'SRWXERXMR :MVKMP

+LISVKLMY
3VE 25
7EY MRXVI :SPXEMVI #M 3V[IPP
3 FXSKVE3I MI'MXE HMR GSQYR.
:MVKMP +LISVKJIM E VQEW MRGE QEVIPI RIGYRSWGYX TIRXVY GMXMXSVMM HMR
6SQERME TEEE EWX^M, HYT. %TVSETI YR HIGIRMY W, M NYQXEXI HI PE 6IZSPY'ME
HMR HIGIQFVMI '89, 3MRHG MEXSEVGIVIE PYM HMR I\MP E JSWX GIE QEM PIRXE #M
MRWS'MX2 HI YQFVI. 'EVXIE GEVI P-E JGYX GIPIFVY PE NYQXEXIE WIGSPYPYM EP <<-
PIE 3VE 25, XVEHYWE R JVERII^E #M TYFPMGEXE HI )HMXYVE 4PSR R 1949, E ETVYX
#M R VSQERE, PMQFE 8R GEVI E JSWX WGVMWE, HYT QEM FMRI HI TEXVY HIGIRMM R
1991, HYT GI E JGYX 8RGSRNYVYP TPERIXIM, -& 30 HI /QFM WXVMRI.
%FME GY 2IQE, VMXSVMM HI PE %KETME '1998) #M GIPI HSYE ZSPYQI 1IQSVMM
'1999) W, M -WTMXE PMFIVXEPMM '2002) TYFPMGEXI HI )HMXYVE +VEQEV R YPXMVRMM GMRGM
ERM VIGYTIVEVIE EXX HI XV^MI E PYM 'SRWXERXMR :MVKMP +LISVKLMY R GYPXYVE
VSQERE WI E4E TI HVYQY0 GIP FYR #M RGIT W-#M E4I VWTYRW RXVIFVMPI
GMXMXSVMPSV VSQERM HIWTVI TIVWSREPMXEXIE PYH 'SRWXERXMR :MVKMP +LISVKLMY,
HIWTVI FMSKVE3E #M GV'MPI WEPI. 4IRXVY GIM QEM QYPXM IPI GSRWXMXYMI MRGE YR
QMWXIV.
'SRWXERXMR :MVKMP +LISVKLMY W-E RWGYX R 1916, RXV-YR GXYR EP WEXYPYM
6^FSMIRM, HMR TEVMRK JSEVXI XMRIVM. 8EXP IWXI TVISX SVXSHS\ RXV-S TEVSLMI
JSEVXI WVEG. 8SEXI EGIWXI QTVINYVVM GETXE WIQRM3GE'MI R HIWXMRYP
WGVMMXSVYPYM: XMQ-TYP #M PSGYP, QTVINYVVMPI HEV #M JEQMPME R GEVI ZMRI TI PYQI.
)PI 8M TVI3KYVIE^ HIWXMRYP #M ERXMGMTIE^ TEVGE YRE HMR GIPI QEM RISFM#,
RYMXI FMSKVE3M #M STIVI HMR PMXIVEXYVE WIGSPYPYM << GSRXYVRH S 3KYVE WMRKYPEVE
#M XVEKMGE 8R EGIPEW' XMQT.
7-E RWGYX PE S PYRE HYT GI 6SQERME MRXVEWI HINE R V^FSM #M, ETVSETI
GE S JEXEPMXEXI, V^FSMYP XM QEVGLIE^ ZME'E, 3I GE IWXI EP HSMPIE V^FSM
QSRHMEP WEY VP^FSMYP VIGI, 3I RIRYQVEXIPI V^FSEMI TI GEVI PI-E TYVXEX IP
WMRKYV, HIZIRMX 'MRXE YRSV GEQTERMM HI TVIWE, 3I V^FSEMIPI GI EY GSRXMRYEP WE
M^FYGRIEWG TI EPXI GSR-XMRIRXI. % Z^YX PYQMRE ^MPIM PE 6^FSMIRM, PSG GY
RGVGXYVE MWXSVMGE #M QMXMGE. %MGM, R 1496, SWIQMRXIPI S#XMVMM QSPHSZIRI EY
EPFMX EPFME VYPYM TVIWGLMQFRH-S R :EPIE %PFE.
2Y HSEV XEXP, GM #M REMRXE#MM TI PMRMI TEXIVRE HEV W/M GIM TI PMRMI QEXIVRE,
WYRX TVIS'M SVXSHSG#M. (I#M RY TSEXI YVQE XISPSKME #M JEGI PMGIYP QMPMXEV, HI#M
HIWGSTIV XMQTYVMY GE EHIZVEXE GLIQEVI IWXI TSI^ME, S TVIHIWXMREVI
RWGVMWE TEVGE R GSHYP KIRIXMG MP JEGI WE HIWGSTIVI GE TSI`MM #M TVSJI'MM WI
ETVSTMI #M WI GSRJYRHE. 1YPX QEM XV^MY, EPIKI GEPIE TVIS'MIM, GE YR HEX 3VIWG
GEVI MP RWGVMI RXV-YR #MV.
0MGIYP QMPMXEV PE 'LM#MRY, TVI^IR'E R PMRME JVSRXYPYM, TI QEPYVMPI
2MWXVYPYM, W. M ETSM GY WYFQEVMRYP PE 7IZEWXSTSP R GEPMXEXI HI GSVIWTSRHIRX HI
V^FSM WYRX QTVINYVVM GEVI MP HYG JSEVXI ETVSETI HI 9RMYRIE 7SZMIXMGE #M MM
GSR3VQW S PIKXYV WXVERMI MRXVI IP #M WSZMIXI HIWTVI GEVI WGVMI GE W-EY RWGYX
R QYR3M 'EVTE'M, SHEXMM GY IP #M EY GVIWGYX QTVIYR, MRWITEVEFMPM. 4VMZMVIE
WGVYXXSEVI, ETVSETI ZM/MSREV7 EWYTVE GSQYRMWQYPYM WSZMIXMG RY MP TEVEWI'XI
RMGMSHEX #M XVEMI'XI R 1989 QSQIR-XYP KVIY HI MQEKMREX EP VIZSPY'MMPSV HMR )WX
GEVI MM GSR3VQE TVSJI'MMPI.
(IWXMRYP PYM 'SRWXERXMR :MVKMP +LISVKLMY VI4IGXE TIVJIGX TVMR WYMNYVMPI #M
GSFSVE`YVMPI WEPI VSEXE MWXSVMIM. 2SVSGYP #M RIRSVSGYP WI WYGGIH GY FXEMI HI
QI-XVSRSQ RXV-S FMSKVE3I WMQTXSQEXMGE TIRXVY WIGSPYP EP <<-PIE. -R QMI^YP
3IGVYM WYGGIW TPTMI EQIRMR'EVIE, 3IGEVI ETSKIY EWGYRHI GETXYP YRYM
XYRIP TVMR GEVI XSXYP WI WYVTE. 7I E3VQE GE TSIX, WGVMI VITSVXE'I R ERMM
GYQTPM'M EM V^FSMYPYM, MYFMVIE 8M IWXI MQTEVXEW.MXE HI GXVI GIE TI GEVI S
RYQI#XI, 0EPIEYE RIEKVE #M GIM HSM WI GWXSVIWG.
