States
C. forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country
D. charged impossible fees for the secrets to industrialization
____ 29. What was the benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation?
A. complete ownership of branch corporations
B. free goods produced by the corporation
C. not personally responsible for its debts
D. All of the above
____ 30. What is the laissez-faire policy?
A. a policy that allowed labor to set working conditions based on votes on issues relevant to their
industry
B. a policy where labor created a committee to set working standards without interference from
industry owners
C. a policy that taught owners of industry how to set working conditions based on government
standards
D. a policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government interference
____ 31. What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms?
A. unions
B. strikes
C. collective bargaining
D. utilitarianism

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____ 32. Which of the following is an example of a reform movement?
A. abolition of slavery
B. women's rights
C. public education
D. All of the above
Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)

____ 33. Which region of the country had the MOST miles of railroad track in 1890?
A. East Coast
B. Midwest
C. West
D. Pacific Coast
____ 34. Which of the following is a true comparison of the two maps?
A. The railroad system in 1840 was less developed than that in 1890.
B. The railroad system in 1890 has 205,334 more miles of track than that in 1840.
C. The railroad system in 1840 carried goods great distances but not as far as in 1890.
D. All of the above
____ 35. In which region were there no railroads in 1840?
A. West
B. Midwest
C. Northeast
D. Southeast

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____ 36. In which two directions did railroads transport goods and people in the West in 1890?
A. north and south
B. south and east
C. east and west
D. west and south
____ 37. Approximately how many miles of tracks were laid from northern Washington to the southernmost
point in California?
A. 2500
B. 1000
C. 550
D. 100
Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)

____ 38. Which of the following shows the cities ranked from smallest to largest in 1850?
A. London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Birmingham, Edinburgh
B. Edinburgh, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, London
C. Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, London, Edinburgh
D. Edinburgh, Liverpool, Birmingham, Glasgow, London
____ 39. Which of the following cities had about 320,000 people in 1850?
A. Birmingham
B. Liverpool
C. Glasgow
D. Edinburgh
____ 40. Which two cities had approximately the same population in 1800?
A. Birmingham and Liverpool
B. Edinburgh and Glasgow
C. Glasgow and Liverpool
D. Edinburgh and Birmingham

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____ 41. Which cities had fewer than 100,000 people in 1800?
A. Birmingham, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Glasgow
B. London, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Glasgow
C. Birmingham and Glasgow
D. Liverpool and Edinburgh
____ 42. Which of the smaller cities showed the MOST population growth between 1800 and 1850?
A. Birmingham
B. Liverpool
C. Edinburgh
D. Glasgow

Choose the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)

____ 43. In what way did the Agricultural Revolution pave the way for the Industrial Revolution?
A. It led to population growth.
B. It increased food supplies.
C. It caused farmers to lose land and seek other work.
D. All of the above
____ 44. How did Britain's economy affect the process of industrialization?
A. positively, by Britain's highly developed banking system, availability of loans, and climate of
progress
B. positively, by Britain allowing women and children to work long hours and grow wealthy
C. negatively, by Britain's decision to forbid engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers to leave the
country
D. negatively, by Britain's overseas expansion, which took jobs away from the British citizens
____ 45. What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods?
A. It enabled the mining industry to work more efficiently without the need for workers.
B. It allowed small ferries to monopolize the transport of raw materials through English canals.
C. It launched the railway age that brought the transportation of people and materials to a new
level.
D. All of the above
____ 46. How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?
A. It created technology to clean them.
B. It made them lose valuable sources of food.
C. It made the population grow faster than the housing supply.
D. It made the crime rate drop.
____ 47. Which of the following factors MOST contributed to the shorter life span of those living in cities as
opposed to those in the country?
A. long working hours
B. illness caused by unhealthy living conditions
C. inadequate housing
D. excessive garbage
____ 48. In what way did the new middle class change British society?
A. The power structure in London shifted from the city to the country.
B. The middle class became the new ruling class in society.
C. Aristocrats and wealthy landowners looked down on the middle class.
D. Some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society.
____ 49. Which of the following was a key idea in the free-market system?
A. protect the nation's industries from foreign competition
B. establish minimum wages and maximum working hours
C. give government complete control of the means of production
D. refuse to interfere in either domestic or international economic matters

