SBVL-BK Hà N I

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
29/09/2011
BI GING
SC BN VT LIU
Ths. NGUYN DANH TRNG
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CC KHI NIM M U
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CC KHI NIM M U
3
Sc bn vt liu l khoa hc tnh ton k thut bn, cng,
n nh ca cc chi tit my, cc kt cu, cng trnh.
- bn: l kh nng ca kt cu chu c mt ti trng nht
nh m khng b ph hng trong mt thi gian c gi l tui
th ca kt cu.
- cng: l kh nng ca kt cu chng li tc ng ca lc
tc dng v mt bin dng. cng tc l bin dng ca kt
cu nm trong gii hn cho php.
- n nh: l kh nng ca kt cu bo ton c trng thi
cn bng ban u khi chu tc dng ca lc.
Nhim v ca mn hc nhm a ra tnh ton ti u m bo
kt cu chu lc bn, cng, n nh vi chi ph thp nht.
0.1. Nhim v ca mn hc
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i tng nghin cu ca mn hc l cc kt cu lm t vt
liu thc nh: st, thp, gang, g, b tng ct thp, gi l cc
vt rn thc.
Trong qu trnh chu lc, vt rn thc b bin dng v mn SBVL
c xt n bin dng ny.
Ch : Trong c hc l thuyt i tng nghim cu l vt rn
tuyt i, khng xt ti bin dng, m ch quan tm chuyn
ng, cn bng.
0.2. i tng nghin cu
CC KHI NIM M U
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- L thuyt kt hp vi thc nghim.
- M hnh ha: thnh cc chi tit khi, tm, thanh.
Gii hn mn hc ta s qtm ch yu ti chi tit dng thanh.
nh ngha v thanh:
Cho hnh phng F c tm O v mt ng (d) c di ln hn
nhiu kch thc hnh F.
hnh F dch chuyn dao cho tm O lun trt trn (d) v mt
phng (F) lun vung gc vi tip tuyn ca (d) ti O.
Hnh phng F qut ln c gi l thanh.
(d) c gi l trc ca thanh.
Hnh phng F c gi l tit din ( mt ct ngang) ca thanh.
Thanh thng ch c biu din bng ng trc.
0.3. Phng php nghin cu
CC KHI NIM M U
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- Vt liu c tnh lin tc, ng nht v ng hng.
Cho php ta xt trn mt phn t suy rng cho c vt th.
- Vt liu c tnh n hi tuyt i.
Tc l sau khi ngng lc tc dng, vt th tr v nguyn
trng thi ban u.
- Bin dng ca vt th c coi l b so kch thc n.
Tc l ta coi im t lc trc sau bin dng ko i.
0.4. Cc gi thuyt v vt liu
Nguyn l c lp tc dng
Mt vt th chu tc dng ca nhiu lc th cc i lng
(ng sut, bin dng,) bng tng cc i lng do tng
lc tc dng gy ra.
CC KHI NIM M U
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0.5. Khi nim chuyn v v bin dng
- thay i AB AB c gi l bin dng di.
c gi l bin dng di t i theo phng AB.
-Xt thm im C sao cho gc ABC vung ti A, sao bin dng
hiu hai gc ABC-ABC c gi l bin dng gc .
Xt vt th (T) chu lc:
Xt im A thuc (T). Sau khi vt th chu
lc, A A, di AA c gi l chuyn
v di.
-Xt on thng AB thuc (T). Sau khi vt
th chu lc, AB AB, gc to bi
(AB,AB) c gi l chuyn v gc.
' '
AB
A B AB
AB
c

=
CC KHI NIM M U
Chng 1
L THUYT NGOI LC & NI LC
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- Lc l i lc vc t c phng, chiu, ln v im t.
- Nu mt trong 4 i thng s trn thay i theo thi gian ta c
lc ng, tri li ta c lc tnh.
- Cc lc do mi trng bn ngoi (ti trng) hay do vt th
khc tc ng ln vt th ang xt (lc lin kt) c gi l
ngoi lc.
Phn loi:
- Lc tp trung (P) l lc tc dng ln vt th ti mt im. n
v l (N)
- Lc phn b (q) l lc tc dng ln vt th trn mt din tch
ln. n v l (N/m
2
). Trong bi ton phng ta xt lc phn
b theo chiu di, n v N/m.
- M men tp trung (M) l mmen tc dng ln vt th ti mt
im. n v l (Nm)
1.1. Khi nim v ngoi lc
L THUYT V NGOI LC & NI LC
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*) Gi ta di ng, lin kt n:
hn ch 1 bc t do, do vy pht sinh 1 phn
lc lin kt.
*) Gi ta c nh, lin kt i:
hn ch 2 bc t do, do vy pht sinh 2 phn
lc lin kt.
*) Ngm, mi hn:
Hn ch 3 bc t do, do vy pht sinh 3 phn
lc lc lin kt.
Thanh cn bng cn hn ch 3 bc t do
theo phng hp l.(>3 thanh CB siu tnh)
1.2. Cc loi lin kt
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1.2. Cc loi lin kt
*) Cc trng hp thanh cn bng c bn:
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xc nh phn lc lin kt ta coi thanh l rn tuyt i. Xt
cn bng thanh trong khng gian ta c 6 phng trnh:
1.3. Xc nh phn lc lin kt
0; 0; 0
0; 0; 0
X Y Z
X Y Z
F F F
M M M
= = =
= = =

Xt bi ton phng trong ta Oxy ch cn 3 phng trnh:
0; 0; 0
X Y Z
F F M = = =

Tin hnh gii cc h phng trnh cn bng trn ta tm c
phn lc lin kt.
Vi bi ton siu tnh ta cn tm thm cc phng trnh lin
h chuyn v c th xc nh c phn lc lin kt.
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Hy xc nh phn lc lin kt?
P
1
=qa
A
B
a
a a/2
P
2
=2qa
M=qa
2
C
q Y
A
Y
B
X
A
Cc phng trnh cn bng thanh:
Gii h phng trnh
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P=qa
A
B
Hnh 3
a
a a/2
q
P=2qa
A
B
Hnh 4
a
a a/2
2P
M=qa
2
M=qa
2
A
C
C
q P=qa
a a
Hnh 1
q
Hnh 2
2a 3a
q
q
M=qa
2
A
B
Hy xc nh phn lc lin kt cc trng hp sau?
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Xt vt th chu tc dng ca ca
ngoi lc.
Tng tng ct vt th lm 2
phn A v B.
Xt cn bng cho phn A:
Phn A c th cn bng vi cc
ngoi lc l do phn B tc dng ln
phn A mt h lc c gi l h
ni lc.
Xt im F quanh im M trn
mt ct c ni lc P ta c:
1.4. Khi nim ni lc, ng sut.
0
lim
F
P dP
p
F dF
A
A
= =
A

c gi l ng sut ti M
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1.4. Khi nim ni lc, ng sut.
, , i j k

Trong ta gi:
l ng sut php.
l cc ng sut tip.
ng sut tip c ch s u
ch phng php tuyn ca
mt ct, ch s th hai ch
phng song song ca ng
sut tip .
. . .
z zx zy
p k i j o t t = + +
Ta dng mt h trc ta Oxyz vi Oz vung gc vi mt ct