)ZIRMQIRXIPI WI TVIGMTMXE. 4VSQYPKEVIE PIKMM VEWMEPI -M QTMIHMGE TI GIM
HSM XMRIVM WE TVSJIWI^I, IE EZSGEXYVE #M IP KE^IXVME, HEXSVMXE EWGIRHIR'IM
IZVIMI#XM E WS'MIM. 7MRKYVE WEPZEVI EV 3 TPIGEVIE HMR `EVE. "ERWE MM ENYXE #M :MVKMP
+LISVKLMY ENYRKI R 1943 EXE#EX HI TVIWE PE >EKVIF. >MYE HI 23 EYKYWX 1944
8P KEWIW, XI R 'VSE'ME, IE VEQERI GIE QEM RIEKVE ^M E ZMI'MM PYM. 3 RIWTIVEXE
GEPI E WEPZVMM 8M HYGI PE :MIRE #M ETSM PE 7IQQIVMRK, R %PTMM EYWXVMIGM, HI EMGM
R QYR'MM &SIQMIM, PE +SXXIWKEF, ETVSETI HI %RREFIVK, #M QEM HITEVXI TERE PE
%RI #M ;IMQEV.
'IM HSM JYKEVM GEYX VIJYKMY R ^SRE EQIVMGERE GSRZMR#M GE ZSV 3 WEPZE'M
HEV ENYR#M EGSPS WYRX XVMQM'M PE RGLMWSEVI. RGITI PYRKYP HVYQ TVMR, TRXIGIPI
FEPIRIM 3MRHG XVII HMRXV-YR PEKV R EPXYP ZVIQI HI HSM ERM, HIWTV'M'M YRYP
HI GIPEPEPX. 'RH WYRX IPMFIVET, R 1947, VIY#IWG WE ENYRK PE ,IMHIPFIVK.
3VMGI XIR-XEXMZE HI MIKMVI PE PYQMRE WI WSPHIE^ GY YR RSY I#IG. RGIEVG WE
TVWIEWG )YVSTE #M WE IQMKVI^I R 'EREHE, ETSM R %YWXVEPME, JEV3 WYGGIW.
)PZI'ME RY -M TVMQI#XI 3MRHG R-EY GSRX -R FERGE.
%GIPE'M ,IMHIPFIVK EP YRIM GETXMZMX'M ETEVIRX JEVE MI#MVI SFPMKE PE EPX WSM
HI IZEHEVI: WGVMWYP. %MGM :MVKMP +LISVKLMY #M WGVMI R #ETXI-STX PYRM VSQERYP
3VE 25. 1EM QYPX, EVI KVMNE WE #M EWMKYVI S XVEHYGIVI R KIVQERE. 'RH
VIY#IWG WE XVIEG MPIKEP JVSRXMIVE W. M WE MRXVI TI XIVMXSVMYP *VER'IM MEV R EYKYWX
1948 WSWIWG PE 4EVMW, EGIIE#M VSEXE WI RXSEVGI FVYWG. "M QMGM QMVEGSPI WI 'MR
PER'. 3QYP TVSZMHIR'MEP IWXI +EFVMIP 1EVGIP GEVI GSRHYGI GSPIG'ME HI
PMXIVEXYVI WXVMR, *IY\ 'VSMWIW E )HMXYVMM 4PSR: MM GMXIW, XI VSQERYP R KIVQERE
#M WI LSXV#XI W-P TYFPMGI. 8SX HI QMVEGSP &MRI #M VITI^MGMYRIE #M QMIWXVME GY
GEVI 1SRMGE 0SZMRIWGY XVEHYGI QERY-WGVMWYP HMR VSQERE R JVERGI^E.
6SQERYP EVI YR WYGGIW GI RXVIGI E'XITXEVMPI XYXYVSV #M 'SRWXERXMR :MVKMP
+LISVKLMY WI XVI^I#XI TVSTYPWEX R GIRXVEP EXIR'MIM. 2IGE^YVMPI RY RXV^MI:
PMXMKMYP GY XVEHYGXSEVIE WI RGLIMI PE XVMFYREP, GIVGYVMPI IQMKVE'MIM VSQERI#XM
HI^PERJYMI S GEQTERMI HI TVIWE GY EGY^E`MM KVEZI HI ERXMWIQMXMWQ TSQM'I HI
PE GEVXIE HI VITSVXE'I %VH QEPYVMPI 2MWXVYPYM. %GIPE'M +EFVMIP 1EVGIP GEVI
SVKERM^EWI GSRJI-VMR'I #M HI^FEXIVM HIWTVI VSQER HIZMRI EHZIVWEV,
VIGSRGMPMIVIE WI TVSHYGI EFME TIWXI YR HIGIRMY. %HZIVWMXEXIE XVEHYGXSEVIM MP
RWS'I#XI TI WGVMMXSV TERE PE XVI-GIVIE R RI3MR'E.
7EPZEVIE S KWI#XI R WGVMW, TYFPMGE MRXVI 1952 #M 1961 RSYE VSQERI #M
S TSZIWXMVI, XVIM GEV3 HIHMGEXI QEVMPSV 3KYVM VIPMKMSEWI: 7JRXYP PSER +YVE HI
%YV, --.
0YXLIV, 1ELSQIH. 7I TVI3KYVIE^ EPXE RXSVWXYV E HIWXMRYPYM. -R
1963, R ^MYE HI WVFXSEVI E 73R'MPSV 'SRWXERXMR #M )PIRE, 'SRWXERXMR :MVKMP
+LISVKLMY IWXI LMVSXSRMWMX TVISX SVXSHS\ PE FMWIVMGE SVXSHS\E, 73R'MM
%VLERKLIPM HMR 4EVMW. 4IWXI XVIM ERM TVMQI#XI HMR TEVXIE 4EXVMEVLMIM 6SQERI
XMXPYP HI IGSRSQ WXEZVSJSV MEV R 1968 GIP HI TVSXSTVIWF]XIVSW EP 4EXVMEVLMIM
HMR 'SRWXERXMRSTSP, S HMWXMRGTI SRSVM-3GE HI QEVI 'MRYXE, EGSVHEXE GIPSV QEM
EPI#M TVIS'M HMR TYRGX HI ZIHIVI EP 'MRYXIM WTMVMXYEPI.
R I\MWXIR'E PYM :MVKMP +LISVKLMY WI QTPIXIWG ZSGE'ME TVIS'IEWG7 #M
TYXIVIE HI GVIE'MI, GPXSVMMPI #M MQTPMGEVIE GYPXYVEPE, VIPMKMSEWE #M TSPMXMGE.