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____ 50. Which factor played a major role in the industrialization of the United States?
A. end of the Civil War
B. Native American slaves
C. railroad expansion
D. All of the above
____ 51. Which of the following was NOT a legislative reform in the 1800s?
A. In England, it became illegal to hire children under the age of nine.
B. The Mines Act prevented women and children from working underground.
C. The Supreme Court of the United States objected to a federal child labor law.
D. The Supreme Court created social security to support retired workers.
____ 52. What did William Wilberforce fight for in the 1800s?
A. to establish public schools.
B. to limit the length of the workday.
C. to abolish child labor in factories.
D. to abolish slavery and the slave trade.
____ 53. How might small farmers of the agricultural revolution be compared to the working class of the
Industrial Revolution?
A. Both endured long working hours.
B. Both suffered job losses due to progress.
C. Both lived in climates of social restructuring.
D. All of the above
____ 54. What impact did technological advances have on industry?
A. Production of goods was increased.
B. Quality of products was decreased.
C. Number of factory workers decreased.
D. All of the above
____ 55. What was a benefit of the railroad in Britain?
A. It encouraged people to emigrate to other countries.
B. It eliminated hundreds of thousands of jobs.
C. It displaced England's agricultural and fishing industries.
D. It offered cheap transportation for materials and goods.
____ 56. Which of the following was NOT a positive aspect of industrialization?
A. It created jobs for workers.
B. It increased a nation's wealth.
C. It improved living conditions in cities.
D. It increased the production of goods.
____ 57. How did the War of 1812 help pave the way for the United States to industrialize?
A. The British blockade forced it to develop its own industries.
B. Materials left over from the war influenced new American inventions.
C. British prisoners from the war greatly increased the U.S. workforce.
D. Under the Treaty of Ghent, Britain assisted in U.S. industry.
____ 58. How did the Napoleonic wars and French Revolution impact the industrialization of Continental
Europe?
A. Trade was halted in many parts of Europe.
B. Communications between countries were interrupted.
C. Inflation was on the rise in some areas of Europe, disrupting the economy.
D. All of the above

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____ 59. How did the impact of worldwide industrialization effect the relationships between industrialized
nations and non-industrialized nations?
A. It was the driving force behind imperialism.
B. It weakened economic ties between nations.
C. Industrialized nations exploited their overseas colonies for slaves.
D. All of the above
____ 60. How did the philosophy of laissez-faire economics influence early industrialists?
A. with ideas of a free-market economy governed by natural laws, not government regulations
B. with ideas of an economy supported by tariffs on foreign goods
C. with ideas that the elite had a responsibility to give to charities
D. All of the above
____ 61. What were the long-term effects of Marx and Engels's The Communist Manifesto?
A. Working classes worldwide demanded a "dictatorship of the proletariat."
B. Marx and Engels's predictions proved correct as economic forces alone ruled society.
C. In the 1900s, Marxism inspired revolutionaries such as Russia's Lenin.
D. During 1848 and 1849 revolts shook Europe but were suppressed.
____ 62. Which of the following statements are true of socialism and communism?
A. Socialism and communism are two words for the same ideology.
B. Socialism and communism are two completely different and unrelated ideologies.
C. Communism is a form of complete socialism in which the people own all production and
property.
D. Communism gives control of a country to its people and socialism gives control of industry to
the people.

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Standards Summary
CA 10.2.5 Discuss how nationalism spread across Europe with Napoleon but
was repressed for a generation under the Congress of Vienna and
Concert of Europe until the Revolutions of 1848
CA 10.3.2 Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of
energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change
(e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney,
Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison).
CA 10.3.3 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and
growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution.
CA 10.3.4 Trace the evolution of work and labor, including the demise of the
slave trade and the effects of immigration, mining and manufacturing,
division of labor, and the union movement.
CA 10.3.5 Understand the connections among natural resources,
entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy.
CA 10.3.6 Analyze the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic
pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social
Democracy, Socialism, and Communism.
CA 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England,
France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.

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