Gi l cc vc t n v tng ng trn cc trc
Ox,Oy,Oz.
Khi ng sut ti M c th c biu din nh sau:
,
zx zy
t t
z
o
| |
2
(

v =
Lc
chiu di
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1.5. Ni lc trong thanh
Xt mt thanh chu tc dng bi ngoi lc. xt ni lc trong
thanh ta ct thanh lm 2 phn A v B. Phn A c th cn bng
do h ni lc ca phn B tc ng ln.
H ni lc ny thu gn v tm mt ct c mt vc t lc
chnh R v mmen chnh M.
R chiu ln trc z c lc dc N
z
R chiu ln trc x, y c lc ct Q
x
v Q
y
Momen chnh chiu ln cc trc x, y
c gi l mmen un M
x
, M
y
,
mmen trn trc z c gi l
mmen xon M
z
.
*) Ch : Khi mt thanh ch yu chu un c gi l dm.
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- Mmen un M
x
v M
y
mang du
dng nu chng lm thanh cng
v pha dng ca cc trc x, y.
- Mmen xon M
z
mang du dng
nhn vo mt ct thy n quay theo
chiu kim ng h.
*) Quy c du cc thnh phn ni lc:
- Cc ni lc N
z
, Q
x
, Q
y
mang du dng khi chng gy ra
ng sut dng. C th khi php tuyn ngoi ca mt ct
cng chiu dng ca trc z th N
z
, Q
x
, Q
y
mang du dng
khi chng cng chiu dng ca trc z, x,y, v ngc li
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v ngc li th mang du m.
*) Quy c du cc thnh phn ni lc:
- Trong bi ton phng, vd khi ti trng tc dng trong mt
mt phng Oyz th ni lc ch gm 3 thnh phn N
z
, Q
y
, M
x,
vi du c quy c nh sau:
- N
z
dng khi hng ra ngoi mt ct
- Q
y
dng khi c chiu quay phn t ang xt on clockwise.
- M
x
dng khi lm cng th nm v pha dng ca trc y.
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1.6. Tng quan gia ni lc v ng sut trong thanh
; Q ; Q
; ; ( )
z z x zx y zy
F F F
x z y z z zx zy
F F F
N dF dF dF
M ydF M xdF M y x dF
o t t
o o t t
= = =
= = =
} } }
} } }
Ta c th ni rng, ni lc l lc phn b b mt vi cng
chnh l cc ng sut thnh phn tng ng. D ta c
th tnh ni lc nh sau:
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1.7. Biu ni lc trong thanh
*) nh ngha: Biu ni lc l ng biu din s bin
thin ca ni lc theo v tr ca mt ct trn thanh.
Biu din:
Honh l ng // trc thanh.
Tung l ln ca ni lc ti mt ct v tr tng ng.
Biu lc dc (N
z
) v lc ct (Q
y
) chiu dng ly pha trn
trc honh.
Biu mmen un (M
x
) ly chiu dng pha di.
70kN
50kN 80kN 20kN/m
3m 5m 2m
A
C
D
B
V d 1:
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70kN
50kN 80kN 20kN/m
3m 5m 2m
A C D B
80kN 20kN/m
z
50kN 80kN 20kN/m
5m 2m z
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3m 5m 2m
A C D B
(N
z
)
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V d 2:
3m 2m
A
C
B
P=150 (kN)
*) Xc nh phn lc lin kt:
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V d 2:
Y
B
Y
A
P=150 (kN)
Y
A
Y
A
z
P=150 (kN)
3m 2m
z
2m
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V d 2:
Y
B
Y
A
3m 2m
(Q
y
)
(M
x
)
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V d 3:
3m
A
B
q=50 (kN/m)
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V d 3:
Y
B
Y
A
Y
A
3m
z
q=50 (kN/m)
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V d 3:
(Q
y
)
(M
x
)
Y
B
Y
A
3m
q=50 (kN/m)
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V d 4:
3m 2m
A
C
B
M=150 (kNm)
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V d 4:
Y
B
Y
A
M=150 (kNm)
Y
A
Y
A
z
M=150 (kNm)
3m 2m
z
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V d 4:
Y
B
Y
A
3m 2m
(Q
y
)
(M
x
)
M=150 (kNm)
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V d 5:
*) Xc nh phn lc lin kt :
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Y
A
=
V d 5:
AC: CD:
DB:
p dng phng php mt ct:
Chia dm lm 3 on AC, CD, DB.
Y
B
=
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V d 5:
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1.8. Tng quan gia ni lc Q
y
, M
x
v lc phn b q
-Xt mt thanh chu lc trong mt phng Oyz. Cc ngoi lc
tc dng vung gc vi trc Oz(quy c du ca ngoi lc
hng ln l mang du dng). Tch ra mt on phn t
ca thanh nh hnh v.
-Xt CB phn t ta c:
( )
: Q Q Q 0
y y y
d qdz + + =
Q
=
y
d
q
dz
( )
( )
2
+Q 0
2
x x x y
dz
M M dM dz q + + =
M
Q
x
y
d
dz
=
B qua VCB bc cao
( )
2
2
dz
q
o hm ca mmen un l bng tr s
ca lc ct, v o hm ca lc ct th
bng cng ca lc phn b.
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1.9. Phng php v nhanh biu ni lc theo nhn xt
Tin hnh v i t tri qua phi
*) Biu lc ct Q
y
:
- Ti u c lc tp trung, th c bc nhy ng bng
ln lc tp trung, v chiu nhy theo chiu ca lc tp trung.
-Nu c lc phn b bc n th biu Q
y
l ng bc (n+1).
- Ti u c lc phn b i xung th biu Q
y
cng i xung v
ngc li. Lng i ln hay i xung ng bng din tch ca
lc phn b trn on (do =din tch lc phn b q).
Q
A
=
}
y
z
qdz
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*) Biu mmen un M
x
:
- Ti u c mmen trung th c bc nhy ng bng
ln ca mmen tp trung, Mmen tp trung lm cng th no th
biu nhy v pha .
- Nu c lc phn b bc n th biu M
x
l ng bc (n+2).
- Nu M
x
c dng ng cong th pha lm ca biu M
x
sao
cho n hng ly cc mi tn ca lc phn b q.
- Nhn biu lc ct, nu trn on ang xt lc ct dng th
biu M
x
ng bin (i xung v chiu dng ca M
x
ta chn
pha di) v ngc li nu lc ct m th biu i ln (nghch
bin). Lng bin thin ng bng din tch ca biu lc ct
trn ton on (do = din tch biu Qy).
Q
x
z
M dz =
}
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V d 5:
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V d 6:
*) Xc nh phn
lc lin kt :
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V d 7:
*) Xc nh phn
lc lin kt :
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V d 8:
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V d 9: V biu mmen dm tnh nh nhiu nhp.
P
k
=?
P
k
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P
k
P
k
=1,5kN
1,5kN
4,5kN
6kNm
1,5kNm
1,5kN
1,5kN
0,75kNm
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1,5kN 5,5kN
7kNm
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BI TP: V biu ni lc lc ct v mmen.
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L/b=? mmen gia dm =0
a=? mmen t min
- x=? lc ct max?
-x=? mmen max?
(P=10kN, d=2.4m,L=12m)
BI TP: V biu ni lc lc ct v mmen.
Chng 2
KO, NN NG TM
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- Mt thanh c gi l chu ko nn ng tm
nu trn mi mt ct ngang ca thanh ch c
thnh phn lc dc N
z
.
- Lc dc N
z
c th tm c thng qua
phng php mt ct.
KO, NN NG TM
- Trong thc t: cc x chng, ct in, thanh ging, dy
vng cu treo l cc trng hp chu ko nn ng tm.
2.1. nh ngha
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KO, NN NG TM
2.1. nh ngha
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2.2. ng sut trn mt ct ngang
KO, NN NG TM
khi ko
Gi thuyt v bin dng:
- Mt ct ngang: lun phng v vi trc thanh.
-Th dc: lun // trc thanh, ko chn p, tc dng ln nhau.
-Qu trnh bin dng tun theo nh lut Hooke:
- Quan st mu sau khi ko:
ng // trc vn // trc. k/c
gia chng khng i.
ng trc thanh vn
nhng khong cch thay i
*) Th nghim:
- Xt mt mu thanh chu ko
ng tm.
- Trc khi ko: vch ln mu cc
ng thng // v trc thanh.
z z
E o c =
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2.2. ng sut trn mt ct ngang
*) Cng thc tnh ng sut:
- Da trn gi thuyt v bin dng:
Gi thuyt v mcncc ng sut tip bng khng.
Gi thuyt v th dc
x
=
y
=0, ch cn
z
Theo cng thc lin h ni lc v ng sut ta c:
z z
F
N dF o =
}
Trong :
z
=E
z
= const trn ton mt ct F nn:
z
z z z z
F
N
N dF F
F
o o o = = =
}
KO, NN NG TM
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2.3. Bin dng thanh chu ko, nn ng tm
Thanh chiu di L chu ko (nn) s
dn ra (co li) mt on L c gi
l bin dng dc thanh.
*)Cng thc tnh bin dng L :
Ta c:
EF
z
z z
dz N
dz dz dz dz
dz E
o
c c
A
= A = = =
Trong E c gi l mun n hi hay hng s Young.
Tch EF c gi l cng chu ko, nn ca thanh.
Nu on c EF ko i:
EF
l l
N
L dz dz A = A =
} }
1
EF EF
l
z
L Ndz A = =
}
Din tch biu N
KO, NN NG TM
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2.3. Bin dng thanh chu ko, nn ng tm
H s c gi l
h s poisson tn
ca ngi tm ra n.
*) H s poisson:
Khi thanh b ko ng tm bi lc P theo
phng z, phng z b dn ra vi bin
dng t i l
z
th phng vung gc x,
y b bin dng co li vi bin dng t i:
x y z
c c c = =
H s poisson mt s vt liu:
thp
=0,25-0,33;
ng
=0,31-0,34;
cao su=
=0,47
KO, NN NG TM
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2.4. V d tnh thanh chu ko, nn ng tm
V d 1: Cho a=60cm, b=24cm, c=36cm. F=15cm
2
, E=200GPa
P
1
= 270kN, P
2
= 180kN, P
3
= 130kN,
Hi.
- ng sut trong thanh?
-
AD
=?
- P
3
thay i?
AD
=0.
KO, NN NG TM
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V d 2: Tnh S trong thanh v chuyn v ti A
F
1
F
2
KO, NN NG TM
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V d 3: Tnh S trong thanh v chuyn v ti A
F
1
F
2
KO, NN NG TM
L
1
L
3
L
2
B
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P
B
F
1
F
2
V d 4: Tnh chuyn v ti C?
KO, NN NG TM
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V d 5: Cho L=3m, F=3900mm
2
,E=200GPa
a) P= 650kN. Hi
B
=?
b) [P]= ?. Bit [
B
]=1,5mm.
KO, NN NG TM
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V d 6: Cho F
BE
=11,1mm
2
,F
CF
=9,28mm
2
, E=200GPa
Tm chuyn v ti A, D?
4kN
3,6kN
KO, NN NG TM
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V d 7: Tm chuyn v ti C, bit cng ca thanh l EF.
2.4. V d tnh thanh chu ko, nn ng tm siu tnh
KO, NN NG TM
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V d 8: Tm chuyn v ti u t do (thanh thp lng ko ma
st trong ng ng)
F
C
F
s
KO, NN NG TM
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V d 9:
KO, NN NG TM
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V d 10:
1in=2,54cm
1kip(k)=1000 pound(lb)
1lp=4,45 N
1psi=6890Pa(N/m
2
)
KO, NN NG TM
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2.5. Th nghim ko, nn vt liu
kim tra c tnh mt vt liu sau khi ch to tin hnh th
nghim. Th nghim ko, nn l nhng TN
o
n gin gip ta
xc nh gii hn ph hy ca vt liu.
Mu th nghim:
Ko: Nn:
Vt liu ni chung chia lm 2 nhm:
- Vt liu gin nh: gang, btng, gmb ph hy BD nh.
- Vt liu do nh: thp, nhm,b ph hy Bdng ln.
KO, NN NG TM
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2.5. Th nghim ko, nn vt liu
*) Mc ch th nghim:
- Xc nh kh nng chu lc.
- Xc nh kh nng chu bin dng.
- th quan h bin dng v lc.
- So snh c tnh gia cc vt liu khc nhau.
*) Ch :
Khi th nghim cn gia ti chm quan st
qu trnh bin i ca mu.
KO, NN NG TM
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2.5. Th nghim ko, nn vt liu.
*) Kt qu th nghim KO:
im A, B, D
cn quan tm.
A
=
tle
B
=
chy
D
=
bn
BD t i:
tht t i:
Ko VL DO
Chy
KO, NN NG TM
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*) Kt qu th nghim KO:
A, B cn quan tm.
A
=
tle ;
B
=
bn
Tuy vy do vt liu gi bin dng rt
t trc khi ph hy nn:
Kh pht hin c imA.
Gii hn bn VL gin kh b so vi
vt liu do.
Ko VL GIN
KO, NN NG TM
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*) Kt qu th nghim KO: Bin dng mu
VL GIN
VL DO
KO, NN NG TM
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*) Kt qu th nghim NN:
VL GIN
Nn VL DO
VL Do: vn c x c
tle
,
chy
nhng kh xc nh c gii hn
bn do VL do chu c bin dng
rt ln.
VL Gin: ta vn ch xc nh c
gii hn bn, nhng n ln hn
nhiu so vi gii hn bn khi ko.
KO, NN NG TM
29/09/2011 73
*) Kt lun:
- Vt liu do chu ko v nn u tt.
- Vt liu gin chu ko km hn VL do, nhng li chu nn tt.
Vt liu
E
(kN/cm
2
)