'EPEXSVIW, XI R )PZI'ME, &ETSRME, 'SVIIE #M HI HSYE SVM -R 0MFER. 7TVM'MRE
EG'MYRMPI HI TVSXIWX HIGPER#EXI HI &IR 'SVPEGMY WEY GIPI HI ETVEVI E
TVISXYPYM +LISVKLI 'EPGMY-(YQMXVIEWE, EVIWXEX PE &YGYVI'XM. -R MRXIVZIR'MMPI
HMR TVIWE, R IQMWMYRM HI XIPIZM^MYRI WI HIGPEV5 ERXMGSQYRMWX JEREXMG MEV 'EVE
#M-S RYQI#XI, VITYFPMGE TIRM-XIRGMEVE VSQERE.
R 1989, GRH WMQXI TYPWYP WGLMQFVMPSV HMR )WX, ME EXMXYHMRM TYFPMGI,
VSWXI#XI MRHIQRYP HMR MQRYP (I#XIETX-XI VSQERI, TPIHIE^ GY JIVZSEVI
TIRXVY 'EVE WE TI GEVI, MRWE, RY ETYGE WE S VIZEH REMRXI HI E HMWTVIE, GE #M
EPX QEVI I\MPEX, :MRXMPE ,SVME. (I EPXJIP, ETVSTMIVMPI HMRXVI GIM HSM WGVMMXSVM
VSQERM ETVSETI GE EXMRK WXVE-RMIXEXIE, IM EGETEVIE^ WGIRE PMXIVEVE PE TVEKYP
HMRXVI HIGIRMM TVMR HSYE VSQERI '-R ERMM '49 W. M '50 3VE 25, R '60 (YQRI^IY
W-E RHWGYX R I\MP), R NYVYP GVSVE WYG-GIWYP GVMXMGMM #M GIP EP TYFPMGYPYM MRXVE R
GSRGYVIR`E. 'IM HSM WI WXMRK R EGIPE#M ER, 1992, JEVE WE VIZMR EGEW S
WMRKYVE HEXE. %Y ENYRW PE RSM HSEV GXIZE HMR GV'MPI PSV.
3 GEVXI IZIRMQIRX.
6SQERYP 3VE 25 E Z^YX PYQMRE XMTEVYPYM -R 1949, GYRSE#XI YR WYGGIW
YPYMXSV GE XMVE', XVEHYGIVM, MQTEGX EWYTVE GMXMXSVMPSV, HI^FEXIVM. 4VIJE'E WGVMWE
HI +EFVMIP 1EVGIP IWXI #M TVMQE ZM^MYRI EWYTVE EGIWXYM VSQER EWYTVE GVYME
RGIT WE GYVK IPSKMMPI HMR TVIWE PMXIVEVE HI SVMIRXVM #M HMVIG'MM JSEVXI HMJIVMXI:
1EVGIP %YKEKRIYV ', *VERGI-7SMV), 4MIVVI &IVKIV ', 4EVMW-4VIWWI), +IVEVH
'EMPPIX ', 3TIVE), 0YG )WXERK ', 0E 'VSM\), %RHVI *SRXEMRI ', 0I 1SRHI),
6SFIVX /ERXIVW ', 0E +E^IXI HIW 0IXXVIW), 1E\ 4SP *SYGLIX ', 'EVVIJSYV),
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6STW ', 0I 6IZIMPPI).
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)PMEHI RXV-YR EVXMGSP HMR, 9RMYRIE 6SQERE, HMR QEVXMI 1949: 7SGSXMQ GE IWXI
HI HEXS-VME 3IGVYM VSQHR W-P GMXIEWG, RY RYQEM GE IWXI ZSVFE HI GIE HMRXM
GVIE'MI PMXIVEVE MQTSVXERXE E IQMKVE'MIM VSQERI#XM, GM #M TIRXVY GE VIZIPIE^
YR EWTIGX EP MWXSVMIM GSRXIQTSVERI TI GEVI -RG2 RMGM YR EPX WGVMMXSV IYVSTIER
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)WXI, R JSRH TVMQE STIVE PMXIVEVE R GEVI WI SKPMRHI#XI XIVSEVIE MWXSVMIM
GSRXIQTSVERI, MWXSVMI GEVI MRWIQ-RIE^E, TIRXVY MQIRWE QENSVMXEXI E KPSFYPYM,
3I QSEVXIE, 3I XVERWJSVQEVIE R QE#MRE, HITIVWSREPM^EVIE, HI^YQERM^EVIE.
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7YGGIWYP YPYMXSV EP VSQERYPYM ZMRI HMR QYPXMTPI SVM^SRXYVM HI E#XITXEVI
TI GEVI PI-E EGXMZEX: MWXSVMG #M TSPMXMG, 3PSWS3G #M VIPMKMSW. 8VIGYWIV TMV'MRM ERM
HI PE QGLI-MIVIE V^FSMYPYM GEVI TVSHYWIWI QYXE'MM R GSR#XMMR'E MRHMZMHYEPW
51 GSPIGXVZE, RIPMRM'XMPI MM JVQRXEY TI GIM WGTE'M XIJIVM HI WYF XEZEPYKMEP
MWXSVMIM, TVMZMVMPI MRGE RY TYXIEY WGVYXE HMRGSPS HI WYTVEJE'E IZIRMQIRXIPSV WM,
FVYWG, YR VSQER VWGSPIE XSXYP #M V3WTYRIE PE RXVIFVM MRGE RITYWI HIWTVI
EFWYVHYP V^FSMYPYM #M GVY^MQIE 3MR'IM YQERI, HIWTVI YR TYRGX GVMXMG PE GEVI E
ENYRW GMZMPM^E'ME GE IJIGX EP TVSKVI-WYPYM #M EP IVIM XILRSPSKMGI.
'EVXIE EHYGI R PYQMRE VIPE'MMPI GSQTPI\I HMRXVI MHIRXMXEXI #M EPXIVMXEXI,
TVEKYP HMRXVI HMJIVIR'E #M HMWGVMQMREVI, XVEKIHME SQYPYM GEVI ENYRKI PE
8RWXVEMREVI EFWS-PYXE HI XSX GI M-EV TYXIE HI3RM MRHMZMHYEPMXEXIE. 8SXSHEX,
ETEV EMGM JETXI #M HSZI^M GI XYPFYVE XSXEP QERMLIMWQYP TI GEVI P-E MQTYW
WJV#MXYP V^FSMYPYM GRH NYHIGEXE S JEG RZMRKXSVMM #M IM PEWE QVXYVMMPI TIRXVY
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#M HIWTVI WRKIVSEW, IPMFIVEVI TI GEVI IM S EHYGIEY.
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WE XVIEG QIVIY EPXGMRIZE: XVMQMW R PEKV 8QTVIYRE GY IZVIMM GETX EPX
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YR GSPSRIP ERMQEP HI MHIMPI VEWMWXI #M EPI TYVMX'MM IXRMGI 8P GSRWMHIVE
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S JIMRIMI EVMERE, IZEHIE^ GY TVM^SRMIVMM JVERGI^M MEV EQIVMGERMM 8P GSRWMHIVE
+IVQER.
