Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He

believed that people possess a set of motivation systems
unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires.
Maslow (1943 stated that people are motivated to achieve
certain needs. !hen one need is ful"lled a person see#s to full"l
the ne$t one% and so on.
&he earliest and most widespread version of Maslow's (1943%
19'4 hierarchy of needs includes "ve motivational needs%
often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid.
&he ori(inal hierarchy of
needs "ve)sta(e model includes*
1. Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter,
warmth, sex, sleep.
2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law,
stability, freedom from fear.
. !o"e and belongingness needs - friendship, intimacy, a#ection
and lo"e, - from work group, family, friends, romantic
relationships.
$. %steem needs - achie"ement, mastery, independence, status,
dominance, prestige, self-respect, respect from others.
&. Self-'ctuali(ation needs - reali(ing personal potential, self-
ful)llment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.
&he e$panded hierarchy of needs*
+t is important to note that Maslow's (1943% 19'4 "ve sta(e
model has been e$panded to include cognitive and aesthetic
needs (Maslow% 19,-a and later transcendence needs (Maslow%
19,-b.
.han(es to the ori(inal "ve)sta(e model are hi(hli(hted and
include a seven)sta(e model and a ei(ht)sta(e model% both
developed durin( the 19/-'s and 19,-s.
1. Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter,
warmth, sex, sleep, etc.
2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law,
stability, etc.
. !o"e and belongingness needs - friendship, intimacy, a#ection
and lo"e, - from work group, family, friends, romantic
relationships.
$. %steem needs - self-esteem, achie"ement, mastery,
independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial
responsibility, etc.
&. *ogniti"e needs - knowledge, meaning, etc.
+. 'esthetic needs - appreciation and search for beauty, balance,
form, etc.
,. Self-'ctuali(ation needs - reali(ing personal potential, self-
ful)llment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.
-. .ranscendence needs - helping others to achie"e self
actualization.