KO (kN/cm
2
) NN (kN/cm
2
)
(%)
chy

bn

chy

bn
Thp
CT3
2,1.10
4
0,240,3 24 3847 24 --- 2123
Gang
xm
(1,151,7).10
4
0,20,3 1229 1238 --- 50140 ---
B tng
(0,170,31).10
4
0,10,2 ---
0,025
0,175
--- 17 ---
Hp
kim
Titan
1,12.10
4
0,33 7080 8090 --- ---- 2215
KO, NN NG TM
29/09/2011 74
2.6. ng sut cho php H s an ton - iu kin bn
*) ng sut cho php []:
-VL do: ly
cho php
=[]=
chy
.
-VL gin: ly
cho php
=[]=
bn
.
*) Ktra iu kin bn:
-VL do:
-VL gin:
n >1 c gi l h s an ton.(sao cn n?).
n ln th an ton nhng tn km vt liu v ngc li.
KO, NN NG TM
29/09/2011
75
Chng 3
TRNG THI NG SUT
29/09/2011 76
3.1. Khi nim
TRNG THI NG SUT
- Vt th chu lc, ct mt mcn qua M, ti M c vc t ng sut
ton phn p
1
.
- Qua M c v s ct mt ct
khc nhau, ng vi mi mcn
ta cng c mt vc t ng
sut ti M.
- Tp hp cc vc t ng
sut ti M c gi l trng
thi ng sut ti M.
- Trong tp hp cc vc t
ng sut ti M, ch c 3 vc
t S trn 3 mcn c lp.
- nghin cu ng sut ti mt im ta xt phn t hnh hp
v cng b bao quanh im .
29/09/2011 77
3.1. Khi nim
- 3 vc t US c lp trn 3 mt ct vung gc vi nhau.
- Gn h trc Oxyz ln phn t.
T
c gi l ten-x ng sut.
Do phn t CB, M=0 nn ta c:
xy
=
yx
,
yz
=
zy
,
zx
=
xz
nh lut i ng ca ng sut tip.
- Chiu vc t US trn mi mt hnh
hp ln 3 trc ta c 3 thnh phn.
- 9 thnh phn trn biu din cho ta
TTUS ti mt im:
x yx zx
xy y zy
xz yz z

o
(
(
=
(
(

T
TRNG THI NG SUT
29/09/2011 78
3.2. Mt chnh Phng chnh - ng sut chnh
TRNG THI NG SUT
- Mt ct trn ch c S php c gi l mt chnh.
Khi ng sut ton phn p vung gc vi mcn.
u
=p
- Phng php tuyn ca mt chnh c gi l phng chnh.
- ng sut tng ng trn mt chnh c gi l ng sut chnh.
- Phn t ch c ng php trn cc mt c gi l phn t chnh.
Phng chnh
u
=p
u
29/09/2011 79
3.2. Mt chnh Phng chnh - ng sut chnh
TRNG THI NG SUT
- Ng ta chng minh c: ti 1 lun c 3 mt chnh vung gc
vi nhau. Trn c 3 S chnh k hiu l:
1
>
2
>
3
.
- Nu ch c 1 S chnh 0 ta gi l TTS N.
- Nu ch c 2 S chnh 0 ta gi l TTS PHNG.
- Nu tt c 3 S khc 0 ta gi l TTS KHI.
Phng chnh
u
=p
u
3
29/09/2011 80
3.3. Trng thi ng sut phng
TRNG THI NG SUT
- TTS phng c x bi 3 thng s
x
,
y
v
xy
=
yx
. T
ta c th x c ng sut trn mcn bt k(//z).
*) Quy c du:
-
x
,
y
mang du dng khi chiu hng ra ngoi phn t.
-
xy
=
yx
mang du dng khi n nm trn mt dng th
hng v chiu dng, nm trn mt m hng v chiu m
ca trc. Ngc li l m.
2
y
x
y
xy
yx
y
y
x
xy
yx
z
29/09/2011 81
TRNG THI NG SUT
y
y
x
xy
yx
u
*) X ng sut trn mcn bt k(//z).