4IVWSRENYP VSWXI#XI MR, )TMPSK S GSRJIWMYRI XIVMFMPE 8R JE'E
PSGSXIRIRXYPYM EQIVMGER 0I[MW #M E 2SVIM ;IWX, YR WSM HI FMPER' EP TIVMTPYPYM
WEMP HMRXV-YR PEKV 8R EPXYP, HI PE S MHIRXMXEXI PE EPXE, HI 3IGEVI HEXE
RITSXVMZMXE GY 'EVE 8R GEVI ENYRKIE -VVMTSXVMZE ZSMR'IM WEPI: -R 1938, EQ JSWX
8R PEKVYP HI IZVIM HMR 6SQXRME. -R 1940, 8R PEKVYP HI VSQERM HMR 9RKEVME. -R
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%PEPXMIVM EQ JSWX IPMFIVEX HI PE (EGLEY. 8VIMWTVI^IGI ERM HI PEKV %Q JSWX
STXWTVI^IGI SVI PMFIV. 4I YVQE Q-EY EHYW EMGM.
R ZME'E PYM .SLERR 1SVMX^ W-E MZMX YR KIVQIRI EP VYPYM, HY#QRME YRYM
WIJ EP TSWXYPYM EI 'ERHE5XM IEVI R HSVIE RIZEWVE, GEVI HGIPER#IEM XSX #MQP
RIRSVSGM-VMPSV, EWIQIRIE YRYM FYPKEVI HI RIE E GVYM VSWXSKSPMVI ERXVIRIE^
EZEPER#E. 7MQYPXER, IVSYP XVIFYMI WE VI^MWXI RGIVGVMPSV, WE WYTVEZMI'YMEWG,
WE WYTSVXI YR PYRK TVSGIW EP HITIVWSREPM^VMM, EP YRIM 8RWXVEMREVM EFWSPYXI HI
IP, GIP TPIGEX HI EGEW JEVE WE #XMI HI GI.
:ME'E PYM E MRXVEX RXV-YR QIGERMWQ JYRG'MSRRH EFIVERX #M HIGM^MM KVEZI
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GE WE TWXVI^I GEWE, S RSYE GWXSVMI GY S XRV EWMWXIRXE KIVQERE,
RE#XIVIE #M QSEVXIE GSTMPYPYM PSV TEV QEM GYVRH GSRWIGMR'I EPI TSPMXMGMM
RE^MWXI HIGX ST'MYRM TSQM'I HMR TVSTVME ZSMR'E. 3 YVME# HIXYVREVI E QIVWYPYM
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0MRME ITMGE WYW3RYXE HI .SLERR 1SVMX^ 8#M EVI TERHERXYP 8R HVEQE PYM
8VEMER /SVYKE #M E WS'MIM WEPI. )\MWXE YR TEVEPIPMWQ MRKIRMSW GSRWXVYMX HI EYXSV
-RXVI GIPI HSYE TIVIGLM, E PYM 1SVMX^ #M E 7Y^ERIM, TI GEVI V^FSMYP 8M HIWTEVXI
HI PE 8RGITYX #M 8M VIYRI#XI HYT QEM QYPX HI YR HIGIRMY, #M WGVMMXSVYP #M WS'ME
PYM GEVI XVII 8QTVIYRE #M WITEVEX TVMR HIXIRXI #M PEKVI. 'IP HI-EP HSMPIE TPER
RY IWXI YRYP I\GPYWMZ EP EGTYRMM GM #M EP VI4IG'MIM, GEGM 8VEMER /SVYKE 8WM WGVMI
VSQERYP, TI ZMY TI QWYV GI WI HIVYPIE^ JETXIPI. 4I PMRME MREYKYVEXE HI
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VSQER.
R XVMFYPE'MMPI WEPI, WGVMMXSVYP WI XVI^I#XI 8R EGIPIE#M WMXYE'MM GE #M
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FEPIRE HIZSVEXSEVI, #M IE GY HMJIVMXI 8RJE'M#EVM. 'EYX WE TMIGI HMR &EVE GE WE
8#M WEPZI^I WS'ME HI SVMKMRI IZVIMEWGE, 8WM TMIVHI &EVE PE 23 EYKYWX 1944 #M
JYKI 8QTVIYRE GY 2SVE QIVIY WTVI ZIWX HMR GEPIE VY#MPSV #M RGIEVG WE
ENYRK 8R PMRMMPI EQIVMGERI, HEV EQIVMGERMM 8M XVMQMX -R HIXIR3I TIRXVY GE WYRX
VSQERM, ZMR E#EHEV HMRXV-S 'EVE MREQMGE. 7TVI HISWIFMVI HI .SLERR 1SVMX^, IP
GEYX YR WIRW JETXIPSV, GSR#XMIRXM^IE^ VWXYVREVIE PYQMM.
6SQERYP PE GEVI PYGVIE^ 8VEMER /SVYKE WI MRXMXYPIE^, 3VE 25 #M IWXI
WMQYPXER ITMGE #M HI^FEXIVI, MWXSVMI XVMX #M GSQIRXEVMYP IM. (YT QSEVXIE
ZSPYR-XEVE E EYXSVYPYM, WS'ME PYM 8M GSRXMRYE WGVMWYP. 8ISVMMPI IRYR'EXI EXMRK QEM
QYPXI TYRGXI RIZVEPKMGI EPI GMZMPM^E'MIM WIGSPYPYM EP <<-PIE: LMFVMHYP QSRWXVYSW
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6SQERME, ETSM PE, 8MQTYP, YRHI WI TEVI GE E JSWX GSPIK GY 1MVSR 6EHY
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0M ETEVI #M TPEGLIXE HI ZIVWYVM 'IEWYP HI VYKGMYRI. 'SRXMRYE WE
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VSQER, 9PXMQE SVE.
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EQFEWEHSVYP +IVQERMIM R )PZI'ME, #M YR FXVR HMTPSQEX XYVG, )POVMQ &I].
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HVYQYP WTVI ZIWX GE WE ENYRK R ^SRE EQIVMGERE. 4STSWIWG PE %YI, HEXSVMXE
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VIY#IWG #M PE 8 EYKYWX MRXVE TI XIVMXSVMYP *VER'IM, R WGYVX XMQT ENYRK PE 4EVMW. -R
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W-E YMXEX 3\ PE IE. 4VIE GY EHIZVEX ITYM^EXE. )P W-E WMQ'MX TMX. (EV RY-M TYXIE
ENYXE GY RMQMG. &XVRYP 'M-E HIWGLMW WIVZMIXE, GE WE
- TVMZIEWG TI 2SVE #M GE WE R-S QEM ZEH GYQ WXE GY GETYP MRXVI TEPQI,
%. -RXVI EGXIPI HI ZER^EM'I E GEWIM, E QSW'IM, E XMTSKVE3IM, E ^MEVYPYM #M MVMPSV
)PISRSVIM, GEVI WI E4EY R WIVZMIXE PYM, IVE YR TSVXSJIP GY QSRS-MR EYV E PYM
8VEMER /SVYKE. 0ISTSPH 7XIMR P-E WGSW #M P-E TYW TI FMVSY, IM. )PISRSVE P-E TVMZMX,
ETSM P-E PYEX R QERE.
*PMRI WI QTPMRIWG HSM ERM HI PE GWXSVME HYQRIEZSEWXV. "XMY GE E'M
PSGYTEXE HI EPXI PYGVYVM #M R-E'M EZYX XMQT WE GYQTVE'M YR GEHSY TIR-RRYP
8VEMER. :-EQ EHYW EGIWX TSVXSJIP, GE WE M-1 HE'M. 3 W-M JEG
- I S PYGVEVI HI EVXE!
-PMRI I ERMZIVWEVIE GWXSVMIM QIPI# 9MXEWIQ GY HIWZV#MVI -'M IWG,
HSQRYPI 7XIMR, GE HYQRIEXE R-EM YMXEX! 0YM 8VEMER MM ZE JEGI
&ZEV TPEGIVI!
/"RSVE E TVMZMX HMR RSY TSVXSJIPYP, RIXI^MRHY-1 QEW, MREP GY TEPQE, #M E
^MW: '&Y #XMY HI GI QE EWGYRH JE'E HI 8VEMER. 4SEXI 3MRHG MP MYFIWG TVIE XEVI.
6 ENYXE HEGE EV E4E, WYRX WMKYVE! (EV XSX RY-QM ZMRI W-M WTYR. 1M-I JVMGE
XP TMIVH. 3 JVMGE EFWYVHE. (I G7XI SVM Q-EQ HIGMW W-M ZSVFIWG, EQ JSWX LW3 HI
XIEQE #M EQ GSRXMRYEP WE TWXVI^ WIGVIXYP EGIWXE SVMFMP. 8VEMER IWXI M 3MR'E
GEVI QE QEM 'MRI TI PYQI. (EGE P-E# TMIVHI, Q-E# TMIVHI #M TI
--
1ISRSVE ;IWX W-E STVMX FVYWG #M E PWEX TSVXSJIPYP HMR QERE.
8MM GI QM-E WTYW TVSGYVSVYP KIRIVEP# % ^MW, HSQRYPI 7XIMR, GE IY RY
G7W7XSVMXE!
-:SGIE )PISRSVIM XVIQYVE.
4VSGYVSVYP EVI HVITXEXI. )Y Q-EQ GWXSVMX HYT GI E MRXVEX R
ZMKSEVI ````IY GEVI MRXIV^MGI GWXSVMMPI HMRXVI VSQERM #M IZVIM. 0IKIE E JSWX
TYFPMGEXE R ETVMPMI, #M IY Q-EQ GWXSVMX R EYKYWX. 'WXSVME IWXI HIGM
GSRWMHIVEXE, HMR S3GMY, RYPE. 8SEXI GWXSVMMPI S3GMEXI HYT ETVMPMI WYRX
EYXSQEX HIGPEVEXI RYPI.
)PISRSVE ;IWX E XGYX. -R YVIGLM MM VWYREY GYZMRXIPI TVSGYVSVYPYM:
(SQRYP 8VEMER /SVYKE RY IWXI WS'YP HYQRIEZSEWXV. (YT PIKMPI R ZMKSEVI, IP
RY I GWXSVMX. %GXYP HYQRIEZSEWXV HI GWXSVMI IWXI RYP. (SQRYP /SVYKE WI
TSEXI SVMGRH GWXSVM GY EPXE JIQIMI, JEVE E 3 WSGSXMX FMKEQ. (EGE EXM EZIE
YR GSTMP, EV 3 YR GSTMP HMR 3IVM #M EV TYVXE RYQIPI ;IWX, RY /SVYKE.
(YQRIEZSEWXV RWIZ, HSEQRE, GSQMXI'M YR JEPW HI GEXI SVM WIQRE'M GY
RYQIPI HI )PISRSVE /SVYKE: HYQRIEZSEWXV WYRXI'M HSQRM#SEVE )PISRSVE
;IWX!
4PXI#XI SVMGI WYQE, HSQRYPI 7XIMR! % ^MW )PISRSVE. -R GXIZE ^MPI,
XVI-FYMI WE EZIQ R QERE TE#ETSEVXIPI #M ZM^IPI HI MI#MVI HMR 6SQERME! 4I
RYQIPI HSQRYP 3 HSEQRE /SVYKE.
1EXME IW, I 9RE HMR GIPI QE, JVYQSEWI VIKMYR, HI PMXIVEP HMR XEQI!
4., SE, I, E
8, E, 'YQ X TEWXVE WIGVIXYP#
3X WGVMI EMGM GETMXSPYP YVQXSV, IP WI GIVIE WIRW R EPXE TEVXI! :E JX YR
- XEVI, TVIWMQX; GIP QEM XEVI GETMXSP EP GEVTM! 6ERMQPYP E P-E WVYXEX TI
KYVE, GE IP WE RY TSEX WTYRI GYQ ZE 3 GETMXSPYP MV. PM IVE JVMGE WE EYH!
0ISTSPH 7XIMR E ETVYX HYT GMRGM ^MPI GY HIGVIXYP HI RYQMVI E PYM 8VEMER
/SVYKE R TSWXYP HI HMVIGXSV EP -RWXMXYXYPYM VSQER HMR 6EKYWE #M GY GIPI HSYE
TEJETSEVXI HMTPSQEXMGI, FVS#EXI R TMIPI VS#MI.
%Q G#XMKEX #M EGIEWXE FXPMI, GSRM'E 2SVE! % ^MW IP GY EIV MRGERXEX.
0SGYVMPI R ZEKSRYP HI HSVQMX WYRX VI^IVZEXI TERE PE :MIRE: PYRM TPIGE'M. QM
TEVI JSEVXI FMRI GE TPIGET!
0ISTSPH 7XIMR #M-E #XIVW SGLIPEVMM. )PISRSVE ;IWX, GEVI I\EQMRE
TE#ETSEVXIPI, W-E YMXEX PE IP. 7PFMWI. %V 3 ZVYX W-P RXVIFI HI GI RY TPIEG #M
IP, HEV 0ISTSPH 7XIMR E ^MW:
2Y WI #XMI HEGE RI ZSQ QEM ZIHIE ZVISHEX! %WX-RSETXI EY JSWX
HY#M WTVI 8VERWRMWXVME TEXVY QMM HI IZVIM HMR &YGYVI#XM. &MRI GE TPIGE'M! (EGE
QEM ZIRM'M RETSM, R-S WE QEM KWM'M RMGM YR IZVIY R &YGYVI#XM! 2MGM TI QMRI. -R
PEKVIPI HI PE &YK IWXI KVIY HI XVMX, TIRXVY YR SQ HI ZVWXE QIE!