Xt mcn c vct php tuyn u vi (u,x)=.
Ta s dng pp mt ct tm
u
v
uv
:
y
y
x
xy
yx
u
uv
uv yx
cos sin cos sin 0
u x
F F F F o u t u o u t u =
uv xy
sin os sin os 0
u y
F Fc F Fc o u t u o u t u + =
Xt phn t CB ta c:
X=0:
Y=0:
(1)
(2)
(1). os (2).sin ? ; (2). os (1).sin ? c c u u u u + = =
Trit tiu F,ch
xy
=
yx
ly:
v
29/09/2011 82
TRNG THI NG SUT
y
y
x
xy
yx
u
uv
2 2
xy
uv xy
cos sin sin 2
sin 2 os2
2
u x y
x y
c
o o u o u t u
o o
t u t u
= + +
= +
y
y
x
xy
yx
u
l CT x cho ta gtri ng sut trn mcn

bt k. c bit:
Khi =0
o
:
u
=
x
v
uv
=
uy
Khi =90
o
:
u
=
y
v
uv
=-
xy
Bin i pt trn ta c:
xy
uv xy
os2 sin 2
2 2
sin 2 os2
2
x y x y
u
x y
c
c
o o o o
o u t u
o o
t u t u
+
= + +
= +
v
29/09/2011 83
TRNG THI NG SUT
y
y
x
xy
yx
u
uv
y
y
x
xy
yx
u
Tnh gi tr ng sut php

v
?
Khi =+90
o
xy
os2 sin 2
2 2
x y x y
v
c
o o o o
o u t u
+
=
v
u v x y
o o o o + = +
Trong trng hp S phng tng S
php trn hai mcn vi nhau lun l
hng s v khng ph thuc gc
M ch ph thuc vo??
29/09/2011 84
TRNG THI NG SUT
y
y
x
xy
yx
u
uv
y
y
x
xy
yx
u
Tnh:
?
u
d
d
o
u
=
v
Trong S phng khi S php t cc
tr th l S chnh v bng:
xy uv
2 sin2 os2 2
2
x y
u
d
c
d
o o
o
u t u t
u

| |
= + =
|
\ .
xy
uv
2
0 0 2
u
x y
d
tg
d
o
t
o
t u
u o o
= = =
2
2
ax 1,2(3)
min
2 2
x y x y
m xy
o o o o
o o t
+
| |
= = +
|
\ .
ti gc:
xy
2
1
2
x y
actg
o
t
u
o o
| |
=
|
|
\ .
29/09/2011 85
TRNG THI NG SUT
y
y
x
xy
yx
u
uv
y
y
x
xy
yx
u
Tnh:
?
uv
d
d
t
u
=
v
Trong S phng S tip t cc tr
bng:
xy
os2 sin 2
2
x y
uv
d
c
d
o o
t
u t u
u

=
uv
xy
0 2 2
2
x y
d
tg cotg
d
t o
o o
t
u u
u t
= = =
2
2
1 2
ax
min
2 2
x y
m xy
o o
o o
t t
| |

= + =
|
\ .
ti gc: 45
o
t o
u u =
uv
29/09/2011 86
TRNG THI NG SUT
*) V d 1 : X S trn phn t khi quay gc 15
o
on clockwise.
29/09/2011 87
TRNG THI NG SUT
*) Vng trn Mo ng sut:
xy
uv xy
os2 sin 2
2 2
sin 2 os2
2
x y x y
u
x y
c
c
o o o o
o u t u
o o
t u t u
+
= + +
= +
2 2
2 2
2 2
x y x y
u uv uv
o o o o
o t t
+
| | | |
+ = +
| |
\ . \ .
pt c dng pt g trn trong h trc
(O
u
uv
) tm C bn knh R c gi
l vng trn Mo ng sut.
P(
y
,
xy
) c gi l im cc.
, 0
2
x y
C
o o +
| |
|
\ .
2
2
2
x y
uv
R
o o
t
| |
= +
|
\ .
29/09/2011 88
TRNG THI NG SUT
*) Vng trn Mo ng sut:
y
y
x
xy
yx
u
uv
y
v
x
uv
vu
u
A
B
D
D
2
x y
o o +
C
uv
u
x
o
u
o
xy
A P
uv
min
o
max
o
D
y
o
B
29/09/2011
GV:Nguyn Danh Tr-ng
89
20
C
uv
u
50
40
A
P(10,-40)
30
B
10
70
*) V d 2 : V vng
trn Mo S ca phn
t cho nh hnh v.
29/09/2011 90
TRNG THI NG SUT
y
y
x
xy
yx
*) Mt s trng hp TTS phng c bit:
- Trt thun ty (pure shear):
x
=
y
= 0
xy
uv xy
os2 sin 2
2 2
sin 2 os2
2
x y x y
u
x y
c
c
o o o o
o u t u
o o
t u t u
+
= + +
= +
xy
uv xy
sin 2
os2
u
c
o t u
t t u
=
=
uv
xy
ax xy
max xy
m
min
o t
t t
=
=
A
CO
P
45
o

1
2
29/09/2011 91
TRNG THI NG SUT
y
y
x
xy
yx
*) Mt s trng hp TTS phng c bit:
- Trt ng sut n :
xy
=
y
= 0
xy
uv xy
os2 sin 2
2 2
sin 2 os2
2
x y x y
u
x y
c
c
o o o o
o u t u
o o
t u t u
+
= + +
= +
( )
uv
1 os2
2
sin 2
2
x
u
x
c
o
o u
o
t u
= +
=
uv
u
ax x
x
max
2
m
min
o o
o
t
=
=
A C
P
1
=
x
O
2
x
o
max
45
o
max
x
29/09/2011 92
3.4. Quan h ng sut v bin dng
TRNG THI NG SUT
;
x x
x y z
E E
o o
c c c = = =
*) TTS n:
Hng s lin h gm posion v mun E.
( ) ( )
( )
1 1
;
;
x x y y y x
xy
z x y xy
E E
E G
c o o c o o
t
c o o
= =
= + =
*) TTS phng:
Hng s lin h gm posion v mun E, G.
Trong :
( )
2 1
E
G
=
+
29/09/2011 93
3.4. Quan h ng sut v bin dng
TRNG THI NG SUT
*) TTS trt thun ty:
Hng s lin h l mun trt G.
0 ;
xy
x y z xy
G
t
c c c = = = =
*) TTS khi:
Hng s lin h gm posion v mun E, G.
( )
( )
( )
1
1
1
c o u o o
c o u o o
c o u o o
(
= +
( = +
(
= +
x x y z
y y z x
z z x y
E
E
E
xy
xy
yz
yz
zx
zx
G
G
G
t
v
29/09/2011 94
3.5. Cc thuyt bn
TRNG THI NG SUT
*) Khi nim:
TTS n ktra bn ta lm:
VL do:
VL gin: v
Trong : cc [] d tm c qua TN ko nn n gin.
Vi TTS phng, khi ta kh xc nh c iu kin
bn do ng ta a ra cc thuyt bn l cc gi thit
v nguyn nhn gy ra s ph hy vt liu. T tm ra
ng sut tng ng c th kim tra bn.
29/09/2011 95
3.5. Cc thuyt bn
TRNG THI NG SUT
TB1: Thuyt bn S php ln nht ( STLN)
Nguyn nhn c bn gy ph hy vt liu l S php max
Hn ch: ko xt n
2
, ch ph hp TTS n.
| | | |
1 3
n
;
k o n
o o o o s s
TB2: Thuyt bn bin dng di tng i:
Nguyn nhn c bn gy ph hy vt liu l BD di tng i
max
Hn ch: ch ph hp VL gin, hin ti t dng.
TB3: Thuyt bn S tip ln nht:
Nguyn nhn c bn gy ph hy vt liu l S tip max
Hn ch: ko xt n
2
, ch ph hp vt liu do.
( ) | | ( ) | |
1 2 3 3 1 2
n
;
k o n
o o o o o o o o + s + s
| |
1 3
o o o s
29/09/2011 96
3.5. Cc thuyt bn
TRNG THI NG SUT
TB4: Thuyt bn th nng bin i hnh dng( TNBHD)
Nguyn nhn c bn gy ph hy vt liu l TNBHD
Hn ch: ch ph hp vt liu do.
| |
2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 1
o o o o o o o o o o + + s
TB5: Thuyt bn TTS ti hn Thuyt bn Mo:
Thuyt bn c xy dng t KQ th nghimv vng trn Mo
v ng bao gii hn min an ton Thuyt bn Mo
Hn ch: ko xt n
2
.
| |
| |
| |
1 3
n
k o
n
o
o o o
o
s
Chng 4
C TRNG HNH HC
MT CT NGANG
29/09/2011
97
29/09/2011
C TRNG HNH HC MT CT NGANG
98
Trng hp no d un hn?ti sao?
(a)
(b)
29/09/2011 99
4.1. Mmen tnh
i
o
F
S OM dF =
}
- M men tnh ca hnh F i vi trc Ox, Oy:

;
x y
F F
S ydF S xdF = =
} }
Th nguyn ca S l [chiu di]
3
. S c th >0,=0 hoc <0.
Nu trc x c S
x
=0 th trc x c gi l trc trung tm.
Nu im G c S
G
=0 th G c gi l trng tm.
Giao hai trc trung tm c l trng tm.
*) nh ngha:
- M men tnh ca hnh F i vi im O:
29/09/2011 100
4.1. Mmen tnh
*) Cng thc xc nh trng tm:
.
.
y
G
x G
y G
x
G
S
x
S y F
F
S x F
S
y
F
*) Cch x trng tm hnh c ghp t cc hnh n gin:
Bc 1: Chn mt h trc to ( bt k), sau tnh cc
mmen tnh ca tng hnh nh i vi h trc va chn, v
tnh din tch cc hnh nh.
Bc 2: Tnh ta trng tm G trong h trc ta va chn
theo cng thc sau:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
;
y i x i y x
G G
i i
S S S S
x y
F F F F

= = = =

29/09/2011 101
4.1. Mmen tnh
*) V d 1: xc nh trng tm.
- Chn h trc ta .
- Tnh mmen tnh S ca tng hnh.
Hnh vung:
y
x
1
1
x
y
S
S
1
2
a
a b=3a
Suy ra trng tm:
Tam gic:
F=2,5a
2
29/09/2011 102
4.1. Mmen tnh
*) V d 2: xc nh trng tm.
Hnh khot rng coi nh hnh
bnh thng vi din tch m.
x
1
2
a
a b=3a
3
a/2
y
29/09/2011 103
4.2. Mmen qun tnh
- Mmen qun tnh ca hnh F i vi trc
Ox, Oy:
- Mmen qun tnh ly tm i vi h trc Oxy:
*) nh ngha:
- Mmen qun tnh c cc ca hnh F i
vi im O:
=
}
2
p i
F
J r dF
2 2
;
x y
F F
J y dF J x dF = =
} }
xy
F
J xydF =
}
Nu J
xy
=0 th h trc Oxy c gi l h trc qt chnh.
Nu h trc qt chnh c gc OG th c gi l h trc qt chnh
trung tm.
29/09/2011 104
4.2. Mmen qun tnh
*) Tnh cht:
-Th nguyn ca J l [chiu di]
4
- J
p
, J
x
, J
y
lun >0. nhng J
xy
c th >0, =0, <0.
- Hnh c trc i xng th trc i xng cng vi mt trc
vung gc to nn h trc qun tnh chnh.
- Hnh c gm t nhiu hnh n gin th tnh J, S hnh ln
bng tng t cc hnh nh:
x
y
29/09/2011 105
4.3. Cng thc chuyn trc song song
= + +
= + +
= + + +
2
2
2
2
u x x
v y y
uv xy x y
J J bS a F
J J bS b F
J J aS bS abF
Nu h ban u oxy c gc oG trng tm:
= +
= +
= +
2
2
u x
v y
uv xy
J J a F
J J b F
J J abF
= + = + ;
u x v y
S S aF S S bF
u
v
29/09/2011 106
4.4. Cng thc xoay trc
os2 sin2
2 2
os2 sin2
2 2
sin2 os2
2
x y x y
u xy
x y x y
v xy
x y
uv xy
J J J J
J c J
J J J J
J c J
J J
J J c
o o
o o
o o
+
= +
= + +
= +
u
v

u=xcos +ysin
v=ycos -xsin
( )
( )

o o
o o
= = =
= = + = +
} }
} }
ycos -xsin os sin
xcos sin sin os
u x y
F F
v x y
F F
S vdF dF S c S
S udF y dF S S c
29/09/2011 107
4.5. c trng hnh hc mt s hnh n gin
*) Hnh ch nht:
= =
3 3
;
12 12
x y
ab ba
J J
*) Hnh trn:
t t
= =
4 4
2 32
P
R d
J
t t
= = =
4 4
4 64
x y
R d
J J
*) Hnh tam gic:
x
y
h
b
+ +
= =
3 3 3
( ) ( )
;
12 12
x y
a b h h a b
J J
a
29/09/2011 108
4.6. V d tm c trng hnh hc
x
y
2h
b
x
y
Tm mmen qt chnh trung tm J
X
, J
Y
?
(a)
(b)
29/09/2011 109
y
x
, J
y
?
0,5d
x
X
y
G
29/09/2011 110
x
, J
y
?
2b
b
b
h
h
h
y
x
X
y
G
29/09/2011 111
Chng 5
XON THUN TY
M
W( / )
/
z
P Nm s
M
rad s e
(
=
(

M
29/09/2011 112
- Xon thun ty l trng hp thanh chu lc m trn mi mt
ct ngang ca thanh ch c ni lc mmen xon M
z
.
- Quy c du: M
z
mang du dng khi nhn vo mt ct
ngang thy chiu M
z
quay cng chiu kim ng h.
- Xon thun ty xy ra khi thanh chu mmen hay ngu lc
nm trong mt phng vung gc vi trc thanh.
5.0. Khi nim Biu mmen xon.
M
M
z
>0
M
z
M
M
2
=P
2
.d
2
M
1
=P
1
.d
1
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011 113
*) Biu mmen xon: l ng biu din s bin thin ca
mmen xon theo v tr ca mt ct trn trc.
- Xc nh bng phng php mt ct.
*) V d 1:
Cho trc AE c th quay ko
ma st quanh A,E.
M
1
=275Nm, M
2
= 450 Nm,
M
3
=175 Nm.
V biu mmen xon?
M
1
M
2 M
3
Ti u A v E mmen bng bao nhiu?
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
114
M
z
M
z
M
z
(+)
275Nm
(-)
175Nm
A
B C D
E
M
1
=275Nm
*) Nhn xt:
-
-
-
-
M
1
=275Nm
M
1
=275Nm M
2
=450Nm
M
2
=450Nm
M
3
=175Nm
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
*) Biu mmen xon:
V d 2:
- Xc nh phn lc lin
kt ti ngm:
M
A
=
M
2
=500Nm
M
1
=200Nm
m=150 Nm/m
3a a=0,2 m
M
A
m=150 Nm/m
z
M
A
M
z
M
2
=500Nm
m=150 Nm/m
3a
z
M
A
M
z
115 XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
*) Biu mmen xon:
V d 2:
M
2
=500Nm
M
1
=200Nm
m=150 Nm/m
a a=0,2 m
M
A
=210 Nm
*) Nhn xt:
-
-
-
116
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
*) Biu mmen xon:
V d 3:
M
2
=300Nm
M
1
=500Nm
m=400 (Nm/m)
0,8
0,3m
M
A
=120 Nm
0,3
C1:Tnh plc lin kt M
A
ri v theo chiu
C2:V ngay t u t do
theo chiu s ko
cn tnh plc lin kt.
M
z
117
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
118
XON THUN TY THANH TRN
Ths.Nguyn Danh Tr-ng
29/09/2011 119
Mu th nghim:
Cc ng
dc trc
Cc ng
trn ngang trc
5.1.Th nghim xon thun ty thanh trn
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
120
Kp mu vo mm cp:
5.1. Th nghim xon thun ty thanh trn
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
121
So snh mu TRC th nghim:
V SAU th nghim:
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
122
M t qu trnh bin dng:
Gi thuyt
v bin dng
z
M
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
123
5.2. Gi thuyt v bin dng khi xon thanh trn
SAU
TRC
Gi thuyt v mt ct ngang: trc v sau khi chu xon mt
ct ngang lun trn, phng v vung gc vi trc ca thanh.
Khong cch gia chng khng i.
Gi thuyt v bn knh: trc v sau khi chu xon bn knh
ti mi mt ct ngang khng i.
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
124
M t qu trnh bin dng:
Cc ng
sut php
bng 0
z
M
5.3. ng sut khi thanh trn chu xon
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
125
z
M
Ch c ng
sut tip
khc 0
zt
t
zt
t
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
126
TTS ca t chu xon thun ty l TTS trt thun ty.
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
127
Hnh dng mu b ph hy khi chu xon ti hn:
Vt
liu
DO
Vt
liu
GIN
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
128
Tnh
dz
d
tg