8VEMER /SVYKE IVE R FMVSY #M PYGVE. 2SVE RY-P HIVERNIE^ RMGMSHEX GRH
WGVMI. %GYQ E MRXVEX MRWE R GEQIVE, GY TE#ETSEVXIPI R QERE. 8VEMER WXXIE PE
QEWE; 8#M 'MRIE GETYP QXVI TEPQI.
%Q YR GEHSY TIRXVY ERMZIVWEVIE GWXSVMIM RSEWXVI, E ^MW IE. %Q
EVER-'EX WE 3M RYQMX HMVIGXSV EP -RWXMXYXYPYM VSQER HMR 6EKYWE!
--E QXMRW HIGVIXYP HI RYQMVI #M E EHYKEX:
'%68)% %86)-% M' WI VIGSQERHE WE XI TYRIQ PE S QYRGE QEM Y#SEVE, E
^MW JYRG'MSREVYP EFVMGE. )#XM MRGE FSPREZ! 2Y RM W-EY XVMQMW HIGX SEQIRM
FSPREZM! 2G'MSREVYP P-E TVMZMX TI 1SVMX^ GY YVE. 4I YVQE W-E YMXEX PE LVXME TI
GEVI R QERE, #M HMR RSY PE 1SVMX^ HI HEXE EWXE, GY RIRGVIHIVI. (I HSM '.
'RH WI E4E R +IVQERME, 1SVMX^ IWXI TVMZMX QIVIY GY RIRGVIHIVI, GE P-EV
FRYM HI GVMQI TI GEVI RY PI-E WEZEVW'X, HEV HIWTVI GEVI WI #XMI GY: MI GE PI ZE
WZV#M.
,&RKYV# % GSRXMRYEP JYRGX'SREVYP. %Q QEM EZYX EMGM GEX'ZE YRKYVM #M R-
EQ RYP'YQMX HI IM. 4SEXI GE S WE 3Y HI XMRI! 6EW MVSRMG #M E GMXMX, GY KPEW XEVI:
1SVMX^ PRSW, QEKLMEV, 32 HI ERM, PYGVXSV RIGEPM3GEX, WSWMX R MRME PE 21
MYRMI 1941.
0SVMX^, GEVI #XME GE IWXI GIX'IER YRKYV, 4MRHGE E#E WGVMI R L'VXMMPI PYM,
MVIE KIWXYVMPI JYRGTSREVYPYM, GEVI EGYQ GMXIE PMWXE JEFVMGMPSV, E Y^MRIPSV #M
KEVIPSV HMR 1EVIPI 6IMGL +IVQER YRHI PYGVEWI RSYP ZIRMX. )VE S PMWXE' KE, GY
XSX JIPYP HI MRHYWXVMM. 1SVMX^ IVE QRHVY GE JYWIWI R EXXIE PSGYVM. 0MTE M-EY
XVIGYX TVMR JE'E SGLMPSV ^IGMPI HI PEKVI GY WEVQE KLMQTEXE R GEVI YWI,
JEFVMGMPI, SVE#IPI, WYJIVMR'IPI TI GEVI PI MRHYVEWI. 7I E#XITXE GE '&MSREVYP WE
3I YMQMX HI FVEZYVE GY GEVI RJVYRXEWI #M JGYWI EXXIE, TERE T'YRKE EMGM. (EV
IP E TVMZMX RITWXSV, TI HIEWYTVE RYQIPSV HI PSGYVM YRHI MPMWI 1SVMX^, #M W-E
STVMX PE YPXMQE RWIQREVI:. )PMFIVEX HMR WTMXEPYP TIR-?PYGVXSVM WXVEMR! 2V. 707,
PE HEXE HI 8. ---.43. 1SVMX^ WI QMRYRE GYQ TSEXI YR SQ XSX GI WYJIVMWI IP,
JEVE WE WI RHYMS#I^I. (EV JYRGTSREVYP RY W-E &YMS#EX. % PYEX GVIMSRYP #M E
WGVMW RXV-YR GSP' HI NSW EP TEKMRMM, YRHI E QEM PMX PSG: 4VI^IRXEX PE PYGVY PE
JEFVMGE HI REWXYVM /RSTJ YRH 7SLR1, PE '.111.43. (YT EGIIE, E TYW JSEME HI
GEVXSR RXV-YR WIVXEV YRHI WI E4EY &XI JSM EWIQRXSEVI #M W-E YMXEX MEV PE
1SVMX^: YVI #M *MYP. &KIVQ.)
(IZM^E RSEWXV TIRXVY QYRGMXSVMM WXVMRM IWXI, &) MWGMTPMRH, WYTYRIVI,
QYRGE, SVHMRIP. %MGM EZIQ #M PYGVXSEVI KIVQERI. 8I JEG EXIRX GE SVMGI
GSRXEGX GY S JIQIMI KIVQERE WI TIHITWI'XI GY GIP TY'MR GMRGM ERM HI
RGLMWSEVI. (SQRYP HMVIGXSV RY XSPIVIE^ RMQMG. *MIGEVI JIQIMI KIVQERE EVI
R WER S HIGM^MI HI GSRHEQREVI PE GMRGM ERM HI RGLMWSEVI TIRXVY XMRI; HEGE PM
FEKM QERE R WER, EM HIGM^ME! 7E RY GVI^M GE MIM EPXGIZE HI PE IE! 9RKYVYP TI
GEVI P-EQ EZYX EMGM I EGYQ PE RGLMWSEVI. "M PYM M-EQ WTYW XSX E#E GRH E ZIRMX,
HEV R-E 'MRYX WIEQE. 'VIHIE GE, HEGE I RXYRIVMG #M HEGE W-E EWGYRW GY JIQIME
WYF TXYV, RY-P ZIHI RMQIRM. (EV R 1EVIPI 6IMGL +IVQER WI ZIHI SVMGI
QM#GEVI. 'LMEV WYF TXYV! 2Y TS'M JEGI RMQMG JEVE WE E4EQ RSM. #M GI KRHYVM!
&M XVII TVMR GET #XMQ! -'M JSXSKVE3IQ HI ^IGI SVM TI ^M XSEXI KRHYVMPI! %GYQ,
TYRG-XYP HSM: JEFVMGE RSEWXV PYGVIE^ TIRXVY V^FSM. 8SX GI ZI^M #M XSX GI EY^M
IWXI WIGVIX QMPMXEV. 0YGVXSVYP WXVEMR RY XVIFYMI WE E4I GI PYGVIE^, GYQ
PYGVIE^ #M GEX PYGVIE^ JEFVMGE. (EGE RGIVGM WE E4M, 'M WI XEMI GETYP. -R
MERYEVMI E JSWX I\IGYXEX YR MXEPMER. %GYQ IWXI TVSGIWYP YRYM GIL. %QRHSM EY
GYXEX WE E4I WIGVIXIPI Y^MRIM /RSTJ YRH 7SLR!
*YRG'MSREVYP W-E VMHMGEX #M W-E RHVITXEX GXVI Y#E. 1SVMX^ P-E YVQEX.