= ~
dz
d
C
A
B
zt
t
zt
t
z
M
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
129
Tnh :
zt
t
.
zt
d
G G
dz
|
t = =
Mt khc:
. .
z zt
F F
d
M dF GdF
dz
|
t = =
} }
z
p
M d
dz GJ
|
=
Ta c:
z
p
M
J
t =
2
F
Gd
dF
dz
|
=
}
mmen qun
tnh c cc
ca mcn. (J
P
)
l bn knh
ti im cn
tnh S tip.
p
Gd
J
dz
|
=
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
130
*) Biu ng sut tip - ng sut tip ln nht:
t l thun vi v c phng vung gc vi bn knh.

z z
ax
M M
W
m R
P P
R
J
t t = = =
max
ti cc im nm trn chu vi (=R):
J
W
p
p
R
=
l mmen chng xon ca mcn.
4 4 4
4 4 4
3 4
3 4
(D -d ) D
J = = (1- ) 0.1D (1- )
32 32
J
D (1- )
W 0.2D (1- )
16
p
p
p
R
= = =
d
D
o =
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
131
Ta c:
z z
M M d
dz
P P
d dz
GJ GJ
= =
GJ
p
cng khi xon.
c n v l radian.
z
M
P
l
dz
GJ
=
}
z
M
P
l
GJ
=
Nu trn on thanh c GJ
p
v M
z
const th:
5.4. Bin dng ca thanh trn chu xon
Nu trn thanh gm nhiu on c GJ
p
v M
z
const th:
z
1
M
n
i
P
i
l
GJ
=
| |
=
|
\ .
Nxt: chnh l din tch biu M

z
/GJ
p
chiu xung trc z.
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
132
*) iu kin bn: ( ) | |
z
P
M
max = max
W
| |
s
|
\ .
Cch xc nh ng sut tip cho php:
- Theo th nghim:
- Theo thuyt bn STLN:
- Theo thuyt bn TNBHD:
| |
0
n
t
t =
| |
| |
2
o
t =
| |
| |
3
o
t =
5.5. iu kin bn v iu kin cng thanh trn chu xon
*) iu kin cng:
[] c n v l
radian/[chiu di].
( ) | |
z
P
M
max = max
GJ
u u
| |
s
|
\ .
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
133
*) Bi ton kim tra: Mi thng s cho, ktra bn, cng?
5.6. Cc dng bi ton c bn tnh thanh trn chu xon
( ) | | ( ) | |
z z
P P
M M
max = max ; max =max
W GJ
u u
| | | |
s s
| |
\ . \ .
*) Bi ton thit k: Tm thng s kch thc mcn?
*) Bi ton tm ti trng cho php: Bit vt liu, kch thc mcn.
| |
| |( )
| |
z z
3
P
1 4
max( M ) max( M )
W
0.2 1
D D
o
> > =
| |
| |( )
| |
z z
4
P
2 4
max( M ) max( M )
J
G
0.1 1
D D
G
u
u o
> > =
| | | | ( )
1 2
ax , D m D D >
Ta chn:
| | | |
| | | |
z P z
1
z P z
2
M W M
M GJ M u
s =
s =
| | | |
( )
z
1 2
M ax ,
z z
m M M s
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
134
*) V d 1: Trc ng knh d=30 mm, quay ko ma st quanh A,
E.Ti C c mmen dnT
2
= 450 Nm, ti B v D
cT
1
=275Nm and T
3
=175 Nm, chiu di L
BC
=500 mm
and L
CD
=400 mm, modun G = 80 GPa.
Determine
max
trn trc v gc xon tng i
BD
?
5.7. V d tnh thanh trn chu xon
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
135
*) Gii v d 1: tm
max
trn trc ta p dng cng thc:
( )
z
P
M
max = max
W
| |
|
\ .
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
136
*) V d 2: Trc ng knh d=50 mm. Cng sut ng c truyn
ti A l P
A
=50 kW, tn s f=10 Hz. Bnh rng B v C yu
cu cng sut P
B
=35 kWand P
C
=15 kW, (Cho G=80 Pa.)
Determine
max
trn trc v gc xon tng i
AC
?
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
137
*) V d 3: Cho trc bc (d
1
=30mm; d
2
=20mm) chu xon bi
mmen T
1
= 500 Nm, T
2
=200 Nm, chiu di L
1
=600 mm and
L
2
=400 mm, modun G = 80 GPa.
Determine
max
trn trc v gc xon
C
ti u t do C?
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
138
*) V d 4: Tm x gc xon ti u t do
3
= TL/GJ
P
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
139
*) V d 5: X gc xon ti C?
5.8. V d tnh thanh trn chu xon siu tnh
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
140
*) V d 6: Tm T
o
thanh bn. Bit []=43MPa.
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
141
*) V d 7:
-Tm a/L? ni lc M
z
trn hai on=nhau?
-Tm a/L? S tip ln
nht trn hai on=nhau?
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
142
*) V d 8: Tm gc xon ln nht trn trc.
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
143
*) V d 9: Tm x gc xon ti B,C t max? Tm max?
T
D
T
A
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
144
*) V d 10: Tm x? hai u ngm c mmen lin kt =nhau?
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
145
*) V d 11: X gc xon ti B?
XON THUN TY
29/09/2011
146
Chng 6
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 147
6.1. Khi nim chung
UN PHNG
- K/c t v tr ban u ca mi im trn trc ti v tr im
trn ng n hi c gi l chuyn v .
- Gc to bi tip tuyn ca g n hi vi ng nm ngang
c gi l gc xoay . Xt chuyn v b ta c: =y.
- Thanh ch yu chu un c gi l dm.
-Ti trng tc dng ln thanh, khin thanh b cong i, ta ni
thanh chu un.
- g biu din trc ca thanh khi chu un c gi l g n hi.
29/09/2011 148
6.1. Khi nim chung
-Ni lc xut hin trong dm tn ti c lc ct v mmen un.
Nu ch tn ti mmen un ta gi dm chu un thun ty.
- Trong chng ny ta ch quan tm ti dm c mt phng i
xng(Oyz) v cc ti trng tc ng ln dm u thuc mp i
xng Oyz th khi ta gi l dm chu un ngang phng.
Mt phng i xng cha ti trng khi c gi l mp ti trng.
z
x
y
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 149
6.2. Un thun ty
-Ni lc xut hin trong dm ch tn ti mmen un ta ni dm
chu un thun ty.
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 150
6.2. Un thun ty
Gi thuyt v bin dng:
- Mt ct ngang: lun phng v vi trc thanh.
- Th dc: lun // trc thanh, ko chn p v ko tch xa nhau.
Cc gc vung trc sau bin dng vn vung.
- Quan st mu sau khi un:
ng // trc tr thnh ng
cong vn cng // trc. k/c gia
chng khng i.
ng trc thanh vn .
*) Th nghim:
- Xt mt mu thanh chu un
thun ty.
- Trc khi un: vch ln mu cc
ng thng // v trc thanh.
M M
UN
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 151
6.2. Un thun ty
*) Quan h bin dng:
- Quan st mu ta thy c cc th
co li, c th gin ra, danh gii
gia hai vng l mt th ko b
bin dng th trung ha.
- Giao tuyn th trung ha vi mcn
c gi l ng trung ha.
- Gi thit bin dng b, ta coi cc
mcn vn phng.
- Vy ta c th tng tng un
thun ty lm quay cc mcn quanh
ng trung ha.
M M
UN
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 152
6.2. Un thun ty
*) Quan h bin dng:
- Xt phn t to bi 2 mcn (mn-pq)
sau khi chu un thun ty, chng to
vi nhau gc d, bn knh cong ta
c:
d=dz
- Xt th e-f c tung y so vi trc
trung ha. sau bin dng:
( )
e'f' e'f' = = = +
SauBD
dz d y d
( )

c

+
= =
z
y d d
y
d
c
=
z
y
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 153
6.2. Un thun ty
*) ng sut dm chu un thun ty:
- T gi thuyt rt ra t th nghim:
Cc gc vung sau BD vn vung suy
ra khng tn ti ng sut tip.
Cc th tuy b cong nhng vn gi k/c
ko i vi nhau
y
=0.
Ch cn li
z
0 TTS phn t chu
un thun ty l TTS n.
*) Tm
z
. Ta c:
2
x z z x
F F F
E E
M y dF E ydF y dF J o c

= = = =
} } }
o c

| |
= = = =
|
\ .
1
x x
z z
x x
M M
y
E E E y
EJ EJ
o =
x
z
x
M
y
J
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 154
6.2. Un thun ty
*) ng sut dm chu un thun ty:
o =
x
z
x
M
y
J
Trong :
M
x
l mmen un, quy c du + khi lm cng th
dng v ngc li.
y l tung ca im ang xt ti trc trung ha.
J
x
l mmen qtnh ca mcn vi trc trung ha Ox.
*) ng sut ln nht trn mcn:
Ta nhn thy
z
l ng bc nht theo y.
z
t min, max ti im xa trc trung ha nht.
o o = = = =
min ax max ax
;
W W
n k
x x x x
m m n k
x x
x x
M M M M
y y
J J
min
max
ax
n
m
y
ax
k
m
y
=
ax
W
m
x
x
y
J
c gi l mmen chng un ca mcn.
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 155
6.2. Un thun ty
*) Mmen qtnh v mmen chng un ca mt s mcn:
x
d
D
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 156
6.2. Un thun ty
*) V tr ng trung ha:
ng trung ha ti
z
=0. Ta c:
o = = = =
= =
} } }
}
0
0
x x
z z
F F F x x
x
F
M M
N dF ydF ydF
J J
ydF S
UN PHNG
ng trung ha i qua trng tm ca mcn.
29/09/2011 157
6.2. Un thun ty
*) Kim tra bn:
VL do:
VL gin:
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 158
6.2. Un thun ty
UN PHNG
*) Mt ct ngang tit kim vt liu:
Da trn cng thc ng sut dm chu un cc im cng
xa ng trung ha th chu ng sut cng ln.
T y ngi ta thy vi cng lng vt liu, nn a chng
ra xa ng trung ha c hiu qu tt nht.
Vt liu gin Vt liu do
29/09/2011 159
6.3. Un ngang phng
- Ni lc xut hin trong dm bao gm c lc ct Q
y
v mmen
un M
x
ta ni dm chu un ngang phng.
- Lc ny ngoi S php:
Cn c thm c ng sut tip.
Tm ng sut tip bng cch xt phn t chiu di dz.
o =
x
z
x
M
y
J
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 160
6.3. Un ngang phng
dz
Q+dQ
Q
dz
dz
o = =
} } 1 1
x
z
F F x
M
F dF ydF
J
t =
3
. . F bdz
Phn t CB F
3
= F
2
- F
1
o
+
= =
} } 2 2
x x
z
F F x
M dM
F dF ydF
J
UN PHNG
- Xt phn t theo phng ngang ta c cc lc:
29/09/2011 161
6.3. Un ngang phng
Ta c:
t
t
= = =
= =
}
} }
3 2 1
. .
. . .
x
F x
y
x
F F x x
dM
F b dz F F ydF
J
Q
dM
ydF ydF
dz b J b J
t =
.
y
x
Q S
J b
Trong :
Q l lc ct trn mcn.
S l mmen tnh ca din tch ct,
b l chiu di ct.
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 162
6.3. Un ngang phng
*) ng sut tip trn mcn hnh ch nht:
6Q
t
| |
=
|
\ .
2
2
3
h
-y
4
bh
y
3Q
t =
ax
2F
y
m
( )
Q
t =
2 2
3
y
x
r y
J
*) ng sut tip trn mcn hnh trn:
4Q
t =
ax
3F
y
m
4Q
t
| |
+ +
=
|
|
+
\ .
2 2
1 1 2 2
ax
2 2
1 2
3F
y
m
r r r r
r r
*) M rng cho hnh vnh khn:
r
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 163
6.3. Un ngang phng
*) ng sut tip trn mcn hnh ch I :
- Phn lng hp:
- Phn chn :
( )
Q
2
0, 5 .
J
y x
zy
x
S d y
d
t

=
( )
Q
t

=
2J
y
zx
x
h t
x
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 164
6.3. Un ngang phng
*) Kim tra bn dm chu un ngang phng :
UN PHNG
.N
.K
.B
- Ti K, N: TTUS n:
min
[]
n
;
max
[]
k
;
- Ti O: TTUS trt thun ty: []
- Ti B: TTUS phng c bit. p dng cc thuyt bn:
o t o
(
+ s

USTLN
2 2
: 4 o t o
(
+ s

TNBH : D
2 2
3
o
t
(

(
s

USTLN:
2
o
t
(

(
s

TNBHD:
3
29/09/2011
165
V d 1: Tm
max
,
max
?
Bit dm mcn trn, d=7cm.
UN PHNG
d=7cm
6.3. Un ngang phng
29/09/2011 166
6.3. Un ngang phng
*) V d 2: Tm
max
,
max
trong dm:
q=5,8 (kN/m)
L=4 (m)
b=140 (mm)
h=240 (mm)
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 167
*) V d 3: Tm
max
?
UN PHNG
D=7cm
d=6cm
6.3. Un ngang phng
29/09/2011 168
*) V d 4: Cho []=110 Mpa. Hi d=? hoc a=? dm bn.
B qua nh hng ca lc ct.
UN PHNG
d a
6.3. Un ngang phng
29/09/2011 169
*) V d 5: Khung ABCD c mcn trn ng knh d. Chu lc
P=40N. Hi d=? khung bn.
Cho []=30 Mpa. b= 37 mm
UN PHNG
6.3. Un ngang phng
29/09/2011 170
*) V d 6: Dm AB chiu di L=450mm. Chu lc P=400N. Hi
d=? dm bn.
Cho []=60 Mpa.
UN PHNG
6.3. Un ngang phng
29/09/2011 171
*) V d 7: Cho L=3,6(m), P=6(kN). Tm [b]?
a) Theo []=8,2 Mpa.
b) Theo []=0,7 Mpa.
UN PHNG
6.3. Un ngang phng
29/09/2011 172
UN PHNG
*) V d 8: Cho []=7,5 Mpa. Tm [q]=? B qua a/h ca lc ct.
L=915 mm; t=22 mm; b=305 mm
BC=0,4L.
6.3. Un ngang phng
29/09/2011 173
6.3. Un ngang phng
UN PHNG
*) V d 9: Tm
max
ko, nn trong dm:
P=6,2 (kN), L=3,2 (m), d=1,25 (m)
b=80 (mm), t= 25 (mm)
h=120 (mm), h
1
=90 (mm)
29/09/2011 174
6.4. Chuyn v ca dm chu un
*) Phng trnh vi phn ca ng n hi :
Ta c:
Theo hnh hc vi phn ta c:
B qua VCB bc cao ta c:
=
1
x
x
M
EJ
( )
''
3/2
'2
1
1
y
y
=
+
''
x
x
M
y
EJ
=
Ta thy y lun ngc
du so vi M
x
nn suy ra:
=
''
x
x
M
y
EJ
y
z
M
x
>0
y <0
M
x
<0
y >0
l ptvp g n hi.
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 175
*) Mt s phng php xc nh ptvp ng n hi :
- Phng php tch phn khng nh hn.
- Phng php thng s ban u.
- Phng php hm gin on.
- Phng php vn nng.
- Phng php mmen din tch.
- Phng php dm gi to.
- Phng php nhn biu v-r-sa-ghin.
- Phng php nng lng.
-
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 176
*) Phng php tch phn khng nh hn:
T ptvp g n hi ta c:
= = +
}
'' '
x x
x x
M M
y y dz C
EJ EJ
= = +
| |
= + +
|
|
\ .
}
} }
'
x
x
x
x
M
y dz C
EJ
M
y dz C dz D
EJ
Cc hng s C, D c x thng qua iu kin bin.
- Ngm: chuyn v, gc xoay bng 0.
- Gi ta: chuyn v bng khng, gc xoay KHC 0.
Kt lun: Tm biu thc M
x
tnh tch phn da trn k bin.
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 177
*) Phng php tch phn khng nh hn:
V d 1: Tm vng, gc xoay ti u B
Gc xoay:
Mmen un:
Ptvp g n hi:
vng:
K bin
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 178
3 on 4 on
-Mi on s khc nhau mt biu thc y(z):
y
n+1
(z)= y
n
(z)+y(z)
Khai trin Taylor ca y(z):
' '' '''
2 3
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ...
1! 2! 3!
y a y a y a
y z y a z a z a z a
A A A
A = A + + + +
*) Phng php thng s ban u:
Ni dung ca p
2
l xy dng pt g n hi trn tng ON.
Mi on c cng EJ=const, cng quy lut chu lc.
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 179
Trong :
y(a), y(a) l bc nhy ca vng, gc xoay ti z=a.
( Dm thng thng l lin tc nn y(a)= y(a)=0) ).
+
+ +
A =
''
1
1 1
( ) ( )
( )
n n
n n n n
M a M a
y a
E J E J
+
+ +
A =
'''
1
1 1
( ) ( )
( )
n n
n n n n
Q a Q a
y a
E J E J
+
+ +
A =
(4)
1
1 1
( ) ( )
( )
n n
n n n n
q a q a
y a
E J E J
+
+ +
A =
' '
(5)
1
1 1
( ) ( )
( )
n n
n n n n
q a q a
y a
E J E J
+
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + +
(
= + A + A + +
(
(