(I YRKYVMM TI GEVI M-EQ EZYX TERE EGYQ R-EQ JSWX QYP'YQMX, E ^MW MEV
JYRG'MSREVYP. 8S'M EY ENYRW PE RGLMWSEVI. 9RYP E PYEX GLMEV HSY^IGM HI ERM HI
QYRGE WMPRMGE, TIRXVY WEFSXE'. 4SEXI GE XY EM WE JEGM I\GIT'MI, HI#M IY RY GVIH
R I\GIT'MM!
*YRG'MSREVYP W-E STVMX 8REMRXIE YRIM QE#MRM GEVI EHYGIE P^M HI PIQR
RGLMWI, TI S FERHE HMR'EXE. 0E GETXYP FIR^MM IVE YR PYGVXSV GEVI PYE PEHE #M
S E#I^E TI YR GVYGMSV E4EX PRK IP. -R GPMTE R GEVI JYRG'MSREVYP W-E ETVSTMEX,
GVYGMSVYP E TSVRMX TI #MRI, RGVGEX GY P^MPI. -R PSGYP PYM E ETVYX EPX GVYGMSV,
KSP. 0YGVXSVYP RY E HEX EXIR'MI WGLMQFVMM #M E GSRXMRYEP WE ME P^MPI, YRE HYT
EPXE, HI TI FERHE HMR'EXE #M PI E#I^EWI TI GVYGMSVYP KSP, E#E GYQ PI E#I^EWI
TI GIP GEVI TPIGEWI. 7I GYRS#XIE GE P^MPI IVEY KVIPI.
%WME I PYGVYP TI GEVI 8P ZIM JEGI XY, RGITRH HI QEMRI! % ^MW JYRG'MS-
REVYP. 0^MPI TPMRI, GEVI MIW HMR JEFVMGE, PI E#I^M TI YR GVYGMSV, #M IPI WYRX
XVERWTSVXEXI PE QEKE^MI. 4VMQE PIKI IWXI SVHMRIE. %M QEM PYGVEX R JEFVMGE#
.SLERR 1SVMX^ MP TVMZIE TI PYGVXSVYP GEVI WI ETPIGE QIGERMG, #M RGSVH
FVE'IPI QIGERMG, PYE PEHE GY REWXYVM #M S E#I^E TI GVYGMSV XSX QIGERMG, JEVE
WE WI KRHIEWG PE GI JEGI, HEV RMGM PE EPXGIZE. 2Y WI KRHIE RMGM PE IM, GEVI
IVEY PRK IP. 4SEXI RMGM RY-M Z^YWI.
1E#MRMPI RY XSPIVIE^ PMTWE HI SVHMRI, E ^MW JYRG'MSREVYP. 1E#MRMPI RY
XSPIVIE^ EREVLME, PIRIE #M MRHSPIR'E SQIRIEWGE!
.SLERR 1SVMX^ W-E YMXEX PE JYRG'MSREV, GEVI ZSVFIE QEM HITEVXI.
2-EM ZSMI WE XI KRHI#XM PE EPXGIZE! 1E#MRMPI XI WERG'MSRIE^, HEGE S
JEGM. "M TI YVQE XI WERGX'SREQ #M RSM. 8SEX EXIR'ME XVIFYMI WE-'M 3I PE VSFSX, PE
TREVEHYP XEY, PYGVXSVYP XILRMG, GEVI M'M EHYGI PEHE #M 'M-S RXMRHI. 8I ETPIGM,
'PMIM HMR QMRMPI PYM #M S E#I^M R GVYGMSV.
*YRG'MSREVYP E ^QFMX. 1SVMX^ 8RGIVGE WE ZEH FVE'IPI GSPIKYPYM WEY
&MRMG, HEV RY PI KWIE RMGMIVM. %TSM W-E YMXEX MEV PE JYRG'MSREV, GEVI GSRXMRYE X
^QFIEWG.
6SFSXYP RY WI TSEXI WGLMQFE HYT SQ. 8Y XVIFYMI WE XI WGLMQFM #M
W-`M FSVHSRI^M QM#GVMPI HYT IP. %#E I #M 3VIWG E ^MW JYRG'MSREVYP 3MRHG IP
/XI YR PYGVXSV TIVJIGX, MEV XY, RY! 2MGM YR SQ RY I PYGVXSV TIVJIGX. 2YQEM
TME'MRMPI WYRX! 0E IPI XVIFYMI WMM TVMZMQ, GE WE RZ'Q GYQ WE QYRGMQ! %M
TM'IPIW# RZE' HI PE QE#MRM HMWGMTPMRE, SVHMRIE R QM`GEVM #M GSRXMRYMXEXIE R
RYRGE! 'RH EM WE PI TS'M MQMXE TIVJIG'MYRIE, EM WE 3M YR PYGVXSV HI GPEWE-
RXM.) EV XY R-EM W-ENYRKM RMGMSHEX PYGVXSV HI GPEWE-RXM! )W. 8M YRKYV, #M
YRKYVMM, R *EFVMGE, WI YMXE PE JIQIM, R PSG WE WI YMXI PE QE#MRM!
.SLERR 1SVMX^ EV 3 ZVYX W-M WTYR GE IP RY I YRKYV, GM VSQER. % ZVYX WE
RGIET XSEX TSZIWXIE, GY RGLMWSEVIE, GY FXMPI TI GEVI PI-E WYJIVMX PE
&YHETIWXE, HEV JYRGTSREVYP WI YMXE GY EHQMVEFPI PE QEW, MRM GYQ EHYGIEY
P^MPI EPFI R XGIVI, PE MRXIVZEPI IKEPI; TI YVQE #M-E RXSVW GY HMWTVI' TVMZMVIE
WTVI 1SVMX^. 1SVMX^ E WMQ'MX HMWTVI'YP #M R-E QEM TSZIWXMX HIWTVI QGLMWSEVIE
HMR &YHETIWXE #M HIWTVI MRWTIGXSVYP :EVKE.
3QYP IWXI YR PYGVXSV MRJIVMSV, E ^MW JYRG'MSREVYP. 1EM EPIW SQYP HMR -
3VMIRX. 8Y RY RYQEM GE I#XM SQ, HEV QEM I#XM #M SVMIRXEP, #M YRKYV: HI XVIM SVM
?MRJIVMSV QE#MRMM! 4I HIEWYTVE, QEM ZMM #M HMR WTMXEP. )#XM FSPREZ!; .SLERR 1SVMX^
E R'IPIW GE JYRG'MSREVYP WYJIV. %V 3 ZVYX W-P EWMKYVI G-#M ZE HE XSEX WMPMR'E
WE QYRGIEWG FMRI.
'YQ TS'M XY WE WXEM EPXYVM HI S QE'MRE# 9MX-XI PE XMRI! *YRG'MSREVYP
P-E QWYVEX GY WMPE TI 1SVMX^, HMR GET TER7 R TMGMSEVI.
) S 'MKRMVI, S MQTMIXEXI JE'E HI QEW.MRM, GEVI WYRX TIVJIGXI! 0SV R-EV
XVI-FYM WE PI EHYGIQ EWXJIP HI WIVZMXSVM! :MRS EGYQ WE-'M HEY IJIGXI! -R Y^MRE
R-EM ZSMI WE MRXVM HIGX R YRMJSVQE HI PYGVXSV. 9RMJSVQE HI PYGVXSV IWXI GE
GIE HI TVISX! (EV XY RY R'IPIKM GI-'M WTYR. :SM, YRKYVMM, R-S WE ZIHI]
RMGMSHEX R Y^MRE HIGX JIQIMPI! 7YRXI] XS'M RM#XI FEVFEVM!
% HSYE ^M HMQMRIE'E, PE SVE TEXVY, .SLERR 1SVMX^ E MRXVEX WMRKYV R WEPE
QEVI, GY GMQIRX TI NSW, #M W-E ETVSTMEX HI GVYGMSVYP TI GEVI M-1 EVXEWI JYRG`
MSREVYP R ENYR. 1EM IVEY GMRGM QMRYXI TERE PE RGITIVIE PYGVYPYM. )VE
IQS'MSREP. 4YVXE S WEPSTIXE EPFEWXVE GEVI MM EGSTIVIE XSX XVYTYP; WEFS'MM HI
PIQR HMR TMGMSEVI WYREY TI GMQIRX GE RM#XI PSZMXYVM HI GMSGER. )P E 8RGIVGEX WE
QIEVK TI ZVJYVM. 2Y-M TPGIE ^KSQSXYP WXVMHIRX EP WEFS'MPSV. (EV IM VWYREY
XSX E#E HI XEVI. 'RH E JSWX PE QMNPSGYP WEPMM, GMRIZE P-E WXVMKEX. 2Y-M TVSRYR'EWI
RYQIPI, HEV 1SVMX^ #XME GE TI IP XP WXVMKEWI, IVE WMKYV. 8SGQEM QXSVGIE GETYP,
GE WE ZEH GMRI WXVMKE; ZSGIE W-E EY^MX HMR RSY, GPER
7EPZI, WGPEZI.'1
(I HYT S JIVWXVYMG GY KVEXMM, ETVYWI YR GET GY SGLM QEVM, RIKVM, TEV
RIKVY, QYWXE'E RIEKVE WX HMR'M EPFM GE TSVJIPERYP. 'ETYP, GEVI TVIE XRV #M
WGLIPIXMG, 8P 3\E TI 1SVMX^ GY SGLMM PYM QEVM #M 3IVFMR]. 8VYTYP FVFEXYPYM RY WI
ZIHIE TVMR GEHVYP QMG EP JIVIWXVIM. -R GPMTE R GEVI TVMZMVIE M W-E RXPRMX GY E PYM
1SVMX^, E VITIXEX, GY XSRYP YRIM ZIGLM GYRS#XMR`I:
7EPZI, WGPEZI!
)Y WYRX PRSW. 1SVMX^! % ^MW .SLERR 1SVMX^, GEVI RY WI RHSME GE
XRVYP GY TEVYP RIKVY MP PYEWI HVITX EPXGMRIZE, RYQMX 7EPZI 7GPEZI.
7MVIRE JEFVMGMM E WYREX. 1E#MRMPI W-EY TSVRMX. 1SVMX^ IVE TI FEPYWXVEHE, PE
TSWXYP PYM. 8RVYP GY TEVYP RIKVY E QEM WXEX S GPMTE R GEHVYP JIVIWXVIM, ^EQ-
FMRHY-M GY TVMIXIRMI. %Y^MWI ZSVFIPI PYM 1SVMX^. 8SXY#M, REMRXI HI E HMWTVIE, IP
E QEM WXVMKEX S HEXE, TVMZMRH 'MRXE PE .SLERR 1SVMX^:
7EPZI, WGPEZI!
.SLERR 1SVMX^ E VMHMGEX TVMQIPI P^M GEVI ZIRIEY TI FERHE HMR'EXE #M PI-
E E#I^EX R GVYGMSVYP KSP. (EGE P^MPI R-EV 3 JSWX EXX HI KVIPI, #M YR GSTMP HI
#ETXI ERM EV 3 TYXYX JEGI QYRGE EWXE. 1SVMX^ #XME GE R P^M WYRX REWXYVM. --EV 3
TPGYX WE WI YMXI PE IM, HEV P^MPI IVEY RGLMWI. 'LMEV HEGE EV 3 HIWGLMWI, IP XSX
R-EV RHV^RM WE HIE GETEGYP PE S TEVXI #M WE TVMZIEWG., -R MERYEVMI E JSWX
I\IGYXEX YR MXEPMER. %GYQ IWXI TVSGIWYP YRYM GIL. %QRHSM EY RGIVGEX WE E4I
WIGVIXIPI Y^MRIM /RSTJ YRH 7SLR- #M-E EQMRXMX .SLERR 1SVMX^. 7-E KRHMX PE
GILYP GEVI WXE R GPMTE EGIEWXE R JE'E NYHIGXSVMPSV #M GIVI MIVXEVI, 3MRHG E
E4EX WIGVIXIPI Y^MRIM HI REWXYVM. 4I YVQE W-E KRHMX PE MXEPMERYP GVYME M W-E
XMEX GETYP. 1SVMX^ E Z^YX QYP'M MXEPMIRM, #M XS'M IVEY ZIWIPM. (I EGIIE #M-P
RGLMTYMI TI GIP I\IGYXEX XSX ZIWIP. 4EVGE ZIHI GETYP XMEX EP MXEPMERYPYM, GY
QYWXGMSEVE RIEKVE, WYF3VI, GEVI ^QFI#XI, VSWXSKSPMRHY-WI PE TMGMSEVIPI
GPYPYM.
.SLERR 1SVMX^ #M-E NYVEX WE RY WI YMXI RMGMSHEX PE REWXYVM, GLMEV HEGE
ZVIS PEHE W-EV HIWGLMHI HMR RXQTPEVI. 2Y QIVMXE WE TM WI XEMI GETYP, HSEV
TIRXVY RM#XI REWXYVM! %TSM W-E KRHMX GE REWXYVMM #XME WYRX TIRXVY EVQEXE.
0YRH PEHE HI PIQR R FVE'I #M E#I^RH-S R GVYGMSVYP KSP GEGM GIP TPMR
TPIGEWI, JEVE GE IP WE 3 SFWIVZEX WI RXVIFE GI JIP HI REWXYVM SV 3 R IE.
)\MWXEY REWXYVM HI MRJERXIVMI, HI QEVMRE, HI EZMEXI 9RMM WYRX EYVMM, EP'MM
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1SVMX^; ZSME WE PI WTYR GE TI IP MP GLIEQE -SR.
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3GLMM PYM 1SVMX^ EY GYXEX R GYVXIE PEKVYPYM, GLMEV HMR TVMQE ^M, 3KYVM
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30 HI ^MPI!
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YRHI WE WI WMQX EGEW.
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