( (
+ + +
( (
( (

' 2
1
1
1 1
3 4
1 1
1 1 1 1
( ) ( )
1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2!
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
( ) ( ) ...
3! 4!
n n
n n a a
n n n n
n n n n
n n n n n n n n
M a M a
y z y z y y z a z a
E J E J
Q a Q a q a q a
z a z a
E J E J E J E J
Thay vo ta c:
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 180
Vi:
Trong : c gi l thng s ban u.
c bit vi dm c EJ khng i:
Trong : M, Q, q, q l bc nhy ti mcn ang st.
Ch : lc hng ln l dng, mmen clockwise l dng.
Kt lun: Chia on xc nh thng s ti u mi on.
p dng cng thc.
( ( ( (
= + + + + + +
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

'
' 2 3 4 5
0 0 0 0
1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
( ) ...
2! 3! 4! 5!
M Q q q
y z y y z z z z z
E J E J E J E J
' '
0 0 0 0 0 0
, , , , , y y M Q q q
+ + +
+
A A A
= + A + A +
' 2 3 4
1 1 1
1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ...
EJ.2! EJ.3! EJ.4!
n n n
n n a a
M Q q
y z y z y y z a z a z a z a
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 181
V d 2: Tm vng, gc xoay ti u B.
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 182
on 1 (z=0) on 2 (z=2) on 3 (z=3)
V d 3:Tm vng,gc xoay ti u B.
Thng s ban u cc on:
UN PHNG
=
1
( ) y z
=
2
( ) y z
=
3
( ) y z
29/09/2011 183
V d 3:
UN PHNG
=
3
( ) y z
29/09/2011 184
*) Phng php hmgin on:
Mc tiu ca pp l xy dng biu thc mmen un M
x
cho ton
dm. Da trn hm gin on:
T y ta c th:
Xy dng mt hm duy nht cho ton dm.
D dng tm c biu thc mmen un M
x
t vic tnh tch
phn t biu thc q(z).(Hn ch ca pp tch phn ko nh hn)
Ch cn tnh tch phn hai ln tm vng.
Nhc im: ch p dng cho dm vi EJ khng i.
Ch : lc hng ln mang du dng, mmen clockwise
mang du dng. Ngc li mang du m.
( )
>
=

s
0
n
n
z a khi z a
z a
khi z a
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 185
*) Phng php hm gin on:
UN PHNG
Xy dng mt hm duy nht cho ton dm:
( ) q z q =
2m 3m 1m
0
( ) 2 q z q z =
2m 3m 1m
q
q
29/09/2011 186
UN PHNG
0 0
( ) 0 2 q z q z q z = +
2m 3m 1m
q
0 0 0
1 1 2
( ) 0 2 5 q z q z q z q z = +
2m 3m 1m
q
1
q
2
29/09/2011 187
UN PHNG
3m 2m
A
C
B
P=150 (kN)
Y
A
=90
Y
B
=60
90
y
Q =
60
y
Q =
29/09/2011 188
UN PHNG
3m 2m
A
C
B
P=150 (kN)
Y
A
=90
Y
B
=60
90 M z =
300 60 M z =
29/09/2011 189
UN PHNG
Tm biu thc M
x
(z):
- Tm biu thc q(z) trn ton dm.
- Tch phn q(z) cng vi lc tp trung cho ra Q
y
(z).
- Tch phn Q
y
(z) cng vi mmen tp trung cho ra M
x
(z).
q
P
A
B
a
a a/2
M
C
Y
A
Y
B
0
( ) 2 q z q z a =
1
( ) 2
y
Q z q z a =
0
0
A
Y z +
0
P z a
0
2
B
Y z a +
2
( ) 2
2
x
q
M z z a =
1
0
A
Y z +
1
P z a
1
2
B
Y z a +
0
M z a +
29/09/2011 190
V d 4: Tm y(z),(z) ?
UN PHNG
Y
A
Y
B
29/09/2011 191
Gii v d 4:
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 192
*) Phng php dm gi to:
Da trn mqh gia vng, gc xoay v mmen un:
UN PHNG
= = =
''
;
x
x
M
d dy
y
dz EJ dz
= = ;
y
x
y
dQ
dM
q Q
dz dz
T y ngi ta a ra tng, nu to ngoi lc gi to:
v mqh gia ni lc v lc phn b:
= = = ;
x
gt gt gt
x
M
q Q y M
EJ
Lin kt ca dm gi to c x thng qua iu kin bin.
Nh vy ta c th p dng phng php mt ct quen thuc
tm vng, gc xoay ca dm.
29/09/2011 193
Mt s lin kt trong dm gi to suy ra t K bin (dm thc)
UN PHNG
y=0
0
y=0
0
M
gt
=0
Q
gt
0
M
gt
=0
Q
gt
0
y=0
0
y=0
0
y 0
0
M
gt
=0
Q
gt
0
M
gt
=0
Q
gt
0
M
gt
0
Q
gt
0
y = 0
=0
y 0
0
M
gt
0
Q
gt
0
M
gt
=0
Q
gt
=0
y 0
0
y=0
0
y=0
0
y 0
0
M
gt
=0
Q
gt
0
M
gt
=0
Q
gt
0
M
gt
0
Q
gt
0
M
gt
0
Q
gt
0
29/09/2011 194
UN PHNG
V d 5: Tm vng, gc xoay ti u t do ca dmAB.
Mun tm vng gc xoay ti u
ta ct mt ct ti ri tm ni lc
Q
gt
, M
gt
.
z
29/09/2011 195
UN PHNG
Nhc im: ch c li th khi biu mmen M
x
d tnh din
tch v tm tng tm.
Din tch, trng tm mt s hnh n gin:
2b/3
2h/3
29/09/2011 196
*) V d 1 :
a/L=? y
B
=0
UN PHNG
6.5. V d tnh chuyn v ca dm chu un
29/09/2011 197
*) V d 2:
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 198
*) V d 3 : Tm chuyn v ti gia dm.
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 199
UN PHNG
*) V d 4: tm chuyn v ti C?
Bit thanh AD c EF=900kN, dmAC c EJ=75kNm
2
.
29/09/2011 200
UN PHNG
*) V d 5: tm chuyn v ti C?
29/09/2011 201
*) V d 6: tm chuyn v ti D? gc xoay ti B
UN PHNG
29/09/2011 202
UN PHNG
6.6. Dm siu tnh chu un
Quy tc chung gii bi ton dm siu tnh chu un.
- Loi b lin kt tha, thay bng lc lin kt (n).
- Tnh ton nh bnh thng.
- p iu kin bin dng tm n lc lin kt.
29/09/2011 203
UN PHNG
V d 1: V biu ni lc Q
y
, M
x
ca dm.
29/09/2011 204
UN PHNG
V d 2: Xc nh phn lc lin kt ti ngm v pt g n hi?
V d 3: Tm chuyn v ti B?
29/09/2011
Ths.Nguyn Danh Tr-ng
205
Thank you for your attention !
Best of luck
with your exam.

SBVL-BK Hà N I

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HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Ta dng mt h trc ta Oxyz vi Oz vung gc vi mt ct

*) X ng sut trn mcn bt k(//z).

l CT x cho ta gtri ng sut trn mcn

Tnh gi tr ng sut php

- M men tnh ca hnh F i vi trc Ox, Oy:

t l thun vi v c phng vung gc vi bn knh.

Nxt: chnh l din tch biu M

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